Shas

Israeli political party (1984-)

For other uses, see Shas (disambiguation).

Shas

ש״ס

Leader| Aryeh Deri
Spiritual Leader| Vacant
Founders| Elazar Shach
Ovadia Yosef
Founded| 1984
Split from| Agudat Yisrael
Headquarters| Jerusalem
Ideology|

* Populism[1]
* Social conservatism[2][3]
* Religious conservatism[4]
* Social democracy[5][6]
* Sephardic and Mizrahi
interests
* Haredi interests[7][8]
* Religious Zionism (since 2010)
* Formerly
* Haredi non-Zionism (until 2010)

Political position|

* Fiscal: Centre-left[9]
* Social: Right-wing[10]

Religion| Haredi Judaism (Sephardic)
International affiliation| World Zionist Organization
Colours|  Black, Gold
Azure (past)
Ballot letters[11]| Hebrew: שס
Arabic: ش‌س
Knesset|

11 / 120

Most MKs| 17 (1999)
Website
shas.org.il

* Politics of Israel
* Political parties
* Elections

Shas (Hebrew: ש״ס) is a Haredi religious political party in Israel.[12] Founded in 1984 by Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, a former Israeli Sephardi chief rabbi, who remained its spiritual leader until his death in October 2013,[13] it primarily represents the interests of Sephardic and Mizrahi Haredi Jews.[14]

Shas is the third-largest party in the Knesset as of 2024[update]. Since 1984, it has been part of most governing coalitions, whether the ruling party was Labor or Likud.

## Name

[edit]

The party was originally called Shom'rei Torah ("Guardians of the Torah"), with the acronym ש״ת, pronounced "Shat" or "Shas". However, Israeli election law requires a party wishing to use letters for their acronym that already appear in the acronym of an existing party to first obtain permission from that party, and the Israeli Labor Party, whose letters are אמת, refused to grant Shas permission to use the ת. Instead, it was named ש״ס, Shas, an acronym for Shomrei S'farad, meaning "Sephardic Guardians".[15][16][17] The name is also a reference to the six orders (Shisha S'darim) of the Mishnah and the Talmud, both of which are often referred to by the same acronym, "Shas". The party's legal name is "Hit'akhdut ha-S'pharadim ha-Olamit Shom'rei Torah" (התאחדות הספרדים העולמית שומרי תורה), meaning "International Union of the Sepharadim, Guardians of the Torah".[18]

## History

[edit]

Aryeh Deri, chairman of Shas Eli Yishai, 2009

Shas was founded in 1984, prior to the elections to the eleventh Knesset in the same year, in protest against the small representation of Sephardim in the largely Ashkenazi Agudat Yisrael,[14] through the merger of regional lists which were compiled in 1983. It was originally known as the Worldwide Sephardic Association of Torah Keepers (Hebrew: הִתְאַחֲדוּת הַסְּפָרַדִּים הָעוֹלָמִית שׁוֹמְרֵי תּוֹרָה, Hitahdut HaSfaradim HaOlamit Shomrei Torah). The party was formed under the leadership of former Israeli Chief Sephardi Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, who established a four-member (including himself) Council of Torah Sages and remained the party's spiritual leader until his death. In founding the party, Yosef received strategic help and guidance from Rabbi Elazar Shach, leader of Israel's non-Hasidic Haredi Ashkenazi Jews.[19] Yosef founded the party in 1984 on the platform of a return to religion and as a counter to an establishment dominated by Ashkenazi Jews of European extraction.[20]

Not all Shas voters are ultra-Orthodox Jews. Many of its voters are Modern Orthodox and traditional Mizrahi and Sephardi Jews, due to its alignment with the promotion of an "authentic Middle Eastern" Israeli culture, which fits with traditional Zionist beliefs of a revival of authentic, non-Europeanized Jewish culture. However, it still represents the Sephardi and Mizrahi Haredi Jewish sectors in the Knesset. Shas has at times been able to exert disproportionate influence by gaining control of the balance of power in the Knesset within the context of the traditionally narrow margin between Israel's large parties. Like its Labor Zionist counterparts (i. e., Labor and Meretz) that gain votes from the kibbutz movement, Shas gains votes and supports from moshavim that are inhabited by Mizrahi and Sephardi Jews, either Orthodox or non-Orthodox. Also, since it became a member of the World Zionist Organization, it gains votes from Orthodox settlers in the West Bank.[citation needed]

