Second presidency of Donald Trump

U.S. presidential administration since 2025

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies.

This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. When this tag was added, its readable prose size was 17,000 words. Consider splitting content into sub-articles, condensing it, or adding subheadings. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. (April 2025)

|

Inaugural portrait, 2025

Second presidency of Donald Trump
January 20, 2025 – present

Vice President

JD Vance

Cabinet| Full list
Party| Republican
Election| 2024
Seat| White House

<- Joe Biden

* * *

Seal of the President

Official website
|  |

This article is part of
a series about

Donald Trump

|

* * *

Business and personal

* Business career
* The Trump Organization
* wealth
* tax returns
* Media career
* The Apprentice
* bibliography
* filmography
* Endorsements
* Eponyms
* Family
* Foundation
* American football
* Golf
* Honors
* Public image
* in popular culture
* SNL parodies
* handshakes
* Legal affairs
* Sexual misconduct allegations
* Nicknames
* pseudonyms
* Racial views
* John McCain comments
* Conspiracy theories
* Residences
* Rhetoric
* Security incidents
* Trump dance

* * *

45th and 47th
President of the United States
Incumbent

* Presidencies
* first
* second
* timeline
* Transitions
* first
* second
* Inaugurations
* first
* second
* Presidential library

* * *

Tenure

* First 100 days
* first term
* second term
* Executive actions
* executive orders
* first term
* second term
* proclamations
* pardons
* first term
* second term
* Trips
* foreign
* '17
* '18
* '19
* '20–'21
* '25
* Namaste Trump
* North Korea summits
* Singapore
* Hanoi
* DMZ
* Riyadh summit
* Helsinki summit
* Shutdowns
* January 2018
* 2018–2019
* Opinion polls
* first term
* second term
* Legal affairs of Donald Trump as president
* first term
* second term
* Protests
* federal law enforcement deployment
* St. John's Church photo op
* Social media
* Twitter
* False or misleading statements
* Trumpism
* TikTok controversy
* Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election
* Fake electors plot
* Chesebro memos
* Eastman memos
* Lawsuits
* Texas v. Pennsylvania
* Jeffrey Clark letter

* * *

Policies

* Economy
* tax cuts
* tariffs
* First term
* Second term
* trade war
* China
* Canada and Mexico
* European Union
* USMCA
* farmer bailouts
* Environment
* Paris Agreement withdrawal
* America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018
* Foreign policy
* First term overview
* Second term overview
* America First
* Saudi Arabia arms deal
* Iran nuclear deal withdrawal
* Relations with Israel
* Jerusalem recognition
* Golan Heights recognition
* Palestine peace plan
* Abraham Accords
* Kosovo–Serbia agreements
* Syria strikes
* 2017
* 2018
* Killings
* al-Baghdadi
* Soleimani
* Afghanistan withdrawal
* Taliban deal
* Proposed invasion of Venezuela
* American expansionism
* Immigration
* first term overview
* second term overview
* travel ban
* border wall
* family separation policy
* migrant detentions
* troop deployments
* national emergency
* Infrastructure
* Social issues
* First Step Act
* cannabis
* Space
* COVID-19 pandemic
* Taskforce
* Communication
* Government response
* stimulus bills
* CARES Act
* Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021
* Operation Warp Speed
* White House outbreak
* Interference with science agencies

* * *

Appointments (first * second)

* Cabinets
* first
* second
* Ambassadors
* first
* second
* Federal judges
* first
* Gorsuch
* Kavanaugh
* Barrett
* Supreme Court candidates
* Executives
* first
* second
* U.S. Attorneys
* first
* second

* * *

Presidential campaigns

* 2000
* primaries
* 2016
* election
* primaries
* endorsements
* rallies
* Las Vegas incident
* convention
* debates
* Make America Great Again
* Never Trump movement
* people
* Access Hollywood tape
* wiretapping allegations
* Spygate
* 2020
* election
* primaries
* endorsements
* political
* non-political
* opposition
* rallies
* convention
* debates
* GOP reactions to election fraud claims
* Raffensperger phone call
* 2024
* election
* primaries
* endorsements
* opposition
* eligibility
* Agenda 47
* rallies
* convention
* debates
* assassination attempts
* PA
* perpetrator
* photographs
* FL
* suspect

* * *

Impeachments

* Efforts
* resolutions
* First impeachment
* Ukraine scandal
* House inquiry
* Senate trial
* Second impeachment
* Capitol attack
* Senate trial
* Proposed expungements

* * *

Civil and criminal prosecutions

* 2020 election federal indictment
* Classified documents federal indictment
* Special counsel investigation
* FBI investigation
* FBI search of Mar-a-Lago
* Trump v. United States
* New York felony conviction for falsifying business records
* Stormy Daniels scandal
* New York investigations
* Georgia election indictment
* Georgia election investigation
* mug shot

* * *

* v
* t
* e

Donald Trump's second and current tenure as the president of the United States began upon his inauguration as the 47th president on January 20, 2025. Trump, a member of the Republican Party who previously served as the 45th president from 2017 to 2021, took office following his victory over the incumbent U.S. vice president, Kamala Harris of the Democratic Party, in the 2024 presidential election. Alongside Trump's presidency, the Republican Party also holds majorities in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate during the 119th Congress.

President Trump signed the Laken Riley Act as the first legislation of his second term. On his first day, Trump pardoned about 1,500 people convicted of offenses in the January 6 Capitol attack of 2021. Within his first month, he signed approximately 70 executive orders (far more than any of his recent predecessors), some of which are being challenged in court.[1] On immigration, he signed executive orders blocking asylum-seekers from entry to the U.S., reinstated the national emergency at the Mexico–U.S. border, designated drug cartels as terrorist organizations, and attempted to end birthright citizenship. Trump established the task force "Department of Government Efficiency" (DOGE), led by the businessman Elon Musk, which is tasked with cutting spending by the federal government, limiting bureaucracy, and which has overseen mass layoffs of civil servants.

In international affairs, Trump withdrew the United States from the World Health Organization and the Paris Climate Accords. He started a trade war with Canada and Mexico and continued the ongoing trade war with China. In April 2025, Trump imposed a 10% tariff on virtually all countries and raised tariffs above 30% on countries such as China and Switzerland,[2] surprising investors and inducing a stock market crash.[3][4] He has repeatedly expressed interest in annexing Canada, Greenland, and the Panama Canal. In response to the Gaza War, he proposed an American takeover of the Gaza Strip, forcibly relocating the Palestinian population to other Arab states, and rebuilding Gaza into a tourist resort. Amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Trump administration temporarily suspended the provision of intelligence and military aid to Ukraine, offered concessions to Russia, requested half of Ukraine's oil and minerals as repayment for American support, and said that Ukraine bore partial responsibility for the invasion. The administration resumed the aid after Ukraine agreed to a potential ceasefire.[5]

Trump is the second U.S. president to serve non-consecutive terms,[a] and is the oldest person to assume the presidency. Following his victories in the 2016 and 2024 presidential elections, he is not eligible to be elected to a third term due to the provisions of the Twenty-second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

## Background

[edit]

### First presidency and 2020 presidential election

[edit]

Main articles: First presidency of Donald Trump, Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign, 2020 United States presidential election, Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election, and Foreign policy of the first Donald Trump administration

Trump was inaugurated on January 20, 2017, for his first term as the president of the United States, after winning the 2016 United States presidential election.[6][7] While in office, Trump signed 220 executive orders.[8] In domestic policy, he signed major legislation like the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, First Step Act, and the Great American Outdoors Act along with bills for pandemic-era relief. He established the U.S. Space Force, the first new US military branch since 1947. In foreign policy, he withdrew the US from multiple international agreements including trade (the Trans-Pacific Partnership), climate (Paris Climate Agreement), and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (Iran Nuclear Deal). He introduced numerous travel bans on several countries, recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, and sought rapprochement with North Korea. He continued the ongoing War on Terror campaign and the campaign against ISIS. He replaced NAFTA with the USMCA and oversaw the U.S.-Taliban agreement.

Trump was involved in many controversies related to his policies, conduct, and false or misleading statements. These included the Mueller special counsel investigation into his presidential campaign's alleged coordination with the Russian government during the 2016 election, the House of Representatives' impeachment in December 2019 for abuse of power and contempt of Congress after the Trump–Ukraine scandal (culminating in his acquittal by the Senate in February 2020), the family separation policy for illegals detained at the U.S.–Mexico border, limitations on the number of immigrants and refugees permitted from certain countries (many of which were Muslim-majority), demand for federal funding of the Mexico–United States border wall (which resulted in the 2018–2019 government shutdown, the longest federal government shutdown in U.S. history) and attempts to repeal the Affordable Care Act (ACA).

His reelection loss to Joe Biden came amidst a series of crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic and its resulting aftermath, along with numerous protests and riots. In the aftermath of the election, Trump challenged the election results, alleging that widespread electoral fraud had occurred and that he had legitimately won the election. Although most resulting lawsuits were either dismissed or ruled against by numerous courts,[9][10][11] Trump nonetheless conspired with his campaign team to submit documents in several states (all of which had been won by Biden) that falsely claimed to be legitimate electoral certificates for President Trump and Vice President Mike Pence.[12] After the submission of these documents, the Trump campaign intended that the presiding officer of the United States Senate, either President of the Senate Pence or President pro tempore Chuck Grassley, would claim to have the unilateral power to reject electors during the January 6, 2021, vote counting session; the presiding officer would reject all electors from the several states in which the Trump campaign had submitted false documents, leaving 232 votes for Trump and 222 votes for Biden, thereby overturning the election results in favor of Trump.[13][14][15] The plans for January 6 failed to come to fruition after Pence refused to follow the campaign's proposals.[16][17] Trump nevertheless urged his supporters on January 6, 2021, to march to the Capitol while the joint session of Congress was assembled there to count electoral votes. The protests turned violent and many stormed the building, interrupting the electoral vote count. As a result, the House impeached Trump for a second time for incitement of insurrection on January 13, 2021, making him the only federal office holder in American history to be impeached more than once. The Senate would later acquit him for the second time on February 13, 2021, after he had already left office.

### Between presidencies and 2024 presidential election

[edit]

Main articles: Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign and 2024 United States presidential election

Further information: 2024 United States elections, 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries, and 2024 Republican National Convention

2024 Electoral College vote results Though Trump repeatedly promoted his 2024 victory as a mandate—to inflate the actual degree of voter support—he failed to receive 50% of the popular vote.[18] His 1.5 percentage point margin of victory in 2024 (shown in chart) place it in only the 20th percentile of presidential elections since 1828.[19]

Trump announced his candidacy for the nomination of the Republican Party in the 2024 presidential election on November 15, 2022.[20][21] In March 2024, Trump clinched the nomination.[22] Trump selected Senator JD Vance of Ohio, a former critic of his, as his running mate, and the two were officially nominated at the 2024 Republican National Convention.[23] Prior to the RNC, Trump was the victim of an attempted assassination in Pennsylvania.

Early on November 6, 2024, the day after the election, Trump was projected to have secured the presidency.[24][25] Trump won the presidential election with 312 electoral votes compared to Kamala Harris' 226. Trump, upon taking office, was the second president in U.S. history to serve non-consecutive terms after Grover Cleveland in 1893,[26] the oldest individual to assume the presidency, and the first convicted felon to serve the presidency following his conviction in May 2024.[27] Vance, as the third-youngest vice president in U.S. history, became the first Millennial vice president.[27] In the concurrent congressional elections, Republicans retained a reduced majority in the House of Representatives and took control of the Senate.[28]

## Transition period, inauguration, and first 100 days

[edit]

Main articles: Second presidential transition of Donald Trump and Second inauguration of Donald Trump

See also: First 100 days of the second Donald Trump presidency

Incumbent President Joe Biden and President-elect Donald Trump in the Oval Office on November 13, 2024

Chief Justice John Roberts administers the presidential oath of office to Trump in the Capitol rotunda, January 20, 2025

The presidential transition period began following Trump's victory in the 2024 U.S. presidential election, though Trump had chosen Linda McMahon and Howard Lutnick to begin planning for the transition in August 2024. According to The New York Times, Trump was "superstitious" and prefers to avoid discussing the presidential transition process until after Election Day. His transition team relied on the work of the America First Policy Institute, rather than The Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank that garnered controversy during the election for Project 2025, a set of initiatives that would reshape the federal government.[29] By October, he had not participated in the federal presidential transition process,[30] and he had not signed a required ethics pledge, as of November.[31] During the transition period, Trump announced nominations for his cabinet and administration.

Trump was inaugurated at the United States Capitol on January 20, 2025, succeeding Joe Biden as president.[32] He was sworn in by Chief Justice John Roberts.[33] The inauguration occurred indoors in the Capitol Rotunda.[34] Two days before the inauguration, Trump launched a meme coin, $Trump.[35] In his first weeks, several of Trump's actions ignored or violated federal laws, regulations, and the Constitution.[36][37]

## Administration

[edit]

Further information: Political appointments of the second Trump administration

### Cabinet

[edit]

Cabinet meeting, February 2025 The second Trump cabinet

Office| Name| Term
President| Donald Trump| 2025-present
Vice President| JD Vance| 2025-present
Secretary of State| Marco Rubio| 2025-present
Secretary of the Treasury| Scott Bessent| 2025-present
Secretary of Defense| Pete Hegseth| 2025-present
Attorney General| Pam Bondi| 2025-present
Secretary of the Interior| Doug Burgum| 2025-present
Secretary of Agriculture| Brooke Rollins| 2025-present
Secretary of Commerce| Howard Lutnick| 2025-present
Secretary of Labor| Lori Chavez-DeRemer| 2025-present
Secretary of Health and
Human Services| Robert F. Kennedy Jr.| 2025-present
Secretary of Housing and
Urban Development| Scott Turner| 2025-present
Secretary of Transportation| Sean Duffy| 2025-present
Secretary of Energy| Chris Wright| 2025-present
Secretary of Education| Linda McMahon| 2025-present
Secretary of Veterans Affairs| Doug Collins| 2025-present
Secretary of Homeland Security| Kristi Noem| 2025-present
Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency| Lee Zeldin| 2025-present
Director of the Office of
Management and Budget| Russell Vought| 2025-present
Director of National Intelligence| Tulsi Gabbard| 2025-present
Director of the
Central Intelligence Agency| John Ratcliffe| 2025-present
United States Trade Representative| Jamieson Greer| 2025-present
Administrator of the
Small Business Administration| Kelly Loeffler| 2025-present
Chief of Staff| Susie Wiles| 2025-present

Main article: Second cabinet of Donald Trump

See also: Vice presidency of JD Vance

Trump's cabinet choices were described by news media as valuing personal loyalty over relevant experience,[38][39] and for having a range of conflicting ideologies and "eclectic personalities".[40][41] It was also described as the wealthiest administration in modern history, with over 13 billionaires chosen to take government posts.[42][43] Trump officials and Elon Musk threatened to fund primary challengers in upcoming elections against Republican Senators who did not vote for Trump's nominees.[44][45] Despite this, three Republicans — Susan Collins, Mitch McConnell, and Lisa Murkowski — have voted against at least one of Trump's nominees; all three voted against U.S. Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth.[46]

### Loyalty tests

[edit]

Once the second Trump presidency began, White House screening teams fanned out to federal agencies to screen job applicants for their loyalty to the president's agenda. On his first day in office, Trump signed an executive order asserting to restore merit-based federal hiring practices and "dedication to our Constitution".[47][48] As part of its U.S. federal deferred resignation program, the Trump administration demanded "loyalty" from federal workers.[49] In a break from politically neutral speech, the Justice Department issued memos about "insubordination", "abhorrent conduct" and vowed to pursue opponents of Trump's cost-cutting efforts "to the ends of the Earth" in what was described by current and former law enforcement officials as a campaign of intimidation against agents insufficiently loyal to Trump.[50] Candidates for top national intelligence and law enforcement positions were given Trump loyalty tests. Candidates were asked to give yes or no responses to whether or not January 6 was an "inside job" and whether or not the 2020 election was "stolen". Those that did not say yes to both answers were not hired.[51]

## Actions against political opponents and the media

[edit]

See also: Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign § Trump's call for investigation and arrest of political rivals

Trump frequently promised to exact retribution against perceived political enemies through his 2024 campaign,[52][53][54] and has said he has "every right" to go after political opponents.[55] Trump has repeatedly suggested that he supports outlawing political dissent that he regards as misleading or that questions the legitimacy of his presidency, for example saying that criticism of judges who ruled in favor of him "should be punishable by very serious fines and beyond that."[56] He has also repeatedly called for press companies who have produced unfavorable coverage of him to have their licenses revoked, and has said that he will jail reporters who refuse to name the sources of leaks.[57] The New York Times described Trump as using "grievance as a political tool, portraying himself as the victim of what he claims is a powerful and amorphous 'deep state.'"[58]

Trump was described as seeking revenge after making a series of retaliatory actions against perceived opponents upon taking office and intimidating those who would cross him in the future.[59][60]

### Pulling security protection and clearances

[edit]

Trump revoked the security protection for his former Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, his aide Brian Hook, and John Bolton, who all had faced assassination threats from Iran. The revocation of security protection was described as part of Trump's vow to target those he perceives as adversaries.[61] He also revoked protection for Anthony Fauci who had received several death threats, and said to reporters that he would not feel any responsibility if harm befell the former government officials he revoked security details from.[62]

On January 29, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth suspended former Chair of the Joint Chiefs Mark Milley's security clearance, withdrew the authorization for his security detail, and ordered a review of his actions as Chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff with a view to demote him in rank.[63][64] Hours after Trump was inaugurated, the official portrait of General Milley was removed from a Pentagon hallway where the portraits of all former chairmen are displayed.[65][66][67]

Within 24 hours of being elected, Trump revoked the security clearances of 50 officials who signed onto a letter about the Hunter Biden laptop controversy as well as John Bolton, ex-DNI Director James Clapper and ex-CIA Directors John Brennan and Leon Panetta.[68]

### Justice Department investigations

[edit]

Trump used the Justice Department to punish his enemies and reward his allies while making unfounded claims of prior "weaponization" against him.[69][70] Trump ordered the attorney general to investigate the Biden administration for "weaponization of the federal government" and "government censorship of speech". The Guardian described the investigations as "politically charged reviews into his personal grievances".[71] The orders made misleading[72] accusations against the Biden administration and asserted they had committed criminal conduct against him and his supporters and demanded evidence be found to "correct past misconduct".[58] He threatened, signed executive actions, and ordered investigations into his political opponents, critics, and organizations aligned with the Democratic Party.[73]

On January 27, the Justice Department fired more than a dozen officials who worked on criminal cases against Trump alleging a lack of trust in faithfully executing his agenda. It also announced a "special project" to investigate prosecutors who had previously brought charges against January 6 rioters,[74] and launched a "weaponization working group" to review and investigate officials at both the state and federal levels who previously investigated Trump and provide the White House quarterly reports on its findings.[75] Several FBI agents and the FBI Agents Association sued the Trump administration to prevent the publication of the names of 5,000 FBI agents for their involvement in investigating the January 6 attack,[76] and Trump later said he would fire some agents involved in investigating the attack.[77]

It was reported on February 14 that the efforts by Trump to dismiss the case into New York City Mayor Eric Adams, which caused the resignation of seven government prosecutors, came in the same week as the administration was negotiating with the mayor over immigration enforcement initiatives and Trump's "border czar" Tom Homan made reference to an "agreement".[78] Earlier, Adams had agreed with Homan to give access to the city's Rikers Island jail for ICE without—via a "loophole ... [Adams] appears to have found"—violating the city’s sanctuary laws,[79] and joined Homan in a joint interview conducted by Dr. Phil McGraw, among one or more other joint interviews.[80]

The report came after February 10, 2025, when the Department of Justice under Trump instructed federal prosecutors to drop charges against Adams, citing concerns that the case had been affected by publicity and was interfering with his ability to govern.[81] The memo directing this move, written by acting Deputy Attorney General Emil Bove, stated that the prosecution had limited Adams' capacity to focus on issues such as immigration and crime. The Justice Department's decision did not assess the strength of the evidence or legal arguments in the case. The memo was issued months before the city's Democratic primary, where Adams is seeking reelection. The charges were to be dropped "as soon as is practicable" pending a further review of Adams' case following the general election in November 2025.[82] Danielle Sassoon, the US Attorney in charge of the case, refused to dismiss the charges, telling Attorney General Pam Bondi that "I cannot agree to seek a dismissal driven by improper considerations". Sassoon later resigned, accusing Bove and the Trump administration of making an illicit deal with Adams to dismiss the charges, becoming the first of seven prosecutors to resign due to the order to dismiss charges.[83]

In March 2025, interim US Attorney Ed Martin sent a letter to US Representative Eugene Vindman requesting information about his business dealings.[84] Martin also sent letters to senator Chuck Schumer and representative Robert Garcia, suggesting that they had threatened officials,[85] and to William Treanor, dean of Georgetown University's law school, warning that the law school's students would not be eligible for employment or fellowships with the District of Columbia's US Attorney's office as long as the school discussed diversity, equity and inclusion.[86]

### Actions against the media

[edit]

Further information: Public broadcasting in the United States

Following his reelection, Trump launched lawsuits and created blacklists against certain media outlets, and took over the process run by the White House Correspondents' Association to choose what outlets could gain access to him.[87] On January 22, Trump's FCC chair Brendan Carr revived three investigations into claims of bias from CBS, ABC, and NBC, but not Fox News, and Carr previously promised to punish news broadcasters he saw as unfair to Trump or Republicans in general.[88] On January 29, Carr ordered an investigation into underwriting announcements on NPR and PBS stations, and recommended that Congress stop funding these organizations (which aligns with the section of Project 2025 that Carr had authored).[89][90] In his first-term budgets, Trump had previously proposed eliminating funding for public broadcasting, art, libraries, and museums.[89] Carr sent a letter to the heads of NPR and PBS with his complaints, but ignored requests for a copy from a Democratic FCC commissioner.[89] On February 12, Carr launched investigations into Comcast, the parent company of NBC News and Universal Studios, over having diversity, equity, and inclusion programs.[91]

In February 2025, Associated Press journalists were prevented from covering several events in the White House after the Trump administration objected to the Associated Press using the name "Gulf of Mexico" instead of "Gulf of America" as chosen by Trump.[92][93] The Associated Press had recommended both names were to be used, as "Mexico, as well as other countries and international bodies, do not have to recognize the name change", and "the Gulf of Mexico has carried that name for more than 400 years."[94] The Associated Press protested the Trump administration's action as violating the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, while White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt later commented: "If we feel that there are lies being pushed by outlets in this room, we are going to hold those lies accountable", as she described the name of 'Gulf of America' as a "fact".[95][96] The administration followed up by banning Associated Press journalists indefinitely from the Oval Office and Air Force One, citing the gulf's naming issue.[97] Trump himself said that month that the Associated Press would continue to be banned "until such time as they agree that it's the Gulf of America".[98] Associated Press filed a lawsuit on February 21, in which it states "The press and all people in the United States have the right to choose their own words and not be retaliated against by the government, [...] The Constitution does not allow the government to control speech. Allowing such government control and retaliation to stand is a threat to every American's freedom."[99]

### Actions against the legal profession

[edit]

Main article: Targeting lawfirms and lawyers under the second Trump Administration

See also: Perkins Coie § Targeting by Donald Trump; and Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison § Targeting by Trump and capitulation

In March 2025, Trump said that he would be targeting law firms, a move experts call unprecedented.[100][101] He first ordered that security clearances be revoked for all of the attorneys at Covington & Burling who are involved in the firm's representation of former special counsel Jack Smith. Smith led federal investigations and prosecutions of Trump in both an election obstruction case and a classified documents case.[100] Trump then signed executive orders 14230 and 14237, each aimed at another firm.[102][103] The first ordered that the security clearances of all Perkins Coie employees be suspended, and also prohibited the firm from receiving money from federal contractors and barred its attorneys from entering federal buildings. Perkins Coie had represented Hillary Clinton in her 2016 presidential campaign, and in that capacity paid for opposition research that led to the Steele dossier.[100][104] The second involved similar orders for the firm Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison (known as Paul, Weiss), and for Mark Pomerantz, a previous partner at the firm. Pomerantz had worked with the Manhattan district attorney's office, which subsquently prosecuted Trump for falsifying business records. The firm had done pro bono work in January 6 cases.[100][104][105][106] Trump subsequently rescinded order 14237 after Paul, Weiss agreed to a set of conditions, such as promising to provide $40 million in free legal services to the administration and end its diversity policies.[107][108] Within days, Trump issued executive order 14246, this time aimed at Jenner & Block, a firm that employed Andrew Weissmann after he worked on the Mueller special counsel investigation.[109] Two days later, Trump issued another executive order directed at Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr (known as WilmerHale), where Robert Mueller had been a partner; the firm also employed Aaron Zebley and James Quarles, who had worked with the Mueller special counsel investigation.[110]

Claire Finkelstein, a law professor at the University of Pennsylvania, said the goal of these executive orders was to "intimidate professionals, to intimidate the legal profession from engaging in professional activities that go against Donald Trump and the current administration."[100]

Perkins Coie filed a lawsuit challenging executive order 14230, and on March 12, Judge Beryl Howell of the US District Court for the District of Columbia issued a temporary restraining order for parts of Trump's executive order.[111] Howell said that the order likely violated several constitutional amendments and "casts a chilling harm of blizzard proportion across the entire legal profession".[112] The Department of Justice attempted to have Howell removed from the case, alleging that she is "insufficiently impartial", but the motion was denied.[109] On March 28, Jenner & Block and WilmerHale also filed suit in the District of Columbia challenging their respective executive orders.[113] The same day, Judge John Bates issued a temporary restraining order for the executive order directed at Jenner & Block, and Judge Richard Leon issued a temporary restraining order for the executive order directed at WilmerHale.[109]

Trump also issued a presidential memorandum, "Preventing Abuses of the Legal System and the Federal Court", targeting lawyers and law firms more generally if they filed "frivolous, unreasonable, and vexatious litigation" against the administration, as judged by the attorney general. The menacing memo, again including revocation of security clearances and preventing any company that uses such a firm from getting federal contracts, has been seen as a threatening escalation and broadening of the president's campaign of retaliation against judges and lawyers who don't share his political views.[114][115] A variety of people in the legal profession condemned the memorandum as an attempt to intimidate firms so that they wouldn't take on clients who oppose government actions.[116] The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission also contacted 20 law firms, telling them that they were being investigated in relation to their diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) practices.[117]

The series of actions against lawyers and law firms quickly started having the desired effect of making it harder for those who oppose Trump administration actions to find lawyers who would agree to represent them.[118][119][120] UCLA Law professor Scott Cummings and a former senior Justice Department official have both called Trump's moves attacking law firms and targeting lawyers "authoritarian".[121][109] Senior attorney for the ACLU Ben Wizner said Trump's threats are an attempt to "chill and intimidate" lawyers who challenge him.[122] In remarks delivered with the Governor of Louisiana, President Trump told reporters that he thinks "The law firms have to behave themselves, and we've proven that."[123][124]

Within the legal community, there have been varied responses to Trump's attacks on the profession. Law firms that haven't been targeted by Trump have largely been silent in response. A few firms have issued public statements, such as Albert Sellars LLP, whose response was a concise "Fuck that fascist nonsense."[125] The American Bar Association released a statement encouraging everyone in the profession to stand up against the Trump's "efforts to undermine the courts and the legal profession", following that with another statement joined by over 50 smaller bar associations across the country.[126][127] The deans of nearly 80 law schools from across the country also signed a joint letter condemning the administration's actions, stating that "Punishing lawyers for their representation and advocacy violates the First Amendment and undermines the Sixth Amendment."[128] Democratic state attorneys general sent a joint letter as well, condemning Trump's attempts to undermine the rule of law.[129] Rachel Cohen, an associate at Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom (also known as Skadden) organized an open letter, inviting other associates to sign on. The letter, addressed to large law firms, called on them to take a stand, and as of March 27, 2025 over 1500 associates had signed it.[130][131] Cohen also submitted a conditional resignation letter, calling on Skadden to fight Trump's actions, and they let her go the same day.[132] Skadden later proactively approached the Trump administration before Trump targeted them with an executive order, coming to an agreement with the administration along the same lines as that reached by Paul, Weiss.[113]

### Actions against higher education

[edit]

See also: Information, science and research under the second Trump administration

Trump and the Republican Party advocated for new laws and pursued policies to crack down on campus curriculum, protests, political expression, and speakers that attempted to sidestep the Constitution's free speech protections.[133]

In March 2025, the administration stated that it was cancelling $400 million in federal funding to Columbia University "due to the school’s continued inaction in the face of persistent harassment of Jewish students", and "other alleged violations of Title VI and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964."[134][135] The administration subsequently made multiple demands, including that the university place its Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies Department under academic receivership, that it suspend or expel students who had participated in Columbia's 2024 pro-Palestinian campus occupations, and that it change admissions policies.[135] Several academic associations condemned the Trump administration's actions as an attack on academic freedom.[136][137]

