Selma (film)

2014 film by Ava DuVernay

Selma

US theatrical release poster

Directed by| Ava DuVernay
Written by|

* Paul Webb

Produced by|

* Christian Colson
* Oprah Winfrey
* Dede Gardner
* Jeremy Kleiner

Starring|

* David Oyelowo
* Tom Wilkinson
* Carmen Ejogo
* Giovanni Ribisi
* Alessandro Nivola
* Cuba Gooding Jr.
* Tim Roth
* Oprah Winfrey

Cinematography| Bradford Young
Edited by| Spencer Averick
Music by| Jason Moran

Production
companies

* Pathé[1]
* Cloud Eight Films[1]
* Plan B Entertainment[1]
* Harpo Films[1]
* Ingenious Media[1]
* Redgill Selma Productions[1]

Distributed by|

* Paramount Pictures (United States and Canada)[1]
* 20th Century Fox (United Kingdom)
* Pathé Distribution (France)

Release dates

* November 11, 2014 (2014-11-11) (AFI Fest)
* December 25, 2014 (2014-12-25) (United States)

Running time

| 128 minutes[2]
Countries|

* France
* United Kingdom[3]
* United States[3]

Language| English
Budget| $20 million[4]
Box office| $67.8 million[4]

Selma is a 2014 historical drama film directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Paul Webb. It is based on the 1965 Selma to Montgomery voting rights marches which were initiated and directed by James Bevel[5][6] and led by Martin Luther King Jr., Hosea Williams, and John Lewis. The film stars actors David Oyelowo as King, Tom Wilkinson as President Lyndon B. Johnson, Tim Roth as George Wallace, Carmen Ejogo as Coretta Scott King, and Common as James Bevel.

Selma premiered at the American Film Institute Festival on November 11, 2014, began a limited US release on December 25, 2014, and expanded into wide theatrical release on January 9, 2015, two months before the 50th anniversary of the march. The film was re-released on March 20, 2015, in honor of the 50th anniversary of the historical march.

The film was nominated for Best Picture and won Best Original Song at the 87th Academy Awards. It also received four Golden Globe Award nominations, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director and Best Actor, and won for Best Original Song.[7]

## Plot

[edit]

In 1964, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) accepts his Nobel Peace Prize. Four black girls walking down stairs in the Birmingham, Alabama 16th Street Baptist Church are killed by a bomb set by the Ku Klux Klan. Annie Lee Cooper attempts to register to vote in Selma, Alabama, but is prevented by the white registrar. King meets with U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and asks for federal legislation to allow black citizens to register to vote unencumbered, but the president responds that, although he understands Dr. King's concerns, he has more important projects. King travels to Selma with Ralph Abernathy, Andrew Young, James Orange, and Diane Nash. James Bevel greets them, and other SCLC activists appear. FBI director J. Edgar Hoover tells Johnson that King is a problem, and suggests they disrupt his marriage. Coretta Scott King has concerns about her husband's upcoming work in Selma. King calls singer Mahalia Jackson to inspire him with a song.

King, other SCLC leaders, and black Selma residents march to the registration office to register. After a confrontation in front of the courthouse, a shoving match occurs as the police go into the crowd. Cooper fights back, knocking Sheriff Jim Clark to the ground, leading to the arrest of Cooper, King, and others.

Alabama Governor George Wallace speaks out against the movement. Coretta meets with Malcolm X, who says he will drive whites to ally with King by advocating a more extreme position. Wallace and Al Lingo decide to use force at an upcoming night march in Marion, Alabama, using state troopers to assault the marchers. A group of protesters runs into a restaurant to hide, but troopers rush in and beat and shoot Jimmie Lee Jackson. King and Bevel meet with Cager Lee, Jackson's grandfather, at the morgue. King speaks to ask people to continue to fight for their rights. Harassing phone calls with a recording of sexual activity implied to be King and another woman lead to an argument with Coretta; she knows it is a fabrication, but the strain of constant death threats has taken its toll on her. King is criticized by members of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).

As the Selma-to-Montgomery march is about to begin, King talks to Young about delaying it for a day so he can spend some time with his family, but Young convinces King to let the march begin as scheduled without him, saying he can join later. The marchers, including John Lewis of SNCC, Hosea Williams of SCLC, and Selma activist Amelia Boynton, cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge and approach a line of state troopers who put on gas masks. The troopers order the marchers to turn back and, when the marchers hold their ground, the troopers attack with clubs, horses, tear gas, and other weapons. Lewis and Boynton are among those badly injured. The attack is shown on national television and the wounded are treated at Brown Chapel, the movement's headquarter church.

Movement attorney Fred Gray asks federal Judge Frank Minis Johnson to let another attempt at the march go forward. President Johnson demands that King and Wallace cease their activities and sends Assistant Attorney General John Doar to convince King to postpone the next march. Numerous white Americans, including Viola Liuzzo, Archbishop Iakovos, and James Reeb, arrive to join the second march. Marchers cross the bridge again and see the state troopers lined up, but the troopers turn aside to let them pass. King, after praying, turns around and leads the group away, which again draws sharp criticism from SNCC activists. That evening, Reeb is beaten to death by an angry white mob on a street in Selma.

After a hearing, Judge Johnson approves the march. President Johnson speaks before a Joint Session of Congress to ask for quick passage of a bill to eliminate restrictions on voting, praising the courage of the activists. The march on the highway to Montgomery takes place, and, when the marchers reach Montgomery, King delivers a speech on the steps of the State Capitol.

## Cast

[edit]

* David Oyelowo as Martin Luther King Jr.[8]
* Tom Wilkinson as Lyndon B. Johnson[9]
* Carmen Ejogo as Coretta Scott King[10]
* André Holland as Andrew Young[11]
* Giovanni Ribisi as Lee C. White[12]
* Lorraine Toussaint as Amelia Boynton Robinson[13]
* Stephan James as John Lewis[14]
* Wendell Pierce as Hosea Williams[15]
* Common as James Bevel[16]
* Alessandro Nivola as John Doar[17]
* LaKeith Stanfield as Jimmie Lee Jackson[18]
* Cuba Gooding Jr. as Fred Gray[19]
* Dylan Baker as J. Edgar Hoover[20]
* Tim Roth as George Wallace[21]
* Oprah Winfrey as Annie Lee Cooper[22]
* Colman Domingo as Ralph Abernathy[23]
* Ruben Santiago-Hudson as Bayard Rustin
* Stephen Root as Al Lingo
* Tessa Thompson as Diane Nash[24]
* Omar Dorsey as James Orange
* Henry G. Sanders as Cager Lee
* Jeremy Strong as James Reeb[25]
* Trai Byers as James Forman[26]
* Corey Reynolds as C. T. Vivian
* Niecy Nash as Richie Jean Jackson[27]
* E. Roger Mitchell as Frederick D. Reese
* Ledisi Young as Mahalia Jackson[28]
* Kent Faulcon as Sullivan Jackson[27]
* John Lavelle as Roy Reed[29]
* Stan Houston as Sheriff Jim Clark
* Nigél Thatch as Malcolm X
* Michael Papajohn as Major John Cloud
* Tara Ochs as Viola Liuzzo
* Michael Shikany as Archbishop Iakovos
* Martin Sheen[30] as Frank Minis Johnson (uncredited)

## Production

[edit]

### Development

[edit]

Director Ava DuVernay

On June 18, 2008, Variety reported that screenwriter Paul Webb had written an original story about Martin Luther King Jr. and Lyndon B. Johnson for Celador's Christian Colson, which would be co-produced with Brad Pitt's Plan B Entertainment.[31] In 2009, Lee Daniels was reportedly in early talks to direct the film, with financing by Pathé. Dede Gardner and Jeremy Kleiner of Plan B joined as co-producers along with participation of Cloud Eight Films.[32] In 2010, reports indicated that The Weinstein Company would join Pathe and Plan B to finance the $22 million film,[33] but by the next month Daniels had signed on with Sony to re-write and direct The Butler.[34] In an interview in August 2010, Daniels said that financing was there for the Selma project, but he had to choose between The Butler and Selma, and chose The Butler.[35]

