Serpentine Wildlife Management Area

Wildlife Management Area in British Columbia, Canada

Serpentine Wildlife Management Area

IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)[1]

A pair of cormorants in fen the Serpentine River, British Columbia

Location in British Columbia

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Location in Metro Vancouver Regional District

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Location| Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
Coordinates| 49°05′08″N 122°49′12″W﻿ / ﻿49.08556°N 122.82000°W﻿ / 49.08556; -122.82000
Area| 71 ha (180 acres)
Designation| Wildlife Management Area
Established| 12 April 2009
Governing body| FLNRORD
Website| Serpentine Wildlife Management Area

The Serpentine Wildlife Management Area is a small wildlife management area located on the south coast of British Columbia in Surrey. It contains many kilometers of walking trail and viewing towers to enjoy the nature and observe the many species found in the area. Although the boundaries have changed over the years, the Government of British Columbia still manages the land to ensure it meets the currents goals that were set in place to protect the local and endangered species that inhabit the area[2] as well as monitoring the effects of climate change. This is done in partnership with Ducks Unlimited Canada, although the land falls within the territories of the Semiahmoo and Tsawwassen First Nation.[3]

## Geography

[edit]

The wildlife management area is at the mouth of the Serpentine River before it enters Mud Bay.[4] Thus the area is highly connected to the Boundary Bay Wildlife Management Area.[citation needed]

### Boundaries

[edit]

In 1973, when the area was first designated a Wildlife area, the borders were Highway 99, King George Boulevard, and the Serpentine River. This area added up to 106 hectares of space considered a Wildlife area, all found in Surrey, BC. Since then, the boundaries have changed. The Ministry of Transportation and Highways currently owns the property south of 44th Avenue,[3] which has since been called the Serpentine Annex.[5] This southern portion does not feature any trails, viewing towers, or other amenities featured in the Serpentine Wildlife Management Area and is only differentiated by the differing ownership and management.[5] Nowadays, 44th avenue acts as the southern boundary to the Serpentine Wildlife Management Area. The boundaries were set with the creation of the adjacent highways and other natural borders in the area. This does not include privately owned land such as Art Knapps.[3] The total area is now 71.3 hectares.[6]

## Goals

[edit]

There are four main goals that are currently being monitored within the Serpentine Wildlife Management Area. The first is to manage the wildlife species and habitats, mainly including birds and fish. The second and third are regarding maintaining a public recreation area that does not disturb the general wildlife, as well as keeping public health and safety a top priority. The final goal is to make sure that the management plan is up to date while taking into account current Regional Stewardship objectives.[7]

These goals are all currently being monitored and are so far being well met. Any invasive species in the area are being managed, the wildlife habitat is being maintained and species that have been introduced or reintroduced are currently self-sustaining. There is a plan regarding the persistence of fish in the area that has also been actively monitored. Wildlife disturbances, such as littering, have diminished while public support of limiting human activities in the area is generally improving. Local vegetation has been maintained and the area is clean which all adds up to an environment which is safe for public access. Lastly, current management needs including the present state of the land is all accounted for in the management plan. This means the needs of the local First Nations, Government, stakeholders and public are all adequately reflected, which falls in line with the Stewardship objectives.[7]

### Indigenous involvement in conservation

[edit]

The Serpentine Wildlife Management Area is located on Coast Salish land in Southwestern British Columbia.[8] The area is not located on a specific reserve but is located nearby the Semiahmoo First Nation Reserve in White Rock, British Columbia.[9] However, the area is located on the traditional and unceded territory of the Semiahmoo First Nation and is additionally in a boundary area between the Semiahmoo and the Tsawwassen First Nation.[10]  There is no information available on if the Government of British Columbia or the partner management company, Ducks Unlimited Canada, have worked with the Semiahmoo on the conservation and management of the Serpentine Wildlife Management Area.[citation needed]

Ducks Unlimited Canada is the partner management and conservation company with the Government of British Columbia.[2] They actively support Indigenous-led conservation planning across Canada.[11] This company creates wetland maps that are woven together using datasets that create large-scale, detailed maps of marsh, fen, bog, swamp and water. Additionally, they use helicopter-based field sites that are used to train and test machine-learning models to understand what is in the conservation area. This information is used in collaboration with Indigenous voices from the Semiahmoo First Nation to create conservation plans.[12]

## Species

[edit]

The Serpentine Wildlife Management Area (WMA) is a combination of agricultural lands and wetlands.[2] The area consists of freshwater and saltwater but is primarily made up of freshwater marsh, specific vegetation plantings, hedgerows, and old fields.[13] The Serpentine WMA is inhabited by a wide variety of species, including mammal, bird, fish, reptile, and amphibian species.[14] Based on the Government of BC's Serpentine Wildlife Management Area website, some of the mammal species found in Serpentine WMA are beavers, muskrats, river otters, mink, short-tailed weasel, eastern cottontail rabbit, and Townsend's vole.[2] Coyotes are also included in the many mammal species found in the area.[14] Some fish species listed by Ducks Unlimited Canada are catfish, shiners, Coho salmon, rainbow trout, steelhead, and carp. The area has an overwhelming number of bird species. As shown in Avibase-The World Bird Database, the last modified 2023 data on the number of bird species found in the Serpentine WMA is 212.[15] Waterfowl are part of the many bird species, and they specifically rely on the Serpentine WMA for migration and overwintering.[14]