Forty-one members of Columbia's history department wrote the university's president and board of trustees, noting that "authoritarian regimes always seek to gain control over independent academic institutions" and should be resisted.[138] The university's chapter of the American Association of University Professors likewise urged it to resist, describing the government's demands as "a ransom letter" and saying that the "assault on Columbia will serve as a model for attacks on other universities across the nation".[139] Other academics, including Christopher Eisgruber,[140] Austin Sarat,[141] and Steven Levistky and Ryan Enos,[142] wrote columns, again arguing that this was just the first step in a broader attack on higher education, and calling for action from institutions and the public at large. Levitsky, co-author of How Democracies Die, says that "It is really common for authoritarian governments – both those on the left and those on the right – to go after universities".[143]

Trump arrested a 30-year-old lawful permanent resident and Columbia University student Mahmoud Khalil, and said he would deport him and others who took part in protests for alleged antisemitism. The move was described by legal experts as a violation of the First Amendment and serving a chilling effect against dissent more broadly.[144] He also deported kidney transplant specialist and Brown University professor Dr. Rasha Alawieh in defiance of a court order,[145] and denied entry to a French scientist after messages critical of Trump were found on his phone.[146]

The Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights contacted 60 additional colleges and universities, saying that it had initiated investigations and again invoking alleged violations “relating to antisemitic harassment and discrimination”.[147] A group of approximately 400 Jewish faculty and students from across the country responded with a letter saying that they were united in their refusal "to let our Jewish identities be used as a pretext for destroying institutions that have long made America great."[148]

The Trump administration pursued actions against Princeton by stripping federal grants over allegations that the élite university hadn't done enough to comply with the administration's priorities, such as not doing enough in response to anti­semitic discrimination.[149][150] On March 31, the board of the Association of American Universities stated that stopping research funding “for reasons unrelated to research sets a dangerous and counterproductive precedent.”[150]

## Executive orders

[edit]

See also: List of executive orders in the second presidency of Donald Trump

Trump signed the most first-day executive orders of recent presidents. First-day executive orders by previous ten presidents, 1969–2025

Trump began office with the most executive orders ever signed on the first day of a United States presidential term,[151] at 26 executive orders.[152] Following behind Trump's executive order tally is Joe Biden at 9 executive orders on January 20, 2021,[153] then Barack Obama at 2 executive orders, and Bill Clinton at 1 executive order.[154]

Trump's signing of executive orders was described as a "shock and awe" campaign that tested the limits of executive authority.[155][156] Four days into Trump's second term, analysis conducted by Time found that nearly two-thirds of his executive actions "mirror or partially mirror" proposals from Project 2025,[157] which was seconded with analysis from Bloomberg Government.[158]

The signing of many of Trump's executive orders are being challenged in court, as the executive orders are affecting federal funding, federal employee status, immigration, federal programs, government data availability, and more. The majority of the cases are being filed in response to executive orders related to the establishment of the Department of Government Efficiency, Executive Order 14158, and the actions taken by Elon Musk and the DOGE team towards federal agencies as self-identified cost-cutting measures.[159]

## Domestic policy

[edit]

See also: Information, science and research under the second Trump administration

Trump signing executive orders on January 20, 2025, his first day in office, at Capital One Arena

Prospective policies for Trump's second presidency were proposed in Agenda 47, a collection of his formal policy plans.[160][161]

### Abortion

[edit]

Before being elected, Trump had declared that abortion should be delegated to states in April 2024.[162] To that extent, he stated he would allow states to monitor pregnancies and criminally charge abortion patients.[163] Trump criticized the Arizona Supreme Court's ruling in Planned Parenthood Arizona v. Mayes (2024), in which the court upheld an 1864 law criminalizing abortions except to save the life of the mother, stating that he would not sign a federal abortion ban[164] and reaffirmed his position in October.[165]

After the Alabama Supreme Court ruled in LePage v. Center for Reproductive Medicine (2024) that frozen embryos are living beings, Trump positioned himself in favor of in vitro fertilisation (IVF).[166]

On January 24, 2025, during the first week of his second term as president, Trump reinstated the Mexico City policy, which had been rescinded by the Biden administration.[167]

On February 19, 2025, Trump signed an executive order to expand access to and reduce the costs of IVF.[168]

### Climate and environment

[edit]

At a private dinner at Mar-a-Lago in April 2024, Trump encouraged fossil fuel companies to donate to his campaign, saying that he would roll back environmental regulations if elected.[169]

Trump's transition team for climate and the environment was led by David Bernhardt, a former oil lobbyist who served as interior secretary, and Andrew R. Wheeler, a former coal lobbyist who led the EPA under Trump. The team prepared to withdraw from the Paris Agreement for a second time, expand drilling and mining on public land, and dismantle offices working to end pollution. Trump pledged to redraw the boundaries of the Bears Ears and Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monuments as he did in his first term, end a pause on new natural gas export terminals that began under President Joe Biden, and prevent states from setting their own pollution standards.[170]

Upon taking office, Trump appointed oil, gas, and chemical lobbyists to the Environmental Protection Agency to roll back climate rules and pollution controls.[171] Trump ordered the pause on disbursement of climate-related funds issued by the IRA and BIL, and falsely conflated the funds with the "Green New Deal".[172]

In February 2025, the FBI, Treasury Department, and EPA requested that Citibank freeze bank accounts of nonprofit organizations that received funding under the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund, created by Congress in 2022 as part of the Inflation Reduction Act. Citibank froze the accounts. The FBI also asked Citibank to freeze accounts of Habitat for Humanity, United Way, the Colorado Clean Energy Fund and the New York State Department of Taxation and Finance. Three nonprofit organizations challenged the actions in court.[173]

### Criminal justice and law enforcement

[edit]

Trump entered office following 2024's 50-year record-low level of violent crime.[174][175] The Associated Press reported that despite historic drops in crime, many voters felt unsafe due to "misleading campaign rhetoric".[176]

Upon taking office, Trump issued an executive order to resume and pursue executions for criminal cases,[177] and the Justice Department put a freeze on civil rights cases and signaled it would roll back consent agreements with police departments.[178] A New York Times analysis described Trump's conflicting policies and pardons towards criminal justice as sending a message of "backing the blue" as long as they backed him.[179]

The National Law Enforcement Accountability Database (which kept disciplinary records of federal law enforcement officers) was deactivated in January 2025; it was proposed by Trump in 2020 and created by Biden in 2023.[180] Separately, Elon Musk's private bodyguards were assigned as special deputies by the United States Marshals Service, reported CNN and CBS News in February 2025.[181][182]

#### Presidential pardons and commutations

[edit]

See also: List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump and Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants

During the transition period, Trump was expected to end the Department of Justice's prosecutions against him in Washington, D.C., and Florida. According to The Washington Post, Special Counsel Jack Smith considered ending his prosecutions early and submitting a final report to Attorney General Merrick Garland before Trump was inaugurated.[183] The final report was submitted on January 7, 2025, with no charges being brought to trial against Trump.[184]

Upon assuming the presidency again on January 20, 2025, Trump issued a blanket mass pardon for those charged with the January 6 Capitol Riot.[185] During his campaign for re-election, Trump had said multiple times that if he were reelected in 2024, he would pardon the rioters.[186][187][188][189] The pardon commuted the prison sentences of 14 people by name, effected the release of over 200 others also in prison, and pardoned the more than 1,550 people who had been criminally charged.[190] 500 people had been sentenced to prison terms and 1,358 had been criminally charged. Following Trump's grant of clemency to all January 6 rioters, on January 22, House Speaker Mike Johnson announced a formation of a panel to investigate the January 6 committee in what the Associated Press described as "an effort to defend Trump's actions that day and dispute the work of a bipartisan committee that investigated the siege two years ago".[191]

In May 2024 at the Libertarian National Convention, Trump said that he would commute Ross Ulbricht's sentence on his first day in office.[192] Since 2015, Ulbricht had been serving a life sentence for charges related to creating and operating the darknet market website Silk Road, which operated as a hidden service on the Tor network and facilitated the sale of narcotics and other illegal products and services.[193][194] On January 21, 2025, Trump issued a full and unconditional pardon to Ross Ulbricht, fulfilling a campaign promise.[193][195]

On January 23, 2025, Trump granted pardons to 23 anti-abortion protestors. Among the 23 pardoned were Lauren Handy and 9 of her co-defendants, who were involved in the October 2020 blockade of a Washington, DC abortion clinic, and later convicted in violation of the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act.[196][197]

Trump has also floated or hinted at issuing potential pardons for Julian Assange and Peter Navarro; media outlets have also speculated that Trump may issue pardons for Eric Adams and Todd and Julie Chrisley.[198]

Trump in March 2025 wrote on social media that President Joe Biden's pardons of lawmakers who investigated the January 6 attack were now "void, vacant, and of no further force of effect", as Trump stated that these pardons were signed by autopen. In 2024, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that pardons do not have to be in writing.[199]

### Diversity, equity and inclusion

[edit]

Main article: Diversity, equity, and inclusion policies of the second Trump administration

Trump hosts a reception honoring Black History Month on February 20, 2025

In January 2025, President Trump signed executive orders aimed at terminating DEI practices and another aimed at transgender issues.[200]

At a press conference held in January 2025, the day after a mid-air collision between an airplane and helicopter that killed 67 people, Trump said, "the FAA is actively recruiting workers who suffer severe intellectual disabilities, psychiatric problems and other mental and physical conditions under a diversity and inclusion hiring initiative spelled out on the agency's website."[201]

In response to anti-DEI executive actions, numerous agencies and websites altered or removed material related to women, racial minorities, and transgender individuals. The National Park Service removed mentions of transgender individuals from its website on the Stonewall riots, changed "LGBT" to "LGB", and removed the word "queer".[202] The National Cryptologic Museum papered over portraits of women and racial minorities in their Hall of Honor, including those of Elizabeth Friedman, Washington Wong, and Ralph W. Adams Jr.[203] The portraits were restored after news of the actions began circulating online.[203][204] Pictures that celebrated women in science were removed from NASA buildings.[205]

### Economy

[edit]

Trump inherited a resilient economy from the Biden administration, with increasing economic growth, low unemployment, and declining inflation.[206][207][208][209][210] When Trump assumed office in January 2025, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was 4%, and the inflation rate, measured by the Personal Consumption Expenditure price index, was projected to range between 2.2% and 2.4% for 2025.[211][212] The New York Times and Economic Policy Institute described the economy as "in better shape than that bequeathed to any newly elected president since George W. Bush came into office in 2001".[213][214] However, polls found that many Americans still felt the impacts of the 2021–2023 inflation surge, which partly contributed to Trump's reelection win.[210][215]

In a March 2025 media interview, Trump was asked if he expected a recession to occur in 2025, to which he answered: "I hate to predict things like that. There is a period of transition, because what we’re doing is very big."[216] By that month, the Trump administration shut down the Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee and the Bureau of Economic Analysis Advisory Committee, both of which calculated economic data and had operated for over 20 years.[217] On March 13, 2025, the S&P 500 index entered into a correction, that is it dropped 10% from its peak on February 19, 2025.[218] The drop came amidst what the Associated Press called "historic" jumps in public anxiety caused by Trump's tariff threats, with large drops in consumer sentiment and increased expectations of higher inflation rates among consumers and Wall Street economists.[219]

#### Cryptocurrency

[edit]

During his 2024 campaign, Trump promised to fire Gary Gensler, immediately shut down Operation Chokepoint 2.0 (an alleged anti-crypto conspiracy), make the United States the “crypto capital of the planet” and said, "The rules will be written by people who love your industry, not hate your industry".[220][221][222][223] Following Trump's elections Bitcoin hit a record high.[224] Axios estimated that the $Trump currency "accounts for about 89% of Donald Trump's net worth".[225]

After taking office, during what the New York Times described as, "a first-of-its-kind “crypto summit", Trump said, “I promised to make America the Bitcoin superpower of the world”.[226] During the summit, David O. Sacks the "White House A.I. & Crypto Czar" said that the crypto industry had been "subjected to prosecution and persecution”.[227] According to The Intercept, those at the summit represented over "$11 million in donations to Trump’s inaugural committee".[228]

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under Trump filed to dismiss its lawsuit against Coinbase which had charged Coinbase was, "Operating as an Unregistered Securities Exchange, Broker, and Clearing Agency".[229][230][231] The SEC requested a 60-day pause, in its lawsuit against Binance alleging "Binance mishandled funds and violated securities laws".[232][233] The SEC asked that the case against Trump associate Justin Sun be put on hold.[234][235] The SEC said it would not exercise any regulatory authority over memecoins.[236][237]

Representative Ayanna Pressley criticized the Trump administration and Department of Government Efficiencys targeting of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and "emphasized the critical role" of the agencies work to protect consumers of cryptocurrencies.[238] Trump nominated Paul S. Atkins, who has "close ties to the crypto industry", to succeed Gary Gensler as Chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission.[239] Scott Bessent, described by Forbes as, "a prominent pro-crypto hedge fund manager", was nominated by Trump for Secretary of the Treasury.[240][241] ProPublica reported that the Department of Housing and Urban Development had discussed using cryptocurrency, which was described as "simply reckless" by Reps. Maxine Waters, Stephen Lynch and Emanuel Cleaver who drew comparisons with "risky, unregulated, and predatory financial products" that led to the Great Recession.[242][243] Trump's ties to cryptocurrency have led to concerns of corruption.[244]

In March 2025, Trump established the Strategic bitcoin reserve and pardoned BitMEX (the first presidential pardon of a corporation).

#### Taxation and deficits

[edit]

In January 2025, Republicans began considering cuts for various social programs in order to pay for the proposed tax cuts.[245][246][247] The Congressional Budget Office estimated in January 2025 that extending the 2017 Trump tax cuts could increase deficits by more than $4 trillion over 10 years, if not offset by spending cuts. Trump's campaign proposals to exempt Social Security benefits, tip and overtime income from taxation would further increase deficits. The Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget estimated that all of Trump's tax cut proposals together would reduce federal tax receipts by $5 trillion to $11 trillion over a decade, if not offset. Some congressional Republicans argued the tax cuts would not increase deficits.[248][249][250]

Trump, with the help of Elon Musk, launched a campaign to reduce the federal workforce by thousands of employees, primarily focusing on probationary staff, to streamline government operations. This has sparked criticism over the potential disruption of vital services and raised concerns about employee rights, with legal challenges and internal dissent emerging.[251]

### Tariffs policy

[edit]

See also: Tariffs in the second Trump administration

During his 2024 campaign, Trump promised to impose higher tariffs on imports from all countries, particularly China.[252] On November 25, 2024, following his election victory, Trump said he would sign an executive order placing 25% tariffs on Canada and Mexico, and impose an additional 10% tariff to China.[253] On November 30, 2024, Trump threatened to impose a 100% tariff to BRICS nations if they tried to create a new BRICS currency or promote another currency to replace the U.S. dollar as the global reserve currency.[254]

On February 1, 2025, after taking office the month prior, Trump followed through on his intentions and signed three executive orders imposing a 25% tariff on all goods from Mexico and Canada and a 10% tariff on China, originally due to take effect on February 4.[255] A lower 10% tariff was announced for all energy exports from Canada, including electricity, natural gas, and oil. Trump's trade advisor, Peter Navarro, stated that the lower rate for energy was intended to "minimize any disruptive effects".[256] In response, representatives from Mexico and Canada announced intentions to impose retaliatory tariffs on the United States, which if implemented could lead to an increase in tariff rates in accordance with a clause reportedly included in the orders signed by Trump.[257][258] On February 3, Trump announced that the tariffs on both Mexico and Canada would be paused for one month after the countries agreed to take further steps to prevent the trafficking of drugs into the United States.[259][260]

According to Kim Clausing of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, the proposed tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China would represent the "largest tax increase [in the United States] since the 1990s."[261]

Trump announces his "Liberation Day" tariffs on April 2, 2025

On April 2, a day Trump nicknamed "Liberation Day", Trump announced a 10% universal import duty on all goods brought into the US and even higher rates for 57 trading partners.[262] In response, markets sunk sharply lower.[263][264]

### Education

[edit]

During his first term, Trump cut funding to the Department of Education, while continuing to criticize it. During his 2024 campaign, Trump actively promoted the idea of abolishing the Department of Education and proposed handing over control of education to individual state governments.[265]

On January 21, 2025, the Department of Homeland Security announced it would no longer refrain from arresting illegal immigrants in schools.[266]

### Emergency management

[edit]

Just before the Los Angeles fires were contained, the United States Army Corps of Engineers started releasing water from federal reservoirs in California's Lake Success and Lake Kaweah via the Schafer Dam and Terminus Dam respectively, for a total of 2.2 billion gallons of water per local authorities.[267] The Army Corps initially stated that the water was for California to "respond to the wildfires", following an executive order by Trump.[268] However, the Army Corps later stated that the released water "could not be delivered to Southern California directly", that other government agencies said they "likely could not utilize the additional water with such short notice", and that the water release was stopped after "elected officials expressed concerns from their constituents about potential flooding of downstream lands".[269]

In February 2025, Trump signed a pair of executive orders blocking FEMA funds from being used to help undocumented immigrants in “sanctuary cities.” This had the consequence of freezing billions of dollars in disaster grants, which were funding rebuilding efforts for communities struck by Hurricane Helene.[270]

### Federal government and executive power

[edit]

Image posted on February 19, 2025 by the official White House account likening Trump to a monarch.[271]

The second Trump administration has pursued a maximalist interpretation of the unitary executive theory.[272][273] It has been noted for making sweeping assertions of executive authority, and challenging several Congressional laws and parts of the Constitution restraining presidential power.[274][275][276] He issued an executive order to take control of independent federal agencies such as the FCC, FEC, and SEC, attacked journalists and media organizations whose coverage he disliked, placed loyalists in charge of the military and FBI, used the Department of Justice to promote his political interests, and suggested defying court orders and impeaching justices who ruled against him.[277]

On February 15, 2025, Trump wrote on Truth Social and X: "He who saves his Country does not violate any Law", which the White House later reposted on X that day.[278][279] Shortly afterward on February 19 in a post about congestion pricing in New York, Trump compared himself to a king by saying "LONG LIVE THE KING!".[271] Later that month, Trump told the Governor of Maine, Janet Mills, to "comply" with his executive order banning transgender athletes from women's sports, or he would withdraw "any federal funding", because "we are the federal law".[280]

Screenshots from the leaked Signal chat showing "Pete Hegseth" discussing plans for American military operations against the Houthis in Yemen.

Also in February 2025, Elon Musk declared that "all federal employees will shortly receive an email requesting to understand what they got done last week ... Failure to respond will be taken as a resignation"; within hours federal employees received an email from the United States Office of Personnel Management demanding their response, within two days, on work done last week.[281][282]

In March 2025, senior Trump administration officials used the Signal private messaging service to discuss imminent military operations against the Houthis in Yemen, which led to the United States government group chat leak when Jeffrey Goldberg, the editor-in-chief of the American magazine The Atlantic, was added to the chat by Michael Waltz, the national security advisor.[283] The Atlantic reported on and published details of the chat, showing that defense secretary Pete Hegseth used the chat to share details of the impending strikes, including the launch times of F-18 aircraft, MQ-9 drones and Tomahawk missiles, as well as the time when the F-18 aircraft would reach their targets, and the time when the bombs would land.[284][285] Some of the chat's other members were vice president JD Vance, director of national intelligence Tulsi Gabbard, and CIA director John Ratcliffe.[283] The incident raised several issues, including the Trump administration officials' use of a non-government communication system and the potential transmission of classified information on it, as well as Signal's automatic deletion of chat logs contradicting with the requirement to preserve government records.[286]

#### DOGE (Department of Government Efficiency)

[edit]

Main article: Department of Government Efficiency

The Trump administration established the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), a temporary organization with Elon Musk[287] as its administrator, and renamed the United States Digital Service to the United States DOGE Service to function as a parent agency. DOGE is a unit tasked with recommending cost-cutting measures, and according to the executive order that established it, its formal purpose is to "modernize federal technology and software to maximize governmental efficiency and productivity".[288][289][290]

In late January 2025, Wired reported that the top ranks of the human resources-focused United States Office of Personnel Management (OPM) had been filled by new hires who had formerly worked for either Elon Musk, Peter Thiel, Republican politicians or right-wing media outlets, while Musk's allies were installed into the technology-focused General Services Administration and planned massive spending cuts.[291][292] On January 28, the OPM offered a "deferred resignation" scheme to federal government employees to announce their resignation by February 6, while stating that employees who resigned would still receive salary and benefits until September 30, 2025.[293] The offer made was similar to Elon Musk's notice to employees after he took control of Twitter.[294][295] On January 31, Trump added that he would nullify federal employee union contracts, specifically including one with the Education Department, that had been agreed to late in Biden's term.[296] Musk also gained access to the Treasury's payment system.[297] Two OPM officials told Reuters that Musk's allies locked some OPM officials from accessing OPM data systems, with one official saying this enabled Musk's allies to use the systems without oversight.[298] It was reported that this gave DOGE "full access" to the major U.S. Treasury database controlling the expenditure of 6 trillion dollars, as well as "the sensitive personal data of millions of Americans as well as details of public contractors who compete directly with Musk’s own businesses." It was reported that the previous top civil servant who was associated with the database was placed on leave and then resigned after objecting to DOGE's access. It was reported that this access could allow Musk to block payments by the U.S. government to many federal programs. Senator Ron Wyden stated that this access was a "national security risk."[299]

On March 21, Elon Musk visited the Pentagon. This was originally scheduled to be a non-classified briefing on China with the Joint Chiefs. However, seemingly after the New York Times reported the previous day on possible Musk conflicts-of-interest due to business interests in China, this was changed to a meeting with Secretary of Defense Hegseth on efficiency. President Trump said, “Elon has businesses in China, and he would be susceptible perhaps to that. But it was such a fake story.”[300][301][b] Musk said he wants to find those who leaked details about this meeting ahead of time.[300][302]

##### Mass layoffs

[edit]

Main article: 2025 United States federal mass layoffs

Trump oversaw mass firings of federal workers at various agencies, many of them described as breaking with precedent or federal law and with the intent to replace them with workers more aligned with Trump's agenda.[303][60][273][304]

On January 24, 2025, less than a week into Trump's second presidency, he fired 17 independent inspectors general at federal agencies, which appeared to violate federal law that requires advance notice of dismissals to both chambers of congress with reasons given 30 days in advance.[305] Trump also fired all Democratic but not Republican members of the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, which would prevent the board from meeting quorum and functioning.[272] Trump also fired members of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, National Labor Relations Board, over 160 members of the National Security Council for not aligning with his agenda, and 56 senior officials at USAID for allegedly attempting to thwart his priorities.[303]

The New York Times reported in January 2025 that the White House might be hoping the firings would be challenged in court, ultimately the Supreme Court, as test cases to invoke the unitary executive theory to give the president exclusive control of the executive branch. The Republican-appointed supermajority on the Court had in recent years indicated support for the theory, which had also been promoted by Project 2025.[306][307]

On the first day of his second term in January 2025, Trump named a Republican as acting chair of the United States Merit Systems Protection Board. In February 2025, Trump removed a Democratic member of the board, Cathy Harris, who had served three years of her term, and demoted the other Democratic member.[308] Harris then sued the Trump administration, alleging that her removal was illegal.[309] On March 4, 2025, a U.S. District judge, citing U.S. Supreme Court cases from 1933 and 1953, entered a permanent injunction ordering that she be reinstated.[310]

##### Lawsuits

[edit]

Main article: Lawsuits involving the Department of Government Efficiency

On March 13, Federal Judge William Alsup of San Francisco ordered that fired employees must be re-hired at the Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Agriculture, Department of Defense, the Department of Energy, Department of Interior, and Department of Treasury. He ruled that blanket claims of poor performance cannot be used as a “gimmick” to get around the Reduction in Force Act, and stated that “it is a sad day when our government would fire some good employee and say it was based on performance when they know good and well that's a lie.”[311][312] The Ninth Circuit Court rejected the Trump administration's appeal for them to stay Alsup's ruling, with the appeals court stating that a stay "would not preserve the status quo. It would do just the opposite — it would disrupt the status quo and turn it on its head".[313]

In a second lawsuit also on March 13, Federal Judge James Bredar of Maryland issued a broader order that the Trump administration must re-hire workers who had been fired from 12 departments and 6 agencies. This was the result of a lawsuit brought by 19 states and the District of Columbia that they had not been given the legally-required advance notice of large layoffs. And that the reason of “performance” was not true. Judge Bredar wrote, “There were no individualized assessments of employees. They were all just fired. Collectively.”[312][314]

The Trump administration is both appealing this second decision and complying with it in the meantime. Twenty-four thousand employees are in the process of being re-hired, with most being placed on administrative leave with full pay and benefits as the in-between step. The re-hires include 6,400 employees at the IRS, 5,700 employees at the Department of Agriculture, 3,200 employees at the Department of Health and Human Services, and 1,700 employees at the Department of Veteran's Affairs, with all these numbers being rounded to the nearest hundred.[315]

Judge William Alsup wrote in a brief follow-up order that re-hired employees must be placed back in their former posts, and not merely placed on administrative leave.[316]

#### USAID

[edit]

Main article: United States Agency for International Development

U.S. Army and Air Force service members assist USAID with the transportation of nearly 12,000 pounds of medical kits from the Netherlands, through Germany and on to Lebanon in August 2020.

