Security Force Assistance Brigade

Specialized type of United States Army unit

For the British Army brigade, see 11th Security Force Assistance Brigade.

1st Security Force Assistance Brigade activation ceremony

A Security Force Assistance Brigade (SFAB) (pronounced ESS-fab[1]) is a specialized United States Army unit formed to conduct security force assistance (SFA) missions: to train, advise, assist, enable and accompany operations with allied and partner nations.[2] SFABs are intended to reduce the burden of such operations on conventionally-organized Brigade Combat Teams (BCTs), allowing BCTs to focus on fighting near-peer threats.

Designed on the model of a standard infantry brigade combat team, SFABs are composed of roughly 800 personnel, primarily commissioned and non-commissioned officers selected from regular and National Guard Army units and given additional training at the Military Advisor Training Academy (MATA) at Fort Benning, Georgia.

## History

[edit]

During the War in Afghanistan (2001-2021) and the War in Iraq (2003-2010) the Department of Defense attempted to build foreign armies, other military forces, police forces, and other security forces.

United States MiTTs trained the Iraqi Army and National Police and ETTs did the same in Afghanistan. Training over 350,000 soldiers and police between the two nations MiTTs and ETTs were heavily employed but suffered from a lack of standardization in programs of instructions, force structure, and selection criteria. Trying to draw lessons from these experiences the U.S. Army utilized portions of Brigade Combat Teams (BCTs) as Regionally Aligned Forces (RAF). Utilizing BCTs as RAF as the primary mechanism to deliver training and assistance did improve performance. However, as the primary role of brigade combat teams were seen as winning in conventional regular warfare, rather than irregular operations, RAFs were not seen as sufficient. Therefore, Security Force Assistance Brigades were created as a dedicated answer from 2017.

From August 2017 to May 2020 the Army established six Security Force Assistance Brigades (SFABs). Originally designed to provide advice, assist, and accompany capabilities to Afghan, Iraqi, and Peshmerga Security Forces, the Army reorganized SFABs in 2019 to meet the global challenges inherent to strategic competition. With the completion of global alignment in summer 2021, SFABs transitioned and assumed a role the Secretary and Chief of Staff of the Army described as “the Army’s leading edge of campaigning.” In addition to providing Combatant Commands’ persistent, predictable, and effective capabilities during competition, SFABs help marshal United States allies and partners. SFABs’ role in crisis and conflict has not only been tested during Combat Training Center rotations and Warfighter Exercises, it was put to use as part of EUCOM and NATO's assure and deter operations during Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.[3][4][5]

* Security Force Assistance Command

* 4th Security Force Assistance Brigade

* 5th Security Force Assistance Brigade

## Overview

[edit]

"Soldiers:" A Security Force Assistance Brigade overview video (4:08)

The mission of the SFAB is to carry out training, advise, and assist (TAA) missions overseas with foreign nation military partners. SFABs are the United States Army's latest solution to providing dedicated and trained personnel to relieve the Brigade Combat Teams from performing combat advisory missions and enable them to focus on their primary combat mission. [6] Before SFABs, the combat advisory role was filled by non-commissioned officers and commissioned officers detailed from the Brigade Combat Teams to train host nation military forces, leaving critical leadership billets unfilled. Operating in units with roughly 800 personnel, SFABs are designed to be versatile and deployable worldwide and are made up exclusively of NCOs and officers, however E-4s with promotable status are accepted and receive promotion to sergeant (E-5) upon graduation of MATA.[7]

SFABs are conventional units composed of volunteers recruited from units across the Regular Army. Volunteers undergo a five-day assessment at Fort Benning which evaluates a candidate's physical fitness, decision-making, problem solving, and communications skills as well as their ethics and morals.[8] All SFAB volunteers then attend MATA training. Trainees may receive additional language training, culture training, foreign weapons training and medical training, among other topics.[9][10] The SFABs are equipped with secure, but unclassified communications gear, utilizing T2C2 (Transportable Tactical Command Communications) systems, a novel type of backpack satellite voice and data terminals.[11][12] CECOM is augmenting this gear with vehicle-mounted, and hand-carried radios.[13]

In March 2020, Logistics Advisor Team 1610, 6th Battalion, 1st Security Force Assistance Brigade delivered a Vehicle Maintenance and Recovery Course to the Senegalese Army in Dakar, Senegal. This was 1st SFAB's first mission in USARAF's area of responsibility.[14]

The existence of SFABs are part of a broader trend by the US military to specialize in the provision of military aid and assistance to "weak states" in trying to stand up capable security institutions in the host-nation. However, it is unclear if the SFABs will be able to overcome the "three SFA traps" of trying to create an effective military in a recipient state that cannot afford an army, views their army as a threat, or uses that army to consolidate power and settle scores with rivals.[15]

### SFAB organizational structure

[edit]

* Infantry security force assistance brigade structure[16]

* Armored security force assistance brigade structure[16]

* Security force assistance brigade advising team structure[16]