### Endemic species

[edit]

No known species are endemic to the Serpentine Wildlife Management Area (WMA); however, according to Ducks Unlimited Canada, the site is a crucial spot for waterfowls such as Canada geese, mallard, wigeon, coot, pintail.[14] Water birds, shorebirds, and coastal birds rely heavily on the Serpentine WMA. The area is an important habitat for some species at risk, such as great blue heron, a blue-listed species.[16][14] The Serpentine WMA is Canada's most densely populated wintering and migrating areas, a habitat extensively used by many bird species, including species at risk.[13][14]

### Species at risk

[edit]

The Serpentine Wildlife Management Area, also better known as the Serpentine Fen is part of the most productive bird habitats in Western Canada.[17] It was first designated as Management area back in 1973 for the purpose of raising Canada geese.[18]  It is a protected area within the boundaries of the Fraser River Estuary, so most information on species at risk focuses on the region as a whole. Most Bird populations that rely on the area are migratory; information about population trends covers various locations as the region is a UN "Wetland of Importance" or Ramsar site.[19] The Ramsar designation for the Fraser River Delta covers six key locations Burns Bog, Sturgeon Bank, South Arm Marshes, Boundary Bay Wildlife Management Area, Serpentine, and the Alaksen National Wildlife Area (no longer considered a Ramsar site).  According to their website, the designation is due to its international importance as a "stopover" area, giving roughly 250,000 migrating and wintering waterfowl and 1 million shorebirds the necessary feeding and roosting sites they need.[19]

American bittern

The American bittern, for instance, is noted as a species of concern as they are vulnerable to human-caused disturbances, hence why they are on the Blue List in British Columbia.  This location is vital for many migratory bird species at risk like the American Bittern and the Western Sandpiper, due to the biofilm found in the mudflats.[17] Biofilm found in intertidal sediments is an essential food for birds and invertebrates, and due to climate-change is becoming a scarce commodity.[20] Shorebird populations trends are lower when the Fraser River is high, due to variability in biofilm quantity when salinity during the spring freshet is altered.[21]

## Impact of climate change

[edit]

Sea levels rising, high tides, and extreme weather, like heavy rainfall, have been leaving a global impact, and the Serpentine Wildlife Management Area (WMA) is also facing the effects.[22] The result of climate change puts the land areas at risk of flooding. To combat this issue, the Serpentine WMA uses the dyke system to help regulate the water levels, which is an installment of walls or barriers that prevent water from flooding over and causing damage.[23][13] As climate change impacts stay constant, detrimental flooding will increase, and the dyke system will not be a permanent fix.[22] According to the NOAA, issues such as coastal squeeze caused by the artificial walls put up, like the dyke system, will lead to the loss of wetlands.[24][25] Another issue of channel modifications, like the dyke system that causes changes to the water flow, is the negative influence on species’ food supply and quality.[21] The notable abovementioned variabilities lead to significant impacts such as habitat loss.[22] As Serpentine WMA is one of the vital migration habitats for many species, the various issues relating to climate change will impact species survival and possibly species loss.[22][21] The issues presented by climate change affect not only the Serpentine WMA but also the whole Fraser River Delta Ramsar site, which the Serpentine WMA is part of.[26]

## Amenities

[edit]