In the elections to the eleventh Knesset in 1984, Shas won four seats.[14] Following Aryeh Deri's conviction on corruption charges in 1999, Shas gained 17 seats in the 1999 elections, its strongest showing since its formation. Although 26 seats were projected for the following election had it run in 2001, Shas was reduced to 11 seats in the 2003 election because the two-ballot system was amended.[citation needed]

In the 2006 elections, it gained one more seat, after running what the BBC called "an aggressive campaign that targeted the neo-conservative economic policies of the previous government",[21] and joined Ehud Olmert's coalition government, alongside Kadima, Labor, Gil and, between October 2006 and January 2008, Yisrael Beiteinu. In the government, Shas party leader Yishai was Minister of Industry, Trade and Labor and Deputy Prime Minister, while Ariel Atias was Minister of Communications and Meshulam Nahari and Yitzhak Cohen were Ministers without Portfolio.[citation needed]

Following the 2009 elections, in which Shas won eleven seats, it joined Benjamin Netanyahu's coalition government and held four cabinet posts. Eli Yishai, who led the party at that time, was one of four Deputy Prime Ministers and Minister of Internal Affairs.[citation needed]

On 4 December 2011, Shas launched its United States affiliate, American Friends of Shas, based in Brooklyn, New York.[18]

Shas won 11 seats in the 2013 elections,[22] but chose to form part of the Labor opposition to Netanyahu's new government. Yair Lapid of the Yesh Atid party and Naftali Bennett of The Jewish Home, who had won more seats and joined the coalition, both favored conscription of the previously exempt Haredi men into Israel's national service and a reduction in state financial support for Haredi families, policies Shas opposes.[citation needed]

In December 2014, Eli Yishai left the Shas party, which he had led for more than a decade. He said he would lead a new religious party in the election scheduled for March 2015. His departure from Shas and Aryeh Deri did not come as a surprise.[23] The party that he formed, Yachad, failed to pass the election threshold.[24]

In the 2015 elections, Shas was accused of tampering with the ballots of Yachad.[25] They were also accused of creating a straw party with the symbols of Otzma Yehudit, which was running on a joint list with Yachad during the election.[26] During the 2015 election, Shas won 7 seats.[27]

In 2017, opinion polling showed that Shas was falling under the election threshold of 3.25%.[28] In response, Shas leaders said that there was a coup attempt in the party.[29] In the same year, a tape was leaked of the party's former spiritual leader, criticizing Jerusalem Chief Rabbi Shlomo Amar.[30]

On 17 April 2020, a senior Likud minister, speaking on anonymity, told Al-Monitor that Deri was mediating the political coalition talks between Netanyahu and Blue and White leader Benny Gantz. It was also reported that Deri "might even be open to a new alliance with Blue and White – now that its anti-clerical component, Yair Lapid, quit the party and went his own way", and would only commit to remaining with Netanyahu's coalition until the next election.[31]

## Ideology

[edit]

This article is part of a series on

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The stated purpose of the party is to "return the crown to the former glory", meaning to protect the religious and cultural heritage of Sephardic Jewry and rectify what it sees as the "continued economic and social discrimination against the Sephardic population of Israel".[32] Focusing on the needs of Sephardic Orthodox Israelis, Shas established its own government-funded religious education system called MaAyan HaHinuch HaTorani, which became popular in poor Sephardic towns, increasing the party's popular support.[18]

Shas advocates for the increased influence of Halakha, the Jewish religious law, in Israeli society, and actively engages in the Baal teshuva movement, encouraging non-Orthodox Israelis of Sephardic and Mizrahi-Jewish heritage to adopt an Orthodox Jewish lifestyle. Shas is a Haredi religious party, but it has participated in left-wing governments and is often willing to compromise on both religious and economic issues.[9]

At first, Shas followed a moderate policy on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, after Yosef had declared that lives were more important than territories,[14] but by the 2010s it had moved to the right, opposing any freeze in Israeli settlement activity in the West Bank.[18] In addition, it was skeptical towards the U.S. Obama Administration's intentions regarding the Israeli–Palestinian peace process and began to support a consolidation of Israeli settlement interests, especially regarding yeshivas and Jewish holy sites in the West Bank. It further believes in a "United Jerusalem" and supports the Greater Jerusalem plan.[clarification needed] In 2010, Shas joined the World Zionist Organization, having made significant changes to its charter.[33]