Trump and DOGE are attempting to dismantle the vast majority of USAID,[317] a 10,000-person agency originally tasked to carry-out and monitor humanitarian projects.[318] USAID's critics maintain that many of the projects are in fact not all that humanitarian and/or that much of the money is not all that well spent.[319]

The administration issued a 90-day stop-work order worldwide,[320] and attracted a lawsuit for not paying vendors.[321] Stop work interrupted about 30 clinical trials,[322] and interrupted such projects as a camp for war refugees on the Sudan-Chad border, emergency medical care for displaced Palestinians and Yemenis, heat and electricity for Ukrainian refugees, and HIV treatment and mpox surveillance in Africa.[320] The HIV Modeling Consortium estimated the death toll from HIV in sub-Saharan Africa at 14,872 adults and 1,582 children in the one month after Trump's January 2025 funding freeze.[323][324]

A key controversy is whether or not waivers are being made and money actually starting to flow again for the most essential programs.[320] For example, the Associated Press reported on February 19, that waivers for PEPFAR, the program that has saved 26 million lives from AIDS, were not in force, despite a federal judge having lifted the funding freeze.[325]

In February 2025, it was reported that the USAID director of security and a deputy were put on administrative leave after they "blocked efforts by DOGE members to physically access restricted areas" in order to obtain sensitive information. The DOGE members did eventually gain access to the information, which reportedly included email as well as classified information for which they did not have security clearance. And they obtained the ability to lock USAID staff out. Musk had earlier tweeted "USAID is a criminal organization" and that it is "Time for it to die."[326]

USAID staff were instructed to keep away from USAID headquarters while hundreds of USAID staff lost access to USAID computer systems.[317]

There have been reports that China has offered to take over development projects if the United States permanently leaves.[327][328] For example, in early February, China pledged about $4 million in extra money toward mine clearance in Cambodia.[329]

During a February 6 press conference, Secretary of State Marco Rubio stated, "If it's providing food or medicine or anything that is saving lives and is immediate and urgent, you're not included in the freeze. I don't know how much more clear we can be than that."[330]

However, a February 8 CNN article reported that many waivers were not being acted upon because of staff placed on leave, plus payment systems had been taken over.[330]

On February 7, federal judge Carl Nichols, whom Trump nominated in his first term, delayed the placing of 2,200 employees on administrative leave and ordered access to their email accounts restored.[331][332] He later extended this pause.[333] On February 21, Judge Nichols decided not to delay the layoffs any longer, citing the alternate avenue of regular employment law.[334]

In an interview before the February 9 Super Bowl, Trump said, "Let him take care of the few good ones," referring to Rubio.[332] Rubio's waivers, however, were not in effect.[335]

On February 13, federal judge Amir Ali ordered the Trump administration to continue contracts and grants which were in effect January 19.[336] Chief Justice John Roberts, overseeing cases for the District of Columbia, paused this order.[337][338] On March 5, the Supreme Court ruled 5–4 that the Trump administration must comply with Judge Ali's order.[339][340][341]

However, the Supreme Court added that Judge Ali must clarify what obligations the government must meet with “due regard for the feasibility of any compliance timelines.”[339]

On March 10, Judge Ali ruled that the Trump administration must pay for completed projects at the rate of 300 back payments a day, meaning four days for all 1,200 back payments, and this being for projects completed by February 13.[342][343] A March 11 ABC News article reported that, until recently, no payments were being made because DOGE had disabled the payment system.[343]

Secretary of State Marco Rubio announced on March 10, 2025 that the Trump administration had cancelled around 5,200 of the 6,200 USAID programs, after a six-week review, and that the remaining 1,000 programs would be transferred to the Department of State.[344] On March 11, USAID acting executive secretary Erica Carr wrote that USAID was "clearing our classified safes and personnel documents", instructing colleagues to shred or burn the documents.[345][346]

In mid-March, it was reported that a memo was circulating regarding a re-focused (and re-named) USAID. Even such traditional goals such as equal rights for women and religious freedom are to be classified as “political” goals and are to be brought under direct State Department control. One stated goal is “countering global competitors including China.” As of March 20, this memo is still under review by Secretary of State Rubio.[347]

As of late March, DOGE no longer lists the details of canceled USAID contracts on its “Wall of Receipts” due to “legal reasons.” DOGE lists approximately $12 billion saved, although a former USAID analyst estimates the actual amount is closer to $6 or $7 billion.[348]

On March 28, current USAID executive Jeremy Lewin announced plans to wind-down USAID by July 1 “following congressional consultations.” Some employees will remain until September 2 to responsibly shut down the agency. The United States State Department will take over some of remaining functions.[349]

President Trump stated the U.S. will help in response to the March 28 earthquake in Myanmar, although the question was asked by a former USAID executive of whether or not the United States will beat other countries in getting there with a relief team(s).[350]

#### Federal funding freeze

[edit]

Main article: 2025 United States federal government grant pause

See also: Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974

On January 27, 2025, the Trump administration's Office of Management and Budget (OMB) released memo M-25-13, which ordered the federal government to take action the next day to "temporarily pause all activities related to obligation or disbursement of all federal financial assistance, and other relevant agency activities that may be implicated by [Trump's] executive orders, including, but not limited to, financial assistance for foreign aid, nongovernmental organizations, DEI, woke gender ideology, and the Green New Deal".[351] The memo continued that this would allow the Trump administration to "determine the best uses of the funding for those programs consistent with the law and [Trump's] priorities", while "Medicare or Social Security benefits" were exempted from being affected.[352] 2,600 federal programs were selected for review.[353] The memo sparked considerable uncertainty among government employees, lawmakers and nonprofit organizations.[354]

On January 28, 2025, the Medicaid payment portal shut down across the United States before returning online later that day; the Trump administration said that the shutdown was not related to the funding freeze.[355] Nonprofit organizations reported being unable to enter federal government systems to receive federal funds.[354] The OMB released an additional statement declaring several schemes (Medicaid, SNAP, "funds for small businesses, farmers, Pell grants, Head Start, rental assistance", student loans, and "any program that provides direct benefits to Americans") to be exempt from the federal funding freeze.[356][357] After several organizations sued, the OMB memo was blocked by United States District Judge Loren AliKhan before the freeze began, with the block to expire on February 3.[358]

On January 29, the OMB withdrew memo M-25-13, but White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt said that this did not nullify the federal funding freeze.[351] On February 1, after 22 states and the District of Columbia sued, District Judge John J. McConnell Jr. ordered the Trump administration to temporarily stop the federal funding freeze in those states, as "no federal law would authorize the executive's unilateral action here".[359][360] McConnell took action after concluding that the withdrawal of the "wide-ranging, all-encompassing, and ambiguous" OMB memo was "in name-only and may have been issued simply to defeat the jurisdiction of the courts".[361][362] On February 10, McConnell cited the suing states as providing "evidence" that the Trump administration "in some cases have continued to improperly freeze federal funds and refused to resume disbursement of appropriated federal funds", causing "irreparable harm to a vast portion of this country"; hence McConnell ordered the Trump administration to "immediately restore frozen funding".[363]

#### Response to judges

[edit]

After federal district judge Paul Engelmayer ruled in February 2025 to block DOGE from accessing United States Treasury payment systems, Trump responded that "no judge should, frankly, be allowed to make that kind of a decision", while Vance commented that "judges aren't allowed to control the executive's legitimate power."[364]

After multiple federal judges ruled against the Trump administration's actions, White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt in February 2025 denied that there was a "constitutional crisis taking place here at the White House", instead saying that the "judges are acting as judicial activists" and "the real constitutional crisis is taking place within our judicial branch."[365][366] Meanwhile, Musk proposed "an immediate wave of judicial impeachments".[367] In March 2025, when judge William Alsup ordered the Trump administration to rehire probationary federal government employees they had fired, with Alsup stating that firings needed to follow a lawful process, Leavitt declared Alsup's decision to be "absurd and unconstitutional", as she stated: "If a federal district court judge would like executive powers, they can try and run for President themselves".[311]

##### Deportation of Venezuelans under the Alien Enemies Act

[edit]

Main articles: March 2025 Venezuelan deportations and J.G.G. v. Trump

On March 15, 2025, the American Civil Liberties Union and Democracy Forward filed suit against the Trump administration in anticipation of Trump invoking the Alien Enemies Act of 1798, which Trump did later the same day.[368] Chief Judge James Boasberg of the US District Court for the District of Columbia issued a temporary restraining order that any foreigners in the Trump administration's custody could not be deported under the act, pending further judicial rulings in the legal case. Boasberg also made the verbal order: "Any plane containing these folks that is going to take off or is in the air needs to be returned to the United States".[369] Despite Boasberg's order, the Trump administration used three planes to deport around 250 people, alleged to be Venezuelan gang members, to El Salvador.[370] Amnesty International USA has stated that these flights are “yet another example of the Trump administration's racist targeting” of Venezuelans “based on sweeping claims of gang affiliation.”[371]

White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt stated, “The administration did not ‘refuse to comply’ with a court order.”[371] Leavitt expressed doubts about "whether a verbal order carries the same weight as a written order", while the Trump administration argued in court that "an oral directive is not enforceable as an injunction".[372] The Trump administration also stated that plane was already airborne and outside United States airspace.[371]

Trump border czar Tom Homan said that the Trump administration completed the deportations despite the court order, because Boasberg's order was made when the planes were above international waters after departing the United States; Homan also declared regarding deportations: "Another flight every day. [...] We are not stopping. I don't care what the judges think."[373] White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt said that Boasberg's order "had no lawful basis [...] A single judge in a single city cannot direct the movements of an aircraft carrier".[370]

Judge Boasberg gave the Trump administration until March 18 to provide details of the timing of the flights. He stated he would not issue another ruling until a hearing scheduled for March 21.[371] Trump criticized Boasberg as "crooked" and called for him to be impeached, leading John Roberts, the chief justice of the Supreme Court, to rebuke Trump, saying "impeachment is not an appropriate response to disagreement concerning a judicial decision".[374] Attorney General Pam Bondi said on March 19 regarding Boasberg: "this judge has no right to ask those questions" regarding details about the deportation flights, and has "no power" to order the Trump administration to stop the deportation flights, as Bondi declared that judges are "meddling in our government".[375]

### Healthcare

[edit]

See also: 2025 United States government online resource removals

On November 14, Trump announced that he would nominate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. for health secretary. This was controversial given Kennedy's repeated endorsement of anti-vaccine conspiracy theories, with the director of the American Public Health Association stating that Kennedy "already caused great damage in health in the country" and that he is also "a person without a health background".[376] In December, Trump revealed he was discussing ending childhood vaccination programs with Kennedy and promoted the scientifically disproven claim of a link between vaccines and autism.[377]

Upon election, the Trump administration ordered a freeze on all communications and reports from HHS and sub-agencies, unless approved by a political appointee.[378] On January 22, DHS announced that ICE would start arresting illegal immigrants in hospitals, if necessary.[266]

This section is an excerpt from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention § Second Trump administration.[edit]

In January 2025 it was reported that a CDC official had ordered all CDC staff to stop working with the World Health Organization.[379] Around January 31, 2025, several CDC websites, pages, and datasets related to HIV and STI prevention, LGBT and youth health became unavailable for viewing after the agency was ordered to comply with Donald Trump's executive order to remove all material of "diversity, equity, and inclusion" and "gender identity".[380][381] Shortly thereafter, the CDC ordered its scientists to retract or pause the publication of all research which had been submitted or accepted for publication, but not yet published, which included any of the following banned terms: "Gender, transgender, pregnant person, pregnant people, LGBT, transsexual, non-binary, nonbinary, assigned male at birth, assigned female at birth, biologically male, biologically female”.[382]

In January 2025, due to a pause in communications imposed by the second Trump administration at federal health agencies, publication of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) was halted, the first time that had happened since its inception in 1960. The president of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) called the pause in publication a "disaster." Attempts to halt publication had been made by the first Trump administration after MMWR published information about COVID-19 that "conflicted with messaging from the White House." The pause in communications also caused the cancellation of a meeting between the CDC and IDSA about threats to public health regarding the H5N1 influenza virus.[383]

On February 14, 2025, around 1,300 CDC employees were laid off by the administration, which included all first-year officers of the Epidemic Intelligence Service.[384] The cuts also terminated 16 of the 24 Laboratory Leadership Service program fellows, a program designed for early career lab scientist to address laboratory testing shortcomings of the CDC.[385] In the following month, the Trump administration quietly withdrew its CDC director nominee, Dave Weldon, just minutes before his scheduled Senate confirmation hearing on March 13.[386]

On February 18, Trump signed an executive order, that called for the policy recommendations for reducing the out-of-pocket costs of IVF and recommendations on removing any legislation that "exacerbate" the costs of IVF.[168][387] A fact sheet published by the white house also stated that the administration was going to look into expanding health care coverage for IVF.[388] On February 25, Trump signed an executive order to improve healthcare cost transparency.[389]

### Immigration

[edit]

Main articles: Immigration policy of the second Donald Trump administration and Mexico–United States border crisis § Second Trump administration (2025–present)

See also: Deportation in the second presidency of Donald Trump, Mexico–United States border wall § Second Trump administration (2025–present), and Activist deportations in the second Trump presidency

Kristi Noem, Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security

Trump has indicated intent to expand and revive immigration policies imposed during his first presidency, including a travel ban on Muslims, expulsion of asylum seekers by asserting that they carry infectious diseases, deputization of police officers and soldiers to assist Immigration and Customs Enforcement in mass deportations, and establishment of sprawling detention camps, according to The New York Times.[390] After his win, Trump said "there is no price tag" to carry out these deportations.[391]

On November 10, 2024, Trump announced that Tom Homan would be joining the incoming administration as the "border czar",[392] writing that "Homan will be in charge of all deportation of illegal aliens back to their country of origin."[393]

While border crossings reached record highs during the first half of the Biden presidency, they reached lower levels near the end of his term and continued into Trump's second presidency.[394]

Shortly after he became president on January 20, the Trump administration ended services for the app of CBP One and reinstated the national emergency at the southern border and reordered the armed forces to draft plans for deployment,[395][396] and declared actions to move towards labeling Mexican drug cartels as terrorist organizations.[397] Trump increased deportation authorities for the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, and the Marshals Service.[398] He gave ICE the power to deport immigrants who came to the United States legally under Biden administration programs,[399] and established daily deportation quotas to ICE offices.[400]

On January 22, 2025, Trump revoked guidance from 2011 prohibiting immigration arrests in sensitive areas such as courthouses, schools, churches, and hospitals, or during funerals and weddings.[401]

Trump also signed an executive order attempting to end birthright citizenship for children of unauthorized immigrants as well as immigrants legally but temporarily present in the United States. At least nine lawsuits have been filed challenged the order on constitutional grounds, and as of February 2025[update], four federal judges have issued preliminary injunctions blocking its implementation and enforcement nationwide.[402][403][404]

NPR reported that a "growing number" of Democrat and Republican officials in cities, states, police departments, school districts and other local governments stated they would not assist in migrant raids citing public safety, civil rights, and administrative capability concerns.[405]

On January 29, 2025, Trump signed the Laken Riley Act into law, the first legislation of his second term.[406][407] On the same day, he signed a presidential memorandum to begin expansion of the Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center to house up to 30,000 migrants under detention, separate from the high security military prison at Guantanamo Bay.

On February 6, 2025, U.S. Border Patrol Chief Michael W. Banks claimed that illegal border crossings were already down almost 90% since Trump's inauguration, and that criminal prosecutions of those apprehended were up more than 50%.[408] On February 25, 2025, Trump announced that the US would launch Gold Card residency permits for wealthy immigrants for a price of US$5 Million, with an estimated release near the end of March 2025.[409]

Trump deported 37,660 people during his first month in office.[410]

### LGBTQ rights

[edit]

See also: Social policy of the first Donald Trump administration § LGBTQ rights

In his 2024 campaign, Trump detailed a range of proposals aimed at reversing recent LGBTQ-related policies and reshaping federal guidelines on gender identity and transgender rights. He stated that on "day one", he would reverse the Biden administration's Title IX expansion, which protects transgender students' rights to use bathrooms, locker rooms, and pronouns that align with their gender identity. He also pledged to cut federal funding to schools promoting "critical race theory, transgender insanity, and other inappropriate racial, sexual, or political content".[411]

His proposed policies would significantly limit gender-affirming care, including calling for a federal ban on such care for minors and blocking Medicare and Medicaid funding for doctors providing gender-affirming services. Trump also proposed forbidding federal agencies from "promoting" gender transitions and plans to task the Justice Department with investigating potential long-term effects of gender-affirming treatments.[412]

In his inauguration speech, he stated "it will be the official policy of the United States government that there are only two genders, male and female".[413] Later that day, he issued an executive order, "Defending Women From Gender Ideology Extremism and Restoring Biological Truth to the Federal Government", that defines sex as binary. It does not include any exceptions for intersex people for whom a sex may not be clearly assigned at birth immediately.[414][415][416] As a consequence of the order, the State Department froze all applications for US passports with the non-binary 'X' marker and announced that passports would only reflect a person's sex assigned at birth.[417] Federal employees were ordered to adjust their email signatures to cease listing personal pronouns aligned with their gender identity.[418] In February, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission moved to dismiss six of its own pending cases alleging gender identity discrimination.[419]

Trump signed other orders:

* On January 27, "Prioritizing Military Excellence and Readiness" rescinded inclusion of transgender members of the US military.[420][421][422]
* On January 28, "Protecting Children from Chemical and Surgical Mutilation" threatened the federal funding of any medical institution that provides gender-affirming care for a person under 19.[423] (On February 13, however, a judge blocked it.)[424]
* On January 29, "Ending Radical Indoctrination in K–12 Schooling" threatened the federal funding of any school that recognizes a child's gender transition, including name or pronoun changes.[425]
* On February 5, "Keeping Men Out of Women's Sports" attempted to ban transgender women and girl athletes from participating in women's and girls' sports.[426]
* On February 6, "Eradicating Anti-Christian Bias" referred to certain recognitions of sexual orientation and gender identity as examples of "anti-Christian government".[427]

Trump ordered all DEI programs shut down by January 22, placed all employees of such programs on immediate leave, and demanded federal employees report on their colleagues attempting to "disguise these programs by using coded or imprecise language".[428] Trump rescinded Executive Order 11246 signed by former President Lyndon Johnson forbidding employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion and national origin, and establishing affirmative action.[429] He attempted to impose more restrictive "red state" social policies onto "blue states" by threatening to cut off federal funding in what was described as an escalation of a culture war.[430]

### Military

[edit]

In November 2024, Trump's transition team was reportedly compiling a list of military officials involved in the withdrawal from Afghanistan, and investigating whether they could be court-martialed. They were also considering creating a commission to investigate the withdrawal, including whether some officials could be eligible for treason.[431] During his campaign, Trump promised to use the military on American soil to fight "the enemy from within" which he described as "radical left lunatics" and Democratic politicians such as Adam Schiff.[432][433] Upon taking office, Trump was described as politicizing the military and introducing culture war topics.[434]

Charles Q. Brown Jr., who was originally nominated by Trump, became the first African American to lead a branch of the United States Armed Forces.[435] Trump abruptly dismissed Brown as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on February 21, 2025.[436] Trump subsequently announced that Brown would be replaced with John D. Caine.[437][438]

### Religion

[edit]

Trump's 2024 presidential campaign took on the symbols, rhetoric and agenda of Christian nationalism.[439] He wove Christian religious imagery into his ideology, characterizing it as a "righteous crusade" against "atheists, globalists and the Marxists".[440]

Trump has been critical of what he has characterized as a persecution of Christians.[441] On February 6, following the National Prayer Breakfast, he signed an executive order to create a task force to "immediately halt all forms of anti-Christian targeting and discrimination within the federal government, including at the DOJ, which was absolutely terrible, the IRS, the FBI — terrible — and other agencies."[442][443] Trump appointed Attorney General Pam Bondi to lead the task force and appointed Paula White to direct the White House Faith Office.[441]

### Science

[edit]

Many government web pages about gender and diversity, which were taken down before being restored by a court order, began showing a disclaimer about the administration's beliefs on sex and gender.[444]

In response to executive orders, there were freezes in scientific funding and purges of data related to LGBTQ issues, gender, climate change, and racial diversity.[445][446] There were also mass firings across federal scientific agencies.

The National Science Foundation (NSF) ceased paying out its grants to researchers leaving many without a salary.[447] Grant review panels—in which scientists decide which research proposals will receive funding—were paused to review whether projects supported potentially banned activities such as increasing diversity among scientists, international collaborations, or research into environmentally-friendly technology.[448] After a court order on February 2, the NSF funds were unfrozen, though the review panels were still paused.[449] On February 4, 2025, the NSF announced that it would lay off 25% to 50% of its workforce.[450] Ten percent of NSF staff (168 employees) were fired on February 18.[451][452] The firings were aimed at probationary employees (those who had held their positions for less than a year), but some of the laid off employees included those with over a year of experience who were unknowingly reclassified in January by the Office of Personnel Management and others who were permanent staff.[452]

The Trump administration ordered a suspension of National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant funding on January 27, which froze much of its $47 billion budget.[453] The order was blocked by courts after legal challenges but continued when the government exploited a loophole in which they refused to publish the agency's meeting plans in the Federal Register.[453] The NIH announced on February 7 that it would cap support for indirect costs in grants to institutions at 15% of a grant's value.[454] Indirect costs cover expenses that are not directly related to research but are necessary to support it, such as rent for facilities, utilities like heat and electricity, or janitorial and administrative staff.[455][456] Indirect costs typically range from 30% to 70%, and the cuts represent "tens to hundreds of millions of dollars" in lost funding for research institutes that could lead to layoffs, hiring freezes, and ending research projects.[456] The cuts had previously been outlined in Project 2025 to combat what it characterized as subsidies for "leftist agendas" and diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts.[454][455] In response, 22 state attorneys general filed a lawsuit and the cuts were paused on February 10.[457] The NIH fired 1,000 to 1,200 workers on February 15.[458] The cuts have led to universities pausing or reducing admissions for graduate biomedical research and medical school programs and hiring of postdoctoral researchers, and the NIH cancelling undergraduate internships and postbaccalaureate programs.[459][460] Reports in mid-March stated that the NIH was expected to fire 3,400 to 5,000 people from its 20,000 person workforce.[461]

The Center for Disease Control's (CDC) social vulnerability index and environmental justice index, which measured disparities in health risks, were removed from the organization's website, and on January 31, the data portal was taken completely offline in response to Executive Order 14168, which mandated that federal agencies use "sex" instead of "gender" and that they only recognize male and female sexes.[445] AtlasPlus, an interactive CDC tool for tracking diseases such as HIV, hepatitis, sexually transmitted infections, and tuberculosis, was taken down.[462] Census web pages about sexual identity and orientation were taken offline, and CDC pages about HIV and LGBTQ+ youth also disappeared.[463] According to The Atlantic, the Trump administration targeted and replaced keywords in CDC content, including "pregnant people, transgender, binary, non-binary, gender, assigned at birth, binary [sic], non-binary [sic], cisgender, queer, gender identity, gender minority, anything with pronouns".[462] About 750 CDC employees were fired over the weekend of February 15 with leadership stating that 10% (1,300) would be notified of their termination.[458] The Food and Drug Administration purged online material on clinical trial diversity that encouraged drug developers to test the effects of medical treatments on different populations.[464]

After a court order, many web pages were restored. The administration added a disclaimer to the websites stating its belief that sex is binary and opposition to what it terms "gender ideology".[444]

Layoffs at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) began on February 27, 2025 when 880 employees (approximately 5% of the organization) were fired.[465] The administration stated that no critical employees such as National Weather Service (NWS) meteorologists were cut, though a source within the NWS reported to CBS News that meteorologists were included in the layoffs.[466]

In some cases, the government attempted to rehire scientists. Members of the technical staff at the Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, which oversees the nuclear arsenal, were fired on February 13; attempts to contact them for rehiring failed because their emails had been disconnected.[457][467] The Department of Agriculture fired several scientists working on the ongoing avian flu outbreak over the same weekend and attempted to rehire them.[468] Members of the CDC's Epidemic Intelligence Service were told their positions were eliminated, but the decision was reversed after an outcry.[467]

On March 31, An open letter for the American people was published, warning the danger of attacks on science from the Trump administration, including threats to universities, federal grant cancelations and ideological funding reviews, mass federal government layoffs, resignations and censorship.[469] It was signed by over 1,900 scientists of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine.[469] The letter stated "We see real danger in this moment, [...] We hold diverse political beliefs, but we are united as researchers in wanting to protect independent scientific inquiry. We are sending this SOS to sound a clear warning: the nation’s scientific enterprise is being decimated. [...] If our country’s research enterprise is dismantled, we will lose our scientific edge. [...] The damage to our nation’s scientific enterprise could take decades to reverse."[469][470]

### Social Security

[edit]

On March 18, 2025, the Social Security Administration said that they would be implementing tighter identity verification requirements starting March 31.[471][472] On March 26, the implementation date was pushed to April 14. The policy requires individuals to appear in-person at a field office when applying for retirement benefits, survivors benefits, or auxiliary benefits if they are unable to apply online, removing the option to verify identity by telephone.[473]

Applications for SSDI, Medicare, or SSI are exempted from in-person verification requirements, along with benefits applicants subject to extreme situations "such as terminal cases or prisoner pre-release scenarios."[473] This new policy comes at a time the Trump administration is closing some field offices and laying off some Social Security employees.[474]

## Foreign policy

[edit]

Main article: Foreign policy of the second Donald Trump administration

Trump with Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba at the White House on February 7, 2025 Trump with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the White House on February 13, 2025

Trump's second term foreign policy was described as a mixture of both imperialist and expansionist policies.[475][476][477][478] He engaged in a realist and isolationist "America First" foreign policy agenda.[479][480] His relations with allies were transactional and ranged from indifference to hostility, and he threatened them with economic tariffs or annexation.[481][482] He was described as taking the side of Russia in the Russian invasion of Ukraine,[481][482][483] and overseeing a rupture of the post-1945 rules-based liberal international order and abandonment of multilateralism.[484][479][480]

Trump, historians, and commentators frequently compared his foreign policy to former President William McKinley in relation to expansionism and tariffs.[485][486][487] Michael Klare wrote that containing the influence of China and preventing the rise of any rival power is the central foreign policy objective of the Trump administration, comparing Trump's approach to the Wolfowitz Doctrine.[488] Trump has attempted to deepen the U.S.-India partnership.[489]

### Global response

[edit]

A combination of American allies, enemies, and critics have responded to comments and actions of the second Trump administration.[490] Countries like Canada, Germany, United Kingdom, Denmark and Finland are warning their citizens about traveling to the U.S. as they can be detained without warning.[491][492][493][494][495]

#### India

[edit]

India rejected Trump's offer to mediate India-China tensions.[496]

On February 13, 2025, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi became the fourth world leader to visit Donald Trump at the White House.[497]

#### European Union

[edit]

On February 10, 2025, the president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, released a statement in response to proposed actions by President Trump, that they "will not go unanswered—they will trigger firm and proportionate countermeasures".[498]

### Allies

[edit]

#### Paris meeting

[edit]

European leaders in Paris on February 17, 2025 Trump with French President Emmanuel Macron at the White House on February 24, 2025 Trump with Polish President Andrzej Duda on February 22, 2025

French president Emmanuel Macron and other World leaders became increasingly worried by the actions and rhetoric coming from the Trump administration and on February 15, 2025 called for an emergency summit of European leaders in Paris, France on February 17, 2025.[499]

Among the attendees at the Paris meeting on the 17th February joining Macron were: British prime minister Keir Starmer, German chancellor Olaf Scholz, Italian prime minister Giorgia Meloni, Polish prime minister Donald Tusk, Spanish prime minister Pedro Sanchez, Dutch prime minister Dick Schoof, Danish prime minister Mette Frederiksen, Secretary General of NATO Mark Rutte, European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen and European Council president Antonio Costa.[500]

#### Munich security conference

[edit]

Main article: 61st Munich Security Conference

Polish foreign minister Radosław Sikorski stated about Trump, "President Trump has a method of operating which the Russians call razvedka boyem —reconnaissance through battle: You push and you see what happens, and then you change your position. ... And we need to respond".[499]

President Zelenskyy of Ukraine stated at the conference "...decades of the old relationship between Europe and America are ending. From now on, things will be different, and Europe needs to adjust to that,"[501]

NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte announced during the 61st Munich Security Conference that alliance members would need to increase their military spending to "considerably more than 3 percent" of their national GDP. This statement came in response to calls from the Trump administration for members to reach 5% of GDP in defence expenditure.[502]

#### Shift in European defence policy

[edit]

During the 2020s, there was a significant shift in European defense policy, particularly accelerating in 2025 due to geopolitical policy shifts during Donald Trump's second presidency. On March 2, British Prime Minister Keir Starmer hosted the 2025 London Summit on Ukraine with 18 world leaders, in order to coordinate support for Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The summit followed a meeting between Zelenskyy and Trump at the White House on February 28, 2025.[503] On March 4, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen proposed ReArm Europe, a five-point plan to boost defence spending by up to €800 billion, including €150 billion in loans to EU member states. This came a day after Trump halted all military aid to Ukraine.[504]

### Trade and tariffs

[edit]

Main article: Tariffs in the second Trump administration

Trump has said he will establish External Revenue Service to collect tariffs.[505] In February 2025, Trump announced tariffs on goods from Mexico, Canada and China, and acknowledged that U.S. consumers may feel "short-term" pain as a result.[506] The 10% Chinese tariffs went ahead, while North American tariffs were paused for 30 days. On March 4, the administration imposed 25% tariffs on Mexico and Canada (with a lower 10% tariff on Canadian energy) and an additional 10% tariff on China, for a total of 20%.[507] China and Canada responded immediately with retaliatory tariffs, while Mexican president Claudia Sheinbaum stated their tariffs would be announced on March 9.[508]

### Expansionism

[edit]

Main article: American expansionism under Donald Trump

In the lead-up to his second inauguration, Trump proposed plans and ideas that would expand the United States' political influence and territory.[509] It has been characterized as a revival of the Monroe Doctrine.[510] The last territory acquired by the United States was in 1947 when the Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall Islands were acquired.