One of three lookout towers over the Serpentine Wildlife Management Area

Its proximity to main urban areas such as White Rock, Ladner, and Surrey combined with the convenience of being between Highway 99 and King George Highway (99A). However, due to the high number of traffic in the area, no data on visitors is publicly available. The Serpentine Wildlife Management area has a 3.5 km (2.2 mi) long level trail that loops around its circumference, roughly taking 1.5 hours to walk, and is open year-round.[27] The trail is mainly gravel and narrow in areas, contains three viewing towers, allows for fishing (with basic non-tidal licence if 16 or older) and is dog-friendly.[28] The narrow nature of the trail makes it difficult for wheelchair users and strollers, with none of the three viewing towers being wheelchair accessible. The trails are most popular for their birdwatching, views of the dikes, flatlands, bridges and of the surrounding farmlands.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Protected Planet | Serpentine Wildlife Management Area". Protected Planet. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
2. ^ a b c d Forests, Ministry of. "Serpentine Wildlife Management Area - Province of British Columbia". www2.gov.bc.ca. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
3. ^ a b c "Art Knapp South Surrey Outdoor Living Centre". www.artknappsurrey.com. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
4. ^ Forests, Ministry of. "Serpentine Wildlife Management Area - Province of British Columbia". www2.gov.bc.ca. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
5. ^ a b Cabianca, Scott; Young, Jennifer (April 4, 2000). "The Serpentine Project" (PDF). Retrieved October 10, 2023.
6. ^ "Serpentine Wildlife Management Area Management Plan" (PDF). April 2012. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
7. ^ a b Habitat Conservation Trust Foundation. 2019-22 Conservation Lands Operation and Management Provincial Application. https://hctf.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/2019-22-Conservation-Lands-OM-Binder_reduced.pdf
8. ^ Wilson, Kory; Colleen Hodgson (MNBC), Kory Wilson (2018-09-05). "Acknowledging Traditional Territories". `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
9. ^ "Interactive Map | British Columbia Assembly of First Nations". www.bcafn.ca. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
10. ^ "Land, Research & Resource Management". Semiahmoo First Nation. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
11. ^ "British Columbia". Ducks Unlimited Canada. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
12. ^ "Wetland mapping to support Indigenous-led conservation in northern B.C." Ducks Unlimited Canada. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
13. ^ a b c "Serpentine Wildlife Viewing Info". a100.gov.bc.ca. Retrieved 2023-10-12.
14. ^ a b c d e f "Serpentine Wildlife Management Area". Ducks Unlimited Canada. Retrieved 2023-10-12.
15. ^ "Serpentine Wildlife Management Area bird checklist - Avibase - Bird Checklists of the World". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2023-10-12.
16. ^ "Draft, updated management plan for the Serpentine Wildlife Management Area" (PDF). gov.bc.
17. ^ a b "Conserving Birds and Critical Habitat in the Fraser River Estuary, a Key Biodiversity Area". Birds Canada | Oiseaux Canada. 2021-09-09. Retrieved 2023-10-12.
18. ^ Department of Recreation and Conservation. (1973). Royal British Columbia Museum. https://royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/images/Reduced_AnnualReport1973.pdf
19. ^ a b "Fraser River Delta | Ramsar Sites Information Service". rsis.ramsar.org. Retrieved 2023-10-12.
20. ^ Kuwae, Tomohiro; Elner, Robert W.; Amano, Tatsuya; Drever, Mark C. (October 2021). "Seven ecological and technical attributes for biofilm‐based recovery of shorebird populations in intertidal flat ecosystems". Ecological Solutions and Evidence. 2 (4). doi:10.1002/2688-8319.12114. ISSN 2688-8319.
21. ^ a b c Canham, Rachel; Flemming, Scott A.; Hope, David D.; Drever, Mark C. (March 2021). "Sandpipers go with the flow: Correlations between estuarine conditions and shorebird abundance at an important stopover on the Pacific Flyway". Ecology and Evolution. 11 (6): 2828–2841\. doi:10.1002/ece3.7240. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 7981218. PMID 33767839.
22. ^ a b c d "SURREY COASTAL FLOOD ADAPTATION STRATEGY (CFAS) PRIMER PART I: COASTAL FLOODING IN SURREY" (PDF). surrey.ca.
23. ^ Strategy, Ministry of Environment and Climate Change. "Dike management - Province of British Columbia". www2.gov.bc.ca. Retrieved 2023-10-28.
24. ^ Fisheries, NOAA (2021-01-27). "The Coastal Squeeze: Changing Tactics for Dealing with Climate Change | NOAA Fisheries". NOAA. Retrieved 2023-10-28.
25. ^ "SURREY COASTAL FLOOD ADAPTATION STRATEGY (CFAS)" (PDF). March 2017.
26. ^ "Fraser River Delta | Ramsar Sites Information Service". rsis.ramsar.org. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
27. ^ Trails, Vancouver. "Serpentine Fen Nature Trail in Surrey". Vancouver Trails. Retrieved 2023-10-12.
28. ^ "Serpentine Wildlife Management Area | City of Surrey". www.surrey.ca. 2020-01-29. Retrieved 2023-10-12.

* v
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Protected areas of British Columbia

CRHP
Alberni-Clayoquot RD
BC Coast
Capital RD
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Columbia-Shuswap RD
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International Recognition

| World Heritage Sites|

* Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks
* Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound Glass Sponge Reefs (proposed)
* Kluane / Wrangell–St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek
* SGang Gwaay
* Stein Valley (proposed)

|

Biosphere Reserves|

* Clayoquot Sound Biosphere Reserve
* Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Region

National Parks and affiliated areas

| National Parks|

* Glacier
* Gulf Islands Reserve
* Gwaii Haanas Reserve
* Kootenay
* Mount Revelstoke
* Pacific Rim Reserve
* South Okanagan—Similkameen (proposed)
* Yoho

|

Marine Conservation Areas|

* Gwaii Haanas Reserve
* Southern Strait of Georgia Reserve (proposed)

National Historic Sites|

* Chilkoot Trail
* Fisgard Lighthouse
* Fort Langley
* Fort Rodd Hill
* Fort St. James
* Gitwangak Battle Hill
* Gulf of Georgia Cannery
* Kicking Horse Pass
* Kootanae House
* Nan Sdins
* Rogers Pass
* Stanley Park
* Twin Falls Tea House
* more...