In July 2013, it was said that Ava DuVernay had signed on to direct the film for Pathé UK and Plan B, and that she was revising the script with the original screenwriter, Paul Webb.[36][37] DuVernay estimated that she re-wrote 90 percent of Webb's original script.[38] Those revisions included rewriting King's speeches, because, in 2009, King's estate licensed them to DreamWorks and Warner Bros. for an untitled project to be produced by Steven Spielberg. Subsequent negotiations between those companies and Selma's producers did not lead to an agreement. DuVernay drafted alternative speeches that evoke the historic ones without violating the copyright. She recalled spending hours listening to King's words while hiking the canyons of Los Angeles. While she did not think she would "get anywhere close to just the beauty and that nuance of his speech patterns", she did identify some of King's basic structure, such as a tendency to speak in triplets (saying one thing in three different ways).[39][40] DuVernay did not receive a screenwriting credit on the finished film due to a stipulation within Webb's original contract that entitled him to the sole credit.[37]

In early 2014, Oprah Winfrey came on board as a producer along with Pitt,[41] and by February 25, 2014, when Paramount Pictures went to the final negotiations for the US and Canadian distribution rights.[42]

On April 4, 2014, it was announced that Bradford Young would be the director of photography of the film.[43]

### Casting

[edit]

In 2010, Daniels (who was the attached director at the time) confirmed that the lead role of King would be played by British actor David Oyelowo. King was one of four main roles played by British actors (the other roles being those of King's wife, President Johnson, and Alabama Governor Wallace).[38] Actors who had confirmed in 2010 but who did not appear in the 2014 production include Robert De Niro, Hugh Jackman, Cedric the Entertainer, Lenny Kravitz, and Liam Neeson.[8][44][45][46][47]

Actor David Oyelowo (L), who portrayed Martin Luther King Jr., and Tom Wilkinson (R), who played president Lyndon B. Johnson

On March 26, 2014, British actor Tom Wilkinson was added to the cast to play US President Lyndon B. Johnson.[9] On April 7, it was announced that British actress Carmen Ejogo would play Dr. King's wife, Coretta Scott King.[10] On April 15, actor and rapper Lakeith Stanfield had reportedly joined the cast to play civil rights protester Jimmie Lee Jackson, who was shot and killed on a nighttime march and whose death led James Bevel to initiate the Selma to Montgomery marches.[18][48] On April 22, Lorraine Toussaint joined the cast to portray Amelia Boynton Robinson, who was very active in the Selma movement before SCLC arrived and was the first African-American woman in Alabama to run for Congress.[13] On April 25, it was announced that R&B singer Ledisi had been added to the cast to play Mahalia Jackson, a singer and friend of King.[28] On May 7, Andre Holland joined the cast to play politician and civil rights activist Andrew Young.[11] On May 8, Tessa Thompson was cast to play the role of Diane Nash, a civil rights activist and founding member of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.[24] On May 9, Deadline confirmed that rapper and actor Common had been cast in the role of James Bevel, the Director of Direct Action and Director of Nonviolent Education of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, who was married to Diane Nash during the events of the film.[16] On May 16, Trai Byers was added to the cast to play James Forman, a civil rights leader active in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.[26] On June 20, Deadline reported that Colman Domingo had been cast to play SCLC activist Ralph Abernathy.[23]

On May 28, Stephan James was confirmed to be portraying the role of SNCC activist John Lewis in the film.[14] On May 29, Wendell Pierce joined the film to play civil rights leader Hosea Williams.[15] On May 30, Cuba Gooding Jr. was set to play civil rights attorney and activist Fred Gray.[19] On June 3, British actor Tim Roth signed on to play Alabama governor George Wallace.[21] On June 4, Niecy Nash joined the cast to play Richie Jean Jackson, a childhood friend of Coretta Scott King and the wife of Dr. Sullivan Jackson (played by Kent Faulcon), while John Lavelle joined to play Roy Reed, a reporter covering the march for The New York Times.[27][29] On June 10, it was announced that the film's producer, Oprah Winfrey, would portray Annie Lee Cooper, a 54-year-old woman who tried to register to vote and was denied by Sheriff Clark—whom she then punched in the jaw and knocked down.[22] Jeremy Strong joined the cast to play James Reeb, a white Unitarian Universalist minister from Boston who was murdered in Selma after the second attempt at the march.[25] On June 12, it was reported that Giovanni Ribisi joined the cast to play Lee C. White, an adviser to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson on strategies regarding the Civil Rights Movement.[12] Alessandro Nivola also joined to play John Doar, a civil rights activist and attorney general for civil rights for the Department of Justice in the 1960s.[17] Dylan Baker was added to the cast on July 17 to play FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, who carried out extensive investigations of King and his associates.[20]

### Filming

[edit]

Historic photo of Alabama State troopers attacking civil rights demonstrators during the first attempt to march from Selma to Montgomery

Principal photography began May 20, 2014, around Atlanta, Georgia.[49][50] Filming took place around Marietta Square[51] and Rockdale County Courthouse in Conyers. The Conyers scene involved a portrayal of federal judge Frank Minis Johnson, who ruled that the third and final march could go forward.[52] In Newton County, Georgia, filming took place at Flat Road, Airport Road, Gregory Road, Conyers, Brown, Ivy and Emory Streets, exteriors on Lee Street, outside shots of the old Newton County Courthouse, shots of the Covington Square, and an interior night shoot at the Townhouse Café on Washington St.[53] In Alabama, scenes were shot in Selma, centering on the Bloody Sunday march to the Edmund Pettus Bridge, and in Montgomery, Alabama, where, in 1965, King led civil rights demonstrators down Dexter Avenue toward the Alabama State Capitol at the conclusion of the third march from Selma.[54]

### Music

[edit]

Jason Moran composed the music for the film, marking his debut in the field.[55] Common (who plays James Bevel) and John Legend released the accompanying track "Glory" in December 2014, ahead of the film's theatrical release. A protest anthem, "Glory" refers to the 2014 Ferguson protests and earned both the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song[56][57] and the Academy Award for Best Original Song.[58] The soundtrack album Selma: Music from the Motion Picture was released digitally on December 23, 2014, and physically on January 13, 2015.[59]

Among the other songs featured in the film was a 1970 cover of a Mahalia Jackson song "Walk with Me Lord" cover by Martha Bass and the Harold Smith Majestics Choir.

## Release

[edit]

Selma premiered in Los Angeles at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre during AFI Fest on November 11, 2014,[60] after which it received a standing ovation.[61] It opened in limited release in the United States on December 25, 2014, including in Los Angeles, New York City, and Atlanta,[62] before its wide opening on January 9, 2015.[63]

The film was screened in the Berlinale Special Galas section of the 65th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2015.[64] It was released by Pathé and their distribution partner 20th Century Fox on February 6, 2015, in the United Kingdom. Paramount Pictures gave the film a limited re-release in the US on March 20, 2015, to honor the historical march's 50th anniversary, and another re-release in January 2021 to celebrate Black History Month.[65] Selma was released on Blu-ray and DVD on April 14, 2015.

## Reception

[edit]

### Critical response

[edit]

Selma received critical acclaim, with particular praise given to DuVernay's direction and Oyelowo's performance, though it was met with some criticism for its historical inaccuracies, which largely centered on the perceived vilification of Johnson and the omission of several prominent Jewish civil rights leaders.[66] On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 99% based on 314 reviews, with an average rating of 8.5/10; the site's critical consensus reads: "Fueled by a gripping performance from David Oyelowo, Selma draws inspiration and dramatic power from the life and death of Martin Luther King Jr. – but doesn't ignore how far we remain from the ideals his work embodied."[67] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 79 out of 100, based on 52 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[68] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale.[69][70][71]

Richard Roeper of The Chicago Sun Times praised the film as "an important history lesson that never feels like a lecture. Once school is back in session, every junior high school class in America should take a field trip to see this movie."[72] Joe Morgenstern, writing for The Wall Street Journal, wrote: "At its best, Ava DuVernay's biographical film honors Dr. King's legacy by dramatizing the racist brutality that spurred him and his colleagues to action."[73] A. O. Scott of The New York Times praised the acting, directing, writing, and cinematography, and wrote: "Even if you think you know what's coming, Selma hums with suspense and surprise. Packed with incident and overflowing with fascinating characters, it is a triumph of efficient, emphatic cinematic storytelling."[74]

Rene Rodriguez, writing in the Miami Herald, commented that:

> Unlike most biopics about heroic men who shaped our history or helped bring about change (such as 2013's Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom or The Butler), Selma doesn't feel like freeze-dried hagiography.[75]

Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote: "DuVernay's look at Martin Luther King's 1965 voting-rights march against racial injustice stings with relevance to the here and now. Oyelowo's stirring, soulful performance as King deserves superlatives."[76] David Denby, writing for The New Yorker, wrote: "This is cinema, more rhetorical, spectacular, and stirring than cable-TV drama."[77] Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post gave the film four out of five stars, and wrote: "With Selma, director Ava DuVernay has created a stirring, often thrilling, uncannily timely drama that works on several levels at once ... she presents [Martin Luther King Jr.] as a dynamic figure of human-scale contradictions, flaws and supremely shrewd political skills."[78]

Praise was not unanimous; writing about why Selma was not nominated for more Academy Awards, Adolph Reed Jr., political science professor at the University of Pennsylvania, opined that "now it's the black (haute) bourgeoisie that suffers injustice on behalf of the black masses."[79]

### Accolades

[edit]

Main article: List of accolades received by Selma

The film won and was nominated for several awards in 2014–15.