#### Canada

[edit]

See also: Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States § Proposals to annex Canada by President Donald Trump

Trump has said he will impose a 25% tariff on all goods from Canada in an effort for the Canadian government to stop what in his view is an illegal migration crisis and drug crisis on the Canada–United States border.[511] Canadian officials have responded by threatening the United States with retaliatory tariffs, and have even proposed cutting off the supply of Canadian energy into the Northern United States.[512] Peter Navarro, a trade envoy and high-ranking Trump official, has suggested expelling Canada from the Five Eyes intelligence alliance to increase pressure in the trade war.[513]

Trump has repeatedly stated his desire for the United States to annex Canada and calling for it to become the 51st state.[514] He has taunted Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau, calling him "Governor of the Great State of Canada".[515] Trudeau stated to business leaders in Canada that he believes the annexation threats are a "real thing."[516] The strained relations have led to a "Buy Canadian" movement[517] and booing of the American national anthem during hockey games in Canada.[518] When tariffs were implemented on March 4, Trudeau stated that Trump's goal in the trade war was to weaken Canada in order to annex it.[519]

#### Greenland

[edit]

See also: Proposals for the United States to purchase Greenland

In December 2024, Trump stated a further proposal for the United States to purchase Greenland from Denmark, describing ownership and control of the island as "an absolute necessity" for national security purposes. This builds upon a prior offer from Trump to buy Greenland during his first term, which the Danish Realm refused, causing him to cancel his August 2019 visit to Denmark.[520][better source needed] On January 7, 2025, Trump's son Donald Trump Jr. visited Greenland's capital city Nuuk alongside Charlie Kirk to hand out MAGA hats.[521] At a press conference the following day, Trump refused to rule out military or economic force to take over Greenland or the Panama Canal.[522] However, he did rule out military force in taking over Canada.[522] On January 14, the Trump-affiliated Nelk Boys also visited Nuuk, handing out dollar bills to locals.[523] On January 16, the CEOs of major Danish companies Novo Nordisk, Vestas and Carlsberg among others were assembled for a crisis meeting in the Ministry of State to discuss the situation.[524][525] On the subsequent day, former chief executive Friis Arne Petersen in the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs described the situation as "historically unheard of", while Noa Redington, special adviser to former prime minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt, compared the international pressure on Denmark that during the 2005 Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy.[526] On February 12, 2025, a bill was introduced in Congress to advance efforts to acquire Greenland and rename it Red, White, and Blueland.[527]

#### Panama Canal

[edit]

In 2024, Trump demanded that Panama return control of the Panama Canal to the United States due to 'excessive rates' being charged for American passage.[528] The United States previously was in control of the Panama Canal Zone from 1903 until 1999, and has invaded Panama before in 1989.[529][530]

Trump told Congress in March 2025 that his "administration will be reclaiming the Panama Canal."[531] Also that month, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth instructed the Trump administration to "immediately" present "credible military options to ensure fair and unfettered US military and commercial access to the Panama Canal".[532]

#### Gaza Strip

[edit]

Main article: Potential American ownership of the Gaza Strip

‘Trump Gaza’ AI-generated video posted by Trump on Truth Social

In February 2025, Donald Trump made claims about the Gaza Strip and his desire to "own it" and "take over" the area after a forceful removal of the Palestinian citizens of Gaza, which has been the center of the Gaza War between Israel and Hamas-led militant groups.[533] The comments received quick condemnation from the global community as the systematic and forced removal of a people from a place would be considered ethnic cleansing, which is a crime against humanity under the statutes of the International Criminal Court (ICC).[534]

To the shock and anger of much of the global community, Trump further insinuated that Gaza was prime real estate and stated, "I don't want to be a wise guy, but [the United States would make Gaza] the Riviera of the Middle East."[535] On February 25, Trump posted a short AI-generated video to Truth Social, portraying a future "riviera" there.[536]

Trump also asserted that the Palestinians would have no right to return under his plan for Gaza.[537] He had threatened Egypt and Jordan to withdraw aid, pushing the two countries to accept Palestinians living in the Gaza Strip. Arab nations united against Trump’s proposal, saying it was “unacceptable”. The united front included Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Qatar.[538][539] Egypt’s Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty’s said there was "Arab consensus" of a rejection of a plan of displacement of Palestinians.[540] However, the UAE Ambassador to the US, Yousef Al Otaiba exposed the Arab front’s weakened position, stating that the Arab nations had no alternative proposal to the one already existing. Otaiba also suggested the UAE’s contradictory stance, stating that they were “happy to discuss” Trump’s proposal and find a common ground.[541]

Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, made a statement that it was "the only viable plan to enable a different future."[542]

On February 21, 2025, after opposition from Arab states, Trump said he would "recommend" but not enforce his plan for the US takeover of Gaza and the resettlement of the Palestinian population.[543][544] On 12 March 2025, Trump said "nobody is expelling any Palestinians", signaling a change in his previous stance.[545]

### Russia and Ukraine

[edit]

See also: United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine

Ukrainian and US delegations meet at the 2025 Munich Security Conference

Trump's presidency marked a reversal of Biden's policy towards Ukraine and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 12 February 2025, at the first meeting of the Ukraine Defense Contact Group after Trump was inaugurated, new US Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth said a return to Ukraine's pre-2014 borders was "an unrealistic objective" and that attempting to regain all territory "will only prolong the war". He said that Ukraine must have "robust security guarantees", but that the "United States does not believe that NATO membership for Ukraine is a realistic outcome of a negotiated settlement". The US expects Europe to provide more financial and military assistance for Ukraine, while the US concentrates on its own security. Hegseth said that no US troops would be deployed as peacekeepers to Ukraine.[546][547]

Later that day Trump said he held a "highly productive phone call" with Russian president Vladimir Putin and agreed to "have our respective teams start negotiations immediately". They also agreed to visit each other's countries.[548] Trump also held a phone call with President Zelenskyy, who said: "Together with the US, we are charting our next steps to stop Russian aggression and ensure a lasting, reliable peace".[548] Trump denied keeping Zelensky out of the peace process.[549] Trump expressed hope that China would help the US end the Russia-Ukraine war.[550]

Ukraine and its European allies were alarmed by Trump unilaterally opening negotiations with Putin and apparently giving concessions to Russia.[551] Zelenskyy said that Ukraine would not accept an agreement made without it, while Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha said: "Nothing can be discussed on Ukraine without Ukraine".[551] John Bolton, Donald Trump's national security adviser during his first presidency, said:

> "Trump has effectively surrendered to Putin before the negotiations have even begun ... The positions that Defense Secretary Hegseth announced ... constitute terms of a settlement that could have been written in the Kremlin".[552]

The following day, Hegseth seemed to backtrack on his remarks and said that "everything is on the table" for negotiations.[553] On February 16, Marco Rubio stated that Ukraine and Europe would be part of any "real negotiations" to end the war.[554] Trump said on the same day that Ukrainian President Zelenskyy "will be involved".[555]

U.S., Saudi, and Russian officials meeting in Riyadh, February 18, 2025

On February 18, 2025, American and Russian delegations met in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to discuss a framework for negotiations on ending Russia's war in Ukraine. No Ukrainians were invited. The Russian side was headed by Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, while the US side was headed by Marco Rubio, who was accompanied by U.S. national security advisor Michael Waltz and Trump's special envoy Steve Witkoff.[556] Witkoff said he had developed a "friendship and relationship" with Putin during a secret trip to Moscow.[557]

On February 21, Trump said that Russia attacked Ukraine, but Zelenskyy and Biden should had taken steps to prevent it, instead of them having "let" Putin attack.[558] He also said that Zelenskyy and Putin should negotiate an end to the war to prevent further killings of young soldiers and the deaths of "millions" of people.[559] According to Rubio, Trump wanted to know if Russia is serious about ending the war, and "the only way is to test them, to basically engage them and say, 'Okay, are you serious about ending the war? And if so, what are your demands? Are your public demands and your private demands different?'"[559]

Politico Europe reported in March 2025 that Trump's senior aides had covertly met Zelenskyy's Ukrainian political rivals, Yulia Tymoshenko and senior members of Petro Poroshenko's political party, as the Trump aides wanted to review the possibility of soon holding presidential elections in Ukraine, with the aim of ousting Zelenskyy.[560]

#### Proposed minerals deal

[edit]

It was reported on 17 February 2025 that the Trump administration had asked for the US to be given ownership of half of Ukraine's mineral and oil resources, as "payment" for US support.[561] Several days earlier, Trump had said:

> "They [Ukraine] may make a deal. They may not make a deal. They may be Russian someday, or they may not be Russian someday. But I want this money back".[562]

The Ukrainians did not sign the agreement. Although Zelenskyy had offered the US a stake in Ukraine's resources for continued support, he reportedly rejected the proposal because it did not offer Ukraine security guarantees.[561][563] Zelenskyy said he was prepared to work on a "serious document" if it contained security guarantees, but said he could not "sell Ukraine away".[564] According to The Telegraph, "Trump's demands would amount to a higher share of Ukrainian GDP than reparations imposed on Germany at the Versailles Treaty".[562] On February 20, national security adviser Mike Waltz said that "Trump is obviously very frustrated" with Zelenskyy for not being "willing to take this opportunity that we have offered" with the minerals deal.[565]

#### Comments on Ukraine's leadership

[edit]

On 18 February 2025, following the Riyadh meeting and Ukraine's rejection of the resources agreement, Trump seemingly blamed Ukraine for the Russian invasion. He said "You should have never started it. You could have made a deal".[566][567] He said that Ukraine should have new presidential elections, falsely claiming that president Zelenskyy's approval ratings were only 4%. This echoed Kremlin claims that the Ukrainian leader was illegitimate.[566][567] Zelenskyy replied that Trump was living in a Russian "disinformation bubble".[566][564] Recent polls found that 57% of Ukrainians trusted Zelenskyy.[564] The head of Ukraine's digital affairs ministry argued that Zelenskyy's ratings were actually 4–5% higher than Trump's.[564] Holding elections during an invasion would be almost impossible; Ukraine's constitution forbids elections during martial law; all parties in Ukraine's parliament agreed to put off elections until after the war;[567] and polls show that few Ukrainians want an election in the midst of an invasion.[567]

On February 19, 2025, Trump wrote on social media that Zelenskyy was a "Dictator without Elections".[568] Vice President Vance warned Zelenskyy not to be "badmouthing" Trump.[569]

Trump's comments were criticized by many US allies.[569] British Prime Minister Keir Starmer said that Zelenskyy is Ukraine's "democratically elected leader" and it is "perfectly reasonable" for Ukraine to "suspend elections during wartime as the UK did during World War Two".[570] German Chancellor Olaf Scholz called Trump's comments "false and dangerous".[569] Australia's Defence Minister Richard Marles replied that "the aggressor here is Russia".[569] Several of Trump's fellow Republicans in Congress also disagreed that Zelenskyy was a dictator or that Ukraine bore responsibility for Russia's invasion.[569] Another Trump ally, Reform UK leader Nigel Farage, disagreed with Trump's statements.[571]

#### 2025 Trump–Zelenskyy meeting

[edit]

Left to right: Zelenskyy, Trump, and Vance during the discussion

Main article: 2025 Trump–Zelenskyy meeting

On February 28, 2025, Donald Trump and Volodymyr Zelenskyy held a highly contentious, bilateral meeting televised live in the Oval Office at the White House in Washington, D.C..[572] It was to discuss continued U.S. support for Ukraine in repelling the ongoing Russian invasion of the country, and was expected to conclude with the signing of the Ukraine–United States Mineral Resources Agreement but however the meeting ended abruptly without a clear resolution.[573][574] During the meeting, Trump and vice president JD Vance repeatedly criticized Zelenskyy, at times drowning out his voice. The incident marked the first time in U.S. history that a sitting president openly verbally attacked a visiting head of state.[575][576]

Leading up to the meeting, there were tensions between the Trump administration and Zelenskyy's government. Trump wanted Ukraine to make concessions to Russia to swiftly end the war. He had begun talks with Russia without involving Ukraine, implied Zelenskyy was to blame for the Russian invasion, and called Zelenskyy a "dictator" for not holding elections during the war, something that was not legally possible due to martial law. Zelenskyy wanted strong security guarantees against future Russian aggression. He believed that without these, Russia's president Vladimir Putin would break any agreement, as he had before.[577][578][579]

The meeting was widely criticized for its fiery, confrontational, and antagonistic tone. Nearly all U.S. allies, along with other global figures, swiftly voiced their support for Zelenskyy following the confrontation,[580][581] with many issuing statements that appeared to rebuke Trump's confrontational approach.[582] In contrast, Russian officials praised the outcome of the meeting and directed criticism toward Zelenskyy.[583] In the U.S., reactions were divided along partisan lines with members of the Republican Party largely commending his conduct, with few exceptions, while members of the Democratic Party widely condemned it.[584][585] Within a week of the meeting, the Trump administration suspended provision of intelligence and all military aid to Ukraine.[586]

#### Other events regarding Russia

[edit]

In February 2025, Pam Bondi in her first day as United States Attorney General shut down Task Force KleptoCapture, an initiative by the United States Department of Justice which aimed to enforce sanctions and take actions (including confiscation of assets) against Russian oligarchs close to the Russian government; Bondi stated that the DOJ would instead prioritize actions against drug cartels.[587] Later in February 2025, Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth suspended offensive cyber operations by the United States Cyber Command against Russia.[588]

Also in February 2025, Trump called for Russia to be reinstated into the G7 to reform the G8, with Trump commenting that it was "a mistake to throw them out" and his belief that "Putin would love to be back".[589]

On February 27, 2025, Trump extended a series of sanctions against Russia over its invasion of Ukraine for one year.[590] A week later, Reuters reported that the White House had instructed the Department of State and the Department of the Treasury to identify sanctions against Russia that the Trump administration could withdraw.[591]

In March 2025, Russian government spokesman Dmitry Peskov said that the second Trump administration is "rapidly changing all foreign policy configurations … This largely aligns with our vision."[592]

## Ethics

[edit]

See also: First presidency of Donald Trump § Ethics

Trump's second presidency was described by political commentators as having fewer prohibitions on business activity and guardrails against potential conflicts of interest than his first, and for having more opportunities to directly influence Trump.[593][594] Trump repealed and rolled back anti-corruption efforts and ethical standards for himself and his allies, dropped corruption charges against political figures with ties to him, and fired inspectors generals investigating fraud and abuse. The New York Times described Trump as making up statistics "out of thin air", and for accusing government agencies and "anyone he disfavors of corruption and even criminality without proof".[595] His second presidency was described as breaking with decades of ethical norms.[596]

### Conflicts of interest

[edit]

Trump's second presidency included multiple potential conflicts of interest that did not exist during his first term in office, including a publicly traded company in Truth Social, a cryptocurrency venture, new overseas real estate deals involving state-affiliated entities, and several branding and licensing deals selling Trump-branded merchandise.[593]

His 2024 campaign was noted for an "unprecedented" mixing of personal business and political fundraising.[597] Trump promoted $59.99 bibles, $399 sneakers, $99 "Victory47" cologne, and $99 Trump-branded NFT digital trading cards for his personal, non-campaign accounts.[598][599] Trump's campaign was noted for spending large sums of campaign money at Trump-owned businesses, in particular his Mar-a-Lago resort and the Trump National Doral Miami.[600]

After winning the election, Trump mirrored his first term's ethics commitments and did not divest from his interests in branding and real estate. He also did not place his assets in a trust managed by an independent trustee.[601] Trump did not adopt his own formal ethics guidelines.[602] Trump transferred his shares of Truth Social into a trust in which he is the sole beneficiary, of which his oldest son is the trustee. Ethics experts described it as falling "well short of the blind trusts and divestitures from private business interests that other presidents have used to avoid ethical conflicts with their job". Trump's son, Eric Trump, said the Trump Organization would continue to pursue business deals overseas, dropping a self-imposed prohibition during Trump's first presidency.[594] Trump profited from holding events at his hotels and golf courses.[601] Trump's conflicts of interest were described as having national-security risks, with particular emphasis placed on relationships with the Saudi and Dubai governments through the Trump Organization and his son Jared Kushner's investment fund backed by the Saudis.[603]

Trump repealed ethics rules prohibiting executive branch employees accepting major gifts from lobbyists and two year bans on lobbyists seeking executive jobs and vice versa. Critics described the repeal as the opposite of his pledge to "drain the swamp".[604] Trump also signed an executive order to stop the Justice Department prosecuting Americans accused of bribing foreign government officials.[605]

Trump's wife, Melania, entered into a deal with Amazon to create a documentary about herself, which raised ethics concerns as it was made while she was still in office.[601]

Trump's cabinet were noted to have a large number of potential conflicts of interest, with the Campaign Legal Center finding over 467 that would require recusal, with the most, 106, belonging to Howard Lutnick.[602] Trump Media gifted 25,946 shares of stock of DJT to each of his picks for FBI director, Kash Patel, and education secretary nominee, Linda McMahon, totaling $779,400 each as of January 31, 2025. He also gifted thousands of shares to his son.[606]

#### Cryptocurrency memecoin

[edit]

On January 17, Trump launched, promoted, and personally benefited[604] from a cryptocurrency memecoin, $Trump, that soared to a market valuation of over $5 billion within a few hours—a total $27 billion diluted value—through a Trump-owned company called CIC Digital LLC, which owned 80 percent of the coin's supply.[607] Within two days, the $Trump coin became the 19th most valuable form of cryptocurrency in the world, with a total trading value of nearly $13 billion, and a total of $29 billion worth of trades based on a $64 value of each of the 200 million tokens issued by the afternoon of January 19. The New York Times reported that Trump affiliates controlled an additional 800 million tokens that, hypothetically, could be worth over $51 billion, potentially making Trump one of the richest people in the world. Trump also launched a new memecoin named after his wife, $Melania, and promoted it on Truth Social shortly before attending an inauguration rally. The crypto venture was criticized by ethics experts and government watchdogs.[608] The venture and the possibility of foreign governments buying the coin was highlighted as possibly violating the Constitution's foreign emoluments clause.[609]

## Elections during the second Trump presidency

[edit]

Congressional party leaders  | Senate leaders  | House leaders

|
|

Congress  | Year  | Majority | Minority | Speaker | Minority
119th | 2025–present | Thune | Schumer | Johnson | Jeffries
Republican seats in Congress Congress  | Senate  | House

|
|

119th[c] | 53 | 220

## Historical evaluations and public opinion

[edit]

### Evaluations

[edit]

Professor Christina Pagel mapped the first actions of the Trump administration in a Venn diagram that identifies "five broad domains that correspond to features of proto-authoritarian states". These five domains are: undermining democratic institutions and the rule of law, dismantling federal government; dismantling social protections and rights, enrichment and corruption; suppressing dissent and controlling information; attacking science, environment, health, arts and education; aggressive foreign policy and global destabilization.[610]

Journalist Martin Sandu and authoritarian politics researcher Alex Norris described the maximalist interpretation of executive power in Donald Trump's second term as President, including sweeping executive orders, the federal funding freeze, actions against political opponents and the media, pardons of those involved in the 2021 attempted self-coup, the actions of Elon Musk's so-called Department of Government Efficiency, and the like as an attempted self-coup.[611][612]

Political scientist Lee Morgenbesser argued the actions of DOGE are a form of state capture.[613]

### Public opinion

[edit]

Main articles: Opinion polling on the second Donald Trump administration and United States presidential approval rating

Hands Off! Protest in Chico, California, in April 2025

Donald Trump began his second term with another historically low job approval rate, only improving on the lowest rate, which he claimed in his first term, by three points.[614] President Trump began his first term at a 45% job approval, and begun with 47% for his second term. According to Gallup, "Trump remains the only elected president with sub-50% initial approval ratings".[614]

In a CBS News/YouGov poll conducted from February 5–7, 2025, Trump reached a career high poll rating of 53% in adults.[615]