National Wildlife Areas

| National Wildlife Areas|

* Alaksen
* Columbia
* Qualicum
* Scott Islands Marine
* Vaseux-Bighorn
* Widgeon Valley

|

Migratory Bird Sanctuaries|

* Christie Islet
* Esquimalt Lagoon
* George C. Reifel
* Nechako River
* Shoal Harbour
* Vaseux Lake
* Victoria Harbour

Marine Protected Areas

| Marine Protected Areas|

* Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents
* Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound Glass Sponge Reefs
* SGaan Kinghlas-Bowie Seamount

|

Marine Refuges|

* Gwaxdlala/Nalaxdlala (Lull/Hoeya)
* Offshore Pacific Seamounts and Vents
* Strait of Georgia and Howe Sound Glass Sponge Reef

Provincial Parks and affiliated areas

| Parks|

| Alberni-Clayoquot RD|

* Clayoquot Arm
* Clayoquot Plateau
* Dawley Passage
* Epper Passage
* Flores Island
* Fossli
* Gibson Marine
* Hesquiat Lake
* Hesquiat Peninsula
* Hitchie Creek
* Kennedy Lake
* Kennedy River Bog
* Maquinna
* Nitinat River
* Sproat Lake
* Stamp River
* Strathcona
* Sulphur Passage
* Sydney Inlet
* Taylor Arm
* Tranquil Creek
* Vargas Island

|

Bulkley-Nechako RD|

* Atna River
* Babine Lake Marine
* Babine Mountains
* Babine River Corridor
* Beaumont
* Burns Lake
* Call Lake
* Dead Man's Island
* Driftwood Canyon
* Entiako
* Ethel F. Wilson Memorial
* Finger-Tatuk
* François Lake
* Little Andrews Bay Marine
* Morice Lake
* Mount Blanchet
* Mount Pope
* Mudzenchoot
* Nadina Mountain
* Nation Lakes
* Nenikëkh/Nanika-Kidprice
* Netalzul Meadows
* Nilkitkwa Lake
* Old Man Lake
* Omineca
* Paarens Beach
* Rainbow Alley
* Red Bluff
* Rubyrock Lake
* Stuart Lake
* Stuart Lake Marine
* Stuart River
* Sutherland River
* Takla Lake Marine
* Tazdli Wyiez Bin/Burnie-Shea
* Topley Landing
* Trembleur Lake
* Tweedsmuir North
* Tweedsmuir South
* Tyhee Lake
* Uncha Mountain Red Hills
* Wistaria

Capital RD|

* Beaver Point
* Bellhouse
* Bodega Ridge
* Burgoyne Bay
* Collinson Point
* Dionisio Point
* Discovery Island Marine
* French Beach
* Goldstream
* Gowland Tod
* ȽÁU,WELṈEW̱/John Dean
* Juan de Fuca
* Montague Harbour
* Mount Erskine
* Mount Maxwell
* Ruckle
* Sooke Mountain
* Sooke Potholes
* Wallace Island

Cariboo RD|

* Beaver Valley
* Big Creek
* Bowron Lake
* Bridge Lake
* Bull Canyon
* Canim Beach
* Cariboo Mountains
* Cariboo Nature
* Cariboo River
* Cedar Point
* Cottonwood River
* Donnely Lake
* Dragon Mountain
* Flat Lake
* Horsefly Lake
* Itcha Ilgachuz
* Junction Sheep Range
* Kluskoil Lake
* Lac La Hache
* Moose Valley
* Nazko Lake
* Nuntsi
* Pinnacles
* Puntchesakut Lake
* Punti Island
* Rainbow-Qiwentem
* Ruth Lake
* Schoolhouse Lake
* Ten Mile Lake
* Titetown
* Tsʼilʔos
* Wells Gray
* Wendle
* White Pelican

Central Coast RD|

* Codville Lagoon Marine
* Oliver Cove Marine
* Penrose Island Marine
* Sir Alexander Mackenzie
* Tweedsmuir South

Central Kootenay RD|

* Arrow Lakes
* Champion Lakes
* Cody Caves
* Drewry Point
* Erie Creek
* Gladstone
* Goat Range
* Grohman Narrows
* Kianuko
* Kokanee Creek
* Kokanee Glacier
* Kootenay Lake
* Lockhart Beach
* Lockhart Creek
* McDonald Creek
* Pilot Bay
* Purcell Wilderness Conservancy
* Rosebery
* Ryan
* Stagleap
* Summit Lake
* Syringa
* Valhalla
* West Arm
* Yahk

Central Okanagan RD|

* Bear Creek
* Browne Lake
* Fintry
* Graystokes
* Kalamalka Lake
* Myra-Bellevue
* Okanagan Mountain
* Trepanier
* Wrinkly Face