The 1st Security Force Assistance Brigade was the first SFAB raised in the United States Army. Based in Fort Benning, Georgia the 1st SFAB is made up of the first graduates of MATA and are under the command of Colonel [17] Christopher Landers and Command Sergeant Major Christopher Goodart. On February 8, 2018, the 1st SFAB held its official activation ceremony at the National Infantry Museum on Fort Benning, Georgia.[18] The Army plans to raise a total of six SFABs, five of which will be in the active duty Army, and one in the Army National Guard.[19] The Indiana Army National Guard is providing the headquarters for the newly designated 54th SFAB. 1st Battalion is being organized by the Georgia Army National Guard.[20] Two battalions are being organized by the Florida Army National Guard, the 3rd Squadron, 54th Cavalry, and the 2nd Infantry Battalion.[21][22]

According to Meghann Myers, the U.S. Army prioritized installations that are also home to divisions, with a two-star general on site to provide guidance and facilitate training, as homes for the Security Force Assistance Brigades.[23]

On May 18, 2018, the Army announced that the Security Force Assistance Command (SFAC) will be established at Fort Bragg. This division-level Command,[24] led by a Brigadier General, will oversee the Army's six Security Force Assistance Brigades, as well as the MATA[25] for SFAB training and oversight.[26] SFAC and 2nd SFAB were activated on 3 December 2018 at Fort Bragg;[24] BG Mark Landes and BG Donn Hill are the Commanding Generals of SFAC and 2nd SFAB, respectively.[24]

By 2020, the SFABs are to include missions to US Central Command, US Southern Command, US Indo-Pacific Command, and US Africa Command.[27] According to a US military journal, "such specialized security force assistance units is a stopgap measure that frees up more resources for conventional warfare, allowing the rest of the US military to focus on combined-arms training and equipping for conflict and competition with China and Russia."[28]

## SFAB recruiting

[edit]

The SFAB Recruiting and Retention Team[29] was formed to provide SFAB leader development briefs and recruit Army-wide Soldiers and leaders for SFAB opportunities. Eligible Soldiers volunteer for SFAB assignments by completing two SFAB Volunteer forms[30] DA Form 4187 (Personnel Request) and SF 600 (Medical Screening) and e-mailing both to the Human Resources Command (HRC) SFAB Team for screening. On May 15, 2018, Army officials released new guidance on the Army's Selective Retention Bonus (SRB) Program, which includes first-ever bonuses up to $52,000 for those who reenlist for critical Security Forces Assistance Brigade positions.[31]

## List of Security Force Assistance Brigades

[edit]

Security Force Assistance Units  Unit name  | Shoulder sleeve insignia | Distinctive unit insignia | Beret flash | Unit location  | Aligned to  | Status

|
|
|
|
|
|

Security Force Assistance Command |  |  |  | Fort Bragg, North Carolina |  | Active[24]
1st Security Force Assistance Brigade |  |  | Fort Benning, Georgia | SOUTHCOM | Active
2nd Security Force Assistance Brigade |  |  | Fort Bragg, North Carolina  | AFRICOM | Active[32][24]
3rd Security Force Assistance Brigade |  |  | Fort Hood, Texas | CENTCOM | Active
4th Security Force Assistance Brigade[33][34] |  |  | Fort Carson, Colorado | EUCOM | Active[33][35]
5th Security Force Assistance Brigade |  |  | Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington | INDOPACOM | Active[36][37][26]
54th Security Force Assistance Brigade (National Guard)[20][38] |  |  | HHC: Indiana, 1st Battalion: Georgia, 2nd & 3rd Battalions: Florida, 4th Battalion: Texas, 5th Battalion: Ohio, and 6th Battalion: Illinois[38] |  | Active[33][38]
Brown beret of the SFABs (1st SFAB flash and DUI depicted)

## See also

[edit]