For February 9–11, 2025, approval decreased by seven points in Adults, in the YouGov Approval Poll, at 46%. Additionally, approval was at 47% RV (Real Voters).[616]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Grover Cleveland became the first to do so following his win in the 1892 election.
2. ^ The NYT article links to an earlier tweet by chief Pentagon spokesman Sean Parnell refuting the very first NYT report, including a screen capture of it. It was originally published in the section "Trump Administration - Live updates," and titled "Musk Set to Get Access to Top Secret U.S Plan for Potential War With China."
3. ^ 17 days of the 119th Congress (January 3, 2025 – January 19, 2025) took place under President Biden.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "How many executive orders has Trump signed in 2025?: A look at the president's first month back in office". NBC New York. February 20, 2025. Retrieved March 22, 2025.
2. ^ Gamio, Lazaro. "Trump Tariffs: See Which Countries Have the Highest Rates". New York Times. Retrieved April 5, 2025.
3. ^ Melloy, John; Machael, Tanaya (April 6, 2025). "Dow futures fall 900 points as Trump tariff market collapse worsens". CNBC. Retrieved April 6, 2025.
4. ^ Ge Huang, Vicky; Hur, Krystal; Banerji, Gunjan (April 4, 2025). "Trump's Tariffs Wipe Out Over $6 Trillion on Wall Street in Epic Two-Day Rout". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 6, 2025.
5. ^ Lee, Matthew (March 11, 2025). "US resumes military aid and intelligence sharing as Ukraine says it is open to a 30-day ceasefire". The Associated Press. Retrieved March 14, 2025.
6. ^ Flegenheimer, Matt (November 9, 2016). "Donald Trump Is Elected President in Stunning Repudiation of the Establishment". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 21, 2017. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
7. ^ "The 58th Presidential Inauguration: Donald J. Trump, January 20, 2017". United States Senate. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
8. ^ Burgat, Casey (January 21, 2025). "The Steep Price of Trump's Executive Orders". Time. Archived from the original on January 21, 2025. Retrieved February 16, 2025.
9. ^ Brooks, Brad; Borter, Gabriella (January 19, 2021). "Trump fraud claims open Republican rift in Texas and other red states". Reuters. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
10. ^ Carney, Jordain; Chalfant, Morgan (January 13, 2021). "Security concerns mount ahead of Biden inauguration". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
11. ^ Fandos, Nicholas; Shear, Michael D. (December 18, 2019). "Trump Impeached for Abuse of Power and Obstruction of Congress (Published 2019)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
12. ^ Breuninger, Kevin (June 22, 2022). "Trump had a direct role in plan to install fake electors. Key takeaways from the fourth Jan. 6 hearing". CNBC. Archived from the original on June 22, 2022. Retrieved July 29, 2022.
13. ^ Haberman, Maggie; Savage, Charlie; Broadwater, Luke (August 8, 2023). "Previously Secret Memo Laid Out Strategy for Trump to Overturn Biden's Win". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 9, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
14. ^ Chesebro, Kenneth (December 13, 2020). "Brief notes on 'President of the Senate' strategy". Politico. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
15. ^ "John Eastman's second memo on 'January 6 scenario'". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
16. ^ Swan, Betsy Woodruff; Cheney, Kyle (March 30, 2022). "Inside Pence-world's preparation for a Jan. 6 legal showdown". Politico. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
17. ^ Glantz, Aaron; The Center for Investigative Reporting (January 6, 2021). "Read Pence's full letter saying he can't claim 'unilateral authority' to reject electoral votes". PBS NewsHour. Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
18. ^ Bump, Philip (November 18, 2025). "Trump's 2024 'mandate' isn't as robust as Biden's was in 2020". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 18, 2025.
19. ^ Woolley, John T. and Peters, Gerhard, Eds. "Presidential Election Margin of Victory". The American Presidency Project (University of California). November 6, 2024. Archived from the original on March 29, 2025.
20. ^ Watson, Kathryn (November 15, 2022). "Trump announces he's running for president again in 2024". CBS News. Archived from the original on November 16, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
21. ^ Orr, Gabby; Holmes, Kristen; Stracqualursi, Veronica (November 16, 2022). "Former President Donald Trump announces a White House bid for 2024". CNN. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
22. ^ Vakil, Caroline (March 12, 2024). "Trump clinches GOP nomination". The Hill. Archived from the original on March 14, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
23. ^ Herman, Alice (July 15, 2024). "Donald Trump formally nominated to be Republican presidential candidate". The Guardian. Archived from the original on July 15, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
24. ^ Wren, Adam (November 6, 2024). "Donald Trump flips Wisconsin". Politico. Archived from the original on November 6, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
25. ^ Yilek, Caitlin (November 6, 2024). "Trump wins Wisconsin, clinching presidency, CBS News projects. See the county-by-county results". CBS News. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
26. ^ Watkins, Ali (November 6, 2024). "Trump Is Not the First President to Come Back From Defeat". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 6, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
27. ^ a b Tucker, Brianna (November 6, 2024). "The historic firsts of the 2024 election". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 6, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
28. ^ Brooks, Emily (November 11, 2024). "Republicans win House, delivering Trump a trifecta". The Hill. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
29. ^ Swan, Jonathan; Haberman, Maggie; Savage, Charlie (August 16, 2024). "Well Behind Schedule, Trump Names Allies to Lead Transition Team". The New York Times. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
30. ^ Bensinger, Ken (October 9, 2024). "Trump Holds Up Transition Process, Skirting Ethics and Fund-Raising Rules". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 10, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
31. ^ Bensinger, Ken (November 9, 2024). "Trump Holds Up Transition Process Over Ethics Code". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 10, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
32. ^ Crowley, Kinsey (November 5, 2024). "When is Inauguration Day? What to know about the next president's swearing in". USA Today. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
33. ^ Henderson, Alex (January 21, 2025). "How John Roberts 'played a significant role' in Trump's return to White House". Alternet. Retrieved January 22, 2025 - via MSN.
34. ^ "The inauguration is moving indoors. Here's what to know about the changed plans". Associated Press. January 17, 2025. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
35. ^ Lipton, Eric (January 18, 2025). "Trump Begins Selling New Crypto Token, Raising Ethical Concerns". The New York Times. Retrieved January 18, 2025.
36. ^ Rein, Lisa (January 29, 2025). "How Trump is stretching laws to make the federal government more political". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved February 4, 2025.
37. ^ Pereira, Ivan (January 28, 2025). "Trump funding freeze a blatant violation of Constitution, federal law: Legal experts". ABC News. Retrieved February 4, 2025.
38. ^ Griffiths, Brent D. (November 13, 2024). "Trump's early Cabinet picks show how much he values loyalty in his second term". Business Insider. Retrieved December 22, 2024.
39. ^ Slattery, Gram; Ulmer, Alexander (November 11, 2024). "As Trump staffs up for second term, only MAGA loyalists need apply". Reuters. Retrieved December 22, 2024.
40. ^ Ball, Molly (December 17, 2024). "What Trump's Cabinet Picks Tell Us About His Agenda". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 24, 2024.
41. ^ Barrow, Bill (November 25, 2024). "Trump 2.0 has a Cabinet and executive branch of different ideas and eclectic personalities". Associated Press. Retrieved December 24, 2024.
42. ^ Charalambous, Peter; Romero, Laura; Kim, Soo Rin (December 17, 2024). "Trump has tapped an unprecedented 13 billionaires for his administration. Here's who they are". ABC News. Retrieved December 24, 2024.
43. ^ Barber, Rachel (November 21, 2024). "A billionaire presidential administration? Who Trump plans to nominate so far". USA Today. Retrieved December 24, 2024.
44. ^ Beaumont, Thomas; Linderman, Juliet; Mendoza, Martha (December 10, 2024). "Elon Musk warns Republicans against standing in Trump's way — or his". The Associated Press. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
45. ^ Hutzler, Amanda (November 21, 2024). "Trump team warns Republicans to support Cabinet picks or face primary funded by Musk". ABC News. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
46. ^ Miller, Maya C. (January 25, 2025). "Who Are the Three Republican Senators Who Voted Against Pete Hegseth?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
47. ^ Lee, Matthew; Madhani, Aamer; Colvin, Jill (January 25, 2025). "Loyalty tests and MAGA checks: Inside the Trump White House's intense screening of job-seekers". Associated Press.
48. ^ Shamim, Sarah (January 23, 2025). "What do Trump's executive orders on workplace diversity programmes say?". Al Jazeera.
49. ^ Hsu, Andrea (February 12, 2025). "Judge declines to block Trump administration's resignation offer to federal employees". NPR News. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
50. ^ Barrett, Devlin (February 10, 2025). "Fiery Directives Under Trump's Justice Dept. Signal a Significant Shift". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
51. ^ Nakashima, Ellen; Strobel, Warren P. (February 9, 2025). "U.S. intelligence, law enforcement candidates face Trump loyalty test". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
52. ^ Tau, Byron (January 22, 2025). "Trump's perceived enemies worry about losing pensions, getting audited and paying steep legal bills". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on January 23, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025. "Revenge played a central role in many of Trump's remarks after he left the presidency in 2021. He said at a 2023 rally, "For those who have been wronged and betrayed, I am your retribution." ... But hours after being sworn in, he issued executive orders aimed at settling scores, including the one stripping clearances from 50 former intelligence officers. He also rescinded Secret Service protection for Bolton, whose life has been threatened by Iran."
53. ^ Savage, Charlie; Haberman, Maggie; Swan, Jonathan; Gold, Michael (September 9, 2024). "Trump Steps Up Threats to Imprison Those He Sees as Foes". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 8, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
54. ^ Dreisbach, Tom (October 22, 2024). "Trump has made more than 100 threats to prosecute or punish perceived enemies". NPR. Retrieved March 25, 2025.
55. ^ Tau, Byron (January 22, 2025). "White House would have many ways to upend lives of Trump's enemies". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on January 22, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
56. ^ Kapur, Sahil (October 13, 2024). "'Totally illegal': Trump escalates rhetoric on outlawing political dissent and criticism". NBC News. Retrieved November 23, 2024.
57. ^ Folkenflik, David (October 21, 2024). "Could Trump's threats against news outlets carry weight if he wins the presidency?". NPR. Retrieved November 23, 2024.
58. ^ a b Schmidt, Michael S.; Mazzetti, Mark (January 21, 2025). "A Trump Executive Order Sets Out What Could Be a Road Map for Retribution". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 24, 2025. "The order is titled "Ending the Weaponization of the Federal Government", but it asserts that the Biden administration might have acted illegally and directs agencies to seek evidence."
59. ^ Mazaetti, Mark; Swan, Jonathan; Haberman, Maggie; Schmidt, Michael S. (January 28, 2025). "In Exacting Retribution, Trump Aims at the Future as Well as the Past". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 28, 2025. "In his first week in office, President Trump made clear that his promises to exact revenge on his perceived enemies were not empty campaign pledges — and that his retribution is intended not just to impose punishment for the past but also to intimidate anyone who might cross him in the future."
60. ^ a b Collinson, Stephen (January 28, 2025). "Trump sets about his retribution agenda with relish". CNN. Retrieved January 28, 2025. "The president is wasting no time in following through on his frequent campaign trail vows for retribution – with a torrent of purges and pardons."
61. ^ Lee, Matthew; Madhani, Aamer (January 23, 2025). "Trump revokes protections for former Secretary of State Pompeo and top aide threatened by Iran". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on January 23, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025. "It's another sign of steps Trump is taking just days into his return to the White House to target those he has perceived as adversaries."
62. ^ "Trump removes Anthony Fauci's federal security detail". CBS News. January 24, 2025. Retrieved January 24, 2025.
63. ^ Copp, Tara (January 29, 2025). "Defense secretary pulls Trump critic Gen. Milley's security clearance and protective detail". Associated Press News. Retrieved January 30, 2025.
64. ^ Bowman, Tom (January 29, 2025). "Hegseth strips Milley of his security detail, orders investigation into his conduct". NPR. Retrieved January 30, 2025.
65. ^ Stewart, Phil; Ali, Idrees (January 22, 2025). "At Pentagon, a missing portrait and fears of an upheaval". Reuters. Retrieved January 27, 2025.
66. ^ Cooper, Helen; Schmitt, Eric (January 20, 2025). "Portrait of General Milley Is Removed From Pentagon". The New York Times. Retrieved January 22, 2025.
67. ^ Toropin, Konstantin (January 21, 2025). "Mark Milley's Portrait Disappears from Pentagon on Trump's Inauguration Day". Military.com. Retrieved January 25, 2025.
68. ^ Tucker, Eric (January 21, 2025). "Trump moves to revoke clearances of ex-intel officials who signed letter on Hunter Biden laptop". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on January 23, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025. "The action is an early indication of the president's determination to exact retribution on perceived adversaries and is the latest point of tension between Trump and an intelligence community of which he has been openly disdainful."
69. ^ Thrush, Glenn; Kanno-Youngs, Zolan (March 14, 2025). "Trump to Deliver Speech to Justice Dept. After Triumph in Battles Against It". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 14, 2025. "The president could also unveil new steps to combat "weaponization" of the department, even as his officials use its powers to punish his enemies and reward his allies. ... In justifying nearly all of his actions, Mr. Bove has not introduced evidence of wrongdoing or incompetence."
70. ^ Yourish, Karen; Smart, Charlie (May 24, 2024). "Trump's Pattern of Sowing Election Doubt Intensifies in 2024". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 25, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2025. "Long before announcing his candidacy, Mr. Trump and his supporters had been falsely claiming that President Biden was 'weaponizing' the Justice Department to target him."
71. ^ Lowell, Hugo (January 24, 2025). "Trump enlists attorney general to investigate Biden administration". The Guardian. Retrieved January 24, 2025.
72. ^ Barrett, Devlin (January 20, 2025). "Trump Demands Search for Political Bias in Justice Dept., Other Agencies". The New York Times. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
73. ^ Vogel, Kenneth P.; Goldmacher, Shane (March 19, 2025). "With Orders, Investigations and Innuendo, Trump and G.O.P. Aim to Cripple the Left". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
74. ^ Rabinowitz, Hannah; Polantz, Katelyn; Reid, Paula (January 28, 2025). "Trump Justice Department fires officials who investigated Trump and launches 'special project' into January 6 cases". CNN. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
75. ^ Mallin, Alexander (February 5, 2025). "Bondi, as new AG, launches 'Weaponization Working Group' to review officials who investigated Trump". ABC News. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
76. ^ MacFarlane, Scott; Legare, Robert; Triay, Andres (February 4, 2025). "FBI agents sue Trump administration over Jan. 6 scrutiny as FBI discloses list of over 5,000 agents to DOJ". CBS News. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
77. ^ "Trump says he will fire some FBI agents who investigated January 6 attack". Reuters. February 7, 2025. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
78. ^ Ramey, Corinne; Gurman, Sadie (February 14, 2025). "Justice Department Moves to Drop Eric Adams Case After Wave of Resignations". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
79. ^ Ferré-Sadurní, Luis (February 13, 2025). "After Meeting With Trump's Border Czar, Adams Opens Rikers to ICE Agents". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
80. ^ Bromwich, Jonah E.; Fitzsimmons, Emma G.; McFadden, Alyce (February 14, 2025). "Adams Case Highlights: Justice Dept. Asks Judge to Dismiss Case, Capping Days of Drama". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
81. ^ Rashbaum, William K.; Rubinstein, Dana; Thrush, Glenn; Rothfeld, Michael; Bromwich, Jonah E. (February 10, 2025). "Push to Drop Adams Charges Reveals a Justice Dept. Under Trump's Sway". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
82. ^ Reid, Paula; Pazmino, Gloria (February 10, 2025). "Justice Department directs prosecutors to drop federal corruption case against New York City Mayor Eric Adams". CNN. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
83. ^ Halpert, Madeline; Wendling, Mike (February 13, 2025). "Flurry of resignations after DOJ tells prosecutors to drop Eric Adams case". BBC News. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
84. ^ "Rep. Vindman condemns letter from U.S. Attorney requesting business details".
85. ^ Beitsch, Rebecca (February 20, 2025). "US attorney launches probes into whether Schumer, Garcia made threats to justices, Musk". The Hill. Archived from the original on March 7, 2025. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
86. ^ Schlumpf, Heidi (March 7, 2025). "Trump's US attorney in DC fires salvo at Georgetown law school. Dean fires back". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
87. ^ VendeHei, Jim; Allen, Mike (February 26, 2025). "Behind the Curtain: Trump's media-control strategy". Axios. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
88. ^ Brodkin, Jon (January 23, 2025). "Trump's FCC chair gets to work on punishing TV news stations accused of bias". Ars Technica. Retrieved January 25, 2025.
89. ^ a b c Branigin, Anne (January 31, 2025). "Trump's FCC chief orders investigation into NPR and PBS sponsorships". The Washington Post.
90. ^ "Trump's FCC chief opens investigation into NPR and PBS". NPR. Retrieved March 9, 2025.
91. ^ Mullin, Benjamin (February 12, 2025). "F.C.C. Chair Orders Investigation Into Comcast's D.E.I. Practices". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
92. ^ Bauder, David (February 12, 2025). "White House bars AP reporter from Oval Office because of AP style policy on 'Gulf of America'". Associated Press News. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
93. ^ Barr, Jeremy (February 13, 2025). "Associated Press and the White House remain in standoff over access". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 14, 2025. Retrieved February 13, 2025.
94. ^ "AP reporter barred from White House over refusal to use 'Gulf of America'". France24. Agence France-Presse. February 12, 2025. Retrieved February 14, 2025.
95. ^ "White House correspondents protest access denial over 'Gulf of Mexico' naming issue". Reuters. February 12, 2025. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
96. ^ "AP reporter again barred from Oval Office over 'Gulf of America'". France24. Agence France-Presse. February 13, 2025. Retrieved February 14, 2025.
97. ^ Watson, Kathryn (February 14, 2025). "White House bars Associated Press from spaces like Oval Office and Air Force One". CBS News. Retrieved February 14, 2025.
98. ^ Pitas, Costas (February 19, 2025). "Trump restricts AP access over Gulf of Mexico issue". Reuters. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
99. ^ Folkenflik, David (February 26, 2025). "Trump White House seeks tighter grip on message with new limits on press". NPR. Retrieved March 9, 2025.
100. ^ a b c d e Lucas, Ryan (March 19, 2025). "Experts say Trump's targeting of law firms is unprecedented". NPR. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
101. ^ Scarcella, Mike; Merken, Sara; Sloan, Karen (March 21, 2025). "Law firm Paul Weiss defends deal with Trump as lawyers sound alarm". Reuters. New York, N.Y. Retrieved March 27, 2025. "[...] marked an unprecedented attack on their ability to do business."
102. ^ "Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Adresses Risks from Perkins Coie LLP". The White House. March 6, 2025. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
103. ^ "Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Addresses Risks from Paul Weiss". The White House. March 15, 2025. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
104. ^ a b Barrett, Devlin; Pager, Tyler (March 15, 2025). "Trump Expands Attacks on Law Firms, Singling Out Paul, Weiss". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
105. ^ Tribe, Megan; Wise, Justin (March 19, 2025). "Paul Weiss Fired by Cognizant Executive Over Trump Order". Bloomberg Law.
106. ^ Rubino, Kathryn (March 17, 2025). "Undeterred By Massive Court Loss, Trump Goes After Another Biglaw Firm". Above the Law. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
107. ^ Tucker, Eric (March 21, 2025). "White House rescinds executive order targeting prominent law firm". AP News. Retrieved March 21, 2025.
108. ^ Ahmadi, Ali Abbas (March 21, 2025). "Trump cancels executive order against law firm after $40m promise". BBC News. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
109. ^ a b c d Birnbaum, Michael (March 25, 2025). "Law firms refuse to represent Trump opponents in the wake of his attacks". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
110. ^ Cameron, Chris (March 28, 2025). "Trump Targets WilmerHale, Citing Law Firm's Connection to Robert Mueller". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 28, 2025.
111. ^ Durkin Richer, Alanna (March 12, 2025). "Judge temporarily blocks parts of Trump's executive order seeking to punish law firm Perkins Coie". AP News. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
112. ^ Lucas, Ryan (March 12, 2025). "Judge blocks Trump from enforcing 'chilling' order against law firm". NPR. Retrieved March 26, 2025.
113. ^ a b Schmidt, Michael S.; Goldstein, Matthew; Barrett, Devlin (March 28, 2025). "Law Firms Jenner & Block and WilmerHale Sue Trump Administration to Block Executive Orders". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 28, 2025.
114. ^ Barrett, Devlin (March 22, 2025). "With New Decree, Trump Seeks to Cow the Legal Profession". The New York Times. Washington, D.C. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
115. ^ Jacobs, Shayna (March 23, 2025). "New Trump memo seen as threat to lawyers, attempt to scare off lawsuits". The Washington Post. New York City. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
116. ^ Perez, Chris (March 23, 2025). "'Consistently violated the law': Trump slammed for using AG to issue memo targeting law firms". Law & Crime. Retrieved March 25, 2025.
117. ^ Rubino, Kathryn (March 17, 2025). "Trump Sics EEOC On 20 Biglaw Firms". Above the Law. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
118. ^ Barett, Devlin (March 25, 2025). "Trump Signs Executive Order Targeting New Law Firm, Jenner & Block". The New York Times. Washington, D.C. Retrieved March 27, 2025. "[...] singling out a firm where a former prosecutor who investigated him once worked as the White House pursues vengeance against the profession he blames for his legal troubles. [...] Mr. Trump's accusations against the firm range from the personal to the political, [...]"
119. ^ Scarcella, Mike (March 26, 2025). "Why target these law firms? For Trump, it's personal". Reuters. Washington, D.C. Retrieved March 27, 2025. "[...] his perceived grievance that an attorney linked to the firm has personally done him wrong. [...] 'The administration is going after law firms that the president perceives as having been hostile to him personally.'"
120. ^ Juana Summers (March 24, 2025). "Trump targets Big Law, and Big Law appears intimidated". Consider This (Podcast). NPR. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
121. ^ Rohde, David (March 24, 2025). "Trump targets lawyers who he says file 'frivolous' lawsuits against his administration". NBC News. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
122. ^ Scarcella, Mike; Goudsward, Andrew; Merken, Sara (March 22, 2025). "Trump targets lawyers in immigration cases, lawsuits against administration". Reuters. Washington, D.C. Retrieved March 27, 2025. "[...] said the new directive sought to 'chill and intimidate' lawyers who challenge the president's agenda."
123. ^ Stein, Shira (March 25, 2025). "As Trump ramps up law firm attacks, S.F. lawyers are starting to push back". San Francisco Chronicle. Washington, D.C.: Hearst Communications, Inc. Retrieved March 27, 2025. "'The law firms have to behave themselves, and we've proven that,' Trump told reporters Monday."
124. ^ President Trump (March 24, 2025). President Trump and the Governor of Louisiana Deliver Remarks. Official White House YouTube channel. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
125. ^ Rose, Neil (March 24, 2025). "Trump escalates attack on lawyers with disciplinary threat". Legal Futures. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
126. ^ "The ABA rejects efforts to undermine the courts and the legal profession". American Bar Association. March 3, 2025. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
127. ^ Cassens Weiss, Debra (March 25, 2025). "ABA, more than 50 bar associations condemn 'government actions that seek to twist the scales of justice'". ABA Journal. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
128. ^ Zaretsky, Staci (March 27, 2025). "Law School Deans Denounce Trump's Attacks On Biglaw Firms As Unconstitutional". Above the Law. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
129. ^ "21 attorneys general call on legal community to stand in 'defense of rule of law' in wake of president's actions". Ventura County Sun | Ojai Valley News. March 26, 2025. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
130. ^ Lat, David (March 27, 2025). "Skadden Associate Says Peers Have Role in Standing Up to Trump". Bloomberg Law. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
131. ^ Zaretsky, Staci (March 17, 2025). "Hundreds Of Associates Sign Open Letter Calling On Biglaw Leaders To 'Defend' The Legal Profession". Above the Law. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
132. ^ Zaretsky, Staci (March 21, 2025). "A Third-Year Skadden Associate Is The Only Person In Biglaw Willing To Publicly Condemn Trump's Threat To The Rule Of Law". Above the Law. Retrieved March 29, 2025.
133. ^ Peters, Jeremy W. (March 20, 2025). "How the G.O.P. Went From Championing Campus Free Speech to Fighting It". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
134. ^ Moore, Elena (March 7, 2025). "Trump administration cancels $400 million in federal dollars for Columbia University". NPR. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
135. ^ a b Diaz, Jaclyn (March 14, 2025). "Turmoil rocks Columbia University as Trump administration demands changes — or else". NPR. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
136. ^ "Letter to the leadership of Columbia University urging it to reject the Trump administration's ultimatum of 13 March 2025 and stand firm in defense of academic freedom & the university's independence". Middle East Studies Association. March 17, 2025. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
137. ^ "Joint Statement of AAUP Chapters Regarding the Ongoing Crisis at Columbia University". AAUP. March 20, 2025. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
138. ^ "Letter to President Katrina Armstrong and the Board of Trustees". BlueSky. March 20, 2025. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
139. ^ Quinn, Ryan. "Columbia AAUP Urges University to Reject Trump's Demands". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
140. ^ Eisgruber, Christopher L. (March 19, 2025). "The Cost of the Government's Attack on Columbia". The Atlantic. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
141. ^ Sarat, Austin (March 17, 2025). "Opinion: Trump's attack on Columbia requires an unprecedented response". MSNBC. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
142. ^ Enos, Ryan D.; Levitsky, Steven (March 14, 2025). "Opinion: First They Came for Columbia". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
143. ^ Rose, Andy (March 20, 2025). "Elite universities feel targeted as Trump administration expands immigration crackdown". CNN. Retrieved March 30, 2025.
144. ^ Kanno-Youngs, Zolan; Aleaziz, Hamed (March 12, 2025). "Inside Trump's Crackdown on Dissent: Obscure Laws, ICE Agents and Fear". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
145. ^ Goldstein, Dana (March 16, 2025). "Brown University Professor Is Deported Despite a Judge's Order". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
146. ^ Mackey, Robert (March 19, 2025). "French scientist denied US entry after phone messages critical of Trump found". The Guardian. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
147. ^ Tsui, Karina; Wolfe, Elizabeth (March 11, 2025). "Department of Education investigating 60 colleges and universities over antisemitism claims". CNN. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
148. ^ Lonas Cochran, Lexi (March 20, 2025). "Jewish scholars condemn cancellation of federal funding to Columbia". The Hill. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
149. ^ Singh, Kanishka (April 1, 2025). "Princeton's US grants frozen, follows Trump actions against other schools". Reuters. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on April 2, 2025. Retrieved April 2, 2025.
150. ^ a b Blinder, Alan; Hartocollis, Anemona (April 1, 2025). "Trump Pauses Dozens of Federal Grants to Princeton". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 2, 2025. Retrieved April 2, 2025.
151. ^ Rakich, Nathaniel (January 21, 2025). "No, Trump can't cancel the 2028 election. But he could still weaken democracy". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on January 24, 2025. Retrieved January 24, 2025. "He issued more executive orders on Day 1 than any previous president"
152. ^ "Executive Orders and Documents of the President (Trump)". The Federal Register. Retrieved February 15, 2025.
153. ^ "Joe Biden's Executive Orders". The Federal Register. Retrieved February 15, 2025.
154. ^ "How many executive orders has each president signed?". USAFacts. January 22, 2025. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
155. ^ Wootson, Cleve R. Jr. (January 21, 2025). "Trump's executive orders already face pushback, legal challenges". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
156. ^ Peterson, Matt (January 21, 2025). "Trump's New Executive Orders Show His Power—and His Limits". Barron's. Retrieved January 23, 2025. "President Donald Trump's first day back on the job began with what has been dubbed a shock and awe campaign, a burst of dozens of executive orders meant to jump-start his political and economic strategies."
157. ^ Popli, Nik (January 24, 2025). "Trump's Early Actions Mirror Project 2025". Time. Retrieved January 25, 2025.
158. ^ Tamari, Jonathan; Lee, Brandon (January 24, 2025). "Trump's Early Actions Mirror Project 2025 Plan He Once Dismissed". Bloomberg Government. Retrieved January 24, 2025. "In all, more than 30 out of Trump's 47 initial executive actions as of Thursday afternoon match or partially align with ideas promoted in Project 2025, the analysis found."
159. ^ Keith, Tamara; Martínez, A (February 12, 2025). "Trump and Musk appear together to defend the cost-cutting efforts of DOGE". NPR. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
160. ^ Walrath-Holdridge, Mary (July 17, 2024). "As Trump creates distance from Project 2025, conservative Agenda47 comes into focus". USA Today. Retrieved January 18, 2025. "Starting in 2022, Trump's official campaign began uploading a series of policy plans to its website, detailing how the Republican candidate plans to tackle some of the country's most pressing issues. Called Agenda47, the campaign materials paint a big picture of what Americans may expect under another Trump presidency."
161. ^ Durkee, Alison (January 17, 2025). "What Is Agenda47? What To Know About Trump's Policy Agenda Before His Inauguration". Forbes. Retrieved January 18, 2025. "Tangent. Since the last Agenda47 video was released in December 2023, Trump has announced other policy proposals separate from those released under the Agenda47 heading."
162. ^ Knowles, Hannah; LeVine, Marianne (April 8, 2024). "Trump says abortion should be left to states, does not endorse national limit". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 14, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
163. ^ Cortellessa, Eric (April 30, 2024). "How Far Trump Would Go". Time. Archived from the original on May 11, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
164. ^ Gold, Michael (April 10, 2024). "Trump Says He Wouldn't Sign a Federal Abortion Ban, Criticizing Arizona Ruling". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 4, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
165. ^ Kashinsky, Lisa; Messerly, Megan (October 1, 2024). "Trump vows to veto any federal abortion ban — after previously refusing to commit". Politico. Archived from the original on December 9, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
166. ^ Ollstein, Alice; Messerly, Megan (September 12, 2024). "Trump sells himself as a 'leader' on IVF, angering some Republicans". Politico. Archived from the original on November 11, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
167. ^ Shalan, Andrea; Singh, Kanishka (January 24, 2025). "Trump uses executive power to reinstate anti-abortion pacts". Reuters. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
168. ^ a b Superville, Darline; Price, Michelle L. (February 18, 2025). "Trump signs order to study how to expand IVF and calls for 'radical transparency' from government". Associated Press News. Retrieved February 18, 2025.
169. ^ Friedman, Lisa; Davenport, Coral; Swan, Jonathan; Haberman, Maggie (May 9, 2024). "At a Dinner, Trump Assailed Climate Rules and Asked $1 Billion From Big Oil". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 9, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
170. ^ Davenport, Coral; Friedman, Lisa (November 8, 2024). "With Ready Orders and an Energy Czar, Trump Plots Pivot to Fossil Fuels". The New York Times. Retrieved November 8, 2024.
171. ^ Friedman, Lisa; Tabuchi, Hiroko; Davenport, Coral (January 25, 2025). "Trump Stocks E.P.A. With Oil, Gas and Chemical Lobbyists". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 26, 2025.
172. ^ Frazen, Rachael; Budryk, Zack (January 22, 2025). "White House narrows executive order restricting IRA funds". The Hill. Retrieved January 26, 2025. "Trump has frequently falsely conflated Biden-era climate policies with the "Green New Deal," an ambitious suite of energy and environmental legislation supported by lawmakers including Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.) and Sen. Ed Markey (D-Mass.)."
173. ^ De Chant, Tim (March 13, 2025). "FBI, EPA, and Treasury told Citibank to freeze funds as Trump administration tries to claw back climate money". TechCrunch. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
174. ^ Brangham, William; Lane, Sam; Hartman, Sarah Clune (December 30, 2024). "U.S. sees sharp decline in murders and other crimes in 2024". PBC News. Archived from the original on January 6, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
175. ^ Jacobsen, Louis (May 29, 2024). "Joe Biden is correct that violent crime is near a 50-year low". Poynter Institute. Archived from the original on January 18, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
176. ^ Lauder, Claudia. "US cities largely saw a drop in violent crime in 2024, yet many still feel unsafe". Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 20, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
177. ^ Eisner, Chiara (January 21, 2025). "Trump's executive order resumes executions, after Biden dialed them back". NPR News. Retrieved January 26, 2025.
178. ^ Richer, Alanna Durkin (January 22, 2025). "Trump's new Justice Department leadership orders a freeze on civil rights cases". Associated Press News. Retrieved January 26, 2025.
179. ^ Broadwater, Luke; Kanno-Youngs, Zolan (January 24, 2025). "Trump Supports the Police, Just as Long as They Support Him". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 26, 2025.
180. ^ Jackman, Tom; Dwoskin, Elizabeth (February 21, 2025). "Justice Department deletes database tracking federal police misconduct". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 21, 2025. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
181. ^ Sganga, Nicole (February 21, 2025). "Elon Musk's private security detail deputized by U.S. Marshals Service, sources say". CBS News. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
182. ^ Rabinowitz, Hannah; Wild, Whitney (February 20, 2025). "Elon Musk's private security detail gets deputized by US Marshals Service". CNN. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
183. ^ Stein, Perry; Jacobs, Shayna; Bailey, Holly; Hsu, Spencer (November 6, 2024). "As Trump wins White House, special counsel weighs how to end trials". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 25, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
184. ^ Smith, Jack (January 7, 2025). Final Report on the Special Counsel's Investigations and Prosecutions: Volume 1 (PDF). Justice.gov (Report). US Department of Justice. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
185. ^ "Granting Pardons and Commutation of Sentences for Certain Offenses Relating to the Events at or near the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021". whitehouse.gov. January 21, 2025. Retrieved January 21, 2025.
186. ^ Pager, Tyler (January 30, 2022). "Trump suggests that if he is reelected, he will pardon Jan. 6 Capitol rioters". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on January 31, 2022. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
187. ^ Papenfuss, Mary (June 17, 2022). "Trump Says He'll 'Look Very Seriously' At Pardoning Jan. 6 Defendants If Reelected". HuffPost. Archived from the original on June 21, 2022. Retrieved June 18, 2022.
188. ^ Papenfuss, Mary (November 5, 2022). "'Let Them All Go Now': Trump Calls For Release Of Everyone Arrested In Jan. 6 Riot". HuffPost. Archived from the original on November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
189. ^ "Trump says will free US Capitol rioters if re-elected". The Straits Times. March 12, 2024. ISSN 0585-3923. Archived from the original on November 17, 2024. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
190. ^ Feuer, Alan (January 21, 2025). "What to Know About Trump's Broad Grant of Clemency to Jan. 6 Rioters". The New York Times. Retrieved February 14, 2025.
191. ^ Kunzelman, Michael; Mascaro, Lisa (January 22, 2025). "Oath Keepers founder Stewart Rhodes visits Capitol Hill after Trump clemency". Associated Press News. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