Columbia-Shuswap RD|

* Adams Lake
* Anstey-Hunakwa
* Arrow Lakes
* Blanket Creek
* Bugaboo
* Burges James Gadsden
* Cinnemousun Narrows
* Cummins Lakes
* English Lake
* Hamber
* Herald
* Kingfisher Creek
* Marl Creek
* Martha Creek
* Oregana Creek
* Pukeashun
* Shuswap Lake Marine
* Shuswap Lake
* Shuswap River Islands
* Silver Beach
* Skookumchuck Rapids
* Sunnybrae
* Tsútswecw
* Upper Seymour River
* Victor Lake
* White Lake
* Yard Creek

Comox Valley RD|

* Boyle Point
* Denman Island
* Fillongley
* Helliwell
* Jáji7em and Kw’ulh (Sandy Island) Marine
* Kin Beach
* Kitty Coleman
* Miracle Beach
* Mount Geoffrey Escarpment
* Rosewall Creek
* Strathcona
* Tribune Bay

Cowichan Valley RD|

* Bamberton
* Carmanah Walbran
* Chemainus River
* Cowichan River
* Eves
* Gordon Bay
* Koksilah River
* Memory Island
* Nitinat River
* Spectacle Lake
* Wakes Cove
* West Shawnigan Lake
* Whaleboat Island Marine

East Kootenay RD|

* Akamina-Kishinena
* Bugaboo
* Columbia Lake
* Crowsnest
* Dry Gulch
* Elk Lakes
* Elk Valley
* Gilnockie
* Height of the Rockies
* Inonoaklin
* James Chabot
* Jimsmith Lake
* Kikomun Creek
* Morrissey
* Mount Assiniboine
* Mount Fernie
* Moyie Lake
* Norbury Lake
* Purcell Wilderness Conservancy
* Premier Lake
* Ryan
* St. Mary's Alpine
* Thunder Hill
* Top of the World
* Wardner
* Wasa Lake
* Whiteswan Lake
* Windermere Lake

Fraser-Fort George RD|

* Ancient Forest/Chun T’oh Whudujut
* Arctic Pacific Lakes
* Bijoux Falls
* Bobtail Mountain
* Carp Lake
* Close-To-The-Edge
* Crooked River
* Dahl Lake
* Erg Mountain
* Eskers
* Evanoff
* Fort George Canyon
* Fraser River
* Heather-Dina Lakes
* Jackman Flats
* Kakwa
* Monkman
* Mount Robson
* Mount Terry Fox
* Pine Le Moray
* Ptarmigan Creek
* Purden Lake
* Rearguard Falls
* Slim Creek
* Small River Caves
* Sowchea Bay
* Sugarbowl-Grizzly Den
* Three Sisters Lakes
* Tudyah Lake
* West Lake
* West Twin
* Whiskers Point

Fraser Valley RD|

* Alexandra Bridge
* Bridal Veil Falls
* Chilliwack River
* Coquihalla Canyon
* Coquihalla River
* Cultus Lake
* Davis Lake
* E.C. Manning
* Emory Creek
* F.H. Barber
* Ferry Island
* Garibaldi
* Golden Ears
* Kilby
* Mehatl Creek
* Nahatlatch
* Nicolum River
* Rolley Lake
* Sasquatch
* Silver Lake
* Skagit Valley
* Sx̱ótsaqel/Chilliwack Lake

Kitimat-Stikine RD|

* Anderson Flats
* Bear Glacier
* Border Lake
* Boulder Creek
* Bulkley Junction
* Tazdli Wyiez Bin/Burnie-Shea
* Choquette Hot Springs
* Coste Rocks
* Dala-Kildala Rivers Estuaries
* Eagle Bay
* Exchamsiks River
* Foch-Gilttoyees
* Gitnadoiks River
* Great Glacier
* Green Inlet Marine
* Hai Lake–Mount Herman
* Iskut River Hot Springs
* Jackson Narrows Marine
* Kinaskan Lake
* Kitimat River
* Kitsumkalum
* Kitwanga Mountain
* Kleanza Creek
* Lakelse Lake
* Lakelse Lake Wetlands
* Lava Forks
* Lowe Inlet Marine
* Meziadin Lake
* Mount Edziza
* Nalbeelah Creek Wetlands
* Netalzul Meadows
* Ningunsaw
* Nisga'a Memorial Lava Bed
* Owyacumish River
* Ross Lake
* Seeley Lake
* Seven Sisters Protected Area
* Sleeping Beauty Mountain
* Stikine River
* Sue Channel
* Swan Lake Kispiox River
* Todagin South Slope
* Union Passage Marine

Kootenay Boundary RD|

* Beaver Creek
* Boothman's Oxbow
* Boundary Creek
* Champion Lakes
* Christina Lake
* Conkle Lake
* Gilpin Grasslands
* Gladstone
* Granby
* Jewel Lake
* Johnstone Creek
* King George VI
* Nancy Greene

Metro Vancouver RD|

* Apodaca
* Cypress
* Golden Ears
* Mount Seymour
* Peace Arch
* Pinecone Burke
* Say Nuth Khaw Yum (Indian Arm)