## Historical accuracy

[edit]

The historical accuracy of Selma's story has been the subject of controversy about the degree to which artistic license should be used in historical fiction.[80][81] The film was criticized by some for its omission of various individuals and groups historically associated with the Selma marches, while others challenged how particular historical figures in the script were represented.

Most controversy in the media centered on the film's portrayal of President Johnson and his relationship with King. According to people such as LBJ Presidential Library director Mark Updegrove[82] and Joseph A. Califano Jr., Johnson was a champion of civil rights legislation and a proactive partner of King, and they accused the film of falsely depicting Johnson as a reluctant, obstructionist political actor who had the FBI monitor and harass King.[83][84] Having served as Johnson's top domestic policy assistant (including on issues of civil rights) and as U.S. Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, Califano questioned whether the writer and director felt "free to fill the screen with falsehoods, immune from any responsibility to the dead, just because they thought it made for a better story".[85] Historian David E. Kaiser said that the film's depiction of Johnson as obstructing Dr. King's civil rights efforts—when, in fact, he helped get important legislation passed—advances a false narrative that American whites are "hopelessly infected by racism and that black people could and should depend only on themselves".[86]

Andrew Young—SCLC activist and official, and later U.S. congressman, ambassador to the United Nations, and mayor of Atlanta—told The Washington Post that the depiction of the relationship between Johnson and King "was the only thing I would question in the movie. Everything else, they got 100 percent right". According to Young, the two were always mutually respectful, and King respected Johnson's political problems.[87] On television, Young pointed out that it was US Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy who had signed the order that allowed the FBI to monitor King and other SCLC members and that it happened before Johnson took office.[88]

Some Jews who marched with King at Selma wrote that the film omits any mention of the Jews who contributed significantly to the civil rights movement, effectively "airbrushing" Jews out of the film, particularly Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel, who appeared in news photos at the front of the march with King.[89][90][91] However, several men with kippahs: can be seen in the scenes of the second march, in the front row and in the second row, near to King. Additionally, in the same scene, an actor can be seen portraying Heschel himself, in the front row of the march, alongside King.

Director DuVernay and US Representative John Lewis, who is portrayed in the film marching with King during the civil rights movement, responded separately that the film Selma is a work of art about the people of Selma, not a documentary. DuVernay said in an interview that she did not see herself as "a custodian of anyone's legacy".[92] In response to criticisms that she rewrote history to portray her own agenda, DuVernay said that the movie is "not a documentary. I'm not a historian. I'm a storyteller."[93] Lewis wrote in an op-ed for The Los Angeles Times: "We do not demand completeness of other historical dramas, so why is it required of this film?"[94]

In a scene-by-scene analysis, the visual blog Information is Beautiful gave Selma a score of 100%, noting: "This movie painstakingly recreates events as they happened".[95]

## See also

[edit]

* Civil rights movement in popular culture
* Civil rights movement
* List of black films of the 2010s
* Selma, Lord, Selma