One of Shas's demands is a compensation package for Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews who were forced to flee their home countries and leave their property behind.[citation needed]

Shas opposes any form of public expression of homosexuality, including Gay Pride parades, especially in Jerusalem. Shas MK Nissim Ze'ev accused the homosexual community of "carrying out the self-destruction of Israeli society and the Jewish people", calling homosexuals "a plague as toxic as bird flu".[34] However, the party condemns any form of violence against gay people.[35]

## Controversies

[edit]

Ovadiah Yosef, long-time spiritual leader of Shas

Several Shas MKs, including Aryeh Deri, Rafael Pinhasi, Yair Levy, Ofer Hugi and Yair Peretz, have been convicted of criminal offenses that include fraud and forgery. In addition, MK Shlomo Benizri was convicted of bribery, conspiring to commit a crime and obstruction of justice on 1 April 2008.[36] Benizri resigned was replaced by Mazor Bahaina, who was number thirteen on the Shas list. In 1999, Deri was sentenced to prison time on corruption charges.[citation needed]

In 2010, Ovadia Yosef cursed the Palestinians as "evil, bitter enemies of Israel" and said that, "Abu Mazen and all these evil people should perish from this world. God should strike them with a plague." Saeb Erekat of the PLO said Yosef's remarks were tantamount to a call for "genocide against Palestinians". Yosef later apologized and wrote to Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak: "I support your efforts and praise all the leaders and the peoples — Egyptians, Jordanians and Palestinians — who are partners and wish the success of this important process of achieving peace in our region, and preventing bloodshed. May God grant you longevity and may you succeed in your efforts for peace and may there be peace in our region."[37] Previously, Yosef had called Arabs "vipers" and called for Israel to "annihilate" them.[38] "It is forbidden to be merciful to them. You must send missiles to them and annihilate them. They are evil and damnable."[39] A spokesman later clarified that his comments were only aimed at murderers and terrorists and not the entire Arab world.[38]

In 2020, the party was fined ₪7,500 by the Central Elections Committee for handing out prayer cards at polling stations during the 2020 Knesset elections, which were claimed to cure "Corona and every illness and pestilence".[40]

## Women's campaign

[edit]

Women activists protested the lack of female representation in Shas by organizing a "No Female Candidate, No Female Vote" campaign. The women said they would not vote for a party that does not include women candidates on its slate and sent an open letter to the Knesset representatives of ultra-Orthodox parties, which was also circulated on social media. Rabbi Mordechai Blau, a senior party member, threatened that women participating in the movement or bucking the party leadership would find their children "banned from Haredi schools" and their employers "boycotted by the community".[41] Shas announced that it would create a women's council within the movement, a step that was welcomed by the campaigners. At the same time, they said: "We will move forward and call on the Haredi factions to enable women to serve as MKs in the Knesset."[42] Eli Yishai said on Israel Radio: "There is nothing in Jewish law that says you can't have a woman as a Knesset member. But our rabbis decide what they decide on every subject and the same goes for this."[43]

When a group of ultra-Orthodox women created their own party, U'Bizchutan, Isaac Bezalel, the Shas spokesman, said: "The Haredi public is not yet open to women serving in the Knesset."[44]

## Knesset members

[edit]

Shas party ballot 2009

Eleven men serve as members of the Knesset for Shas in the twenty-fifth Knesset:

1. Aryeh Deri
2. Ya'akov Margi
3. Yoav Ben-Tzur
4. Michael Malchieli
5. Haim Biton
6. Moshe Arbel
7. Yinon Azulai
8. Moshe Abutbul
9. Uriel Buso
10. Yosef Taieb
11. Yonatan Mishraki

## Party leaders

[edit]

Leader  | Took office  | Left office  | Spiritual Leader  | Took office  | Left office

|
|
|
|
|

1 |  | Nissim Ze'ev | 1982  | 1984  |  | Ovadia Yosef | 1982  | 2013
2 |  | Yitzhak Peretz | 1984  | 1990
3 |  | Aryeh Deri | 1990  | 1999
4 |  | Eli Yishai | 1999  | 2012
5 |
| Triumvirate[a] | 2012  | 2013
(3) |  | Aryeh Deri | 2013  | Incumbent  |  | Shalom Cohen | 2013  | 2022