Mount Waddington RD|

* Allison Harbour Marine
* Broughton Archipelago
* Cape Scott
* Claud Elliott Lake
* Cormorant Channel Marine
* Echo Bay Marine
* God's Pocket Marine
* Lanz and Cox Islands
* Lawn Point
* Lower Nimpkish
* Lower Tsitika
* Marble River
* Mquqᵂin/Brooks Peninsula
* Nimpkish Lake
* Quatsino
* Raft Cove
* Schoen Lake
* Woss Lake

Nanaimo RD|

* Arbutus Grove
* Drumbeg
* Englishman River Falls
* Gabriola Sands
* Gerald Island
* Hemer
* Horne Lake Caves
* Little Qualicum River Falls
* MacMillan
* Morden Colliery Historic
* Petroglyph
* Pirates Cove Marine
* Rathtrevor Beach
* Roberts Memorial
* Sandwell
* Saysutshun (Newcastle Island)
* Spider Lake

North Coast RD|

* Diana Lake
* Khutzeymateen
* Kitson Island Marine
* Klewnuggit Inlet Marine
* Lower Skeena River
* Naikoon
* Prudhomme Lake
* Pure Lake

North Okanagan RD|

* Denison - Bonneau
* Echo Lake
* Ellison
* Enderby Cliffs
* Granby
* Graystokes
* Kalamalka Lake
* Kekuli Bay
* Kingfisher Creek
* Mabel Lake
* Mara
* Mara Meadows
* Monashee
* Mount Griffin
* Shuswap River Islands
* Silver Star
* Skookumchuck Rapids
* Upper Violet Creek
* Wap Creek

Northern Rockies RM|

* Andy Bailey
* Jackpine Remnant
* Kotcho Lake Village
* Liard River Corridor
* Liard River Hot Springs
* Maxhamish Lake
* Muncho Lake
* Northern Rocky Mountains
* Scatter River Old Growth
* Sikanni Old Growth
* Smith River Falls – Fort Halkett
* Stone Mountain
* Tetsa River
* Toad River Hot Springs

Okanagan-Similkameen RD|

* Allison Lake
* Bromley Rock
* Cathedral
* Darke Lake
* E.C. Manning
* Eneas Lakes
* Inkaneep
* Keremeos Columns
* Kickininee
* Nickel Plate
* Okanagan Lake
* Okanagan Mountain
* Otter Lake
* Skaha Bluffs
* Stemwinder
* Sun-Oka Beach
* sw̓iw̓s (Haynes Point)
* sx̌ʷəx̌ʷnitkʷ (Okanagan Falls)
* Vaseux Lake

Peace River RD|

* Bearhole Lake
* Beatton
* Beatton River
* Bocock Peak
* Buckinghorse River Wayside
* Butler Ridge
* Charlie Lake
* Chase
* East Pine
* Ed Bird – Estella Lakes
* Finlay-Russel
* Graham-Laurier
* Gwillim Lake
* Hole-in-the-Wall
* Kakwa
* Kiskatinaw
* Kwadacha Wilderness
* Milligan Hills
* Moberly Lake
* Monkman
* Muscovite Lakes
* Omineca
* One Island Lake
* Peace River Corridor
* Pine Le Moray
* Pine River Breaks
* Pink Mountain
* Prophet River Hotsprings
* Prophet River Wayside
* Redfern-Keily
* Sukunka Falls
* Swan Lake
* Tatlatui
* Taylor Landing
* Wapiti Lake

qathet RD|

* Anderson Bay
* Copeland Islands Marine
* Desolation Sound Marine
* Inland Lake
* Malaspina
* Okeover Arm
* Jedediah Island Marine
* Sabine Channel Marine
* Saltery Bay
* South Texada Island
* Squitty Bay

Squamish-Lillooet RD|

* Alice Lake
* Birkenhead Lake
* Blackcomb Glacier
* Brackendale Eagles
* Brandywine Falls
* Bridge River Delta
* Callaghan Lake
* Clendinning
* Duffey Lake
* Edge Hills
* Fred Antoine
* Garibaldi
* Gwyneth Lake
* Joffre Lakes
* Marble Canyon
* Murrin
* Nairn Falls
* Porteau Cove
* Seton Portage Historic
* Shannon Falls
* South Chilcotin Mountains
* Stawamus Chief
* Tantalus
* Upper Lillooet
* Yalakom

Stikine Region|

* Atlin/Áa Tlein Téix'i
* Dall River Old Growth
* Denetiah
* Dune Za Keyih
* Horneline Creek
* Hyland River
* Omineca
* Spatsizi Headwaters
* Spatsizi Plateau Wilderness
* Stikine River
* Sustut
* Tā Ch’ilā (Boya Lake)
* Tarahne
* Tatshenshini-Alsek
* Tuya Mountains