192. ^ Brooks, Abigail; Lebowitz, Megan (May 25, 2024). "Trump to announce plans to commute 'Silk Road' website operator Ross Ulbricht's prison sentence". NBC News. Archived from the original on May 26, 2024. Retrieved May 26, 2024.
193. ^ a b McLaughlin, Jenna (January 21, 2025). "Trump pardons Ross Ulbricht, creator of the Silk Road dark web marketplace". NPR. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
194. ^ Raymond, Nate (February 4, 2015). "Accused Silk Road operator convicted on U.S. drug charges". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 27, 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
195. ^ "Trump pardons Ross Ulbricht, founder of Silk Road drug marketplace". The Guardian. January 21, 2025. Retrieved January 22, 2025.
196. ^ "Trump signs pardons for 23 anti-abortion protesters". Reuters. January 23, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
197. ^ Fernando, Christine (January 23, 2025). "Trump pardons anti-abortion activists who blockaded clinic entrances". Associated Press News. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
198. ^ Dorn, Sara (November 8, 2024). "Here's Who Trump Might Pardon—From Hunter Biden To Jan. 6 Rioters And Eric Adams". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 17, 2024. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
199. ^ Korte, Gregory; Dlouhy, Jennifer (March 17, 2025). "Trump Calls Biden Pardons 'Void' Because of Autopen Usage". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on March 17, 2025. Retrieved March 17, 2025.
200. ^ "Fox Rothschild LLP — Attorneys at Law". www.foxrothschild.com.
201. ^ Raposas, Rachel; Lambe, Stacy (January 30, 2025). "President Trump Blames DEI for American Airlines Crash, Citing His Own 'Common Sense' and Scolding CNN's Kaitlan Collins". People. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
202. ^ Kim, Juliana (February 14, 2025). "Park Service erases 'transgender' on Stonewall website, uses the term 'LGB' movement". NPR. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
203. ^ a b Golgowski, Nina (February 5, 2025). "National Museum Covered Exhibit Honoring Women, People Of Color Amid Anti-DEI Efforts". HuffPost. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
204. ^ Langfitt, Frank (February 5, 2025). "NSA museum covered plaques honoring women and people of color, provoking an uproar". NPR. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
205. ^ Witze, Alexandra (February 14, 2025). "NASA embraced diversity. Trump's DEI purge is hitting space scientists hard". Nature. Nature Publishing Group. doi:10.1038/d41586-025-00480-x. PMID 39953162. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
206. ^ Horsley, Scott; Simon, Scott (January 25, 2025). "Trump inherits a strong economy by the numbers. What's his plan to lower prices?". National Public Radio. "Mark Zandi: The numbers speak for themselves. Growth is strong. Lots of jobs. Unemployment is low. If you take the economy on the whole, it really is about as good as it gets. So President Trump is inheriting a fantastic economy."
207. ^ Rugaber, Christopher (January 23, 2025). "Trump's inheriting a solid economy, making it harder to lower borrowing costs or inflation". The Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 23, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
208. ^ Ryssdal, Kai; Terenzio, Sofia (November 6, 2024). "Trump inherits a sturdy economy". Marketplace. Archived from the original on December 19, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
209. ^ Casselman, Ben (December 18, 2024). "The Economy Is Finally Stable. Is That About to Change?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 19, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
210. ^ a b Smart, Tim (January 9, 2025). "Trump Will Inherit a Better Economy Than He Left Behind". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on January 21, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
211. ^ "January 2025 U.S. Transportation Sector Unemployment (3.6%) Falls Below the January 2024 Level (4.7%) And the Pre-Pandemic January 2019 Level (4.0%)". Bureau of Transportation Statistics. February 7, 2025. "Seasonally adjusted, the U.S. unemployment rate in January 2025 was 4.0%."
212. ^ Monroe, Maria (January 16, 2025). "Benchmarking the U.S. economy that President Donald Trump is set to inherit". Equitable Growth. Retrieved February 8, 2025.
213. ^ Baker, Peter (January 5, 2025). "Trump Sees the U.S. as a 'Disaster.' The Numbers Tell a Different Story". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 21, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
214. ^ Bivens, Josh (January 17, 2025). "President-elect Trump is inheriting a historically strong economy". Economic Policy Institute. Archived from the original on January 21, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
215. ^ Zahn, Max (November 8, 2024). "Why inflation helped tip the election toward Trump, according to experts". ABC News.
216. ^ "'I hate to predict things': Trump doesn't rule out US recession amid trade tariffs". The Guardian. Reuters. March 9, 2025. Retrieved March 11, 2025.
217. ^ Mutikani, Lucia; Shakil, Ismail (March 5, 2025). "Trump administration disbands two expert panels on economic data". Reuters. Retrieved March 10, 2025.
218. ^ Rennison, Joe; Kaye, Danielle; Russell, Karl (March 13, 2025). "Stocks Tumble Into Correction as Investors Sour on Trump". The New York Times. Retrieved March 13, 2025.
219. ^ Boak, Josh; Rugaber, Christopher (March 14, 2025). "Whipsawed by Trump's tariffs, the US public is getting a lot more nervous about the economy". The Associated Press. Retrieved March 14, 2025. "President Donald Trump's volatile tariff threats are unleashing historic jumps in public anxiety, with the potential to undermine his pledges to strengthen a U.S. economy that is increasingly weakened."
220. ^ Sigalos, MacKenzie (November 6, 2024). "Here's what Trump promised the crypto industry ahead of the election". CNBC.
221. ^ Khalili, Joel. "Chokepoint 2.0: An Investigation Promises the Truth About Crypto's Biggest Conspiracy". Wired.com. ISSN 1059-1028.
222. ^ "Hearing Entitled: Operation Choke Point 2.0: The Biden Administration's Efforts to Put Crypto in the Crosshairs | Financial Services Committee". financialservices.house.gov.
223. ^ "Trump calls for US to be 'crypto capital of the planet' in appeal to Nashville bitcoin conference". AP News. July 27, 2024.
224. ^ Banerjee, Ankur; Indyk, Samuel (November 11, 2024). "Bitcoin jumps to record as Trump's election turbocharges cryptocurrencies". Reuters.
225. ^ Salmon, Felix (January 19, 2025). "Donald Trump is the newest crypto billionaire". Axios.
226. ^ Yaffe-Bellany, David (March 7, 2025). "At Crypto Summit, Trump Says U.S. Will Be 'the Bitcoin Superpower'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 20, 2025.
227. ^ Anderson, Zac (March 7, 2025). "White House summit showcases Trump's favorable treatment of crypto industry". USA TODAY.
228. ^ Sledge, Matt (March 7, 2025). "Here's How Much the Guests at Trump's Crypto Summit Donated to His Inauguration". The Intercept.
229. ^ Lang, Hannah. "US securities regulator files to dismiss lawsuit against Coinbase". USA TODAY.
230. ^ "SEC.gov | SEC Charges Coinbase for Operating as an Unregistered Securities Exchange, Broker, and Clearing Agency". www.sec.gov.
231. ^ "SEC.gov | SEC Announces Dismissal of Civil Enforcement Action Against Coinbase". www.sec.gov.
232. ^ Press, Associated (February 12, 2025). "SEC and Binance request 60-day pause in lawsuit as the agency shifts to be more crypto-friendly". Fast Company. Archived from the original on February 15, 2025.
233. ^ "Binance mishandled funds and violated securities laws, according to SEC lawsuit". AP News. June 5, 2023.
234. ^ Stempel, Jonathan (February 26, 2025). "US SEC, Tron founder Justin Sun explore resolution of civil fraud case". Reuters. Archived from the original on March 3, 2025.
235. ^ "A crypto mogul who invested millions into Trump coins is getting a reprieve on civil fraud charges | CNN Business". CNN. Archived from the original on March 4, 2025.
236. ^ Goldstein, Matthew (February 28, 2025). "S.E.C. Declares Memecoins Are Not Subject to Oversight". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
237. ^ "SEC.gov | Staff Statement on Meme Coins". www.sec.gov.
238. ^ Sanchez, Ricardo (February 13, 2025). "ICYMI: In Hearing, Pressley Uplifts CFPB, Slams Trump-Musk Gutting of Agency with Crypto Scams on the Rise". Ayanna Pressley.
239. ^ Yaffe-Bellany, David (February 28, 2025). "Under Trump, U.S. Increasingly Pulls Back From Crypto Crackdown". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 28, 2025.
240. ^ Runkevicius, Dan. "'Most Pro-Crypto Treasury We've Ever Seen'—Trump's Historic Move Could Spark Bitcoin And Crypto Price Boom". Forbes.
241. ^ Chow, Andrew R. (March 8, 2025). "Trump's Crypto Summit Shows That the Industry is in Charge". TIME.
242. ^ Coburn, Jesse (April 2, 2025). "Representatives Demand Housing Agency Halt Any Cryptocurrency Experiments". ProPublica.
243. ^ "Crypto-letter". www.documentcloud.org.
244. ^ Stone, Peter (January 27, 2025). "'Trump's grifting tendencies': how the president's crypto ties could spur corruption". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077.
245. ^ Faturechi, Robert; Elliott, Justin (January 30, 2025). "To Pay for Trump Tax Cuts, House GOP Floats Plan to Slash Benefits for the Poor and Working Class". ProPublica. Retrieved February 13, 2025.
246. ^ Brownstein, Ronald (February 4, 2025). "Analysis: GOP's plans to enact Trump agenda may face a big vulnerability". CNN. Retrieved February 13, 2025.
247. ^ Munk, Cheryl Winokur (February 2, 2025). "To help pay for Trump tax cuts, new taxes on worker benefits become GOP target". CNBC. Retrieved February 13, 2025.
248. ^ Lawder, David (January 17, 2025). "CBO sees US 2025 deficit flat at $1.9 trillion before any Trump tax changes". Reuters.
249. ^ Dennis, Stephen T. (February 7, 2025). "Trump Tax Cuts' Cost Estimated at $5 Trillion to $11 Trillion". Bloomberg News.
250. ^ Morgan, David (February 14, 2025). "To extend Trump's 2017 tax cuts, Republicans seek to overlook the cost". Reuters.
251. ^ Gardner, Timothy; Douglas, Leah; Layne, Nathan (February 15, 2025). "Nearly 10,000 fired as Trump, Musk step up assault on US agencies". Reuters. Retrieved February 15, 2025.
252. ^ Ip, Greg (October 16, 2024). "A Second Trump Presidency Stands to Radically Remake World Trade". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on October 21, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
253. ^ Collins, Michael (November 25, 2024). "Donald Trump vows to impose 25% tariff on all products from Canada and Mexico". USA Today. Archived from the original on November 26, 2024. Retrieved November 26, 2024.
254. ^ Williams, Aime (November 30, 2024). "Trump threatens Brics nations with 100% tariffs if they undermine dollar". Financial Times. Archived from the original on December 1, 2024. Retrieved December 1, 2024.
255. ^ Waldenberg, Samantha; Liptak, Kevin; Treene, Alayna; Goldman, David (February 1, 2025). "Trump announces new tariffs on Mexico, Canada and China". CNN.
256. ^ Wallace, Alicia (February 1, 2025). "Trump says 10% tariff on Canadian energy aims to "minimize any disruptive effects"". CNN. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
257. ^ Gowling, Jordan (February 1, 2025). "Canada to place retaliatory 25 per cent tariffs on $155 billion in U.S. goods in two phases". Financial Post.
258. ^ Bekiempis, Victoria (February 1, 2025). "Trump signs order authorizing tariffs on goods from Canada, Mexico and China". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077.
259. ^ Boak, Josh; Sánchez, Fabiola; Gillies, Rob (February 3, 2025). "Trump agrees to pause tariffs on Canada and Mexico after they pledge to boost border enforcement". Associated Press News. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
260. ^ Psaledakis, Daphne; Lawder, David; Meijer, Bart (February 3, 2025). "U.S. tariffs on Mexico to be paused for a month, Trump says". Reuters. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
261. ^ Franklin, Joshua; Clarfelt, Harriet; Williams, Aime; Jones, Claire (February 2, 2025). "Trump faces backlash from business as tariffs ignite inflation fears". Financial Times.
262. ^ Wingrove, Josh (April 3, 2025). "Trump's Reciprocal Tariff Formula Is All About Trade Deficits". Bloomberg News. Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on April 3, 2025. Retrieved April 3, 2025.
263. ^ Towfighi, John (April 2, 2025). "Stock futures plunge as investors digest Trump's tariffs". CNN. Retrieved April 3, 2025.
264. ^ Conlon, Sean (April 3, 2025). "Small-cap benchmark Russell 2000 becomes first major U.S. stock measure to enter bear market". CNBC. Retrieved April 3, 2025.
265. ^ Alfonseca, Kiara (November 11, 2024). "Dismantling the Department of Education? Trump's plan for schools in his second term". ABC News. Archived from the original on December 11, 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
266. ^ a b Santana, Rebecca (January 21, 2025). "Trump administration throws out policies limiting migrant arrests at sensitive spots like churches". Associated Press News. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
267. ^ Nilsen, Ella (February 3, 2025). "2.2 billion gallons of water flowed out of California reservoirs because of Trump's order to open dams". CNN. Retrieved March 10, 2025.
268. ^ von Kaenel, Camille; Snider, Annie (January 31, 2025). "Trump says he opened California's water. Local officials say he nearly flooded them". Politico. Retrieved March 10, 2025.
269. ^ Dance, Scott; Partlow, Joshua (March 7, 2025). "Army Corps knew Trump order would waste California water, memo shows". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 8, 2025. Retrieved March 10, 2025.
270. ^ Flavelle, Christopher; Medina, Eduardo; Ferré-Sadurní, Luis (March 27, 2025). "Musk Targeted FEMA. Disaster-Stricken Communities Are Paying a Price". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
271. ^ a b Oreskes, Benjamin (February 19, 2025). "'Long Live the King': Trump Likens Himself to Royalty on Truth Social". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 20, 2025.
272. ^ a b Savage, Charlie (January 22, 2025). "Trump Seeks to Paralyze Independent Privacy and Civil Liberties Watchdog". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 25, 2025. "Advisers to Mr. Trump subscribe to a strong view of presidential power called the unitary executive theory, under which the Constitution should be interpreted as giving presidents exclusive control of the executive branch and independent agencies are considered illegitimate. During the campaign, Trump allies vowed to stomp out pockets of independence in the executive branch if he won the election."
273. ^ a b Savage, Charlie (January 27, 2025). "Fired Inspectors General Raise Alarms as Trump Administration Moves to Finalize Purge". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 28, 2025. "Some advisers to Mr. Trump have been interested in advancing the so-called unitary executive theory, an expansive view of presidential power. According to the theory, the president must have complete control of the executive branch, so Congress may not give other officials independent decision-making authority or restrict the president's ability to fire them."
274. ^ Savage, Charlie (January 22, 2025). "How Trump Is Pushing at Limits of Presidential Power in Early Orders". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
275. ^ Swan, Jonathan; Haberman, Maggie; Feuer, Alan (January 22, 2025). "From Day 1, Trump Tests the Limits of His Authority". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
276. ^ Barrow, Bill (January 22, 2025). "Everything Trump did in the first executive orders and actions of his presidency". Associated Press News. Retrieved January 28, 2025. "In total, the Republican president's sweeping actions reflect many of his campaign promises and determination to concentrate executive branch power in the West Wing, while moving the country sharply rightward."
277. ^ Riccardi, Nicholas (March 1, 2025). "Trump's moves test the limits of presidential power and the resilience of US democracy". Associated Press News. Retrieved March 1, 2025.
278. ^ Chiacu, Doina (February 16, 2025). "Trump: If it saves the country, it's not illegal". Reuters. Retrieved February 17, 2025.
279. ^ Haberman, Maggie; Savage, Charlie; Swan, Jonathan (February 15, 2025). "Trump Suggests No Laws Are Broken if He's 'Saving His Country'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 16, 2025. Retrieved February 17, 2025.
280. ^ "'See you in court': Trump, governor spar over trans rights". France 24. Agence-France Presse. February 21, 2025. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
281. ^ Neely, Brett; Bowman, Emma (February 22, 2025). "Elon Musk tells federal employees to document work in email or be fired". NPR. Retrieved February 23, 2025.
282. ^ Volcovici, Valerie (February 23, 2025). "Musk orders US federal workers to report on work by Monday or resign". Reuters. Retrieved February 23, 2025.
283. ^ a b Reid, Tim; Ali, Idrees. "Transcript of US attack plans shared with journalist". Retrieved March 27, 2025.
284. ^ Abels, Grace; Sherman, Amy (March 26, 2025). "Hegseth says leaked Signal group text didn't have 'war plans'. But screenshots show attack details". Politifact. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
285. ^ Robertson, Noah; Losey, Stephen; Shane, Leo (March 27, 2025). "'Obviously classified': Experts say Hegseth chat leaks invited danger". Defense News. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
286. ^ Jamali, Lily; Matza, Max; Epstein, Kayla (March 25, 2025). "Why is it a problem if Yemen strike plans shared on Signal?". BBC News. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
287. ^ Shahal, Andrea; Bose, Nandita (February 20, 2025). "Trump appears to contradict White House, says Elon Musk in charge of DOGE". Reuters. Archived from the original on February 20, 2025. Retrieved February 20, 2025.
288. ^ Shear, Michael D.; Lipton, Eric (November 12, 2024). "Trump Taps Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy to Slash Government". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 12, 2024. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
289. ^ Stein, Jeff; Dwoskin, Elizabeth (November 12, 2024). "Trump taps Musk, Ramaswamy to oversee 'drastic' changes to U.S. government". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
290. ^ "Establishing And Implementing The President's "Department Of Government Efficiency"". whitehouse.gov. January 21, 2025. Retrieved January 21, 2025.
291. ^ Elliott, Vittoria (January 28, 2025). "Elon Musk Lackeys Have Taken Over the Office of Personnel Management". Wired. Archived from the original on January 30, 2025. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
292. ^ Kelly, Makena; Schiffer, Zoë (January 31, 2025). "Elon Musk's Friends Have Infiltrated Another Government Agency". Wired. Archived from the original on February 1, 2025. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
293. ^ Bogardus, Kevin (January 28, 2025). "Trump offers federal workers a chance to resign if they don't want to return to the office". Politico. Retrieved January 31, 2025.
294. ^ Stokols, Eli (January 30, 2025). "Federal workers reeling over Trump's 'buyout' offer: 'This is the last lifeboat in town'". POLITICO.
295. ^ Schiffer, Zoë (January 28, 2025). "Elon Musk Is Running the Twitter Playbook on the Federal Government". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved February 5, 2025.
296. ^ Jamieson, Dave (February 1, 2025). "Trump Plans To Throw Out Federal Workers' Union Contracts". HuffPost. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
297. ^ Duehren, Andrew; Haberman, Maggie; Schleifer, Theodore; Rappeport, Alan (February 1, 2025). "Elon Musk's Team Now Has Access to Treasury's Payments System". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
298. ^ Reid, Tim (February 1, 2025). "Musk aides lock Office of Personnel Management workers out of computer systems". Reuters. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
299. ^ Pilkington, Ed (February 2, 2025). "Elon Musk's Doge team granted 'full access' to federal payment system". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
300. ^ a b Martinez, Luis (March 21, 2025). "Pentagon changed course for Musk visit after report about him viewing China war plans: Officials". ABC News.
301. ^ Schmitt, Eric; Lipton, Eric; Barnes, Julian E.; Mac, Ryan; Haberman, Maggie (March 20, 2025). "Pentagon Set Up Briefing for Musk on Potential War With China. The access would be a major expansion of Elon Musk's government role and highlight his conflicts of interest". The New York Times. New York. Archived from the original on March 22, 2025. Retrieved March 25, 2025. "The Pentagon was scheduled on Friday to brief Elon Musk on the U.S. military's plan for any war that might break out with China, two U.S. officials said on Thursday.
Another official said the briefing would be China focused, without providing additional details. A fourth official confirmed Mr. Musk was to be at the Pentagon on Friday, but offered no details.
Hours after news of the planned meeting was published by The New York Times, Pentagon officials and President Trump denied that the session would be about military plans involving China. "China will not even be mentioned or discussed," Mr. Trump said in a late-night social media post."
302. ^ Timotija, Filip (March 21, 2025). "Musk on Pentagon leakers: 'They will be found'". The Hill.
303. ^ a b Kinnard, Meg (January 28, 2025). "Firings, freezes and layoffs: A look at Trump's moves against federal employees and programs". Associated Press News. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
304. ^ Basu, Zachary; Lawler, Dave (January 27, 2025). "Trump's bureaucracy goes to war". Axios. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
305. ^ Bose, Nandita; Shah, Chandni (January 25, 2025). "Trump fires 17 independent inspectors general at federal agencies, source says". Reuters. Retrieved January 25, 2025.
306. ^ Savage, Charlie (January 29, 2025). "Defying Legal Limits, Trump Firings Set Up Tests That Could Expand His Power". The New York Times.
307. ^ Wendling, Mike (September 11, 2024). "Project 2025: The right-wing wish list for another Trump presidency". BBC.
308. ^ "Trump fires one-third of federal employee appeals board". February 11, 2025.
309. ^ "Merit Systems Board Member Harris Sues Trump over Firing (2)". February 12, 2025.
310. ^ Jackman, Tom (March 4, 2025). "Federal judge rules Trump's firing of merit board chair was illegal". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
311. ^ a b Charalambous, Peter (March 13, 2025). "Judge orders thousands of federal workers reinstated; slams 'sham' government declaration". ABC News.
312. ^ a b Reporters names are not given (March 13, 2025). "Second federal judge orders Trump administration to rehire fired probationary government workers". CBS News.
313. ^ Gennaro, Michael (March 17, 2025). "Ninth Circuit rejects Trump bid to stay firing of federal workers". Courthouse News. Retrieved March 18, 2025.
314. ^ Grumbach, Gary; Richards, Zöe (March 13, 2025). "Second judge orders thousands of probationary employees fired by Trump to be reinstated". NBC News.
315. ^ Quinn, Melissa (March 18, 2025). "Court records show how many federal workers were fired and rehired at 18 agencies". CBS News.
316. ^ Beitsch, Rebecca (March 18, 2025). "Rehired probationary workers can't be placed on administrative leave, judge says". The Hill.
317. ^ a b Knickmeyer, Ellen; Amiri, Farnoush; Gomez Licon, Adriana (February 3, 2025). "Trump and Musk move to dismantle USAID, igniting battle with Democratic lawmakers". Associated Press News. Retrieved February 5, 2025.
318. ^ McCabe, Emily M. (January 6, 2025). U.S. Agency for International Development: An Overview (Report). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
319. ^ Seddon, Sean (February 7, 2025). "What is USAID and why does Donald Trump want to end it?". BBC News. Retrieved March 17, 2025.
320. ^ a b c Murphy, Brett; Barry-Jester, Anna Maria (January 31, 2025). ""People Will Die": The Trump Administration Said It Lifted Its Ban on Lifesaving Humanitarian Aid. That's Not True". ProPublica. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
321. ^ Knickmeyer, Ellen (February 11, 2025). "Trump administration owes US business millions in unpaid bills amid USAID shutdown, lawsuit says". AP News. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
322. ^ Nolen, Stephanie (February 6, 2024). "Abandoned in the Middle of Clinical Trials, Because of a Trump Order". The New York Times. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
323. ^ Lubin, Rhian (March 4, 2025). "Nearly 15,000 will have died already because of Trump and Musk's cuts to USAID, advocacy program claims". The Independent.
324. ^ "PEPFAR Impact Tracker". Impact Counter. March 4, 2025.
325. ^ Mutsaka, Farai; Imray, Gerald (February 19, 2025). "Trump's foreign aid freeze halted a crucial program fighting HIV in Africa. Here's what's at stake". Associated Press News. Retrieved February 19, 2025.
326. ^ Roth, Andrew (February 3, 2025). "Senior USAID officials put on leave after denying access to Musk's Doge team". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved February 5, 2025.
327. ^ Paddison, Laura (February 7, 2025). "Trump says dismantling the USAID will save money. Experts say it's a 'great gift' for China". CNN. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
328. ^ Gramer, Robbie; Bazail-Eimil, Eric; Kine, Phelim (February 10, 2025). "As USAID retreats, China pounces". Politico.
329. ^ Delgado, Anton L.; Frayer, Janis Mackey (February 14, 2025). "Cambodian mine-clearing program reels after Trump's USAID funding suspension". NBC News.
330. ^ a b Kent, Lauren (February 8, 2025). "The US State Department says humanitarian assistance can continue. Foreign aid workers say that's not happening". CNN. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
331. ^ Rosen, Jacob (February 8, 2025). "Judge blocks Trump administration from placing 2,200 USAID employees on leave". CBS News. Retrieved February 10, 2025.
332. ^ a b Knickmeyer, Ellen (February 11, 2025). "Unspent aid worth billions lacks oversight as Trump dismantles USAID, watchdog warns". AP News. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
333. ^ Wang, Hansi Lo (February 13, 2025). "A judge extends the pause on Trump's plan to put USAID workers on leave". NPR. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
334. ^ Quinn, Melissa; Rosen, Jacob (February 21, 2025). "Judge denies bid to block Trump administration from placing USAID workers on leave". CBS News. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
335. ^ Knickmeyer, Ellen; Kunzelman, Michael (February 7, 2025). "Judge blocks Trump from placing thousands of USAID workers on leave and giving them 30-day deadline". Associated Press News. Retrieved February 10, 2025.
336. ^ Quinn, Melissa (February 13, 2025). "Judge orders Trump administration to temporarily restore funding for foreign assistance programs". CBS News. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
337. ^ Quinn, Melissa (February 27, 2025). "Chief justice halts lower court decision ordering Trump administration to pay State Department, USAID contractors". CBS News. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
338. ^ Kruzel, John (February 28, 2025). "Foreign aid groups ask US Supreme Court to require Trump to release funds". Reuters. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
339. ^ a b Quinn, Melissa (March 5, 2025). "Supreme Court won't lift lower court order unfreezing $2 billion in foreign aid funding". CBS News.
340. ^ Deppisch, Breanne (March 5, 2025). "Supreme Court rules on nearly $2 billion in USAID payments paused by Trump". Fox News. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
341. ^ Blumenthal, Paul (March 5, 2025). "Supreme Court Says Trump Administration Must Release Frozen Foreign Aid Funds". Huffington Post. Retrieved March 5, 2025.
342. ^ Falconer, Rebecca (March 11, 2025). "Judge holds Congress has power on foreign aid spending, not president". Axios.
343. ^ a b Knickmeyer, Ellen (March 11, 2025). "Trump overstepped his constitutional authority in freezing Congress' funding for USAID, judge says". ABC News. Associated Press.
344. ^ Knickmeyer, Ellen (March 10, 2025). "Secretary of State Rubio says purge of USAID programs complete, with 83% of agency's programs gone". Associated Press News. Retrieved March 12, 2025.
345. ^ Hillyard, Vaughn; Williams, Abigail; Lebowitz, Megan (March 12, 2025). "USAID employees told to burn or shred classified documents". NBC News. Retrieved March 12, 2025.
346. ^ Epstein, Kayla (March 12, 2025). "USAID staff told to shred and burn classified documents". BBC.
347. ^ Satter, Raphael; Psaledakis, Daphne (March 20, 2025). "Trump officials propose plan revamping US foreign aid, memo says". Reuters.
348. ^ Ingram; Kates; Ruetenik (March 26, 2025). "DOGE removes details on canceled USAID contracts from its online "wall of receipts"". CBS News, please see 5th paragraph and last paragraph.
349. ^ Beitsch, Rebecca; Weixel, Nathaniel (March 28, 2025). "Trump administration moves to eliminate USAID, firing remaining employees". The Hill.
350. ^ Jonathan Landay; Daphne Psaledakis (March 28, 2025). "Remaining USAID staff fired, Trump says Myanmar will still get earthquake aid". Reuters.
351. ^ a b Uebelacker, Erik (January 29, 2025). "White House rescinds controversial federal aid freeze memo". Courthouse News. Archived from the original on January 31, 2025. Retrieved January 30, 2025.
352. ^ Farrar, Molly (January 28, 2025). "Mass. is suing over federal funding freeze as Medicaid system appears to be down". boston.com. Retrieved January 30, 2025.
353. ^ "Which Federal Programs Are Under Scrutiny? The Budget Office Named 2,600 of Them". The New York Times. January 28, 2025. Archived from the original on January 30, 2025. Retrieved January 30, 2025.
354. ^ a b Pettypiece, Shannon; Tsirkin, Julie; Haake, Garrett; Lovelace, Berkeley (January 29, 2025). "Trump's funding freeze creates widespread confusion". NBC News. Retrieved January 30, 2025.
355. ^ Hooper, Kelly (January 29, 2025). "Medicaid payment systems back online after outage". Politico. Retrieved January 30, 2025.
356. ^ Tsui, Karina; Boyette, Chris (January 29, 2025). "A judge paused a freeze on federal funding, but many facets of American life are left in limbo. Here's what we know". CNN. Retrieved January 31, 2025.
357. ^ Natanson, Hannah (January 28, 2025). "Here's what we know — and don't know — about the Trump funding freeze". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 31, 2025. Retrieved January 31, 2025.
358. ^ Knappenberger, Ryan (January 28, 2025). "Federal judge temporarily blocks Trump freeze on federal grants". Courthouse News. Retrieved January 30, 2025.
359. ^ Schwartz, Mattathias (January 31, 2025). "Federal Judge Orders White House to Keep Money Flowing to 22 States". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 1, 2025. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
360. ^ Quinn, Melissa (January 31, 2025). "Federal judge temporarily blocks Trump administration's funding freeze". CBS News. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
361. ^ Gerstein, Josh (January 31, 2025). "Second judge to block Trump's spending freeze says the policy is likely unconstitutional". Politico. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
362. ^ Raymond, Nate (February 1, 2025). "US judge temporarily blocks Trump from freezing federal funding". Reuters. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
363. ^ Atkins, Chloe; Gallagher, Fallon; Gregorian, Dareh (February 11, 2025). "Judge finds Trump administration violated court order halting funding freeze". NBC News. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
364. ^ Stanage, Niall (February 10, 2025). "Trump, allies ramp up attacks on courts". The Hill. Retrieved February 14, 2025.
365. ^ Carpenter, Susan (February 12, 2025). "White House blames judges ruling against Trump for 'constitutional crisis'". ny1.com. Retrieved February 14, 2025.
366. ^ Price, Michelle; Whitehurst, Lindsay; Megerian, Chris (February 13, 2025). "White House says it's the judges — not Trump — causing a 'constitutional crisis'". Associated Press News. Retrieved February 14, 2025.
367. ^ Raymond, Nate (February 13, 2025). "Trump, allies ramp up attacks on judges as Musk calls for impeachments". Reuters. Retrieved February 14, 2025.
368. ^ Bustillo, Ximena (March 15, 2025). "Federal judge blocks Trump's plan to target 'alien enemies' for deportation". NPR. Retrieved March 18, 2025.
369. ^ Faulders, Katherine (March 17, 2025). "Trump administration ignores judge's order to turn deportation planes around: Sources". ABC News. Retrieved March 17, 2025.
370. ^ a b Caputo, Mark (March 16, 2025). "Exclusive: How the White House ignored a judge's order to turn back deportation flights". Axios. Retrieved March 17, 2025.
371. ^ a b c d Wendling, Mike (March 17, 2025). "Judge questions White House's refusal to turn around deportation flights". BBC News. Retrieved March 18, 2025.
372. ^ Samuels, Brett (March 17, 2025). "White House questions authority of judge's verbal order on Venezuelan deportation flights". The Hill. Retrieved March 18, 2025.
373. ^ Saric, Ivana (March 17, 2025). "Trump's border czar: "I don't care what the judges think"". Axios. Retrieved March 18, 2025.
374. ^ Megerian, Chris; Whitehurst, Lindsay; Sherman, Mark (March 18, 2025). "Roberts rejects Trump's call for impeaching judge who ruled against his deportation plans". AP News. Retrieved March 18, 2025.
375. ^ Irwin, Lauren (March 19, 2025). "Bondi says judge has 'no right' to ask flight deportation questions". The HIll. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
376. ^ "US election live updates: Trump picks RFK Jr as health secretary and calls him 'great mind'". BBC News. Archived from the original on November 15, 2024. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
377. ^ Reid, Tim; Erman, Michael (December 12, 2024). "Trump to discuss ending childhood vaccination programs with RFK Jr". Reuters. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
378. ^ Stobbe, Mike; Aleccia, Jonel (January 23, 2025). "Trump administration freezes many health agency reports and online posts". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on January 23, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
379. ^ "CDC health officials in US ordered to stop working with WHO immediately". The Guardian. Associated Press. January 27, 2025. Retrieved February 7, 2025.
380. ^ Goodman, Brenda; Christensen, Jen; Valencia, Nick; Howard, Jacqueline; McPhillips, Deidre (January 31, 2025). "CDC websites, datasets taken down as agency complies with Trump executive orders". CNN. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
381. ^ Stone, Will (January 31, 2025). "Trump administration purges websites across federal health agencies". NPR. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
382. ^ Faust, Jeremy. "CDC Researchers Ordered to Retract Papers Submitted to All Journals". MedPage Today.
383. ^ Robertson, Rachael (January 23, 2025). "Trump's Gag Order Halts CDC Publication". MedPage Today. Retrieved February 7, 2025.
384. ^ Awan, Omer. "Trump Administration Lays Off CDC's Epidemic Intelligence Service Workers, Threatening Science And Public Health". Forbes. Retrieved February 16, 2025.
385. ^ "Layoffs hit many at CDC lab program that was started to address previous failures". AP News. February 18, 2025. Retrieved February 26, 2025.
386. ^ Chambers, Francesca; Ramaswamy, Swapna Venugopal (March 13, 2025). "Trump yanks CDC nominee minutes before Senate hearing". USA Today.
387. ^ "Trump announces executive order on IVF treatments". NBC News. February 18, 2025. Retrieved February 18, 2025.
388. ^ "Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Expands Access to In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)". whitehouse.gov. February 18, 2025. Retrieved February 18, 2025.
389. ^ "Trump signs healthcare price transparency executive order". Reuters. February 25, 2025.
390. ^ Savage, Charlie; Haberman, Maggie; Swan, Jonathan (November 11, 2023). "Sweeping Raids, Giant Camps and Mass Deportations: Inside Trump's 2025 Immigration Plans". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 25, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
391. ^ Welker, Kristen; Marquez, Alexandra (November 8, 2024). "Trump says there's 'no price tag' for his mass deportation plan". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 12, 2024. Retrieved November 8, 2024.
392. ^ Collins, Kaitlan (November 10, 2024). "Trump expected to announce he's hiring Tom Homan, his former acting ICE director". CNN. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
393. ^ Ives, Mike (November 11, 2024). "Trump Names Thomas Homan 'Border Czar' With a Wide Portfolio". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 23, 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
394. ^ Aleaziz, Hamed (January 10, 2025). "Border Crossings Continue to Drop Before Trump's Second Term". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 26, 2025.
395. ^ Aleaziz, Hamed; Villegas, Paulina (January 20, 2025). "Trump Shuts Down Migrant Entry App, Signaling the Start of His Crackdown". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 4, 2025.
396. ^ Gambino, Lauren; Villarreal, Alexandra; Pengelly, Martin. "Trump declares national border emergency in immigration crackdown". The Guardian.
397. ^ Janetsky, Megan (January 21, 2025). "Mexico defends sovereignty as US seeks to label cartels as terrorists". Associated Press News. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
398. ^ Graziosi, Graig (January 23, 2025). "DEA agents now have the power to make arrests for deportations – as Trump spreads federal authority to push his plans". The Independent. Archived from the original on January 23, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
399. ^ Gedeon, Joseph (January 24, 2025). "Trump gives Ice power to deport immigrants who came legally under Biden". The Guardian. Retrieved January 26, 2025.
400. ^ Miroff, Nick; Sacchetti, Maria (January 26, 2025). "Trump officials issue quotas to ICE officers to ramp up arrests". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 26, 2025.
401. ^ Barr, Luke; Reinstein, Julia (January 22, 2025). "Trump authorizes ICE to target courthouses, schools and churches". ABC News. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
402. ^ Lee, Ella (February 6, 2025). "DOJ appeals block of birthright citizenship executive order". The Hill.
403. ^ Raymond, Nate (February 6, 2025). "US judge accuses Trump of ignoring rule of law to curb birthright citizenship". Reuters.
404. ^ Casey, Michael; Catalini, Mike (February 13, 2025). "Fourth federal judge blocks Trump's birthright citizenship order". Associated Press News. Retrieved February 14, 2025.
405. ^ Mann, Brian (January 24, 2025). "Local governments across U.S. signal they won't aid Trump migrant crackdown". NPR. Retrieved January 26, 2025.
406. ^ Doyle, Katherine; Richards, Zoë (January 29, 2025). "Trump signs the Laken Riley Act into law". NBC News. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
407. ^ Gomez Licon, Adriana (January 24, 2025). "What is the Laken Riley Act? A look at the first bill Trump will sign". Associated Press News. Retrieved January 27, 2025.
408. ^ "ICE arrests 100+ Venezuelan gang members in Colorado". Fox News. February 6, 2025. Retrieved February 7, 2025.
409. ^ "Trump to sell US$5 Million "gold card" visas to rich foreigners". South China Morning Post. Agence France-Presse. February 26, 2025. Retrieved February 26, 2025.
410. ^ Hesson, Ted (February 22, 2025). "Trump deporting people at a slower rate than Biden's last year in office". Reuters.
411. ^ Jimenez, Kayla (March 13, 2023). "Trump vows to cut federal funding for schools teaching CRT, accommodating transgender students". USA Today. Archived from the original on November 14, 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
412. ^ Dorn, Sara (May 10, 2024). "Trump Promises Rollback On Trans Rights: Here's What He's Said". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 13, 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
413. ^ Lucey, Catherine. "Trump Says U.S. Government Will Recognize Only Two Genders". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
