Siege of Kandahar (1605–1606)

Battle of 1605–1606 between Safavid and Mughal

Siege of Kandahar (1605–1606)

Part of Mughal-Persian Wars
| Date| November 1605 - January 1606

|

Location|

Kandahar

Result|  Mughal victory
Territorial
changes|  Kandahar remains in the Mughal Empire
Belligerents
Safavid Empire|  Mughal Empire
Commanders and leaders
Abbas the Great
Husayn Khan|  Jahangir
Šāh Beg Khan

The siege of Kandahar lasted from November 1605 to January 1606 and was led by the Persians to capture the Mughal frontier city of Kandahar.[1] After two months of constant assaults, the relief army forced the Persians to retreat. Thus, resulted in a decisive victory for the Mughal Empire.

## Background

[edit]

The Mughals had obtained the city of Kandahar in 1595, after the Mughal army advanced to the city's governor, Moẓaffar-Ḥosayn Mirzā, and negotiated with him a surrender.[2] The Safavid ruler, Shah Abbas, was shocked by the loss of the important fortress but as main Iranian concerns lay with the equally powerful Ottomans at their westernmost territories, he abstained from military action, preferring to negotiate a settlement.

## Battle

[edit]

When Emperor Akbar died on October 27, 1605, the Safavid governor of Herat, Hosayn Khan, moved to recapture the city on behalf of the Safavids by the order of Shah Abbas while the Indians were distracted with other matters.[2] The city, defended by governor Šāh Beg Khan, held out against the Safavid siege until the next year when the new emperor, Jahangir, sent an army that lifted the siege.[3]

## Aftermath

[edit]

Kandahar was surrendered to the Mughals.[4][5] Abbas repudiated Hosayn's actions in a letter to Jahangir, and both sides reestablished normal relations,[2] though Kandahar would remain a controversial affair between both parties.[2]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Spencer C. Tucker (2019). Middle East Conflicts from Ancient Egypt to the 21st Century. An Encyclopedia and Document Collection [4 Volumes] · Volume. p. 847\. ISBN 978-1-4408-5353-1. "A series of conflicts between the Safavid and Mughal Empires fought over possession of the strategic city-fortress of Kandahar in Afghanistan. In 1595 two Safavid princes defected to the Mughal court, surrendering the fortress to Emperor Akbar (1542-1605)."
2. ^ a b c d Iranica 2011
3. ^ chopra, Pran nath (January 2003). Medieval History of India. Sterling Publishers Pvt. ISBN 9781932705546. Retrieved 4 April 2003.
4. ^ Andrea, Alfred J. (January 2011). World history encyclopaedia . Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-1-85109-930-6. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
5. ^ Mikaberidze ·, By Alexander · (January 2011). Conquest in the Islamic world . Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 9781932705546. Retrieved 4 April 2011.

## Sources

[edit]

* "KANDAHAR iv. From The Mongol Invasion Through the Safavid Era". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 13 October 2011.

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Mughal Empire

Emperors|

* Babur
* Humayun
* Akbar
* Jahangir
* Shahryar
* Shah Jahan
* Aurangzeb (Alamgir I)
* Muhammad Azam Shah
* Bahadur Shah I
* Jahandar Shah
* Farrukhsiyar
* Rafi ud-Darajat
* Shah Jahan II
* Muhammad Shah
* Ahmad Shah Bahadur
* Alamgir II
* Shah Jahan III
* Shah Alam II
* Shah Jahan IV
* Akbar II
* Bahadur Shah II

Administration|

* Dynasty
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| Provinces|

* Agra
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* Lahore
* Malwa
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|

Conflicts|

* Mughal-Rajput wars
* Mughal conquest of Malwa
* Gujarat conquest
* Mughal–Safavid war (1622–1623)
* Mughal–Safavid war (1649–1653)
* Suppression of Tilpat rebellion
* Ahom–Mughal conflicts
* Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war
* Mughal–Maratha wars
* Child's war
* Carnatic wars
* Bengal war
* Indian Rebellion of 1857
* Mughal–Portuguese conflicts

| Battles|

* Agra
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* Haldighati
* Karnal
* Khajwa
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* Panipat (1556)
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* Plassey
* Raj Mahal
* Samugarh
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* Thanesar (1567)
* Thanesar (1710)
* Tukaroi
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|

Sieges|

* Bijapur
* Chittorgarh
* Delhi
* Daman
* Daulatabad
* Golconda
* Hooghly
* Jinji
* Kandahar
* Mankot
* Purandhar
* Ranthambore
* Sambhal

Adversaries|

* Baro-Bhuyan
* Isa Khan
* Khwaja Usman
* Bayazid of Sylhet
* Musa Khan
* Pratapaditya
* Ibrahim Lodi
* Rana Sanga
* Sher Shah Suri
* Hemu
* Maharana Pratap
* Malik Ambar
* Gokula
* Shivaji
* Lachit Borphukan
* Khushal Khattak
* Josiah Child
* Guru Gobind Singh
* Henry Every
* Bajirao I
* Nader Shah
* Hector Munro

Architecture|

| Forts and palaces|

* Agra Fort
* Lahore Fort
* Lalbagh Fort
* Red Fort
* Jahangir Mahal
* Sheesh Mahal

|

Mosques|

* Alamgir Mosque, Aurangabad
* Jama Masjid (Delhi)
* Chawk Mosque
* Badshahi Mosque
* Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta
* Sunehri Masjid
* Wazir Khan Mosque

Tombs and mausoleums|

* Akbar's Tomb
* Bibi Ka Maqbara
* Gardens of Babur
* Humayun's Tomb
* Jahangir's Tomb
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* Tomb of Salim Chishti
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* List of tombs of Mughal Empire

Others|

* Fatehpur Sikri
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* more

See also|

* Art
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* Gardens
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* Painting
* Persian Mughals
* Tribe
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* Foreign relations

Successor states|

* Sur Empire (interrupted)
* Maratha Empire
* Rajput states
* Jats
* Sikh Empire
* Nawabs of Bengal
* Nawabs of Awadh
* Nizam of Hyderabad
* Carnatic
* Kingdom of Mysore
* Rohilkhand

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