Strathcona RD|

* Artlish Caves
* Big Bunsby Marine
* Bishop River
* Bligh Island
* Catala Island Marine
* Dixie Cove Marine
* Elk Falls
* Gold Muchalat
* Háthayim (Von Donop) Marine
* Homathko Estuary
* Loveland Bay
* Main Lake
* Mansons Landing
* Mitlenatch Island Nature
* Morton Lake
* Mquqᵂin/Brooks Peninsula
* Nuchatlitz
* Octopus Islands Marine
* Read Island
* Rebecca Spit Marine
* Rendezvous Island South
* Rock Bay Marine
* Roscoe Bay
* Rugged Point Marine
* Santa Gertrudis - Boca del Infierno Marine
* Small Inlet Marine
* Smelt Bay
* Strathcona
* Strathcona-Westmin
* Surge Narrows
* Tahsish-Kwois
* Teakerne Arm
* Thurston Bay Marine
* Walsh Cove
* Weymer Creek
* White Ridge
* White River

Sunshine Coast RD|

* Buccaneer Bay
* Francis Point
* Garden Bay Marine
* Halkett Bay Marine
* Hardy Island Marine
* Harmony Islands Marine
* Mount Elphinstone
* Mount Richardson
* Musket Island Marine
* Plumper Cove Marine
* Porpoise Bay
* Princess Louisa Marine
* Roberts Creek
* Sargeant Bay
* Sechelt Inlets Marine
* Simson Marine
* Skookumchuck Narrows
* Smuggler Cove Marine
* Spipiyus
* Tetrahedron

Thompson-Nicola RD|

* Arrowstone
* Banana Island
* Bedard Aspen
* Big Bar Lake
* Blue Earth Lake
* Blue River Black Spruce
* Blue River Pine
* Bonaparte
* Buse Lake
* Caligata Lake
* Castle Rock Hoodoos
* Chasm
* Chu Chua Cottonwood
* Churn Creek
* Coldwater River
* Copper Johnny
* Cornwall Hills
* Downing
* Dunn Peak
* Eakin Creek Canyon
* Eakin Creek Floodplain
* Edge Hills
* Elephant Hill
* Emar Lakes
* Epsom
* Finn Creek
* Flat Lake
* French Bar Creek
* Goldpan
* Green Lake
* Greenstone Mountain
* Harbour Dudgeon Lakes
* Harry Lake Aspen
* High Lakes Basin
* Juniper Beach
* Kentucky Alleyne
* Loon Lake
* Marble Canyon
* Marble Range
* McConnell Lake
* Momich Lakes
* Monck
* Monte Creek
* Monte Lake
* Mount Savona
* Mud Lake Delta
* Niskonlith Lake
* North Thompson Islands
* North Thompson Oxbows East
* North Thompson Oxbows Jensen Island
* North Thompson River
* Oregon Jack
* Painted Bluffs
* Paul Lake
* Pennask Creek
* Pennask Lake
* Pillar
* Porcupine Meadows
* Pritchard
* Pyramid Creek Falls
* Roche Lake
* Skihist
* Steelhead
* Stein Valley Nlaka'pamux
* Taweel
* Tsintsunko Lakes
* Tunkwa
* Upper Adams River
* Walhachin Oxbows
* Walloper Lake
* Wells Gray
* Wire Cache

Conservancies|

* Alty
* Banks Nii Łuutiksm
* Bishop Bay – Monkey Beach
* Bishop Bay – Monkey Beach Corridor
* Broughton Archipelago
* Burdwood Group
* Calvert Island
* Cascade-Sutslem
* Cetan/Thurston Bay
* Crab Lake
* Daawuuxusda Heritage
* Dean River
* Duu Guusd Heritage
* Dzawadi/Upper Klinaklini River
* Ecstall Headwaters
* Ecstall-Sparkling
* Ecstall-Spokskuut
* Ellerslie-Roscoe
* Ethelda Bay – Tennant Island
* Europa Lake
* Fiordland
* Forward Harbour/ƛəx̌əᵂəyəm
* Gitxaala Nii Luutiksm/Kitkatla
* Gunboat Harbour
* Hakai Lúxvbálís
* Hanna-Tintina
* Hotsprings-No Name Creek
* Kamdis
* Huchsduwachsdu Nuyem Jees / Kitlope Heritage
* Hunwadi/Ahnuhati-Bald
* Indian Lake – Hitchcock Creek/Át Ch'îni Shà
* Jump Across
* Kennedy Island
* K'distsausk/Turtle Point
* Khtada Lake
* Khutzeymateen Inlet
* Khyex
* Kitasoo Spirit Bear
* K’lgaan/Klekane
* K’mooda/Lowe-Gamble
* K'nabiyaaxl/Ashdown
* Koeye
* K’ootz/Khutze
* Ksgaxl/Stephens Island
* Ksi X’anmaas
* Ksi xts'at'kw/Stagoo
* Ktisgaidz/MacDonald Bay
* Kts'mkta'ani/Union Lake
* Kun⨱alas Heritage
* K'uuna Gwaay Heritage
* K'waal
* Lady Douglas-Don Peninsula
* Lax ka’gaas/Campania
* Lax Kul Nii Luutiksm/Bonilla
* Lax Kwaxl/Dundas and Melville Islands
* Lax Kwil Dziidz/Fin
* Lockhart-Gordon
* Lucy Islands
* Mahpahkum-Ahkwuna/Deserters-Walker
* Maxtaktsm'aa/Union Passage
* Moksgm’ol/Chapple–Cornwall
* Monckton Nii Luutiksm
* Nakina – Inklin Rivers (Kuthai Area)/Yáwu Yaa
* Nakina – Inklin Rivers/Yáwu Yaa
* Namu
* Nang Xaldangaas Heritage
* Neʼāhʼ
* Outer Central Coast Islands
* Owikeno
* Pa-aat
* Polkinghorne Islands
* Q’altanaas/Aaltanhash
* Qudǝs/Gillard-Jimmy Judd Island Conservancy
* Qwiquallaaq/Boat Bay
* Shearwater Hot Springs
* Tenh Dẕetle
* Tlall Heritage
* Tsa-Latĺ/Smokehouse
* Tutshi Lake/T’ooch’ Áayi
* Ugʷiwa’/Cape Caution
* Upper Elaho Valley
* Upper Gladys River/Watsíx Deiyi
* Upper Kimsquit River
* Upper Rogers kóḻii7
* Upper Soo
* Willison Creek – Nelson Lake/Sít’ Héeni
* Yaaguun Gandlaay
* Yaaguun Suu