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g "Selma". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
2. ^ "Selma (12)". British Board of Film Classification. December 15, 2014. Archived from the original on December 15, 2014. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
3. ^ a b "Selma (2014)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on April 7, 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
4. ^ a b "Selma (2014)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
5. ^ Kryn, Randy (1989). "James L. Bevel: The Strategist of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement". In Garrow, David (ed.). We Shall Overcome: The Civil Rights Movement in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s. Brooklyn, NY: Carlson Publishing Inc. pp. 517–536\. ISBN 0926019023.
6. ^ Kryn, Randy (October 2005). "Movement Revision Research Summary Regarding James Bevel". Archived from the original on March 3, 2016 – via Middlebury College.
7. ^ "Golden Globe: 'Birdman,' 'Boyhood' and 'Imitation Game' Top Nominations". Variety. December 11, 2014. Archived from the original on January 6, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
8. ^ a b Kit, Borys. "Lee Daniels' 'Selma' finds its King". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 15, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
9. ^ a b Kit, Borys (March 26, 2014). "Mlk Drama 'Selma' Casting Its President Johnson". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
10. ^ a b Ford, Rebecca; Kit, Borys (April 7, 2014). "Mlk Biopic 'Selma' Casts Coretta Scott King". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
11. ^ a b Kit, Borys (May 7, 2014). "'42' Actor Joins Martin Luther King Drama 'Selma'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
12. ^ a b Kroll, Justin (June 12, 2014). "Giovanni Ribisi to Play Presidential Adviser Lee C. White in 'Selma' (Exclusi)". Variety. Archived from the original on February 1, 2018. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
13. ^ a b A. Obenson, Tambay (April 22, 2014). "It's A 'Middle of Nowhere' Reunion! Lorraine Toussaint Will Play Amelia Boynton In Ava DuVernay's 'Selma'". indiewire.com. Archived from the original on June 5, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
14. ^ a b Sneider, Jeff (May 28, 2014). "'Star Wars' Hero John Boyega to Be Replaced by 'Selma' Actor in Jesse Owens Biopic". The Wrap. Archived from the original on June 4, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
15. ^ a b Ford, Rebecca (May 29, 2014). "'The Wire' Star Wendell Pierce Joins Mlk Film 'Selma'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on June 3, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
16. ^ a b Fleming, Mike Jr. (May 9, 2014). "Common Is James Bevel, Andre Holland Is Andrew Young In Ava DuVernay's Mlk Tale 'Selma'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
17. ^ a b Kit, Borys (June 12, 2014). "Alessandro Nivola Joins Cast of Civil Rights Drama 'Selma'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on June 17, 2014. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
18. ^ a b Sneider, Jeff (April 15, 2014). "'Short Term 12' Star Lakeith Stanfield Joins Ava DuVernay's Mlk Movie 'Selma'". The Wrap. Archived from the original on June 17, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
19. ^ a b "Cuba Gooding Jr Boards MLK Pic 'Selma'". Deadline Hollywood. May 30, 2014. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
20. ^ a b Yamato, Jen (June 17, 2014). "Dylan Baker Set For J Edgar Hoover Role In MLK Pic 'Selma'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on June 19, 2014. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
21. ^ a b Fleming, Mike Jr. (June 3, 2014). "Tim Roth To Play Alabama Governor George Wallace In MLK Pic 'Selma'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on June 6, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
22. ^ a b Sneider, Jeff (June 10, 2014). "Oprah Winfrey to Play Civil Rights Protester Annie Lee Cooper in MLK Movie 'Selma'". The Wrap. Archived from the original on June 14, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
23. ^ a b Team, Deadline (June 20, 2014). "Paramount Dates MLK Jr. Pic 'Selma' For Christmas 2014". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on July 7, 2014. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
24. ^ a b Greeves, Natasha (May 8, 2014). "Andre Holland, Tessa Thompson Join Cast Of Ava DuVernay's 'Selma' Playing Andrew Young & Diane Nash". indiewire.com. Archived from the original on June 6, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
25. ^ a b Yamato, Jen (June 10, 2014). "Jeremy Strong Joins 'Selma,' 'Black Mass,' 'Time Out Of Mind'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on June 14, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
26. ^ a b Kroll, Justin (May 16, 2014). "Trai Byers Joins the Cast of 'Selma'". Variety. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
27. ^ a b c A. Obenson, Tambay (June 4, 2014). "Niecy Nash Signs Up To Play Richie Jean Jackson In Ava DuVernay's 'Selma'". indiewire.com. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
28. ^ a b Hobdy, Dominique (April 25, 2014). "Ledisi to Play Mahalia Jackson in MLK Biopic, 'Selma'". essence.com. Archived from the original on June 6, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
29. ^ a b "John Lavelle joins 'Selma'". Deadline Hollywood. June 4, 2014. Archived from the original on June 8, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
30. ^ Jim Cook, "Enterprise actor stars with Oprah, Martin Sheen in 'Selma'" Archived December 18, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Dothan Eagle, August 29, 2014.
31. ^ Dawtrey, Adam (June 18, 2008). "Screenwriting is the third career for Paul Webb". Variety. Archived from the original on June 7, 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
32. ^ Jaafar, Ali (November 17, 2009). "Lee Daniels on march to 'Selma'". Variety. Archived from the original on June 7, 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
33. ^ Sergio (May 4, 2010). "Lee Daniels' Selma slated for fall shoot". shadowandact.com. Archived from the original on November 28, 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
34. ^ Fischer, Russ (July 30, 2010). "Lee Daniels Lines up 'The Butler'; Will it Edge Out 'Selma'?". slashfilm.com. Archived from the original on November 3, 2010. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
35. ^ Smith, Rob (August 30, 2010). "Prince of Broadway – An Interview With Lee Daniels". blackfilm.com. Archived from the original on June 6, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
36. ^ "The Sounds, Space And Spirit Of 'Selma': A Director's Take". WABE. January 9, 2015. Archived from the original on January 18, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
37. ^ a b Sneider, Jeff (December 11, 2014). "'Selma' Screenplay Controversy: Why Director Ava DuVernay Was Denied Credit". The Wrap. Archived from the original on October 24, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
38. ^ a b Fleming, Mike Jr. (January 4, 2015). "Hard Road To Oscar: 'Selma's Ava DuVernay On Why It Took 50 Years To Make A Major MLK Movie". Deadline. Archived from the original on January 7, 2015. Retrieved January 4, 2015.
39. ^ Appelo, Tim; Golloway, Stephen (December 16, 2014). "Oscars: How 'Selma' Filmmakers Made a Movie About MLK Without Using His Words". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 5, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
40. ^ Norris, Michele (December 23, 2014). "A Vital Chapter Of American History On Film In 'Selma'". NPR. Archived from the original on June 23, 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
41. ^ Shaw, Lucas (January 19, 2014). "Oprah Winfrey Joins Brad Pitt as Producer of Mlk Drama 'Selma'". The Wrap. Archived from the original on June 14, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
42. ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (February 25, 2014). "Paramount To Make Mlk Pic 'Selma'; Oprah Winfrey Producing". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on July 4, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
43. ^ Mumin, Nijla (April 4, 2014). "Talented Cinematographer Bradford Young To Shoot Ava DuVernay's Upcoming Feature 'Selma'". indiewire.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
44. ^ Freydkin, Donna (March 3, 2010). "Lee Daniels at the Oscars: New film, new shoes, new shirt". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 23, 2013. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
45. ^ Fischer, Russ (March 8, 2010). "Lenny Kravitz and Hugh Jackman Join Selma, Lee Daniels' Next Film; De Niro Confirmed". slashfilm.com. Archived from the original on June 6, 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
46. ^ Graham, Bill (March 11, 2010). "Hugh Jackman to Play Sheriff Jim Clark in Lee Daniels' Upcoming Civil Rights Drama Selma". collider.com. Archived from the original on December 18, 2010. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
47. ^ Rosenberg, Adam (March 23, 2010). "Lee Daniels Confirms Liam Neeson, Cedric The Entertainer For 'Selma'". MTV News. Archived from the original on June 7, 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
48. ^ Kryn in Middlebury
49. ^ Trumbore, Dave (May 20, 2014). "Production Begins on Paramount's Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Biopic, SELMA, Starring David Oyelowo". collider.com. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
50. ^ "Paramount and Pathe Start Principal Photography on Selma". comingsoon.net. May 20, 2014. Archived from the original on May 22, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
51. ^ Brett, Jennifer (May 23, 2014). ""Selma" filming closes Marietta Square streets". accessatlanta.com. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
52. ^ "'Selma' filming in Olde Town; Oprah expected to be on set". The Newton Citizen. May 30, 2014. Archived from the original on June 3, 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
53. ^ "Dr. MLK Jr. movie 'Selma' filming in Covington". The Rockdale Citizen. May 6, 2014. Archived from the original on October 21, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
54. ^ Sutton, Amber (June 27, 2014). "Dexter Avenue revisits the 1960s as 'Selma' begins filming in Montgomery". al.com. Archived from the original on June 28, 2014. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
55. ^ "Jason Moran Scoring Ava DuVernay's 'Selma'". filmmusicreporter.com. November 5, 2014. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
56. ^ Strecker, Erin (December 11, 2014). "Golden Globes: John Legend Calls 'Selma' Song 'A Labor of Love'". Billboard.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2015. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
57. ^ Zo (December 4, 2014). "John Legend & Common Deliver The Anthemic Collaboration 'Glory'". okayplayer. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
58. ^ Newman, Jason. "'Glory' Wins Best Original Song at Oscars, Brings Cast to Tears". Archived from the original on February 23, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
59. ^ "Selma [Music from the Motion Picture]". AllMusic. Archived from the original on July 4, 2024. Retrieved September 25, 2022.
60. ^ McNary, Dave (October 31, 2014). "Oprah Winfrey's 'Selma' Set for First Look at AFI Fest". Variety. Archived from the original on November 7, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
61. ^ Riley, Jenelle (November 12, 2014). "'Selma' Marches Into Oscar Race With Buzzing Debut". Archived from the original on October 28, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
62. ^ Brett, Jennifer (December 24, 2014). "Timely "Selma" opens at two Atlanta theaters Christmas Day". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on December 27, 2014. Retrieved December 28, 2014.
63. ^ "'Selma' Release Date: Paramount Dates MLK Jr. Pic For Christmas". Deadline Hollywood. February 18, 2014. Archived from the original on August 19, 2014. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
64. ^ "Many World Premieres in the Berlinale Special 2015". Berlinale. Archived from the original on January 21, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
65. ^ Evry, Max (March 18, 2015). "Paramount to Re-Release Selma for 50th Anniversary of Historic March". comingsoon.net. Archived from the original on March 20, 2015. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
66. ^ "'Selma' Distorts History by Airbrushing Out Jewish Contributions to Civil Rights". January 5, 2015. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
67. ^ "Selma (2015)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Archived from the original on August 24, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
68. ^ "Selma Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
69. ^ "CinemaScore". Archived from the original on December 20, 2018. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
70. ^ "A look at 'Selma' at the box office". Los Angeles Times. March 5, 2015. Archived from the original on August 14, 2022. Retrieved March 2, 2021. "It earned an A-plus grade from audience polling firm CinemaScore and wide praise from critics."
71. ^ Pamela McClintock (January 11, 2015). "Box Office: Liam Neeson's 'Taken 3' Zooms to No. 1 With Stellar $40.4M Debut". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021. "Ava DuVernay's 'Selma' places No. 2 after expanding nationwide, earning a coveted A+ CinemaScore"
72. ^ Roeper, Richard (January 1, 2015). "'Selma': History Lesson Moves Gracefully from Brutality to Tenderness". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on January 6, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
73. ^ Morgenstern, Joe (December 25, 2014). "'Selma' Review: Honoring the Legacy of Martin Luther King Jr". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on January 10, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
74. ^ Scott, A. O. (December 24, 2014). "In 'Selma', King Is Just One of Many Heroes". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 28, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
75. ^ "Selma". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
76. ^ Travers, Peter (December 23, 2014). "'Selma' Movie Review". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on January 19, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
77. ^ Denby, David (December 15, 2014). ""Selma" and "American Sniper" Reviews". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
78. ^ Hornaday, Ann (December 23, 2014). "'Sema' movie review: Humanizing Rev. Martin Luther King Jr". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 24, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
79. ^ Reed, Adolph (January 26, 2015). "The Real Problem with Selma". nonsite.org. Archived from the original on February 20, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
80. ^ Buckley, Cara (January 21, 2015). "When Films and Facts Collide in Questions". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 29, 2015. Retrieved January 29, 2015.
81. ^ Labrecque, Jeff (January 3, 2015). "Fact-Checking the Film: 'Selma'". Entertainment Weekly. New York City. Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
82. ^ "Historian questions accuracy of 'Selma'". Portland Press Herald. Portland, Maine. Associated Press. December 26, 2014. Archived from the original on December 26, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
83. ^ ""Selma" Movie". lbjlibrary.org. Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library. Archived from the original on January 22, 2015. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
84. ^ Updegrove, Mark K. (December 22, 2014). "What 'Selma' Gets Wrong". Politico. Archived from the original on February 20, 2015. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
85. ^ Califano, Joseph A. Jr. (December 26, 2014). "The movie 'Selma' has a glaring flaw". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 25, 2019. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
86. ^ Kaiser, David E. (January 9, 2015). "Why You Should Care That Selma Gets LBJ Wrong". Time. New York City. Archived from the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
87. ^ Tumulty, Karen (December 31, 2014). "'Selma' sets off a controversy amid Oscar buzz". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 27, 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
88. ^ Evan McMurry (January 4, 2015). "MLK Aide Andrew Young Weighs in on Selma-LBJ Controversy". Mediaite.com. Archived from the original on February 15, 2015. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
89. ^ Joseph, Peniel (January 10, 2015). "'Selma' Backlash Misses The Point". NPR. Archived from the original on October 4, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2015.
90. ^ Snow, Leida (January 5, 2015). "'Selma' Distorts History by Airbrushing Out Jewish Contributions to Civil Rights". The Forward. Archived from the original on November 25, 2018. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
91. ^ Green, Elon (December 26, 2014). "The Rabbis of Selma: Abraham Heschel and others marched with Martin Luther King". Tablet. Archived from the original on November 25, 2018. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
92. ^ Ifill, Gwen (January 8, 2015). "Director Ava DuVernay on sharing the story of 'Selma' and deconstructing American heroes". PBS. Archived from the original on January 19, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
93. ^ Milliken, Mary (January 6, 2015). "'Selma' director makes history before awards are bestowed". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
94. ^ Lewis, John (January 16, 2015). "John Lewis tells his truth about Selma". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 19, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
95. ^ "Based on a True True Story? Scene-by-scene Breakdown of Hollywood Films". Information Is Beautiful. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved July 28, 2019.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website
* Selma at IMDb
* Selma at Box Office Mojo
* Selma at Rotten Tomatoes
* Selma at Metacritic
* "The 34 best political movies ever made", Ann Hornaday, The Washington Post Jan. 23, 2020), ranked No. 21

