Senga people

Ethnic tribe of Zambia

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The Senga are an ethnic tribe of Zambia that is distinct from the Nsenga.

The Senga are a tribe who migrated from the southern part of present-day Congo DRC. They re-settled in the Luangwa valley amongst the Tumbuka speaking people. They speak a dialect of Chitumbuka language called Tumbuka-Senga.[1]

## Origins

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The origin of Senga begins with migration to their present home perhaps three centuries ago. There is unanimous agreement that their former home was a place called Uluwa which all evidence suggests was in what now is known as Katanga. There is evidence to suggest that prior to this time the Senga had no separate identity but were part of a larger group.

Donald Fraser who visited part of Senga land in 1897 takes the view that the Senga are mainly Tumbuka and with a small number of partly of Bisa origin. The Senga relate passing through Bisa country – led by Chibeza Kambombo, the leader of the main group in the migration who was given a young girl for a wife by one of the Bisa Chiefs. Because the woman he was with as his wife was not yet of child-bearing age. To safeguard his lineage, he was given a woman to start having children with.

## Politics

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### Leaders

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Among the Senga political hierarchy is senior chief, chief, group headman (headman over more than one village) and the village headman.

Like all Senga chiefs the senior chief inherits his position. Unlike some of them he inherits from his maternal uncle (a matrilineal system). The principal clans are Goma, Ng’uni, Kumwenda, Nyirenda, Lungu, Zimba and Miti.

Headmen like the chiefs are said to be selected from members of the chief's clan (Goma Clan for the senior chief's area). Senior chiefs usually are headmen before being senior chiefs.

While these clans in Zambia are matrilineal in nature, the same tribes which are based in Malawi have a patrilineal lineage.[2] The Nyirendas, Kumwendas, Lungus, Zimbas who migrated to Malawi have had a partrineal system of chieftainship. The person who becomes a chief of the village is the first-born son or eldest son where a girl is the first born in the royal family. In Malawi, these tribes are found predominantly in the northern districts of Malawi. However, some clans have moved to various other districts in recent years because of work.

Today, the Senga reside in Chama district of Muchinga province under the leadership of Senior Chief Kambombo. Other Chiefs that are under Senior Chief Kambombo includes Chief Chifunda,[3] Chief Chikwa and Chief Tembwe. These together with Senior Chief Kambombo makes what we call Chama District in the current Zambia.

### Language

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All Sengas speak a dialect of Chitumbuka language called Tumbuka-Senga which is Tumbuka in whole,[4] Tumbuka being a language and Senga being the group itself.[1]

## References

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1. ^ a b Miracle, Marvin P. (1963). "Ivory Trade and the Migration of the Northern Rhodesian Senga". Cahiers d'Études africaines. 3 (11): 424–434.
2. ^ Sawka, Kenneth S. (2014). "Senga survey report" (PDF). Partners in Bible Translation. p. 26. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
3. ^ "Zambia: Hunger Hits Chief Chifunda's Area". AllAfrica. 7 September 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
4. ^ "Glottolog 5.1 - Senga". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2024-12-08.

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Ethnic groups in Zambia

* Bemba
* Bwile
* Chewa
* Chokwe
* Ishindi-Lunda
* Kafwe Twa
* Kanongesha-Lunda
* Kunda
* Lamba
* Lambya
* Lovale
* Lozi
* Lukanga Twa
* Lunda
* Lungu
* Mambwe
* Mbunda
* Mwanga
* Ndwandwe
* Ngoni
* Nkoya
* Nsenga
* Nyiha
* Senga
* Subiya
* Tokaleya
* Tonga
* Tumbuka
* Yombe

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Immigration to Zambia

* Angolans
* Chinese
* Indians
* Zimbabweans

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