414. ^ "Defending Women From Gender Ideology Extremism And Restoring Biological Truth To The Federal Government" (Press release). The White House. January 21, 2025. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
415. ^ "Trump's definition of 'male,' 'female' criticized by medical and legal experts". ABC News. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
416. ^ Weigel, Alicia Roth (January 23, 2025). "Trump's 'Biological Truth' Executive Order is Not Based in Biology or Truth". Time. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
417. ^ Gedeon, Joseph (January 23, 2025). "Rubio instructs staff to freeze passport applications with 'X' sex markers". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
418. ^ Kochi, Sudiksha; Garrison, Joey. "Federal workers will have to scrub pronouns from email signatures". USA Today. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
419. ^ Savage, Claire; Olson, Alexandra (February 16, 2025). "EEOC Seeks To Drop Transgender Discrimination Cases, Citing Trump's Executive Order". Huffington Post. Retrieved February 16, 2025.
420. ^ "Prioritizing Military Excellence and Readiness". whitehouse.gov. January 28, 2025. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
421. ^ Ring, Trudy (January 21, 2025). "Trump revokes Biden's order that lifted trans military ban, clearing way for new ban". Advocate. Retrieved January 21, 2025. "Donald Trump has cleared the way for a new ban on military service by transgender Americans"
422. ^ Wentling, Nikki (January 21, 2025). "Trump revokes order allowing transgender troops to serve in military". Military Times. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
423. ^ "Protecting Children from Chemical and Surgical Mutilation" (Press release). The White House. January 28, 2025. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
424. ^ "Judge Pauses Trump's Order Restricting Gender-Affirming Care For Trans Youth". Huffington Post. February 13, 2025. Retrieved February 13, 2025.
425. ^ "Ending Radical Indoctrination in K-12 Schooling" (Press release). The White House. January 29, 2025. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
426. ^ Graves, Will (February 5, 2025). "Trump signs executive order intended to bar transgender athletes from girls' and women's sports". Associated Press News. ""With this executive order, the war on women's sports is over," Trump said at a signing ceremony in the East Room that included lawmakers and female athletes who have come out in support of a ban, including former collegiate swimmer Riley Gaines. White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt said the order "upholds the promise of Title IX" and will require "immediate action, including enforcement actions, against schools and athletic associations" that deny women single-sex sports and single-sex locker rooms."
427. ^ "Eradicating Anti-Christian Bias" (Press release). The White House. February 6, 2025. Retrieved February 13, 2025.
428. ^ Green, Erica L.; Aleaziz, Hamed (January 22, 2025). "Federal Workers Ordered to Report on Colleagues Over D.E.I. Crackdown". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
429. ^ Timmons, Heather (January 23, 2025). "Why LBJ signed executive order 11246 that Trump rescinded". Reuters. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
430. ^ Brownstein, Ronald (February 28, 2025). "Trump tries to impose the red-state social agenda onto blue states that have rejected it". CNN. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
431. ^ Kube, Courtney; et al. (November 17, 2024). "Trump transition team compiling list of current and former U.S. military officers for possible courts-martial". NBC News. Archived from the original on November 24, 2024. Retrieved November 25, 2024.
432. ^ Vazquez, Maegan (October 13, 2024). "Trump urges using military to handle 'radical left lunatics' on Election Day". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
433. ^ Lerer, Lisa; Gold, Michael (October 15, 2024). "Trump Escalates Threats to Political Opponents He Deems the 'Enemy'". New York Times.
434. ^ Cooper, Helene; Schmitt, Eric (January 26, 2025). "Trump Pulls the Military Back Into the Political and Culture Wars". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 26, 2025.
435. ^ Martinez, Luis (August 6, 2020). "History made as first African American general leads one of the military services". ABC News. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
436. ^ Ryan, Missy (February 21, 2025). "Trump ousts Joint Chiefs chairman, other leaders in major Pentagon shake-up". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
437. ^ Cooper, Helene; Schmitt, Eric (February 22, 2025). "Dan Caine, Trump's Joint Chiefs Pick, Had Unusual Path to Top Ranks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
438. ^ Copp, Tara; Baldor, Lolita C. (February 22, 2025). "Trump fires chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and two other military officers". Associated Press News.
439. ^ Smith, Peter (May 18, 2024). "Jesus is their savior, Trump is their candidate. Ex-president's backers say he shares faith, values". Associated Press News. Retrieved November 23, 2024.
440. ^ Vakil, Caroline (June 25, 2023). "Trump paints 2024 campaign as 'righteous crusade' as he rallies evangelicals". The Hill. Retrieved January 24, 2025.
441. ^ a b Bose, Nandita; Chiacu, Doina (February 6, 2025). "Trump to create religious office in White House, target 'anti-Christian bias'". Reuters. Retrieved February 7, 2025.
442. ^ Madhani, Aamer; Smith, Peter (February 6, 2025). "After prayer breakfast, Trump creates task force to root out 'anti-Christian bias'". Associated Press News. Retrieved February 7, 2025.
443. ^ Lasher, James (February 6, 2025). "President Trump Champions Faith and Freedom at National Prayer Breakfast". Charisma News. Retrieved February 7, 2025.
444. ^ a b Maiberg, Emanuel; Cox, Joseph; Maiberg, Emanuel; Roscoe, Jules; Koebler, Jason (February 14, 2025). "Trump Admin Adds Note Rejecting 'Gender Ideology' on Sites Court Ordered Them to Restore". 404 Media. Retrieved February 26, 2025.
445. ^ a b Calma, Justine (January 31, 2025). "Donald Trump's data purge has begun". The Verge. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
446. ^ Stone, Will (January 31, 2025). "Trump administration purges websites across federal health agencies". NPR. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
447. ^ Boodman, Eric (January 30, 2025). "National Science Foundation suspends salary payments, leaving researchers unable to pay their bills". STAT. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
448. ^ Mervis, Jeffrey. "EXCLUSIVE: NSF starts vetting all grants to comply with Trump's orders". www.science.org. Retrieved February 19, 2025.
449. ^ Lambert, Jonathan (February 3, 2025). "National Science Foundation says it will unfreeze grant money after court order". NPR. Retrieved February 19, 2025.
450. ^ Hiar, Corbin (February 4, 2025). "Science funding agency threatened with mass layoffs". POLITICO. Retrieved February 5, 2025.
451. ^ Zetter, Kim (February 18, 2025). "National Science Foundation Fires 168 Workers as Federal Purge Continues". WIRED. Retrieved February 19, 2025.
452. ^ a b Lambert, Jonathan (February 18, 2025). "National Science Foundation fires roughly 10% of its workforce". NPR. Retrieved February 19, 2025.
453. ^ a b Kozlov, Max (February 20, 2025). "Revealed: NIH research grants still frozen despite lawsuits challenging Trump order". Nature. 638 (8052). Nature Publishing Group: 870–871\. Bibcode:2025Natur.638..870K. doi:10.1038/d41586-025-00540-2. PMID 39979573. Retrieved February 21, 2025.870-871&rft.date=2025-02-20&rft_id=info:pmid/39979573&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/d41586-025-00540-2&rft_id=info:bibcode/2025Natur.638..870K&rft.aulast=Kozlov&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-00540-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Second+presidency+of+Donald+Trump" class="Z3988">
454. ^ a b Diamond, Dan; Johnson, Carolyn Y.; Sun, Lena H. (February 8, 2025). "NIH cuts billions of dollars in biomedical funding, effective immediately". Washington Post. Retrieved February 9, 2025.
455. ^ a b Wosen, Jonathan; Molteni, Megan; Mast, Jason; McFarling, Usha Lee (February 8, 2025). "NIH plans to slash support for indirect research costs, sending shockwaves through science". STAT. Retrieved February 9, 2025.
456. ^ a b Wosen, Jonathan; Chen, Angus (February 8, 2025). "What are indirect research costs? A quick explainer in light of NIH's sweeping policy change". STAT. Retrieved February 9, 2025.
457. ^ a b Bush, Evan; Bendix, Aria; Chow, Denise (February 18, 2025). "Science under siege: Trump cuts threaten to undermine decades of research". NBC News. Retrieved February 19, 2025.
458. ^ a b Stone, Will (February 17, 2025). "Health agencies lose staff members in key areas as Trump firings set in". NPR. Retrieved February 19, 2025.
459. ^ McFarling, Usha Lee (March 5, 2025). "Cancellation of NIH summer internships disrupts 'vital' training program for U.S. scientists". STAT. Retrieved March 5, 2025.
460. ^ Molteni, Megan; McFarling, Usha Lee; Chen, Angus (February 19, 2025). "Graduate student admissions paused and cut back as universities react to Trump orders on research". STAT. Retrieved March 5, 2025.
461. ^ Wosen, Jonathan; Molteni, Megan; Mast, Jason; Chen, Angus; Facher, Lev; Oza, Anil (March 15, 2025). "At NIH, 'everyone is on edge' as they brace for deep cuts and more centralized control". STAT. Retrieved March 17, 2025.
462. ^ a b Wu, Katherine J. (January 31, 2025). "CDC Data Are Disappearing". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
463. ^ Hull, Dana. "CDC Information, Datasets Disappear From US Agency's Websites". Bloomberg. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
464. ^ Herper, Matthew; Lawrence, Lizzy (January 23, 2025). "FDA purges material on clinical trial diversity from its site, showing stakes of Trump DEI ban". STAT. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
465. ^ Noor, Dharna; Canon, Gabrielle (February 27, 2025). "'Cruel and thoughtless': Trump fires hundreds at US climate agency NOAA". The Guardian. Retrieved February 28, 2025.
466. ^ Freiman, Jordan; Wholf, Tracy J. (February 27, 2025). "Hundreds of NOAA employees laid off in latest cuts to federal workforce". CBS News. Retrieved February 28, 2025.
467. ^ a b Jeffrey, Mervis (February 18, 2025). "Mass firings decimate U.S. science agencies". www.science.org. Retrieved February 19, 2025.
468. ^ Halpert, Madeline (February 19, 2025). "Trump administration trying to rehire USDA bird flu officials it fired". BBC. Retrieved February 19, 2025.
469. ^ a b c Glenza, Jessica (March 31, 2025). "More than 1,900 scientists write letter in 'SOS' over Trump's attacks on science". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved April 3, 2025.
470. ^ "Public Statement on Supporting Science for the Benefit of All Citizens". Google Docs. Retrieved April 3, 2025.
471. ^ "Social Security Strengthens Identity Proofing Requirements and Expedites Direct Deposit Changes to One Day". Social Security Administration. March 18, 2025. Retrieved March 26, 2025.
472. ^ Menezes, Damita; Dean, Libbey (March 25, 2025). "New Social Security requirements call for in-person checks". NewsNation. Retrieved March 26, 2025.
473. ^ a b Hinkle, Mark (March 26, 2025). "Social Security Updates Recently Announced Identity Proofing Requirements". Social Security Administration. Retrieved March 26, 2025.
474. ^ Picchi, Aimee (March 26, 2025). "Social Security says it will delay in-person ID verification. Advocates say that's not enough". CBS News.
475. ^ Colvin, Jill; Gillies, Rob (January 9, 2025). "Trump, the 'America First' candidate, has a new preoccupation: Imperialism". The Associated Press. Retrieved January 28, 2025. "But since winning a second term, the president-elect has been embracing a new imperialist agenda, threatening to seize the Panama Canal and Greenland — perhaps by military force — and saying he will use economic coercion to pressure Canada to become the nation's 51st state."
476. ^ Collinson, Stephen (January 8, 2025). "Trump's threats to Greenland, Canada and Panama explain everything about America First". CNN. Retrieved January 28, 2025. "Donald Trump's imperialist designs on Greenland, Canada and Panama often sound like the ramblings of a real estate shark who equates foreign and trade policy to a hunt for new deals. But there's method in his expansionist mindset."
477. ^ Smolar, Piotr (January 8, 2025). "Donald Trump's rhetoric of a new American imperialism". Le Monde. Retrieved January 28, 2025. "At a press conference in West Palm Beach, Florida, on Tuesday, January 7, Trump reiterated the idea of American expansion, which he believes would validate the promise of a "golden age" made to voters."
478. ^ Mittelstadt, Jennifer (February 2, 2025). "Opinion | Why Does Trump Threaten America's Allies? Hint: It Starts in 1919". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 5, 2025.
479. ^ a b Basu, Zachary (February 28, 2025). "Trump's new world order: Strongmen make the rules". Axios. Retrieved February 28, 2025. "The international order forged after World War II is imploding, squeezed on all sides by the return of strongmen, nationalism and spheres of influence — with President Trump leading the charge. ... Trump's approach is based, according to U.S. officials, in "realism"."
480. ^ a b Blaxland, John (February 18, 2025). "Trump's view of the world is becoming clear: America's allies come second to its own interests". The Conversation. Retrieved February 28, 2025.
481. ^ a b Erlanger, Steven (February 27, 2025). "Indifference or Hostility? Trump's View of European Allies Raises Alarm". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 28, 2025. "Mr. Trump has rebuffed NATO and aligned himself with the longstanding, principal threat to the alliance: Russia."
482. ^ a b Broadwater, Luke (February 27, 2025). "With Trump, Alliances Come With Strings Attached". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 28, 2025. "But it underscores Mr. Trump's impulse to squeeze even America's traditional allies as he applies his transactional approach to foreign policy."
483. ^ Baker, Peter (February 25, 2025). "Under Trump, America's New Friends: Russia, North Korea and Belarus". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 2, 2025. "It would be hard to think of a starker demonstration of how radically Mr. Trump is recalibrating America's place in the world after barely a month back in office. He is positioning the United States in the camp of the globe's chief rogue states in opposition to the countries that have been America's best friends since World War II or before."
484. ^ "Donald Trump has begun a mafia-like struggle for global power". The Economist. February 27, 2025. Retrieved February 28, 2025. "The rupture of the post-1945 order is gaining pace. In extraordinary scenes at the UN this week, America sided with Russia and North Korea against Ukraine and Europe. Germany's probable new chancellor, Friedrich Merz, warns that by June NATO may be dead. Fast approaching is a might-is-right world in which big powers cut deals and bully small ones."
485. ^ "The new American imperialism". The Economist. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
486. ^ Jeong, Andrew (January 27, 2025). "Why Trump admires President McKinley, the original 'tariff man'". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
487. ^ Sanger, David E. (January 22, 2025). "Why Is This Long-Dead President Trump's New Hero?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
488. ^ Klare, Michael T. (January 1, 2025). "What 'America First' means second time around". Le Monde diplomatique. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
489. ^ "VOA Mandarin: China courts India as Trump, Modi vow to deepen ties". Voice of America. February 10, 2025.
490. ^ Dunne, Charles W. (February 14, 2025). "Trump's Second-Term Foreign Policy: Highly Centralized, and Highly Personal". Arab Center Washington DC. Retrieved February 16, 2025.
491. ^ Mordowanec, Nick (March 21, 2025). "Map shows countries with visa warnings about US". Newsweek. Retrieved March 26, 2025.
492. ^ Bradshaw, Robin (March 21, 2025). "UK, Finland, Denmark join Germany in issuing US travel advisories". The Telegraph. Retrieved March 26, 2025.
493. ^ Crisp, Elizabeth (March 21, 2025). "Why European countries are revising US travel guidance". The Hill. Retrieved March 26, 2025.
494. ^ Kassam, Ashifa (March 21, 2025). "Denmark and Finland urge caution for US-bound transgender people". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved March 26, 2025.
495. ^ Rivera, Josh (March 21, 2025). "Detentions at US border prompt UK, Germany, and Nordic nations to revise travel advice". USA Today. Retrieved March 26, 2025.
496. ^ "Donald Trump ruffles feathers with mediation offer to ease India-China tension". The Hindu. February 15, 2025.
497. ^ "Key takeaways from Donald Trump's meeting with India's Narendra Modi". Al Jazeera. February 14, 2025.
498. ^ "Statement by President von der Leyen on announced US tariffs". European Commission. February 10, 2025. Retrieved February 16, 2025.
499. ^ a b von der Burchard, Hans (February 15, 2025). "Macron calls emergency European summit on Trump, Polish minister says". Politico. Retrieved February 16, 2025.
500. ^ "European leaders warn against Ukraine ceasefire without peace deal, official says". Reuters. February 17, 2025. Retrieved February 18, 2025.
501. ^ Danaher, Caitlin; Kennedy, Niamh (February 15, 2025). "Zelensky warns days of guaranteed US support for Europe are over, as Kellogg says Europeans won't be at table for peace talks". CNN. Retrieved February 16, 2025.
502. ^ "Rutte: NATO spending target will be 'considerably more than 3 percent'". POLITICO. February 15, 2025. Retrieved February 20, 2025.
503. ^ "Ukraine summit 'once in a generation' moment for European security, says Starmer". Agence France-Presse. Le Monde. AP. March 2, 2025. Retrieved March 2, 2025.
504. ^ Sasipornkarn, Emmy (March 4, 2025). "EU's von der Leyen proposes €800 billion defense plan". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved March 4, 2025.
505. ^ Hussein, Fatima (January 14, 2025). "Trump says he will create an 'External Revenue Service' agency to collect tariff income". Associated Press. Retrieved February 15, 2025.
506. ^ Renshaw, Jarrett; Psaledakis, Daphne; Lawder, David (February 2, 2025). "Trump says Americans could feel 'pain' in trade war with Mexico, Canada, China". Reuters.
507. ^ Boak, Josh; Wiseman, Paul; Gillies, Rob (March 4, 2025). "Trump's trade war draws swift retaliation with new tariffs from Mexico, Canada and China". AP News. Retrieved March 5, 2025.
508. ^ Verza, María; Janetsky, Megan (March 4, 2025). "Mexico says it will impose retaliatory tariffs on US with details coming Sunday". AP News. Retrieved March 5, 2025.
509. ^ Sanger, David E.; Friedman, Lisa (December 23, 2024). "Trump's Wish to Control Greenland and Panama Canal: Not a Joke This Time". The New York Times.
510. ^ DeYoung, Karen (February 28, 2025). "Trump revives Monroe Doctrine in U.S. relations with Western Hemisphere". The Washington Post.
511. ^ Wayland, Michael (December 23, 2024). "Trump's 25% tariff could be an existential threat to Canada's recovering auto industry". CNBC. Retrieved December 24, 2024.
512. ^ Egan, Matt; Newton, Paula (December 13, 2024). "Canadian official threatens to cut off energy to the United States". CNN Business. CNN. Retrieved December 24, 2024.
513. ^ Hurley, Bevan (February 25, 2025). "Canada should be expelled from Five Eyes, Trump aide suggests". The Times. Retrieved February 28, 2025.
514. ^ Durkee, Alison (February 9, 2025). "Trump Confirms He's Serious About Wanting Canada As 51st State". Forbes. Retrieved February 28, 2025.
515. ^ Watson, Kathryn (December 10, 2024). "Trump trolls Justin Trudeau as "governor" of the "great state" of Canada". CBS News. Retrieved December 24, 2024.
516. ^ "Justin Trudeau caught on hot mic reportedly saying Trump's talk of making Canada a U.S. state is "a real thing"". CBS News. February 8, 2025. Retrieved February 28, 2025.
517. ^ Walschots, Michael (February 28, 2025). "'Buying Canadian' is an opportunity to reflect on the ethics of consumerism". The Conversation. Retrieved February 28, 2025.
518. ^ Maimann, Kevin (February 13, 2025). "From booing to singing, crowds keep drowning out anthems at Canadian sporting events". CBC. Retrieved February 28, 2025.
519. ^ Thanthong-Knight, Randy; Platt, Brian (March 4, 2025). "Trump's Goal in Trade War Is to Annex Canada, Trudeau Says". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved March 5, 2025.
520. ^ McCormack, Caitlin (December 23, 2024). "Trump indicates he may be interested in buying Greenland — again". Retrieved December 24, 2024.
521. ^ Eller, Emil (January 8, 2025). "Trumps søn beskyldte Danmark for racisme: 'Det har han sådan set ret i'". DR. Archived from the original on January 17, 2025. Retrieved January 8, 2025.
522. ^ a b Davies, Alys; Wendling, Mike (January 8, 2025). "Trump ramps up threats to gain control of Greenland and Panama Canal". BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2025.
523. ^ Gille, Anna Danielsen; Jørgensen, Nicolai Jørgen (January 15, 2025). "Jacobs 11-årige søn fik 100 dollar af Trumps YouTube-venner i Nuuk: 'Ikke i orden'". DR. Archived from the original on January 17, 2025. Retrieved January 17, 2025.
524. ^ Jørgensen, Steen A. (January 17, 2025). "Politikere har været til nyt hastemøde om Trump og Grønland". Jyllands-Posten. Archived from the original on January 17, 2025. Retrieved January 17, 2025.
525. ^ Mortensen, Mikkel Walentin (January 17, 2025). "Mens verden holder vejret, forbereder danske virksomheder sig på Trumps trusler". TV 2. Archived from the original on January 17, 2025. Retrieved January 17, 2025.
526. ^ Hansted, Morten (January 17, 2025). "Danmark i "historisk uhørt" krise: - Alarmtilstanden går kun én vej, og det er op". TV 2. Archived from the original on January 17, 2025. Retrieved January 17, 2025.
527. ^ Meville, Doug (February 12, 2025). "New Bill proposes Greenland be renamed to "Red, White, and Blueland". Say What?". Forbes. Retrieved February 26, 2025.
528. ^ Steedman, Elissa (December 23, 2024). "Donald Trump threatens to retake control of Panama Canal". ABC News. Retrieved December 24, 2024.
529. ^ Greene, Julie (January 22, 2025). "Trump's Talk of the Panama Canal Taps Into Old Myths About U.S. Power". TIME. Retrieved January 30, 2025.
530. ^ Zamorano, Juan (January 21, 2025). "Panama, familiar with US intervention, bristles at Trump's comments on canal". Associated Press. Retrieved January 30, 2025.
531. ^ Kube, Courtney; Lubold, Gordon; Lee, Carol (March 14, 2025). "Trump White House has asked U.S. military to develop options for the Panama Canal, officials say". NBC News. Retrieved March 16, 2025.
532. ^ Cohen, Zachary; Liebermann, Oren (March 14, 2025). "Pentagon tasked with providing 'military options' to ensure US access to Panama Canal, memo says". CNN. Retrieved March 16, 2025.
533. ^ Swan, Jonathan; Haberman, Maggie (February 5, 2025). "Inside Trump's Hastily Written Proposal to 'Own' Gaza". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
534. ^ "Trump's Gaza 'plan': What it is, why it's unworkable and globally rejected". Al Jazeera. February 13, 2025. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
535. ^ Barlow, Rich (February 6, 2025). "Trump Says the United States Should Seize and Develop Gaza. Is That a Good Idea?". Boston University. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
536. ^ Chiaramonte, Perry (February 26, 2025). "President Posts 'Trump Gaza' Video, an AI Fever Dream Featuring Elon Musk and Netanyahu, That's Dividing Social Media". The New York Sun. Retrieved February 26, 2025.
537. ^ Miller, Zeke; Magdy, Samy (February 10, 2025). "Trump says ceasefire deal should be canceled if Hamas doesn't release all hostages by Saturday". Associated Press. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
538. ^ "Trump's threats to pull aid if Egypt, Jordan don't accept Palestinians could lead to new alliances, experts say". abc News. February 14, 2025. Retrieved March 1, 2025.
539. ^ "Arab nations unite to block Trump's Gaza displacement plan, reject forced relocation". New Arab. February 13, 2025. Retrieved March 1, 2025.
540. ^ "FM asserts full Arab consensus on rejecting displacement of Palestinians". Egypt Independent. February 11, 2025. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
541. ^ "United Arab Emirates break Arab front against Trump's Gaza plan". Le Monde. February 14, 2025. Retrieved March 1, 2025.
542. ^ Lee, Matthew; Melzer, Natalie (February 16, 2025). "Israel's Netanyahu signals he's moving ahead with Trump's idea to transfer Palestinians from Gaza". Associated Press. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
543. ^ "With No Buy-in From Egypt or Jordan, Trump Appears to Back Away From His Gaza Plan". The New York Times. February 21, 2025.
544. ^ "Trump says he will 'recommend' rather than force Gaza expulsion plan". Al Jazeera. February 21, 2025.
545. ^ Shawkat, Ahmed; Inocencio, Ramy (March 13, 2025). "Trump remark about not "expelling any Palestinians" from Gaza welcomed by America's Arab partners in Mideast". CBS News. Retrieved March 14, 2025.
546. ^ Erlanger, Steven (February 12, 2025). "Hegseth Says Return to Ukraine's Prewar Borders Is 'Unrealistic'". New York Times. Archived from the original on February 12, 2025. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
547. ^ Sabbagh, Dan (February 12, 2025). "US no longer 'primarily focused' on Europe's security, says Pete Hegseth". The Guardian. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
548. ^ a b Roth, Andrew; Sabbagh, Dan; Sauer, Pjotr (February 12, 2025). "Trump says he has spoken to Putin and agreed to negotiate Ukraine ceasefire". The Guardian. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
549. ^ Barnes, Joe; Stringer, Connor (February 12, 2025). "Trump and Putin start talks to end Ukraine war". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
550. ^ Razdan, Khushboo (February 14, 2025). "Trump meets Modi, says he hopes US, China, India, Russia can all 'get along'". South China Morning Post. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
551. ^ a b Gray, Andrew; Bayer, Lili; Irish, John (February 13, 2025). "Europeans warn US against Ukraine deal 'behind our backs'". Reuters. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
552. ^ Timotija, Filip (February 13, 2025). "John Bolton denounces Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin peace talks". The Hill. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
553. ^ Banco, Erin (February 14, 2025). "NATO membership for Ukraine not off the table, US official says". Reuters. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
554. ^ Hubbard, Kaia (February 17, 2025). "Rubio says "we have a long ways to go" before talks on ending Russia-Ukraine war". CBS News. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
555. ^ Fouda, Malek (February 17, 2025). "US Secretary of State Marco Rubio says Ukraine and Europe will be part of 'real' peace talks". Euronews. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
556. ^ Lee, Matthew; Litvinova, Dasha (February 18, 2025). "Russia and US agree to work toward ending Ukraine war in a remarkable diplomatic shift". AP News. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
557. ^ Stone, Mark (February 21, 2025). "Trump envoy Steve Witkoff says he has developed a 'friendship' with Putin". Sky News. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
558. ^ Bose, Nandita; Holland, Steve (February 22, 2025). "In reversal, Trump says Russia attacked Ukraine". Reuters. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
559. ^ a b Hubenko, Dmytro; Dockery, Wesley (February 22, 2025). "Trump tells Putin, Zelenskyy to 'get together' to end war". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
560. ^ Dettmer, Jamie (March 6, 2025). "Top Trump allies hold secret talks with Zelenskyy's Ukrainian opponents". Politico Europe. Retrieved March 11, 2025.
561. ^ a b Welker, Kristen; Kube, Courtney; Lee, Carol E.; Egwuonwu, Nnamdi (February 17, 2025). "Zelenskyy tells aides to reject U.S. pitch for 50% of Ukraine's rare earth minerals". NBC News. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
562. ^ a b Evans-Pritchard, Ambrose (February 17, 2025). "Revealed: Trump's confidential plan to put Ukraine in a stranglehold". The Telegraph. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
563. ^ Burrows, Emma (February 17, 2025). "US presented Ukraine with a document to access its minerals but offered almost nothing in return". Associated Press. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
564. ^ a b c d Sauer, Pjotr; Harding, Luke (February 19, 2025). "Trump calls Zelenskyy a dictator amid fears of irreconcilable rift". The Guardian.
565. ^ Collinson, Stephen (February 21, 2025). "The Ukraine minerals deal is a perfect metaphor for Trump's foreign policy". CNN.
566. ^ a b c Mayer, Daryna; Astha Rajvanshi, Astha; Shabad, Rebecca (February 19, 2025). "Trump falsely calls Ukraine's Zelenskyy a 'dictator,' escalating a spat between the leaders". NBC News. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
567. ^ a b c d Murphy, Matt; Horton, Jake (February 19, 2025). "Fact-checking Trump claims about war in Ukraine". BBC News. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
568. ^ Yilek, Caitlin (February 19, 2025). "Trump calls Zelenskyy a "dictator" after blaming Ukraine for Russia's invasion". CBS News. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
569. ^ a b c d e Chiacu, Doina; Harmash, Olena (February 20, 2025). "Trump tells 'dictator' Zelenskiy to move fast or lose Ukraine". Reuters. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
570. ^ Nevett, Joshua; Montague, Eleanor (February 19, 2025). "Starmer backs Zelensky after Trump calls him 'dictator'". BBC News. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
571. ^ Nevett, Joshua (February 20, 2025). "Ukrainian leader not a dictator, says Farage". BBC News. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
572. ^ "Live updates: Trump and Vance call Zelenskyy 'disrespectful' in Oval Office meeting when pushed for US security commitment". Associated Press News. February 28, 2025. Retrieved March 9, 2025. "White House says Zelenskyy was asked to leave: After the contentious meeting the Ukrainian leader made an effort to try to get the visit back on track,"
573. ^ Cone, Allen; Godfrey, Paul (February 28, 2025). "Trump breaks off mineral talks with Ukraine, calls Zelensky 'disrespectful' in shouting match". United Press International. Retrieved March 1, 2025. "Friday afternoon turned into a public shouting match before talks broke off on an economic deal on natural resources from the European nation"
574. ^ Kramer, Andrew E.; Varenikova, Maria; Méheut, Constant (February 28, 2025). "The U.S.-Ukraine Mineral Deal Is Now In Peril: What We Know". The New York Times. Retrieved March 9, 2025. "A potential deal for Ukraine to hand over revenues from natural resources to the United States is still in doubt"
575. ^ Baker, Peter (February 28, 2025). "Tempers flare before Zelensky abruptly departs the White House without signing a minerals deal". The New York Times. Retrieved March 9, 2025.
576. ^ Liptak, Kevin; Zeleny, Jeff; Collins, Kaitlan; Maher, Kit (February 28, 2025). "Trump and Vance erupt at Zelensky in tense Oval Office meeting". CNN. Retrieved March 9, 2025. "Never before has an American president verbally attacked his visitor"
577. ^ "Trump's Zelensky outburst a culmination of weeks of frustration". RNZ. March 1, 2025. Retrieved March 9, 2025. "Frustration has mounted inside the White House in recent weeks, particularly as Trump officials attempted to negotiate the minerals deal with Ukraine"
578. ^ Weissert, Will; Miller, Zeke; Madhani, Aamer (February 28, 2025). "Trump calls for 'immediate' ceasefire between Ukraine and Russia, but doubts Zelenskyy wants peace". The Intelligencer. Retrieved March 9, 2025. "Zelenskyy, who had urged skepticism about Russia's commitment to diplomacy, citing Moscow's years of broken commitments on the global stage."
579. ^ "Trump officials slam Zelenskyy, as Western leaders rally around Ukraine". Al Jazeera. March 1, 2025. Retrieved March 9, 2025.
580. ^ Oliver, Christian; Faggionato, Giovanna; Goury-Laffont, Victor; Griera, Max (February 28, 2025). "'Free world needs a new leader': Europe defends Zelenskyy after Trump attack". Politico. Retrieved March 9, 2025. "European leaders on Friday rallied to defend Ukrainian President"
581. ^ "European leaders rally behind Zelensky after explosive exchange with Trump". Le Monde. March 1, 2025. Retrieved March 9, 2025. "which saw Zelensky depart the White House without signing an expected mineral deal, European leaders rushed to his defense"
582. ^ Haltiwanger, John (February 28, 2025). "Trump's Angry Meeting With Zelensky Prompts Reactions Worldwide". Foreign Policy. Retrieved March 9, 2025. "a wave of messages of support for Ukraine and Zelensky from many corners, including Democrats, Ukraine's European allies, and even some of Trump's former advisors."
583. ^ Ewing, Giselle Ruhiyyih (February 28, 2025). "'The insolent pig finally got a proper slap': Russia celebrates Trump's Zelenskyy takedown". Politico. Retrieved March 9, 2025. "Russian leaders cheered after President Donald Trump and Vice President JD Vance dealt Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy a brutal smackdown in the Oval Office Friday"
584. ^ McArthur, Tom; Lukiv, Jaroslav (March 1, 2025). "Donald Trump accuses Zelensky of 'gambling with World War Three'". BBC News. Retrieved March 9, 2025. "Trump told Zelensky he was not thankful enough for US military and political support, and that he was "gambling with World War Three""
585. ^ Parkinson, John; Peller, Lauren; Pecorin, Allison; Jones, Arthur II (February 28, 2025). "Democrats dismayed, Republicans applaud after White House says Trump kicked out Zelenskyy". ABC News. Retrieved March 9, 2025. "Congressional Republicans on Friday were nearly unanimous in their praise of President Donald Trump...Democrats, on the other hand, were dismayed by the jarring"
586. ^ Klepper, David; Superville, Darlene (March 6, 2025). "Trump administration pauses flow of intelligence to Ukraine that helps on battlefield". Associated Press News. Retrieved March 9, 2025. "The U.S. has paused its intelligence sharing with Ukraine, cutting off the flow of vital information"
587. ^ Goudsward, Andrew (February 7, 2025). "Trump administration disbands task force targeting Russian oligarchs". Reuters. Retrieved March 4, 2025.
588. ^ Baldor, Lolita; Klepper, David (March 4, 2025). "Hegseth orders suspension of Pentagon's offensive cyberoperations against Russia". Associated Press. Retrieved March 4, 2025.
589. ^ Shalal, Andrea; Ljunggren, David; Heavey, Susan; Jones, Ryan (February 14, 2025). "Trump says Russia should be readmitted to G7". Reuters. Retrieved March 4, 2025.
590. ^ "Trump extends sanctions against Russia for year over invasion of Ukraine". Ukrinform. February 27, 2025.
591. ^ Banco, Erin (March 4, 2025). "White House seeks plan for possible Russia sanctions relief, sources say". Reuters. Retrieved March 5, 2025.
592. ^ Ebel, Francesca (March 2, 2025). "Washington now 'largely aligns' with Moscow's vision, Kremlin says". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 4, 2025. Retrieved March 5, 2025.
593. ^ a b Yourish, Karen; Lipton, Eric; Gamio, Lazaro (January 17, 2025). "An Illustrated Guide to Trump's Conflict of Interest Risks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 18, 2025.
594. ^ a b Schouten, Fredreka (January 8, 2025). "Gold-plated watches and electoral map sneakers: Trump's newest merchandise raises conflict of interest questions". CNN. Retrieved January 18, 2025.
595. ^ Baker, Peter (February 12, 2025). "Trump and Musk Hunt for Corruption, Very Selectively". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
596. ^ Lipton, Eric; Haberman, Maggie (February 17, 2025). "With Congress Pliant, an Emboldened Trump Pushes His Business Interests". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
597. ^ Breuninger, Kevin (March 29, 2024). "Trump's deals to sell Bibles, sneakers and perfume are unprecedented for a presidential candidate, experts say". CNBC. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
598. ^ Habeshian, Sareen (March 29, 2024). "Sneakers and Bibles: What's behind Trump's growing merch trove". Axios. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
599. ^ Kim, Soo Rin; Ibssa, Lalee (March 28, 2024). "Trump endorses line of Bibles -- after selling shoes, NFTs and more". ABC News. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
600. ^ Anderson, Zac; Mansfield, Erin (April 18, 2024). "Trump is funneling campaign money into cash-strapped businesses. Experts say it looks bad". USA Today. Archived from the original on April 20, 2024. Retrieved April 21, 2024.
601. ^ a b c Schouten, Fredreka (January 23, 2025). "'The gloves are off': Trump appears poised to cash in from his presidency in new ways". CNN. Archived from the original on January 23, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
602. ^ a b Lipton, Eric (February 1, 2025). "Ethics Pledges by Trump Cabinet Draw Questions and Skepticism". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
603. ^ Sicard, Sarah (January 20, 2025). "Tracking Trump's national-security conflicts of interest". Defense One. Archived from the original on January 22, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
604. ^ a b Weissert, Will (January 22, 2025). "Trump has canceled Biden's ethics rules. Critics call it the opposite of 'drain the swamp'". The Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 23, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
605. ^ Holland, Steve; Bose, Nandita (February 11, 2025). "Trump loosens enforcement of US law banning bribery of foreign officials". Reuters. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
606. ^ Breuninger, Kevin (January 31, 2025). "Trump Media gifts DJT shares to FBI pick Kash Patel, Linda McMahon and president's son". CNBC. Retrieved February 1, 2025.
607. ^ Goodman, Jasper (January 18, 2025). "Trump launches crypto meme coin, ballooning net worth ahead of inauguration". Politico. Retrieved January 18, 2025.
608. ^ Lipton, Eric; Yaffe-Bellany, David (January 19, 2025). "Trump's Cryptocurrency Surges to Become One of the World's Most Valuable". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 19, 2025.
609. ^ Romm, Tony (January 19, 2025). "Trump promotes meme coin, raising ethics issues as value soars". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 19, 2025.
610. ^ Kottke, Jason (February 14, 2025). "The Venn Diagram of Trump's Authoritarian Actions". kottke.org. Retrieved February 14, 2025.
611. ^ Sandbu, Martin (January 30, 2025). "Donald Trump's administrative self-coup". Financial Times. Retrieved February 14, 2025. "This assault on both Congress's power of the purse and on the US's administrative state is as much of a self-coup as was the spurring of insurrectionists on January 6, 2021."
612. ^ Norris, Alex (February 13, 2025). "Is It a Coup?". Liberal Currents. Retrieved February 14, 2025. "Verdict: Self coup, in-progress, success still unknown"
613. ^ Morgebesser, Lee (February 13, 2025). "Why we should be worried about Elon Musk's siege of the US government". The Independent. Retrieved February 14, 2025. "More accurately, Musk's siege amounts to a form of 'state capture'. This refers to 'the appropriation of state resources by political actors for their own ends: either private or political.'"
614. ^ a b Brenan, Megan (January 29, 2025). "Trump's Inaugural Approval Rating Is Historically Low Again". Gallup, Inc. Retrieved February 23, 2025.
615. ^ Salvanto, Anthony; De Pinto, Jennifer; Backus, Fred; Khanna, Kabir (February 9, 2025). "CBS News poll — Trump has positive approval amid "energetic" opening weeks; seen as doing what he promised - CBS News". CBS News. Retrieved February 13, 2025.
616. ^ Best, Ryan; Bycoffe, Aaron; King, Ritchie; Mehta, Dhrumil; Wiederkehr, Anna (June 28, 2018). "Donald Trump : Approval Polls". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on September 15, 2023. Retrieved February 23, 2025.