Ecological reserves|

* Aleza Lake
* Ambrose Lake
* Anne Vallée (Triangle Island)
* Baeria Rocks
* Ballingall Islets
* Baynes Island
* Bednesti Lake
* Beresford Island
* Big Creek
* Big White Mountain
* Blackwater Creek
* Bowen Island
* Bowser
* Browne Lake
* Buck Hills Road
* Burnt Cabin Bog
* Byers-Conroy-Harvey-Sinnett Islands
* Canoe Islets
* Checleset Bay
* Claud Elliott Creek
* Columbia Lake
* Drizzle Lake
* Duke of Edinburgh (Pine/Storm/Tree Islets)
* Dewdney and Glide Islands
* East Redonda Island
* Gamble Creek
* Gingietl Creek
* Gladys Lake
* Ilgachuz Range
* Klanawa River
* Misty Lake
* Mount Derby
* Mount Elliott
* Mount Tzouhalem
* Nitinat Lake
* Race Rocks
* Robson Bight
* Rose Spit
* San Juan River Estuary
* Sikanni Chief River
* Solander Island
* Tow Hill
* Trial Islands
* Tsitika Mountain
* Vladimir J. Krajina

Protected areas|

* Anarchist
* Brent Mountain
* Brim River Hot Springs
* Chukachida
* Churn Creek
* Craig Headwaters
* Damdochax
* Homathko River - Tatlayoko
* Klua Lakes
* Lac du Bois Grasslands
* Lucy Islands
* Nechako Canyon
* Pitman River
* Snowy
* South Okanagan Grasslands
* Thinahtea
* Thunderbird's Nest (T'iitsk'in Paawats)
* Upper Raush
* Vaseux
* White Lake Grasslands

Recreation areas|

* Coquihalla Summit
* Kettle River
* Mount Edziza (former)

Wildlife Management Areas

* Bert Brink
* Boundary Bay
* Chilanko Marsh
* Cluxewe
* Columbia Wetlands
* Coquitlam River
* Cranberry Marsh/Starratt
* Dewdrop-Rosseau Creek
* East Side Columbia Lake
* Green Mountain
* Hamling Lakes
* Lhá:lt/Harrison-Chehalis
* Lazo Marsh-North East Comox
* McTaggart-Cowan/Nsək'łniw't
* Midge Creek
* Parksville-Qualicum Beach
* Pemberton Wetlands
* Pitt-Addington Marsh
* Quatse Estuary
* Roberts Bank
* S'amunu
* Serpentine
* Skwelwil'em Squamish Estuary
* South Arm Marshes
* South Okanagan
* Stellako River
* Sturgeon Bank
* Swan Lake
* Todagin
* Tofino Mudflats
* Tranquille

Regional Parks

* Burnaby Lake
* Campbell Valley
* Capilano River
* Cascade Falls
* Derby Reach
* Elk/Beaver Lake
* Island View Beach
* Kanaka Creek
* Minnekhada
* Mount Arrowsmith
* Mount Douglas
* Pacific Spirit
* Sooke Potholes
* Surrey Bend
* təmtəmíxʷtən/Belcarra

Other

* Creston Valley Wildlife Management Area
* Hidden Grove/Sechelt Heritage Forest
* Maplewood Flats Conservation Area
* Muskwa-Kechika Management Area
* Sacred Headwaters (proposed)
* Sea to Sea Green Blue Belt
* Swan Lake Nature Sanctuary

* Category
* BC Parks
* Commons

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*[CRHP]: Canadian Register of Historic Places