Sense of direction

Ability to perceive one's physical location

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Sense of direction is the ability to know one's location and perform wayfinding.[1][2] It is related to cognitive maps, spatial awareness, and spatial cognition.[3] Sense of direction can be impaired by brain damage, such as in the case of topographical disorientation.

Humans create spatial maps whenever they go somewhere. Neurons called place cells inside the hippocampus fire individually while a person makes their way through an environment. This was first discovered in rats, when the neurons of the hippocampus were recorded. Certain neurons fired whenever the rat was in a certain area of its environment. These neurons form a grid when they are all put together on the same plane.

## Santa Barbara Sense-of-Direction Scale[edit]

Sense of direction can be measured with the Santa Barbara Sense-of-Direction Scale,[4] a self-assessed psychometric test designed in 2002.[5] This scale has been used to study sense of direction in many contexts, such as driving.[6]

## See also[edit]

* Direction determination
* Personal relative direction
* Spatial disorientation
* Spatial ability

## References[edit]

1. ^ "Definition of "sense of direction" | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved 2015-09-15.
2. ^ Cornell, Edward H.; Sorenson, Autumn; Mio, Teresa (2003-06-01). "Human Sense of Direction and Wayfinding". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 93 (2): 399–425. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.537.3384. doi:10.1111/1467-8306.9302009. ISSN 0004-5608. S2CID 53704345.
3. ^ Kozlowski; Bryant (1977). "Sense of direction, spatial orientation, and cognitive maps". Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. Retrieved 2015-09-15.
4. ^ Hegarty, Mary; Richardson, Anthony E; Montello, Daniel R; Lovelace, Kristin; Subbiah, Ilavanil (2002-09-01). "Development of a self-report measure of environmental spatial ability". Intelligence. 30 (5): 425–447. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.167.8548. doi:10.1016/S0160-2896(02)00116-2.
5. ^ "Santa Barbara Sense-of-Direction Scale | Hegarty Spatial Thinking Lab | Psychological & Brain Sciences | UC Santa Barbara". labs.psych.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2015-09-15.
6. ^ Turano, Kathleen A.; Munoz, Beatriz; Hassan, Shirin E.; Duncan, Donald D.; Gower, Emily W.; Roche, Karen B.; Keay, Lisa; Munro, Cynthia A.; West, Sheila K. (2009-05-01). "Poor Sense of Direction Is Associated With Constricted Driving Space in Older Drivers". The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 64B (3): 348–355. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbp017. ISSN 1079-5014. PMC 2670254. PMID 19359596.

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