Serbian Vojvodina

1848-49 autonomous region in Austrian Serbia

For the current autonomous province of Serbia, see Vojvodina. For other uses, see Vojvodina (disambiguation).

Serbian Vojvodina

Српска Војводина (Serbian)

Self-proclaimed autonomous region of the Austrian Empire
1848–1849

Flag

Coat of arms

Capital|

* Sremski Karlovci
* Zemun
* Veliki Bečkerek
* Timișoara

Government|
• Motto| "Only Unity Saves the Serbs"
History|

• May Assembly

| May 13–15, 1848

• Formation of Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar

| November 1849

Preceded by | Succeeded by

|

|  | Austrian Empire

|

| Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar |

|

Today part of|

* Serbia
* Partial in:
* Croatia
* Hungary
* Romania

Serbian patriarch Josif Rajačić is giving a blessing to the army of Serbian Vojvodina in 1848

The Serbian Vojvodina (Serbian: Српска Војводина, romanized: Srpska Vojvodina) was a short-lived self-proclaimed autonomous province within the Austrian Empire during the Revolutions of 1848, which existed until 1849 when it was transformed into the new (official) Austrian province named Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat. It was created and led by political leaders of Serbs in regions of Syrmia, Banat, Bačka and Baranja. The Serbian Vojvodina gave its name to the present Vojvodina autonomous region in Serbia.[1]

## Name

[edit]

In German, it was known as Serbische Woiwodina. In Serbian is also known as Srpsko Vojvodstvo (Serbian Cyrillic: Српско Војводство, German: Serbische Woiwodschaft; "Serbian Voivodeship"), Srpska Vojvodovina (Serbian Cyrillic: Српска Војводовина; "Serbian Vojvodovina"), and Vojvodovina Srbija (Serbian Cyrillic: Војводовина Србија; "Vojvodovina of Serbia").

## History

[edit]

During the 1848 Revolution, the Hungarians demanded independence from the Austrian Empire. However, they did not recognize the national rights of other nationalities which lived in the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary at that time. Therefore, the Serbs of Vojvodina took action to separate from the Kingdom of Hungary (which was at that time part of Habsburg Austria).

An assembly was convened in Sremski Karlovci lasting from May 13 to 15, 1848, where Serb representatives demanded the addition of Vojvodina to Serbia and the restoration of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć. Serbs declared the constitution of the Serbian Vojvodina (Serbian Duchy) which included the regions of Srem (Syrmia), Bačka (Batschka), Banat, and Baranja (Branau).[2] They also formed a political alliance with the Kingdom of Croatia "based on freedom and perfect equality". They also recognized the Romanian nationality. The metropolitan of Sremski Karlovci, Josif Rajačić, was elected for patriarch, while Stevan Šupljikac for the first duke (voivod).[2] A National committee was formed as the new government of Serbian Vojvodina. Instead of the old feudal regime, a new regime was formed based on the national boards with the Head Serbian National Board presiding.[3]

By 1840 data, Serbs formed relative majority of 49.1% in Vojvodina (compared to absolute majority of 51.1% in 1828). Besides Serbs, these areas were also populated by some other ethnic groups such as Hungarians, Germans, Romanians and Croats. The new Hungarian government responded to the Serb political actions by using force. On June 12, 1848, a war between Serbs and Hungarians began. Austria took the side of the Kingdom of Hungary at first, while Serbs were aided by volunteers from the Principality of Serbia. A consequence of this war was the growth of conservative factions on both sides.[4]

In early 1849, when the Austrian army lost battle to the Hungarian hussars, the feudal and clerical circles of Vojvodina formed an alliance with Austria. Serb troops from Vojvodina then joined the Habsburg army and helped in crushing the revolution in Hungary. With the help of Imperial Russia, the forces of reaction smothered the revolution in the summer of 1849, defeating Hungarian national movement in the Habsburg monarchy.[4]

The Imperial Patent of 4th March (1849), known as the March Constitution, imposed constitutional reorganization of the Austrian Empire, and provided (in article 72) a formal base for the creation of a special administrative unit under the name: Vojvodina Serbia (German: Woiwodschaft Serbien), also allowing the possibility for consequent association of that province with other crown lands.[5][6]

After the defeat of the Hungarian revolution, by a decision of the Austrian emperor, in November 1849, an Austrian crownland known as Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar was formed as the successor of Serbian Vojvodina.[6] However, Serbs were not fully satisfied with the new voivodeship, which was more ethnically mixed and included ethnic Romanian eastern parts of Banat, but excluded some areas with Serb majority.

## Capitals

[edit]

The first capital of Serbian Vojvodina was in Sremski Karlovci. It was later moved to Zemun, Veliki Bečkerek (today known as Zrenjanin), and Temišvar (Timișoara).

## Flag and coat of arms

[edit]

The coat of arms of the Serbian Vojvodina was essentially the Austrian Habsburg imperial arms, with the coat of arms of the Serbs (Serbian cross, with four Cyrillic letters "S", on the chest of a black eagle). The bearer of the Serbian arms was the Austrian black eagle, instead of the Serbian white one, in order to show the fidelity of the newly established Voivodship to the Imperial Court in Vienna. The coat of arms was simply added to the Serbian national tricolour. Thus the flag differed from the flag of the Principality of Serbia, which had a different arms in the middle of its state flag.[7]

## Rulers

[edit]

* Stevan Šupljikac, the first voivod (duke) of Serbian Vojvodina (1848).
* Josif Rajačić, administrator of Serbian Vojvodina (1848-1849).