* v
* t
* e

Second presidency of Donald Trump (2025–present)

* Previous: Biden administration

* See also: First Trump administration

General|

* Appointments
* ambassadors
* attorneys
* Cabinet
* Vance vice presidency
* Executive orders
* Legal affairs
* Opinion polling
* Pardons
* January 6 defendants
* Proclamations
* Trips
* 2025
* international
* Marco Rubio

Events|

| Timeline|

* First 100 days
* 2025
* Q1
* Q2

|

Speeches|

* Joint address to Congress
* Liberation Day speech

Other|

* Transition
* Inauguration

Policies|

| Domestic|

* Action against law firms
* DEI
* Department of Government Efficiency
* deferred resignation
* mass layoffs
* targets
* USAID
* Dismissals of inspectors general
* Federal funding freeze
* Federal hiring freeze
* Gulf of America
* NOAA
* Office of Shipbuilding
* Online resource removals
* Transgender people
* White House Faith Office

|

Economic|

* Stargate Project
* Tariffs
* China trade war
* Canada and Mexico trade war
* European Union tariffs
* "Reciprocal tariffs"

Environment|

* Paris Agreement withdrawal

Foreign|

* Expansionism
* Canada
* Gaza Strip
* Greenland
* Munich Security Conference
* Russia–Ukraine War
* Putin call
* Saudi Arabia summit
* Zelenskyy Oval Office meeting
* minerals agreement
* peace talks
* Withdrawal from WHO
* Yemen attacks
* Signal group chat leak

Immigration|

* Deportation of immigrants
* Deportation of Venezuelans
* J.G.G. v. Trump
* Deportation of Kilmar Abrego Garcia
* Activist deportations
* Mahmoud Khalil
* Rasha Alawieh
* Rümeysa Öztürk
* Laken Riley Act
* Jocelyn Nungaray National Wildlife Refuge
* Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center

Protests|

* 50501
* protests
* Anti-deportation protests
* Canadian boycott
* Day Without Immigrants
* Department of Justice resignations
* Economic Blackout
* Response to Elon Musk's role
* DOGE lawsuits
* People's March
* Stand Up for Science 2025
* Hands Off protest

Related|

* 2024 election
* Trump campaign
* Agenda 47
* Anti-LGBTQ movement
* Border crisis
* Donald Trump and fascism
* Kennedy Center
* Project 2025
* Trumpism

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Donald Trump

* 45th (2017–2021) and 47th (2025–present) President of the United States

Life and
politics|

* Business career
* The Trump Organization
* legal affairs
* business projects in Russia
* links between business partners and Russian government officials
* wealth
* tax returns
* Trump Media & Technology Group
* Media career
* The Apprentice
* American football
* Golf
* Honors and awards
* Political positions
* Trumpism
* Relationship to fascism
* Relationship to antisemitism
* Views on the American Civil War
* Rhetoric
* 2021 CPAC speech
* Endorsements
* False or misleading statements
* Promotion of conspiracy theories
* Protests
* timeline
* Racial views
* Security incidents
* Las Vegas rally incident
* Attempted assassinations
* in Pennsylvania
* raised-fist photographs
* perpetrator
* in Florida
* suspect
* Age and health concerns
* Religion

Family|

* Ivana Trump (first wife)
* Marla Maples (second wife)
* Melania Trump (third wife)
* Donald Trump Jr. (son)
* Ivanka Trump (daughter)
* Eric Trump (son)
* Tiffany Trump (daughter)
* Fred Trump (father)
* Mary Anne MacLeod Trump (mother)
* Maryanne Trump Barry (sister)
* Fred Trump Jr. (brother)
* Robert Trump (brother)
* Frederick Trump (grandfather)
* Elizabeth Christ Trump (grandmother)
* Jared Kushner (son-in-law)
* Lara Trump (daughter-in-law)
* Michael Boulos (son-in-law)
* Vanessa Trump (former daughter-in-law)
* Blaine Trump (former sister-in-law)
* Amalija Knavs (mother-in-law)
* John G. Trump (uncle)
* Mary L. Trump (niece)
* Fred Trump III (nephew)
* John W. Walter (cousin)

Books|

* The Art of the Deal (1987)
* Trump: Surviving at the Top (1990)
* Trump: The Art of the Comeback (1997)
* The America We Deserve (2000)
* Trump: How to Get Rich (2004)
* The Way to the Top (2004)
* Trump 101 (2006)
* Why We Want You to Be Rich (2006)
* Think Big and Kick Ass (2007)
* Time to Get Tough (2011)
* Midas Touch (2011)
* Crippled America (2015)
* Our Journey Together (2021)
* Letters to Trump (2023)
* Save America (2024)

Campaigns|

* 2000 presidential campaign
* 2016 presidential campaign
* announcement
* "Make America Great Again"
* hat
* rallies
* links between campaign officials and Russian government officials
* Crossfire Hurricane
* 2016 Republican primaries
* debates
* running mate selection
* convention
* 2016 general election
* endorsements
* debates
* reactions
* transition
* Republican opposition
* Never Trump movement
* 2016
* Mitt Romney speech
* 2020
* 2024
* Sexual misconduct allegations
* Access Hollywood recording
* 2020 presidential campaign
* rallies
* 2020 Tulsa rally
* 2020 Republican primaries
* convention
* 2020 general election
* political endorsements
* non-political endorsements
* debates
* attempts to overturn
* fake electors plot
* Chesebro memos
* Eastman memos
* lawsuits
* Texas v. Pennsylvania
* Jeffrey Clark letter
* Republican reactions to Trump's election fraud claims
* Biden transition
* 2024 presidential campaign
* annoucement
* rallies
* 2024 Republican primaries
* debates
* running mate selection
* convention
* 2024 general election
* eligibility
* endorsements
* debates
* transition
* Kamala is for they/them (attack ad)
* Trump Bible
* "God Bless the U.S.A." (campaign song)
* "Y.M.C.A." (campaign song)

Legal affairs|

* FBI investigation into handling of government documents
* FBI search of Mar-a-Lago
* Gulf of Mexico–America naming dispute
* New York investigations of the Trump Organization
* Stormy Daniels scandal
* civil
* criminal
* Carroll v. Trump
* Trump v. United States (2022)
* State prosecutions
* Georgia
* New York
* Smith special counsel investigation
* Federal prosecution
* classified documents case
* election obstruction case
* Trump mug shot
* Trump v. United States (2024)

Related|

* Family
* Foundation
* In popular culture
* Best Sex I've Ever Had
* Trump dance
* filmography
* in music
* SNL parodies
* Residences
* 85-15 Wareham Place
* Trump Tower
* penthouse apartment
* Bedminster
* Mar-a-Lago
* The Visionary
* Colorado State Capitol portrait
* Social media
* media use
* conflict
* Twitter
* wiretapping allegations
* Real News Update
* covfefe
* Donald J. Trump State Park
* Nicknames used
* Trump Force One
* Trump derangement syndrome
* Fort Trump
* Support groups
* Bikers for Trump
* Blacks for Trump
* Black Voices for Trump
* Gays for Trump
* Women for Trump
* Pseudonyms
* Wikipedia coverage

* ← Barack Obama
* ← Joe Biden →

* * *

* Category

* v
* t
* e

JD Vance

* 50th Vice President of the United States (2025–present)
* U.S. Senator from Ohio (2023–2025)

Vice Presidency|

* Trump transition
* Munich Security Conference speech
* 2025 Trump–Zelenskyy Oval Office meeting
* Signal group chat leak

Politics|

* Political positions
* Senate tenure
* Rockbridge Network
* Springfield pet-eating hoax

Elections|

| U.S. Senate|

* 2022

|

Vice presidential|

* 2024 campaign
* selection
* convention
* debate
* election

Works|

* Hillbilly Elegy
* film
* Dawn's Early Light (foreword)
* Unhumans (blurb)

Family|

* Usha Vance (wife)

* ← Kamala Harris

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

Presidents of the United States

Presidents and
presidencies|

1. George Washington (1789–1797)
2. John Adams (1797–1801)
3. Thomas Jefferson (1801–1809)
4. James Madison (1809–1817)
5. James Monroe (1817–1825)
6. John Quincy Adams (1825–1829)
7. Andrew Jackson (1829–1837)
8. Martin Van Buren (1837–1841)
9. William Henry Harrison (1841)
10. John Tyler (1841–1845)
11. James K. Polk (1845–1849)
12. Zachary Taylor (1849–1850)
13. Millard Fillmore (1850–1853)
14. Franklin Pierce (1853–1857)
15. James Buchanan (1857–1861)
16. Abraham Lincoln (1861–1865)
17. Andrew Johnson (1865–1869)
18. Ulysses S. Grant (1869–1877)
19. Rutherford B. Hayes (1877–1881)
20. James A. Garfield (1881)
21. Chester A. Arthur (1881–1885)
22. Grover Cleveland (1885–1889)
23. Benjamin Harrison (1889–1893)
24. Grover Cleveland (1893–1897)
25. William McKinley (1897–1901)
26. Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909)
27. William Howard Taft (1909–1913)
28. Woodrow Wilson (1913–1921)
29. Warren G. Harding (1921–1923)
30. Calvin Coolidge (1923–1929)
31. Herbert Hoover (1929–1933)
32. Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1945)
33. Harry S. Truman (1945–1953)
34. Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953–1961)
35. John F. Kennedy (1961–1963)
36. Lyndon B. Johnson (1963–1969)
37. Richard Nixon (1969–1974)
38. Gerald Ford (1974–1977)
39. Jimmy Carter (1977–1981)
40. Ronald Reagan (1981–1989)
41. George H. W. Bush (1989–1993)
42. Bill Clinton (1993–2001)
43. George W. Bush (2001–2009)
44. Barack Obama (2009–2017)
45. Donald Trump (2017–2021)
46. Joe Biden (2021–2025)
47. Donald Trump (2025–present)

Presidency
timelines|

* Washington
* J. Adams
* McKinley
* T. Roosevelt
* Taft
* Wilson
* Harding
* Coolidge
* Hoover
* F. D. Roosevelt
* Truman
* Eisenhower
* Kennedy
* L. B. Johnson
* Nixon
* Ford
* Carter
* Reagan
* G. H. W. Bush
* Clinton
* G. W. Bush
* Obama
* Trump
* Biden

* Category
* List

* v
* t
* e

Republican Party

* History
* National Union Party
* Third Party System
* Fourth Party System
* Fifth Party System
* Sixth Party System

Presidential
tickets,
national
conventions,
and
presidential
primaries|

* 1856 (Philadelphia): Frémont/Dayton
* 1860 (Chicago): Lincoln/Hamlin
* 1864 (Baltimore): Lincoln/Johnson
* 1868 (Chicago): Grant/Colfax
* 1872 (Philadelphia): Grant/Wilson
* 1876 (Cincinnati): Hayes/Wheeler
* 1880 (Chicago): Garfield/Arthur
* 1884 (Chicago): Blaine/Logan
* 1888 (Chicago): Harrison/Morton
* 1892 (Minneapolis): Harrison/Reid
* 1896 (Saint Louis): McKinley/Hobart
* 1900 (Philadelphia): McKinley/Roosevelt
* 1904 (Chicago): Roosevelt/Fairbanks
* 1908 (Chicago): Taft/Sherman
* 1912 (Chicago): Taft/Sherman/Butler
* primaries
* 1916 (Chicago): Hughes/Fairbanks
* primaries
* 1920 (Chicago): Harding/Coolidge
* primaries
* 1924 (Cleveland): Coolidge/Dawes
* primaries
* 1928 (Kansas City): Hoover/Curtis
* primaries
* 1932 (Chicago): Hoover/Curtis
* primaries
* 1936 (Cleveland): Landon/Knox
* primaries
* 1940 (Philadelphia): Willkie/McNary
* primaries
* 1944 (Chicago): Dewey/Bricker
* primaries
* 1948 (Philadelphia): Dewey/Warren
* primaries
* 1952 (Chicago): Eisenhower/Nixon
* primaries
* 1956 (San Francisco): Eisenhower/Nixon
* primaries
* 1960 (Chicago): Nixon/Lodge
* primaries
* 1964 (San Francisco): Goldwater/Miller
* primaries
* 1968 (Miami Beach): Nixon/Agnew
* primaries
* 1972 (Miami Beach): Nixon/Agnew
* primaries
* 1976 (Kansas City): Ford/Dole
* primaries
* 1980 (Detroit): Reagan/G. H. W. Bush
* primaries
* 1984 (Dallas): Reagan/G. H. W. Bush
* primaries
* 1988 (New Orleans): G. H. W. Bush/Quayle
* primaries
* 1992 (Houston): G. H. W. Bush/Quayle
* primaries
* 1996 (San Diego): Dole/Kemp
* primaries
* 2000 (Philadelphia): G. W. Bush/Cheney
* primaries
* 2004 (New York): G. W. Bush/Cheney
* primaries
* 2008 (St. Paul): McCain/Palin
* primaries
* 2012 (Tampa): Romney/Ryan
* primaries
* 2016 (Cleveland): Trump/Pence
* primaries
* 2020 (Charlotte/other locations): Trump/Pence
* primaries
* 2024 (Milwaukee): Trump/Vance
* primaries
* 2028 (Houston)

Presidential
administrations|

* Lincoln (1861–1865)
* Johnson (1865–1868)
* Grant (1869–1877)
* Hayes (1877–1881)
* Garfield (1881)
* Arthur (1881–1885)
* Harrison (1889–1893)
* McKinley (1897–1901)
* Roosevelt (1901–1909)
* Taft (1909–1913)
* Harding (1921–1923)
* Coolidge (1923–1929)
* Hoover (1929–1933)
* Eisenhower (1953–1961)
* Nixon (1969–1974)
* Ford (1974–1977)
* Reagan (1981–1989)
* G. H. W. Bush (1989–1993)
* G. W. Bush (2001–2009)
* Trump (2017–2021; 2025–present)

U.S. Senate
leaders
and
Conference
chairs|

* J. P. Hale (1859–1862)
* Anthony (1862–1884)
* Sherman (1884–1885)
* Edmunds (1885–1891)
* Sherman (1891–1897)
* Allison (1897–1908)
* E. Hale (1908–1911)
* Cullom (1911–1913)
* Gallinger (1913–1918)
* Lodge (1918–1924)
* Curtis (1924–1929)
* Watson (1929–1933)
* McNary (1933–1940)
* Austin (1940–1941)
* McNary (1941–1944)
* White (1944–1949)
* Wherry (1949–1952)
* Bridges (1952–1953)
* Taft (1953)
* Knowland (1953–1959)
* Dirksen (1959–1969)
* Scott (1969–1977)
* Baker (1977–1979)
* Stevens (1979–1980)
* Baker (1980–1985)
* Dole (1985–1996)
* Lott (1996–2003)
* Frist (2003–2007)
* McConnell (2007–2025)
* Thune (2025–present)

U.S. House
leaders,
Speakers,
and
Conference
chairs|

* Pennington (1860–1861)
* Grow (1861–1863)
* Colfax (1863–1869)
* Pomeroy (1869)
* Blaine (1869–1875)
* McCrary (1875–1877)
* Hale (1877–1879)
* Frye (1879–1881)
* Keifer (1881–1883)
* Cannon (1883–1889)
* Reed (1889–1891)
* T. J. Henderson (1891–1895)
* Reed (1895–1899)
* D. B. Henderson (1899–1903)
* Cannon (1903–1911)
* Mann (1911–1919)
* Gillett (1919–1925)
* Longworth (1925–1931)
* Snell (1931–1939)
* Martin (1939–1959)
* Halleck (1959–1965)
* Ford (1965–1973)
* Rhodes (1973–1981)
* Michel (1981–1995)
* Gingrich (1995–1999)
* Hastert (1999–2007)
* Boehner (2007–2015)
* Ryan (2015–2019)
* McCarthy (2019–2023)
* Johnson (2023–present)

RNC|

| Chairs|

* Morgan
* Raymond
* Ward
* Claflin
* Morgan
* Chandler
* Cameron
* Jewell
* Sabin
* Jones
* Quay
* Clarkson
* Campbell
* Carter
* Hanna
* Payne
* Cortelyou
* New
* Hitchcock
* Hill
* Rosewater
* Hilles
* Wilcox
* Hays
* Adams
* Butler
* Work
* Huston
* Fess
* Sanders
* Fletcher
* Hamilton
* Martin
* Walsh
* Spangler
* Brownell
* Reece
* Scott
* Gabrielson
* Summerfield
* Roberts
* Hall
* Alcorn
* T. Morton
* Miller
* Burch
* Bliss
* R. Morton
* Dole
* Bush
* Smith
* Brock
* Richards
* Laxalt/Fahrenkopf
* Fahrenkopf
* Atwater
* Yeutter
* Bond
* Barbour
* Nicholson
* Gilmore
* Racicot
* Gillespie
* Mehlman
* Martínez/Duncan
* Duncan
* Steele
* Priebus
* McDaniel
* Whatley

|

Chair elections|

* 2009
* 2011
* 2013
* 2015
* 2017
* 2019
* 2021
* 2023
* 2024

Parties by
state and
territory|

| State|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

|

Territory|

* American Samoa
* District of Columbia
* Guam
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Puerto Rico
* Virgin Islands

Affiliated
organizations|

| Congress|

* House Conference
* Legislative Digest
* Steering and Policy Committees
* Senate Conference
* Policy Committee
* Factions
* Freedom Caucus
* Problem Solvers Caucus
* Republican Governance Group
* Republican Study Committee

|

Fundraising
groups|

* National Republican Congressional Committee
* National Republican Redistricting Trust
* National Republican Senatorial Committee
* Republican Attorneys General Association
* Republican Governors Association

Sectional
groups|

* College Republicans
* Chairmen
* Congressional Hispanic Conference
* Log Cabin Republicans
* National Black Republican Association
* Republican Hindu Coalition
* Republican Jewish Coalition
* Republican National Hispanic Assembly
* Republicans Abroad
* Teen Age Republicans
* Young Republicans
* Republicans Overseas
* High School Republican National Federation

Factional
groups|

* Republican Main Street Partnership
* Republican Majority for Choice
* Republican Liberty Caucus
* Republican National Coalition for Life
* ConservAmerica
* Liberty Caucus
* Ripon Society
* The Wish List

Related|

* Primaries
* Debates
* Bibliography
* International Democracy Union
* Timeline of modern American conservatism
* Trumpism

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template