* v
* t
* e

Works by Ava DuVernay

Films directed|

* I Will Follow (2010)
* Middle of Nowhere (2012)
* Selma (2014)
* A Wrinkle in Time (2018)
* Origin (2023)

Documentaries|

* This Is the Life (2008)
* 13th (2016)

Television series created|

* Queen Sugar (2016–2022)
* When They See Us (2019)
* Cherish the Day (2020–present)
* Home Sweet Home (2021)
* Colin in Black & White (2021)
* Naomi (2022)

* v
* t
* e

Martin Luther King Jr.

Speeches, writings, movements, and protests

| Speeches|

* "Give Us the Ballot" (1957)
* "I Have a Dream" (1963)
* "How Long, Not Long" (1965)
* "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence" (1967)
* "I've Been to the Mountaintop" (1968)

|

Writings|

* Stride Toward Freedom (1958)
* "What Is Man?" (1959)
* "Second Emancipation Proclamation"
* Strength to Love (1963)
* "Letter from Birmingham Jail" (1963)
* Why We Can't Wait (1964)
* Conscience for Change (1967)
* Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? (1967)

Movements
and protests|

* Montgomery bus boycott (1955–1956)
* Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom (1957)
* Albany Movement (1961–1962)
* Birmingham campaign (1963)
* March on Washington (1963)
* St. Augustine movement (1963–1964)
* Selma to Montgomery marches (1965)
* Chicago Freedom Movement (1966)
* Mississippi March Against Fear (1966)
* Anti-Vietnam War movement (1967)
* Memphis sanitation strike (1968)
* Poor People's Campaign (1968)

Organizations|

* Montgomery Improvement Association
* Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

People

| Family|

* Coretta Scott King (wife)
* Yolanda King (daughter)
* Martin Luther King III (son)
* Dexter King (son)
* Bernice King (daughter)
* Martin Luther King Sr. (father)
* Alberta Williams King (mother)
* Christine King Farris (sister)
* A. D. King (brother)
* James Albert King (grandfather)
* Alveda King (niece)

|

Other
leaders|

* Ralph Abernathy (mentor, colleague)
* Ella Baker (colleague)
* James Bevel (strategist / colleague)
* Dorothy Cotton (colleague)
* Jesse Jackson (protégé)
* Bernard Lafayette (colleague)
* James Lawson (colleague)
* John Lewis (colleague)
* Joseph Lowery (colleague)
* Benjamin Mays (mentor)
* Diane Nash (colleague)
* James Orange (colleague)
* Bayard Rustin (advisor)
* Fred Shuttlesworth (colleague)
* C. T. Vivian (colleague)
* Wyatt Walker (colleague)
* Hosea Williams (colleague)
* Andrew Young (colleague)

Assassination

* Lorraine Motel (now National Civil Rights Museum)
* Riots
* Funeral
* James Earl Ray
* Jack Kershaw
* U.S. House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA)
* Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection Act
* Loyd Jowers
* Trial
* Conspiracy theories
* Executive Order 14176

Media

| Film|

* King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis (1970 documentary)
* Our Friend, Martin (1999 animated)
* Boycott (2001 film)
* The Witness: From the Balcony of Room 306 (2008 documentary)
* Selma (2014 film)
* All the Way (2016 film)
* King in the Wilderness (2018 documentary)
* MLK/FBI (2020 documentary)
* Rustin (2023 film)

|

Television|

* King (1978 miniseries)
* "The First Store" (The Jeffersons, 1980)
* "Great X-Pectations" (A Different World, 1993)
* "The Promised Land" (New York Undercover, 1997)
* Selma, Lord, Selma (1999)
* "Return of the King" (The Boondocks, 2006)
* Alpha Man: The Brotherhood of MLK (2011 documentary)
* Genius (MLK/X, 2024)

Plays|

* The Meeting (1987)
* The Mountaintop (2009)
* I Dream (2010)
* All the Way (2012)

Books|

* Stride Toward Freedom (1958)
* Bearing the Cross (1986)
* King: A Life (2023)

Illustrated|

* Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story (1957 comic book)

Music|

* "Abraham, Martin and John" (Dion)
* "March! For Martin Luther King" (John Fahey)
* "Martin Luther King's Dream" (Strawbs)
* "Happy Birthday" (Stevie Wonder)
* "Pride (In the Name of Love)" (U2)
* "MLK" (U2)
* "King Holiday" (King Dream Chorus and Holiday Crew)
* "By the Time I Get to Arizona" (Public Enemy)
* "Shed a Little Light" (James Taylor)
* "Up to the Mountain" (Patti Griffin)
* "Never Alone Martin" (Jason Upton)
* "Symphony of Brotherhood" (Miri Ben-Ari)
* Joseph Schwantner: New Morning for the World; Nicolas Flagello: The Passion of Martin Luther King (1995 album)
* "A Dream" (Common featuring will.i.am)
* "Glory" (Common and John Legend)

Related|

* Civil rights movement in popular culture
* Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. v. CBS, Inc.
* King v. Trustees of Boston Univ.

Related topics

| Memorials and
eponymous locations|

* Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
* National Historical Park
* King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
* Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
* National Civil Rights Museum
* U.S. Capitol Rotunda sculpture
* Oval Office bust
* Homage to King sculpture, Atlanta
* Hope Moving Forward statue, Atlanta
* Safe House Black History Museum
* Statues of Martin Luther King Jr.
* Atlanta
* Boston
* Denver
* Houston
* Jersey City
* Milwaukee
* Mexico City
* Newark
* Pueblo, Colorado
* Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, San Francisco
* Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial (Compton)
* Landmark for Peace Memorial, Indianapolis
* The Dream sculpture, Portland, Oregon
* Kennedy–King College
* Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library, Washington, D.C.
* Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library, San Jose
* Paris park
* Memorials to Martin Luther King Jr.
* King County, Washington
* Eponymous streets

|

Other topics|

* Martin Luther King Jr. Day
* passage
* Big Six
* African American founding fathers of the United States
* Authorship issues
* FBI–King suicide letter
* Martin Luther King Jr., A Current Analysis
* Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity
* Season for Nonviolence
* America in the King Years
* Civil rights movement in popular culture
* Lee–Jackson–King Day

* v
* t
* e

Civil rights movement (1954–1968)

Events
(timeline)|

| Prior to 1954|

* Journey of Reconciliation
* Executive Order 9981
* Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore
* Sweatt v. Painter (1950)
* McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950)
* Baton Rouge bus boycott

|

1954–1959|

* Brown v. Board of Education
* Bolling v. Sharpe
* Briggs v. Elliott
* Davis v. Prince Edward County
* Gebhart v. Belton
* Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company
* Emmett Till
* Montgomery bus boycott
* Browder v. Gayle
* Tallahassee bus boycott
* Mansfield school desegregation
* 1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom
* "Give Us the Ballot"
* Royal Ice Cream sit-in
* Little Rock Nine
* Cooper v. Aaron
* Civil Rights Act of 1957
* Ministers' Manifesto
* Katz Drug Store sit-in
* Kissing Case
* Biloxi wade-ins