1. ^ Aryeh Deri, Eli Yishai and Ariel Atias

## Election results

[edit]

Election  | Leader  | Votes  | %  | Seats  | +/–  | Status

|
|
|
|
|
|

1984 | Yitzhak Haim Peretz | 63,605  | 3.07  |

4 / 120

|  | Coalition
1988 | 107,709  | 4.72  |

6 / 120

|  2  | Coalition
1992 | Aryeh Deri | 129,347  | 4.94  |

6 / 120

|  | Coalition (1992–1993)
Opposition (1993–1996)
1996 | 259,796  | 8.51  |

10 / 120

|  4  | Coalition
1999 | 430,676  | 13.01  |

17 / 120

|  7  | Coalition
2003 | Eli Yishai | 258,879  | 8.22  |

11 / 120

|  6  | Opposition
2006 | 299,054  | 9.53  |

12 / 120

|  1  | Coalition
2009 | 286,300  | 8.49  |

11 / 120

|  1  | Coalition
2013 | 331,868  | 8.75  |

11 / 120

|  | Opposition
2015 | Aryeh Deri | 241,613  | 5.73  |

7 / 120

|  4  | Coalition
Apr 2019 | 258,275  | 5.99  |

8 / 120

|  1  | Caretaker
Sep 2019 | 329,834  | 7.44  |

9 / 120

|  1  | Caretaker
2020 | 352,842  | 7.69  |

9 / 120

|  | Coalition
2021 | 316,008  | 7.17  |

9 / 120

|  | Opposition
2022 | 392,644  | 8.24  |

11 / 120

|  2  | Coalition

## References

[edit]