* 11th Security Force Assistance Brigade \- British Army equivalent.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ 1st Security Force Assistance Brigade Archived March 10, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The U.S. Army YouTube Channel, dated 6 March 2018, last accessed 9 March 2022
2. ^ "Operational and Organizational Concept" (PDF). Fort Benning. April 4, 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 22, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
3. ^ U.S. Army Public Affairs (23 Sep 2022) 4th SFAB ACOET Media Roundtable
4. ^ Chief of Staff Paper #1 (16 Mar 2021) Army Multi-Domain Transformation: Ready to Win in Competition and Conflict Archived May 16, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
5. ^ Chief of Staff Paper #2 (1 March 2021) The Army in Military Competition Archived June 2, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
6. ^ Lopez, C. Todd (May 18, 2017). "Security force assistance brigades to free brigade combat teams from advise, assist mission". U.S. Army. Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
7. ^ Truckley, Joseph (November 2, 2017). "1st Security Force Assistance Brigade promotes first Soldiers under new promotion policy". U.S. Army. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
8. ^ Albright, Mark (June 6, 2019). "So you want to be an SFAB Advisor? Here's how..." U.S. Army. Archived from the original on January 3, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
9. ^ Nunez, Arjenis (November 3, 2017). "1st SFAB Assesses Candidates". U.S. Army. Archived from the original on July 24, 2018. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
10. ^ Fleming, Kevin (December 21, 2017). "Equipping SFABs: A 'Rubik's Cube' of logistics". U.S. Army. Archived from the original on January 13, 2018. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
11. ^ Erwin, Sandra (October 8, 2018). "Army buying portable satcom gear that fits in soldiers' backpacks". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on April 24, 2023. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
12. ^ ASA(ALT) Weapon Systems Handbook 2018, T2C2
13. ^ Prater, Scott (July 23, 2019). "4th SFAB gearing up with high tech". Fort Carson Mountaineer. Archived from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
* For the Humvee-mounted retrofits:
1. Replace the alternator.
2. Install a hardened computer.
3. Install 11 different types of radio systems, antennas and components.
14. ^ Matthew Fontaine (7 May 2020). "1st SFAB begins advising mission to Africa with vehicle maintenance training in Senegal" Archived May 15, 2020, at the Wayback Machine.
15. ^ Jahara Matisek, and William Reno (2019). "Getting American Security Force Assistance Right: Political Context Matters". Joint Force Quarterly. 92: 65–73\. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
16. ^ a b c "ATP 3-96.1: Security Force Assistance Brigade" (PDF). Headquarters, Department of the Army. May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
17. ^ Fontaine, Matthew (August 18, 2018). "1st SFAB Commander earns 1st Star and Promotion to Brigadier General". U.S. Army. Archived from the original on August 25, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
18. ^ "1st SFAB hosts activation ceremony; Heraldry announced". U.S. Army. February 8, 2018. Archived from the original on March 2, 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
19. ^ "SFAB » Home". Tradoc News. October 23, 2017. Archived from the original on December 30, 2017. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
20. ^ a b Lowry, Jeff (March 30, 2018). "Indiana National Guard to stand up new assistance brigade". National Guard. Archived from the original on May 22, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
21. ^ Fleischmann, Carmen (May 7, 2018). "Florida officer first Guardsman to complete SFAB training". National Guard. Archived from the original on May 22, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
22. ^ "Florida Soldier becomes first National Guard member to graduate Combat Advisor Training Course". Capital Soup. May 4, 2018. Archived from the original on May 22, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
23. ^ Myers, Meghann (May 21, 2018). "These three posts will be home to the Army's next security force assistance brigades". Army Times. Archived from the original on April 24, 2023. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
24. ^ a b c d e "Security Force Assistance Command, 2nd Security Force Assistance Brigade activate at Fort Bragg". Security Force Assistance Command Public Affairs. December 3, 2018. Archived from the original on December 10, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
25. ^ Brooks, Drew (May 18, 2018). "Fort Bragg will be home to Security Force Assistance Command". The Fayetteville Observer. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
26. ^ a b "Army announces the stationing of three Security Force Assistance Brigades". U.S. Army. May 18, 2018. Archived from the original on May 19, 2018. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
27. ^ "Sean Kimmons (7 May 2020) SFABs look to grow force, expand missions around the world". Archived from the original on May 16, 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
28. ^ Matisek, Jahara; Williamson, Joshua (June 2020). "Limited Wars in the Periphery: The Dilemma of American Military Assistance". Expeditions with MCU Press. doi:10.36304/ExpwMCUP.2020.03.
29. ^ "SFAB Recruiting & Retention Facebook Page". Facebook. September 15, 2017. Archived from the original on January 27, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
30. ^ "SFAB Volunteer Forms". www.armyreenlistment.com. September 15, 2017. Archived from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
31. ^ Kimmons, Sean (May 15, 2018). "Army announces new changes to retention bonuses, kickers". U.S. Army. Archived from the original on May 16, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
32. ^ "Army announces activation of second Security Force Assistance Brigade at Fort Bragg". U.S. Army. December 8, 2017. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
33. ^ a b c "Sean Kimmons, Army News Service (28 April 2020) Latest SFAB activates, prepares for Afghanistan mission". Archived from the original on May 4, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
34. ^ "U.S. Army Public Affairs (23 April 2020) Army announces upcoming 4th Security Forces Assistance Brigade, unit rotation". Archived from the original on March 19, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
35. ^ "4th Security Force Assistance Brigade". Fort Caron. Archived from the original on February 25, 2019. Retrieved February 24, 2019.
36. ^ Final SFAB activates with upcoming missions in Asia, as Army plans a Pacific Pathways restart Archived April 24, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, ArmyTimes, by Kyle Rempfer, dated 30 May 2020, last accessed 31 May 2020
37. ^ "5th Security Force Assistance Brigade Official Facebook page". Facebook. Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
38. ^ a b c "Memorandum for NG J1 RRF (All-Entire RRF), ARNG 54th Security Force Assistance Brigade (SFAB) (SMOM #18-040)" (PDF). National Guard Bureau. April 30, 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 6, 2018. Retrieved October 6, 2018.