1960–1963|

* New Year's Day March
* Sit-in movement
* Greensboro sit-ins
* Nashville sit-ins
* Sibley Commission
* Atlanta sit-ins
* Savannah Protest Movement
* Greenville Eight
* Civil Rights Act of 1960
* Ax Handle Saturday
* New Orleans school desegregation
* Gomillion v. Lightfoot
* Boynton v. Virginia
* University of Georgia desegregation riot
* Rock Hill sit-ins
* Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address
* Freedom Rides
* Anniston and Birmingham bus attacks
* Garner v. Louisiana
* Albany Movement
* Cambridge movement
* University of Chicago sit-ins
* "Second Emancipation Proclamation"
* Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot
* Atlanta's Berlin Wall
* "Segregation now, segregation forever"
* Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
* 1963 Birmingham campaign
* Letter from Birmingham Jail
* Children's Crusade
* Birmingham riot
* 16th Street Baptist Church bombing
* John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights
* Detroit Walk to Freedom
* March on Washington
* "I Have a Dream"
* Big Six
* St. Augustine movement

1964–1968|

* Twenty-fourth Amendment
* Chester school protests
* Bloody Tuesday
* 1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
* Freedom Summer
* workers' murders
* Civil Rights Act of 1964
* Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
* Katzenbach v. McClung
* 1964–1965 Scripto strike
* 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches
* "How Long, Not Long"
* SCOPE Project
* Voting Rights Act of 1965
* Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
* March Against Fear
* White House Conference on Civil Rights
* Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement
* Loving v. Virginia
* Memphis sanitation strike
* King assassination
* funeral
* riots
* Civil Rights Act of 1968
* Poor People's Campaign
* Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
* Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
* 1968 Olympics Black Power salute

Activist
groups|

* Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
* American Friends Service Committee
* Atlanta Negro Voters League
* Atlanta Student Movement
* Black Panther Party
* Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
* Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
* Committee for Freedom Now
* Committee on Appeal for Human Rights
* An Appeal for Human Rights
* Council for United Civil Rights Leadership
* Council of Federated Organizations
* Dallas County Voters League
* Deacons for Defense and Justice
* Georgia Council on Human Relations
* Highlander Folk School
* Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights
* Lowndes County Freedom Organization
* Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
* Montgomery Improvement Association
* NAACP
* Youth Council
* Nashville Student Movement
* Nation of Islam
* Northern Student Movement
* National Council of Negro Women
* National Urban League
* Operation Breadbasket
* Regional Council of Negro Leadership
* Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
* Southern Regional Council
* Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
* The Freedom Singers
* United Auto Workers (UAW)
* Wednesdays in Mississippi
* Women's Political Council

Activists|

* Juanita Abernathy
* Ralph Abernathy
* Victoria Gray Adams
* Zev Aelony
* Mathew Ahmann
* Muhammad Ali
* William G. Anderson
* Gwendolyn Armstrong
* Arnold Aronson
* Ella Baker
* James Baldwin
* Marion Barry
* Daisy Bates
* Harry Belafonte
* James Bevel
* Claude Black
* Gloria Blackwell
* Randolph Blackwell
* Unita Blackwell
* Ezell Blair Jr.
* Joanne Bland
* Julian Bond
* Joseph E. Boone
* William Holmes Borders
* Amelia Boynton
* Bruce Boynton
* Raylawni Branch
* Stanley Branche
* Ruby Bridges
* Aurelia Browder
* H. Rap Brown
* Ralph Bunche
* John H. Calhoun
* Guy Carawan
* Stokely Carmichael
* Johnnie Carr
* James Chaney
* J. L. Chestnut
* Shirley Chisholm
* Colia Lafayette Clark
* Ramsey Clark
* Septima Clark
* Xernona Clayton
* Eldridge Cleaver
* Kathleen Cleaver
* Josephine Dobbs Clement
* Charles E. Cobb Jr.
* Annie Lee Cooper
* Dorothy Cotton
* Claudette Colvin
* Vernon Dahmer
* Jonathan Daniels
* Abraham Lincoln Davis
* Angela Davis
* Joseph DeLaine
* Dave Dennis
* Annie Bell Robinson Devine
* John Wesley Dobbs
* Patricia Stephens Due
* Joseph Ellwanger
* Charles Evers
* Medgar Evers
* Myrlie Evers-Williams
* Chuck Fager
* James Farmer
* Walter Fauntroy
* James Forman
* Marie Foster
* Golden Frinks
* Andrew Goodman
* Robert Graetz
* Fred Gray
* Jack Greenberg
* Dick Gregory
* Lawrence Guyot
* Prathia Hall
* Fannie Lou Hamer
* Fred Hampton
* William E. Harbour
* Vincent Harding
* Dorothy Height
* Audrey Faye Hendricks
* Lola Hendricks
* Aaron Henry
* Oliver Hill
* Donald L. Hollowell
* James Hood
* Myles Horton
* Zilphia Horton
* T. R. M. Howard
* Ruby Hurley
* Cecil Ivory
* Jesse Jackson
* Jimmie Lee Jackson
* Richie Jean Jackson
* T. J. Jemison
* Esau Jenkins
* Barbara Rose Johns
* Vernon Johns
* Frank Minis Johnson
* Clarence Jones
* J. Charles Jones
* Matthew Jones
* Vernon Jordan
* Tom Kahn
* Clyde Kennard
* A. D. King
* C.B. King
* Coretta Scott King
* Martin Luther King Jr.
* Martin Luther King Sr.
* Bernard Lafayette
* James Lawson
* Bernard Lee
* Sanford R. Leigh
* Jim Letherer
* Stanley Levison
* John Lewis
* Viola Liuzzo
* Z. Alexander Looby
* Joseph Lowery
* Clara Luper
* Danny Lyon
* Malcolm X
* Mae Mallory
* Vivian Malone
* Bob Mants
* Thurgood Marshall
* Benjamin Mays
* Franklin McCain
* Charles McDew
* Ralph McGill
* Floyd McKissick
* Joseph McNeil
* James Meredith
* William Ming
* Jack Minnis
* Amzie Moore
* Cecil B. Moore
* Douglas E. Moore
* Harriette Moore
* Harry T. Moore
* Queen Mother Moore
* William Lewis Moore
* Irene Morgan
* Bob Moses
* William Moyer
* Elijah Muhammad
* Diane Nash
* Charles Neblett
* Huey P. Newton
* Edgar Nixon
* Jack O'Dell
* James Orange
* Rosa Parks
* James Peck
* Charles Person
* Homer Plessy
* Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
* Fay Bellamy Powell
* Rodney N. Powell
* Al Raby
* Lincoln Ragsdale
* A. Philip Randolph
* George Raymond
* George Raymond Jr.
* Bernice Johnson Reagon
* Cordell Reagon
* James Reeb
* Frederick D. Reese
* Walter Reuther
* Gloria Richardson
* David Richmond
* Bernice Robinson
* Jo Ann Robinson
* Angela Russell
* Bayard Rustin
* Bernie Sanders
* Michael Schwerner
* Bobby Seale
* Pete Seeger
* Cleveland Sellers
* Charles Sherrod
* Alexander D. Shimkin
* Fred Shuttlesworth
* Modjeska Monteith Simkins
* Glenn E. Smiley
* A. Maceo Smith
* Kelly Miller Smith
* Mary Louise Smith
* Maxine Smith
* Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson
* Charles Kenzie Steele
* Hank Thomas
* Dorothy Tillman
* A. P. Tureaud
* Hartman Turnbow
* Albert Turner
* C. T. Vivian
* A. T. Walden
* Wyatt Tee Walker
* Hollis Watkins
* Walter Francis White
* Roy Wilkins
* Hosea Williams
* Kale Williams
* Robert F. Williams
* Q. V. Williamson
* Andrew Young
* Whitney Young
* Sammy Younge Jr.
* Bob Zellner
* James Zwerg

By region|

* Omaha, Nebraska
* South Carolina

Movement
songs|

* "Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"
* "If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus"
* "Kumbaya"
* "Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"
* "Oh, Freedom"
* "This Little Light of Mine"
* "We Shall Not Be Moved"
* "We Shall Overcome"
* "Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)"

Influences|

* Nonviolence
* Padayatra
* Sermon on the Mount
* Mahatma Gandhi
* Ahimsa
* Satyagraha
* The Kingdom of God Is Within You
* Frederick Douglass
* W. E. B. Du Bois
* Mary McLeod Bethune