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2. ^ Langford, Barry (2017). The Progressive Alliance and the 2017 General Election: All Together Now. Biteback Publishing. "the socially conservative Shas"
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4. ^ Dani Filc (2010). The Political Right in Israel: Different Faces of Jewish Populism. Routledge Studies on the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Routledge. p. 79\. ISBN 978-0415488303.
5. ^ "ש"ס: הרשימה המלאה של המפלגה בדרך לבחירות 2021". Maariv. 31 January 2021. "ש"ס באופן מסורתי מציגה עצמה כמפלגה סוציאל-דמוקרטית, הפועלת לסיוע לחלשים והנזקיים."
6. ^ "סוציאליזם חרדי". Ne'emanei Torah Va'Avodah. "המצעים והקמפיינים של ש"ס ושל יהדות התורה בבחירות האחרונות היו הכי סוציאל-דמוקרטיים מבין כל המפלגות היהודיות שהתמודדו לכנסת. חברי הכנסת גפני, ליצמן, מרגי ואחרים משתפים פעולה יום יום עם חברי הכנסת הסוציאל-דמוקרטים המובהקים ביותר במשכן; גפני אף נחשב במשך שנים לסמן השמאלי בוועדת הכספים, ולמי שעצר – לעתים בגופו – מהלכים ניאו-ליברליים של נתניהו."
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8. ^ Ishaan Tharoor (14 March 2015). "A guide to the political parties battling for Israel's future". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
9. ^ a b "Parties Guide". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 25 December 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
10. ^ "Shas". Israel Policy Forum. Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
11. ^ "התאחדות הספרדים שומרי תורה תנועתו של מרן הרב עובדיה יוסף זצ"ל". Central Election Committee for the Knesset (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
12. ^ "Shas". Encyclopædia Britannica 2011. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
13. ^ Neuberger, Benyamin (29 September 2023). "The Haredim in Israeli Politics". In Caplan, Kimmy; Leon, Nissim (eds.). Contemporary Israeli Haredi Society: Profiles, Trends, and Challenges. Routledge Jewish Studies Series. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000877571. Retrieved 27 May 2025. "Shas is subordinate to the authority of the Council of Torah Sages, but its ultimate adjudicators between 1984-1988 were Rabbis Yosef and Shach, and from 1988, Yosef alone [...].For many years, from the founding of Shas and until his death, Rabbi Yosef was president of its Council of Torah Sages. He also determined the composition of rabbis who served on this Council."
14. ^ a b c d Berenbaum, Michael; Skolnik, Fred, eds. (2007). "Shas". Encyclopaedia Judaica. Vol. 18 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 419–420\. ISBN 978-0-02-866097-4.
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16. ^ Stanislawski, Michael (2017). Zionism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-976604-8. Archived from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
17. ^ "הצטרפו ליום השני של הגשת הרשימות לכנסת ה - 24". Central Elections Committee. 4 February 2021. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
18. ^ a b c d Guttman, Nathan (20 December 2011). "Shas Sets Up Shop in U.S." The Jewish Daily Forward. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
19. ^ Alfassi, Itzhak (2007). "Yosef, Ovadiah". In Berenbaum, Michael; Skolnik, Fred (eds.). Encyclopaedia Judaica. Vol. 21 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. p. 399\. ISBN 978-0-02-866097-4.
20. ^ "Israel's influential Rabbi Ovadia Yosef dead at 93". Ma'an News Agency. AFP. 7 October 2013. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
21. ^ "Israeli political parties". BBC News. 5 April 2006. Archived from the original on 22 June 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
22. ^ Sales, Ben (5 March 2013). "With time running out to form a government, Netanyahu was facing tough choices". JTA. Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
23. ^ Yair Ettinger (15 December 2014). "Eli Yishai breaks away from Shas, announces new party". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
24. ^ "Votes 20". Archived from the original on 18 March 2015.
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27. ^ "2015 Elections". Jewish Virtual Library. Archived from the original on 24 November 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
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29. ^ "Deri: Coup attempt in Shas". Israel National News. November 2017. Archived from the original on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
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31. ^ Mualem, Mazal (17 April 2020). "Netanyahu's right-wing bloc starts cracking". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
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34. ^ Ilan, Shahar (29 January 2008). "Shas MK: Gays are causing Israeli society to self-destruct". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
35. ^ Meranda, Amnon (2 August 2009). "Shas condemns attack on gay center". Ynet News. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
36. ^ Ofra Edelman (1 April 2008). "Benizri: I've been persecuted for 8 years for no fault of my own". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
37. ^ Ettinger, Yair (16 September 2010). "Ovadia Yosef atones to Mubarak after declaring Palestinians should die". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
38. ^ a b "Rabbi calls for annihilation of Arabs". BBC News. 10 April 2001. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
39. ^ "Shas spiritual leader: Abbas and Palestinians should perish". Haaretz. 29 August 2010. Archived from the original on 29 December 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
40. ^ "Shas party slapped with fine for anti-virus charms". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 6 March 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
41. ^ Sommer, Allison Kaplan (8 December 2014). "Threats and backlash for ultra-Orthodox women seeking political voice". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
42. ^ Nachshoni, Kobi (14 December 2014). "Ovadia Yosef's daughter: Shas is my home, I won't run for Knesset". Ynetnews. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
43. ^ "Haredi women fight for bigger role in politics". Ynetnews. Associated Press. 26 December 2014. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
44. ^ Michele Chabin (28 February 2015). "Israel's ultra-Orthodox Haredi women form political party". USA Today. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2021.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website (in Hebrew)
* Shas Knesset website

