Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum

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Part of a series on
the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

Israeli–Palestinian
peace process

History

| Camp David Accords| 1978

|

Madrid Conference| 1991
Oslo Accords| 1993 / 95
Hebron Protocol| 1997
Wye River Memorandum| 1998
Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum| 1999
Camp David Summit| 2000
The Clinton Parameters| 2000
Taba Summit| 2001
Road Map| 2003
Agreement on Movement and Access| 2005
Annapolis Conference| 2007
Mitchell-led talks| 2010–11
Kerry-led talks| 2013–14

Primary concerns

*     * Final borders
* Israeli settlements
* Palestinian enclaves
* Jewish state

* Palestinian political violence
* Palestinian refugees
* Security concerns
* Status of Jerusalem
*     * Zionist political violence

Secondary concerns

* Israeli West Bank barrier
* Places of worship
* Fatah–Hamas conflict
* Water
* Electricity

International brokers

* The "Quartet"

* (United Nations
* United States

European Union
* Russia)

* Arab League

* Egypt
* Jordan

*     * United Kingdom
* France

Proposals

* One-state solution:

* Isratin
Elon Peace Plan

* Two-state solution:

* Fahd Plan
Allon Plan
Arab Peace Initiative
Geneva Initiative
Lieberman Plan
Israeli Peace Initiative
Palestinian Prisoners' Document
Trump Peace Plan

* Three-state solution

* Israeli unilateral plans:

* Hafrada
Disengagement
Realignment

Projects / groups / NGOs

* Peace-orientated projects

* Israeli–Palestinian economic peace efforts
* Valley of Peace
* Middle East economic integration
* Alliance for Middle East Peace
* Peres Center for Peace

* v
* t
* e

The Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum, full name: The Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum on Implementation Timeline of Outstanding Commitments of Agreements Signed and the Resumption of Permanent Status Negotiations, was a memorandum signed on September 4, 1999, by Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Barak and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat at Sharm el Sheikh in Egypt, overseen by the United States represented by Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. The memorandum was witnessed and co-signed by President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt and King Abdullah of Jordan.

## Purposes

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The memorandum's purpose was to implement the Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (Oslo II) of September 1995 and to implement all other agreements between the PLO and Israel since September 1993: Protocol on Economic Relations (1994); Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area (1994); Washington Declaration (1994); Agreement on Preparatory Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities Between Israel and the PLO (1994); Protocol on Further Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities (1995); Wye River Memorandum (1998).

To sum up the memorandum:[1]

> In an effort to break the deadlocked Israel-PA negotiations, the parties met in Sharm El Sheikh in the presence of Secretary Albright, President Mubarak and King Abdullah, and signed an agreement which called for the Israeli withdrawal from a further 11% of the West Bank; the release of 350 Palestinian prisoners; the opening of safe passages between the West Bank and Gaza; and a seaport to be built in Gaza. There was also a timetable for final status talks to deal with Jerusalem, borders, refugees and settlements. A framework agreement on permanent status (FAPS) was to be achieved by February 2000 and permanent agreement by September 2000.

## Redeployments

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The two sides agreed to resume Permanent Status negotiations to reach a Permanent Status Agreement. They reaffirmed that negotiations on the Permanent Status would lead to the implementation of Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338. Both sides agreed to make a determined effort to conclude a framework agreement and established a timetable to achieve this goal.

Israel and Palestine agreed on a number of Israeli redeployments.

(Note: Area A - Full control of the Palestinian Authority.

Area B - Palestinian civil control, Israeli military control.

Area C - Full Israeli control.)

1. On September 5, 1999, to transfer 7% from Area C to Area B.

1. On November 15, 1999, to transfer 2% from Area B to Area A and 3% from Area C to Area B.

1. On January 20, 2000, to transfer 1% from Area C to Area A, and 5.1% from Area B to Area A.

## Other stipulations

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* Various committees to monitor redeployments and the return to civilian life.
* Safe passage routes and crossing points.
* A high level Joint Liaison Committee, which would convene no later than September 13, 1999 to review the situation in the Tomb of the Patriarchs / Al Haram Al Ibrahimi

The memorandum states that neither side would initiate or take any step that would change the status of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip in accordance with the Interim Agreement. This clause recognized the necessity to create an appropriate environment for negotiations,

Israeli and Palestinian negotiators also discussed various issues:

* Needs for the peaceful and normal functioning of the Gaza sea port and airport.
* The release of Palestinian prisoners from Israeli military jails.
* Anti-terrorism security. Both sides affirmed they would act swiftly against any threat or act of terrorism, violence or incitement, whether committed by Palestinians or Israelis.

Palestine and Israel also called upon the international donor community to enhance its financial support for the Palestinian economic development and the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Speeches at the Signing of the Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum (September 1999)". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2023-10-24.

## External links

[edit]

* Full text of the Memorandum
* Speeches at the Signing of the Sharm el-Sheikh Memorandum
* Map for the first Israeli redeployment after the Sharm al-Sheikh Agreement
* Map for the second Israeli redeployment after the Sharm al-Sheikh Agreement

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Diplomacy and peace proposals in the Arab–Israeli conflict

Background|

* 1914 Damascus Protocol
* 1915 McMahon–Hussein Correspondence
* 1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement
* 1917 Balfour Declaration
* 1918 Declaration to the Seven / Anglo-French Declaration
* 1919 Faisal–Weizmann agreement
* 1920 San Remo conference
* 1922 Churchill White Paper
* 1937 Peel Commission
* 1939 White Paper
* 1939 London Conference
* 1946 Morrison–Grady Plan
* 1947 Bevin Plan
* 1946–47 London Conference
* 1947 UN Partition Plan
* 1948 American trusteeship proposal

1948–1983|

* 1948 UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194
* 1949 Armistice agreements / Lausanne Conference
* 1950 Tripartite Declaration
* 1967 Khartoum Resolution / UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242
* 1973 UNSC Resolution 338 / UNSC Resolution 339
* 1974 Israel–Syria disengagement agreement / UNSC Resolution 350
* 1978 UNSC Resolution 425 / Camp David Accords
* 1979 UNSC Resolution 446 / Egypt–Israel peace treaty Palestinian autonomy talks / UNSC Resolution 452
* 1980 UNSC Resolution 478
* 1981 UNSC Resolution 497
* 1981–1982 Fahd Plan
* 1982 Reagan peace plan
* 1983 Israel–Lebanon agreement

1991–2016|

* 1991 Madrid Conference
* 1993 Oslo Accords
* 1994 Gaza–Jericho Agreement / Israel–Jordan peace treaty
* 1995 Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement
* 1998 Wye River Memorandum
* 1999 Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
* 2000 Camp David Summit / Clinton Parameters
* 2000 Isratin
* 2001 Taba Summit
* 2002 Beirut Summit and peace initiative / Road map
* 2003 Geneva Initiative
* 2004 UNSC Resolution 1559 / UNSC Resolution 1566
* 2005 UNSC Resolution 1583 / Sharm El Sheikh Summit / Israeli disengagement from Gaza / Agreement on Movement and Access
* 2006 UNSC Resolution 1850 / Quartet Principles
* 2006 UNSC Resolution 1701
* 2007 Annapolis Conference
* 2010 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
* 2013 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
* 2016 John Kerry Parameters

2019–present|

* 2019 Trump peace plan
* 2020 Abraham Accords
* Israel–UAE normalization agreement
* Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement
* Israel–Sudan normalization agreement
* Israel–Morocco normalization agreement
* 2022 Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement

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