Related|

* Lyndon B. Johnson
* Jim Crow laws
* Lynching in the United States
* Plessy v. Ferguson
* Separate but equal
* Buchanan v. Warley
* Hocutt v. Wilson
* Sweatt v. Painter
* Hernandez v. Texas
* Loving v. Virginia
* African-American women in the movement
* Jews in the civil rights movement
* Fifth Circuit Four
* 16th Street Baptist Church
* Kelly Ingram Park
* A.G. Gaston Motel
* Bethel Baptist Church
* Brown Chapel
* Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
* Holt Street Baptist Church
* Edmund Pettus Bridge
* March on Washington Movement
* African-American churches attacked
* List of lynching victims in the United States
* Freedom Schools
* Freedom songs
* Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
* "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence"
* Voter Education Project
* 1960s counterculture
* African American founding fathers of the United States
* Eyes on the Prize

Legacy|

* In popular culture
* Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
* Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument
* Civil Rights Memorial
* Civil Rights Movement Archive
* Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument
* Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument
* Freedom Rides Museum
* Freedom Riders National Monument
* King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
* Martin Luther King Jr. Day
* Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
* other King memorials
* Mississippi Civil Rights Museum
* National Civil Rights Museum
* National Voting Rights Museum
* St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument
* Olympic Black Power Statue

Noted
historians|

* Taylor Branch
* Clayborne Carson
* John Dittmer
* Michael Eric Dyson
* Chuck Fager
* Adam Fairclough
* David Garrow
* David Halberstam
* Vincent Harding
* Steven F. Lawson
* Doug McAdam
* Diane McWhorter
* Charles M. Payne
* Thomas E. Ricks
* Timothy Tyson
* Akinyele Umoja
* Movement photographers

Civil rights movement portal

* v
* t
* e

Oprah Winfrey

Media works|

| Broadcasting
and publishing|

* The Oprah Winfrey Show
* Oprah's Book Club
* Oprah's Favorite Things
* No Phone Zone
* Oprah After the Show
* Michael Jackson Talks ... to Oprah
* O, The Oprah Magazine
* Oprah Radio
* Oprah Winfrey Network
* Canada
* Oprah's Lifeclass
* Oprah's Master Class
* Oprah Prime
* Oprah's Book Club 2.0
* The Life You Want
* Oprah's Book Club
* The Oprah Conversation
* Oprah with Meghan and Harry
* The Me You Can't See

|

Films produced|

* Beloved (1998)
* The Great Debaters (2007)
* The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014)
* Selma (2014)
* Sidney (2022)
* The Color Purple (2023)

Other|

* Endorsement of Barack Obama
* Harpo Productions
* Awards and nominations
* Oprahization
* Oprah Winfrey Foundation
* Oprah's Angel Network
* Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls
* Oprah Winfrey (painting)

Related|

* Stedman Graham

Category

* v
* t
* e

Suffrage

Basic topics|

* Universal suffrage
* Right to run for office
* Age of candidacy
* banned
* Women
* Suffragette
* Women's liberation movement
* Men
* Black
* Youth
* Demeny voting
* Non-citizen
* Non-resident citizen
* One man, one vote
* Multiple citizenship
* Voting age
* Free and fair election
* Secret ballot
* Compulsory voting
* Disfranchisement
* Voter turnout

By country|

* Austria
* Australia
* 1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act
* aboriginal
* women
* Canada
* Chile
* Colombia
* Ecuador
* Hong Kong
* India
* Japan
* Kuwait
* Liechtenstein
* Mexico
* New Zealand
* Spain (Civil War, Francoist)
* Sri Lanka
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* United Kingdom
* women
* Cayman Islands
* Scotland
* Wales
* laws
* 1832
* 1918
* 1928
* United States
* women
* African Americans
* Native Americans
* felons
* foreigners
* District of Columbia
* Puerto Rico
* states
* Constitutional amendments: 15th, 19th, 23rd, 24th, 26th
* Indian Citizenship Act
* 1965 Voting Rights Act

Events|

| International|

* International Woman Suffrage Alliance conferences
* 1st
* 2nd
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* 6th
* 7th
* 8th
* 9th
* 10th
* 11th
* 12th
* 13th
* 14th

|

Hong Kong|

* Hong Kong 1 July marches
* 2014 Hong Kong protests
* 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests

United Kingdom|

* WSPU march (1906)
* Mud March (1907)
* Women's Sunday (1908)
* Black Friday (1910)
* Battle of Downing Street (1910)
* Women's Coronation Procession (1911)
* Great Pilgrimage (1913)
* Open Christmas Letter (1914)
* Suffragette bombing and arson campaign

United States|

* Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
* Declaration of Sentiments (1848)
* Rochester Convention (1848)
* Ohio Women's Convention (1850)
* Ohio Women's Convention (1851)
* National Women's Rights Convention (1850–1869)
* Trial of Susan B. Anthony (1872–1873)
* Suffrage Hikes (1912–1914)
* Woman Suffrage Procession (1913)
* Suffrage Torch
* Suffrage Special (1916)
* Silent Sentinels (1917–1919)
* Night of Terror
* Prison Special
* 1920 United States presidential election
* "Give Us the Ballot" (1957)
* Freedom Summer (1964)
* Selma to Montgomery marches (1965)

Women
(memorials)|

* List of suffragists and suffragettes
* Timeline of women's suffrage
* US
* in majority-Muslim countries
* Historiography of the Suffragettes
* Women's suffrage organizations and publications
* Women's rights activists
* Leser v. Garnett
* Belmont–Paul Monument
* Rise up, Women (Emmeline Pankhurst statue)
* Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial
* Elizabeth Cady Stanton statue
* Suffragette Memorial
* Portrait Monument
* Women's Rights Pioneers Monument
* Forward statue
* Kate Sheppard National Memorial
* Millicent Fawcett statue
* Great Petition (2008 sculpture)
* Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain
* Resilience
* Turning Point Suffragist Memorial
* Eagle House
* Pankhurst Centre
* Paulsdale
* Suffragette Handkerchief
* Holloway banner
* Holloway brooch
* Holloway Jingles
* Hunger Strike Medal
* Justice Bell
* Suffrage jewellery
* Suffragette penny
* Suffrage Oak
* Women's Rights National Historical Park
* Women's Suffrage National Monument
* International Women's Day
* Susan B. Anthony Day
* Women's Equality Day

Popular
culture|

* "The Women's Marseillaise"
* "The March of the Women" (1910 song)
* The Mother of Us All (1947 opera)
* "Sister Suffragette" (1964 song)
* Suffrage plays
* Women's suffrage in film
* Votes for Women (1912 film)
* Shoulder to Shoulder (1974 series)
* Not for Ourselves Alone (1999 documentary)
* Iron Jawed Angels (2004 film)
* Up the Women (2013 sitcom)
* Selma (2014 film)
* Suffragette (2015 film)
* Sylvia (2018 musical)
* Suffs (2022 musical)
* Lioness (upcoming film)
* Susan B. Anthony dollar
* National Voting Rights Museum (US)
* New Zealand ten-dollar note
* Women's Suffrage Centennial silver dollar (2020 U.S. commemorative)
* 2020 US ten-dollar bill
* Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States
* Music and women's suffrage in the United States

Related topics

* v
* t
* e

Coretta Scott King

April 27, 1927 – January 30, 2006

Life|

* Childhood and education
* Civil rights movement
* 1967 San Francisco anti-war march
* King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
* 2004 Gandhi Peace Prize
* Death and funeral

Other|

* Martin Luther King Jr. Day
* King v. Trustees of Boston Univ.