* v
* t
* e

Political parties in Israel

Parliamentary|

* Likud
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* Ahdut HaAvoda
* Ahva
* Arab List for Bedouin and Villagers
* Atid
* Black Panthers
* Center Party
* Cooperation and Brotherhood
* Cooperation and Development
* Da
* Democratic Choice
* Democratic List for Israeli Arabs
* Democratic List of Nazareth
* Democratic Movement
* Democratic Movement for Change
* Democratic Union
* Development and Peace
* Dor
* Eretz Yisrael Shelanu
* Faction independent of Ahdut HaAvoda
* Fighters' List
* Free Centre
* Gahal
* General Zionists
* Gesher (1996)
* Gesher – Zionist Religious Centre
* Gesher (2019)
* Geulat Yisrael
* HaOlim
* Hapoel HaMizrachi
* Hatikva
* Hatnua
* HaTzeirim
* Hatzohar
* Hebrew Communists
* Herut
* Herut – The National Movement
* Hetz
* Independence
* Independent Centre
* Independent Liberals
* Independent Socialist Faction
* Israeli Communist Opposition
* Israeli Druze Faction
* Jewish–Arab Brotherhood
* The Jewish Home
* Jewish National Front
* Justice for the Elderly
* Kach
* Kadima
* Kulanu
* Labor
* La'am
* Leader
* Left Camp of Israel
* Left Faction
* Lev
* Liberal Party
* Maki
* Man's Rights in the Family Party
* Mapai
* Mapam
* Meimad
* Mekhora
* Meretz
* Meri
* Mizrachi
* Moked
* Moledet
* Morasha
* Moria
* Movement for Greater Israel
* Movement for the Renewal of Social Zionism
* National Home
* National List
* National Religious Party
* Natural Law Party
* New Aliyah Party
* New Liberal Party
* New Way
* Noy
* Ometz
* One Israel
* One Nation
* Oz LaAniyim
* Poalei Agudat Yisrael
* Popular Arab Bloc
* Progress and Development
* Progress and Work
* Progressive List for Peace
* Progressive National Alliance
* Progressive Party
* Rafi
* Ratz
* Religious Zionist Party
* The Right Way
* Sephardim and Oriental Communities
* Shinui
* Shlomtzion
* Social Justice
* Tafnit
* Tami
* Tehiya
* Telem
* Third Way
* Tzalash
* Union of Right-Wing Parties
* United Arab List
* United Religious Front
* Unity for Peace and Immigration
* Unity Party
* Women's International Zionist Organization
* Women's Party
* Ya'ad – Civil Rights Movement
* Ya'ad
* Yahad
* Yamin Yisrael
* Yemenite Association
* Yisrael BaAliyah
* Yisrael HaMithadeshet
* Yiud

* List of political parties in Israel
* List of minor political parties in Israel

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Orthodox Judaism

Branches|

* Haredi
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* Open

People|

* Orthodox Jews
* Rabbis
* Hasidic dynasties

Education|

* Torah study
* Shiur
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* Chinuch Atzmai
* Orthodox Jewish outreach

Politics|

* Shas
* United Torah Judaism (UTJ)
* Agudat Yisrael
* Degel HaTorah
* National Union (NU)
* The Jewish Home
* Noam (political party)
* Jerusalem Faction
* Sikrikim

Rabbinates|

* Rabbanut
* Edah HaChareidis
* Central Rabbinical Congress
* Iggud HaRabbonim
* Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah
* Moetzet Chachmei HaTorah
* Rabbinical Council of America (RCA)
* Agudas HaRabbonim
* United Synagogue
* Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations (UOHC)
* International Rabbinic Fellowship (IRF)

Organizations|

* Agudath Israel of America
* Dirshu
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* Orthodox Union
* World Agudath Israel
* Young Israel

Laws|

* Shulchan Aruch
* Mishnah Berurah
* Halakha
* Responsa

Philosophies|

* Orthodox feminism
* Torah Judaism
* Hasidism
* Religious Zionism
* Torah im Derech Eretz
* Torah Umadda
* Rabbinic authority / Da'as Torah
* Anarchism

Category

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Mizrahi Jews topics

By nationality|

* Afghanistan
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* Georgia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Jordan
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* Oman
* Pakistan
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* Sudan
* Syria
* Turkey
* U.A.E.

History|

* Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries
* History of the Jews under Muslim rule
* Palestinian Jews
* Antisemitism in Islam
* Antisemitism in the Arab world

By community|

* Jews in Arabia
* Musta'arabi Jews
* Syrian Jews
* Jewish tribes of Arabia
* Babylonian Jews
* Assyrian Jews
* Baghdadi Jews
* Kurdish Jews
* Bukharan Jews
* Georgian Jews
* Iranian Jews
* Mountain Jews
* North African Jews
* Alexandrian Jews
* Maghrebi Jews
* Sephardic Jews
* Yemenite Jews
* Adeni Jews
* Habbani Jews
* Hadhrami Jews

Languages|

* Israeli Hebrew
* Hebrew
* Judeo-Arabic
* Judeo-Aramaic
* Judeo-Persian
* Juhuri/Judeo-Tat
* Bukharian (Judeo-Persian dialect)
* Judaeo-Spanish
* Ladino
* Solitreo

Religion and culture|

* Moetzet Chachmei HaTorah
* Ovadia Yosef
* Sephardic law and customs
* Mizrahi music
* Mimouna
* Henna

Politics|

* Black Panthers
* Tami
* Shas

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Norway
* Israel

Other|

* Yale LUX

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