## Gallery

[edit]

* Proclamation of Serbian Vojvodina in 1848 in Sremski Karlovci

* Frontlines in Vojvodina in 1848-1849

* Principality of Serbia and Serbian Vojvodina in 1848.

* Josif Rajačić (1785–1861), administrator of Serbian Vojvodina

* An assignat with the coat of arm of Serbian Vojvodina from 1848

## See also

[edit]

* Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat
* History of Vojvodina
* History of Serbia
* Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Ćirković 2004, p. 196-203.
2. ^ a b Bataković 2014, p. 170.
3. ^ Ćirković 2004, p. 201-202.
4. ^ a b Ćirković 2004, p. 202-203.
5. ^ Kaiserliches Patent vom 4. März 1849, die Reichsverfassung für das Kaiserthum Oesterreich
6. ^ a b Ćirković 2004, p. 203.
7. ^ "Leksiklopedija" (column), TV Novosti magazine, Belgrade, 1991.

## Sources

[edit]

* Bataković, Dušan T., ed. (2005). Histoire du peuple serbe [History of the Serbian People] (in French). Lausanne: L’Age d’Homme.
* Bataković, Dušan T. (2014). The Foreign Policy of Serbia (1844-1867): IIija Garašanin's Načertanije. Belgrade: Institute for Balkan Studies.
* Ćirković, Sima (2004). The Serbs. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
* Gavrilović, Vladan (2021). "The Serbian Vojvodina and Montenegro: 1848-1849". Istraživanja: Journal of historical researches. 32: 133–143.
* Gavrilović, Vladan (2023). "The Serbian Vojvodina: Idea and borders until 1918". Istraživanja: Journal of historical researches. 34: 112–120.
* Jelavich, Barbara (1983). History of the Balkans: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Vol. 1\. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* Krestić, Vasilije (1997). History of the Serbs in Croatia and Slavonia 1848–1914. Belgrade: BIGZ.
* Markus, Tomislav (2010). "The Serbian question in Croatian politics, 1848-1918". Review of Croatian History. 6: 165–188.
* Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (2002). Serbia: The History behind the Name. London: Hurst & Company.
* Stavrianos, Leften (2000) [1958]. The Balkans Since 1453. London: Hurst & Company.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Serbian Vojvodina.

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Serb rebellions

Ottoman territories
(Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Macedonia, Montenegro)|

* during Long Turkish War (1593–1606)
* Banat Uprising (1594)
* Peć Uprising (1594)
* Serb uprising (1596—1597)
* 1603
* 1604
* 1609
* 1611
* 1613
* Brda 1633–39
* during Cretan War (1645–1669)
* Brda 1658–
* during Great Turkish War (1683–99)
* Arsenije III Čarnojević's Revolts
* 1694
* Kuči Revolt
* Montenegrin Uprising (1709–10)
* Uprising in Vučitrn (1717)
* Serb Uprising of 1737–39
* 1768–74
* Koča's Revolt (1788)
* First Serbian Uprising (1804–13)
* Jančić's Rebellion (1809)
* Vlasotince Uprising (1809)
* Hadži-Prodan's Rebellion (1814)
* Second Serbian Uprising (1815-17)
* Belgrade Revolt (1817)
* Demir-Mićić Revolt (1819)
* Vlasotince Uprising (1821)
* Niš Rebellion (1821)
* Priest Jovica's Rebellion (1834)
* Second Mašići Rebellion (1834)
* Niš rebellion (1835)
* Pirot Rebellion (1836)
* Niš Rebellion (1841)
* Leskovac–Vranje Rebellion (1842)
* Zvornik–Bijeljina Plot (1847–48)
* Bjelopavlići–Piperi Rebellion (1854)
* Drobnjaci Rebellion (1855)
* Kuči Rebellion (1856)
* Pecija's First Revolt (1858)
* Prota's Revolt (1858)
* Vlasotince Uprising (1860)
* Herzegovina Uprising (1852–62)
* Trebava Rebellion
* Herzegovina Uprising (1875–78)
* Javor Rebellion (1876)
* Topola Rebellion (1877)
* Uprising in Vlasotince and Leskovac (1877)
* Raonič Revolt
* Kumanovo Uprising (1878)
* Brsjak Revolt (1881)
* Action in Macedonia (1903–08)

Habsburg territories
(Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Croatia)|

* 1623
* 1631
* 1632
* 1658
* Stefan Osmokruhović's Revolt (1665–66)
* 1672
* 1693–97
* 1700
* 1706
* 1714
* 1718
* 1719
* 1723
* 1727
* 1728
* 1730
* 1735
* Posavska Krajina Rebellion
* Podunavska Krajina Rebellion
* Pomorišje Uprising
* 1736
* 1739
* 1743
* 1748
* 1751–58
* Petar Ljubojević's Revolt (1754–55)
* 1777
* Tican's Rebellion (1807)
* Kruščica Rebellion (1808)
* Serb Uprising (1848–49)
* Krivošije Uprising (1869)
* 1870
* Herzegovina Uprising (1881–82)
* 1883

Venetian Dalmatia
(Croatia)|

* Kuridža's Rebellion (1704)

See also: Serbian revolutionary organisations, Military history of Serbia
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