Reaction|

* Recognition and tributes

Namesakes|

* Coretta Scott King Award
* Coretta Scott King Young Women's Leadership Academy

Family|

* Martin Luther King Jr. (husband)
* Yolanda King (daughter)
* Martin Luther King III (son)
* Dexter King (son)
* Bernice King (daughter)
* Edythe Scott Bagley (sister)

Depictions|

* King (1978 miniseries)
* Our Friend, Martin (1999 animated)
* Betty & Coretta (2013 film)
* Selma (2014 film)
* The Embrace (2023 statue)
* Rustin (2023 film)

* Commons
* Wikiquote

* v
* t
* e

Lyndon B. Johnson

* 36th President of the United States (1963–1969)
* 37th Vice President of the United States (1961–1963)
* U.S. Senator from Texas (1949–1961)
* U.S. Representative for TX-10 (1937–1949)

Presidency|

* Timeline
* Inaugurations
* first
* second
* Let Us Continue
* Great Society (Model Cities Program)
* Architectural Barriers Act
* Child Nutrition Act
* Clean Air Act
* Civil Rights Act of 1964
* Coinage Act of 1965
* Department of Housing and Urban Development
* Department of Transportation
* Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
* Head Start Program
* Job Corps
* Elementary and Secondary Education Act
* Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
* Civil Rights Act of 1968
* Fair Housing Act
* Truth in Lending Act
* Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968
* Food Stamp Act of 1964
* Glassboro Summit
* Gun Control Act of 1968
* Higher Education Act of 1965
* Upward Bound
* TRIO
* Teacher Corps
* Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968
* Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
* Johnson Doctrine
* Dominican Republic occupation
* Medicare
* Medicaid
* Meritorious Service Medal
* National Endowment for the Arts
* National Endowment for the Humanities
* Executive Order 11246
* Executive Order 11375
* Older Americans Act
* Operation CHAOS
* Outer Space Treaty
* Public Broadcasting Act of 1967
* Foreign policy
* Vietnam War
* Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
* "Credibility gap"
* VISTA
* 24th Amendment
* Voting Rights Act of 1965
* War on poverty
* White House Conference on Civil Rights
* Cannabis policy
* White House preservation
* State of the Union Address
* 1964
* 1965
* 1966
* 1967
* 1968
* 1969
* Cabinet
* Judicial appointments
* Supreme Court
* Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court nomination
* controversies
* Johnson desk
* Presidential transition of Richard Nixon
* Executive Orders
* Presidential Proclamations

Life|

* Early years and career
* Operation Texas
* Texas Broadcasting Company
* Johnson Amendment
* Box 13 scandal
* Bashir Ahmad
* Charles E. Marsh
* Alice Marsh

Legacy and
memorials|

* Bibliography
* Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum
* Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland
* Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park
* Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center
* Lyndon Baines Johnson Day
* Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs
* Memorial Grove on the Potomac
* U.S. Postage stamp
* USS Lyndon B. Johnson
* Black Jack (state funeral riderless horse)

Elections|

* United States House of Representatives
* 1937 (special)
* 1938
* 1940
* 1942
* 1944
* 1946
* United States Senate
* 1941 (special)
* 1948
* 1954
* 1960
* Democratic Party presidential primaries
* 1960
* 1964
* campaign
* 1968
* withdrawal
* Democratic National Conventions
* 1956
* 1960
* 1964
* Presidential elections
* 1960
* transition
* 1964

Public image|

* Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture
* Daisy advertisement
* Johnson cult
* The Years of Lyndon Johnson
* Master of the Senate
* LBJ (1991 television film)
* Path to War (2002 film)
* All the Way (play, film)
* Selma (2014 film)
* LBJ (2017 film)

Family|

* Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson (wife)
* Lynda Bird Johnson Robb (daughter)
* Luci Baines Johnson (daughter)
* Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr. (father)
* Sam Houston Johnson (brother)
* Samuel Ealy Johnson Sr. (grandfather)
* Joseph Wilson Baines (grandfather)
* George Washington Baines (great-grandfather)
* Chuck Robb (son-in-law)

* ← John F. Kennedy
* Richard Nixon →

* ← Richard Nixon
* Hubert Humphrey →

* Category

* v
* t
* e

BET Award for Best Movie

* Precious (2010)
* For Colored Girls (2011)
* The Help (2012)
* Think Like a Man (2013)
* 12 Years a Slave (2014)
* Selma (2015)
* Straight Outta Compton (2016)
* Hidden Figures (2017)
* Black Panther (2018)
* BlacKkKlansman (2019)
* Queen & Slim (2020)
* Judas and the Black Messiah (2021)
* King Richard (2022)
* Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (2023)
* Bob Marley: One Love (2024)
* Luther: Never Too Much (2025)

* v
* t
* e

Black Reel Award for Outstanding Film

* The Hurricane (2000)
* Love & Basketball (2001)
* Training Day (2002)
* Antwone Fisher (2003)
* Out of Time (2004)
* Lightning in a Bottle / Ray (2005)
* Crash (2006)
* Dreamgirls (2007)
* Cadillac Records (2008)
* No Award (2009)
* Precious (2010)
* Night Catches Us (2011)
* The Help (2012)
* Beasts of the Southern Wild (2013)
* 12 Years a Slave (2014)
* Selma (2015)
* Creed (2016)
* Moonlight (2017)
* Get Out (2018)
* Black Panther (2019)
* Dolemite Is My Name (2020)
* Judas and the Black Messiah (2021)
* King Richard (2022)
* The Woman King (2023)
* American Fiction (2024)
* Nickel Boys (2025)

* v
* t
* e

Black Reel Award for Outstanding Ensemble

* Crash (2006)
* No Award (2007)
* Cadillac Records (2008)
* No Award (2009)
* Precious (2010)
* For Colored Girls (2011)
* The Help (2012)
* Django Unchained (2013)
* 12 Years a Slave (2014)
* Selma (2015)
* Straight Outta Compton (2016)
* Moonlight (2017)
* Mudbound (2018)
* Black Panther (2019)
* Dolemite Is My Name (2020)
* One Night in Miami... (2021)
* The Harder They Fall (2022)
* The Woman King (2023)
* The Color Purple (2024)
* The Piano Lesson (2025)

* v
* t
* e

NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Motion Picture

* Lady Sings the Blues (1971)
* No Award (1972–1975)
* Let's Do It Again (1976)
* No Award (1977)
* The Greatest (1978)
* No Award (1979)
* Fame (1980)
* Bustin' Loose (1981)
* An Officer and a Gentleman (1982)
* No Award (1983)
* A Soldier's Story (1984)
* The Color Purple (1985)
* No Award (1986)
* Lethal Weapon (1987)
* Coming to America (1988)
* Glory / Lean on Me (1989)
* No Award (1990)
* Boyz n the Hood (1991)
* Sister Act (1992)
* Malcolm X (1993)
* No Award (1994)
* Waiting to Exhale (1995)
* A Time to Kill (1996)
* Soul Food (1997)
* How Stella Got Her Groove Back (1998)
* The Best Man (1999)
* Remember the Titans (2000)
* Ali (2001)
* Antwone Fisher (2002)
* The Fighting Temptations (2003)
* Ray (2004)
* Crash (2005)
* The Pursuit of Happyness (2006)
* The Great Debaters (2007)
* The Secret Life of Bees (2008)
* Precious (2009)
* For Colored Girls (2010)
* The Help (2011)
* Red Tails (2012)
* 12 Years a Slave (2013)
* Selma (2014)
* Straight Outta Compton (2015)
* Hidden Figures (2016)
* Girls Trip (2017)
* Black Panther (2018)
* Just Mercy (2019)
* Bad Boys for Life (2020)
* The Harder They Fall (2021)
* Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (2022)
* The Color Purple (2023)
* The Six Triple Eight (2024)

* v
* t
* e

National Board of Review Freedom of Expression Award

1990s|

* Zhang Yimou (1995)
* The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996)
* Red Corner (1997)
* Bernardo Bertolucci (1998)
* The Insider (1999)

2000s|

* Bamboozled / Before Night Falls / The Circle / Kadosh / Quills / Sound and Fury / A Time for Drunken Horses / The Visit (2000)
* Baran / Jung in the Land of the Mujaheddin / Kandahar (2001)
* Ararat / Bloody Sunday / The Grey Zone / Rabbit-Proof Fence (2002)
* Capturing the Friedmans / Dirty Pretty Things / The Magdalene Sisters / September 11 (2003)
* Fahrenheit 9/11 / The Passion of the Christ / Conspiracy of Silence (2004)
* Innocent Voices / The Untold Story of Emmett Louis Till (2005)
* Water / World Trade Center (2006)
* The Great Debaters / Persepolis (2007)
* Trumbo (2008)
* Burma VJ / Invictus / The Most Dangerous Man in America (2009)

2010s|

* Fair Game / Conviction / Howl (2010)
* Crime After Crime / Pariah (2011)
* The Central Park Five / Promised Land (2012)
* Wadjda (2013)
* Rosewater / Selma (2014)
* Beasts of No Nation / Mustang (2015)
* Cameraperson (2016)
* First They Killed My Father / Let It Fall: Los Angeles 1982–1992 (2017)
* 22 July / On Her Shoulders (2018)
* For Sama / Just Mercy (2019)

2020s|

* One Night in Miami... (2020)
* Flee (2021)
* All the Beauty and the Bloodshed / Argentina, 1985 (2022)
* No Other Land (2024)

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template