Siege of Maastricht (1793)

Siege of the War of the First Coalition

For other uses, see Siege of Maastricht (disambiguation).

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Siege of Maastricht (1793)

Part of the Flanders campaign in the War of the First Coalition

Bombing of Maastricht, 1793
| Date| March 2, 1793

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Location|

Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands

50°51′9″N 5°40′38″E﻿ / ﻿50.85250°N 5.67722°E﻿ / 50.85250; 5.67722
Result|  Coalition Victory
Belligerents
France|

Dutch Republic

* Armée des Émigrés

Austria
Prussia
Commanders and leaders
Francisco de Miranda|  Prince Frederick
Jean Thérèse [de; fr; pl; ru]
Prince Josias
Strength
15,000|  4,500
1,200
50,000
20,000
Casualties and losses
Unknown|  Unknown

class=notpageimage|

Location within Netherlands

Show map of Netherlands

Siege of Maastricht (1793) (Europe)

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War of the First Coalition (List)

* Porrentruy
* Quiévrain
* Marquain
* Verdun
* Thionville
* Valmy
* Lille
* Mainz
* Jemappes
* Sardinia
* Méribel
* Martinique
* Guadeloupe
* Den Helder
* Siegburg
* Altenkirchen
* Wetzlar
* Kircheib
* 1st Kehl
* Malsch
* Neresheim
* Amberg
* Newfoundland
* Würzburg
* Limburg
* 2nd Kehl
* Biberach
* Ireland
* Fishguard
* Neuwied
* Diersheim

* * *

* Flanders campaign
* Chouannerie
* Mediterranean campaign
* War in the Vendée
* War of the Pyrenees
* Italian campaigns
* East Indies Theatre
* Rhine campaign of 1793–94
* Atlantic campaign
* Rhine campaign of 1795
* Rhine campaign of 1796
* Italian campaign of 1796-1797
* Anglo-Spanish War

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Flanders campaign

* Jemappes
* 1st Limburg
* Anderlecht
* Namur
* 1st Maastricht
* Breda
* 1st Aldenhoven
* Neerwinden
* 1st Condé
* Raismes
* Famars
* 1st Valenciennes
* Caesar's Camp
* Lincelles
* Dunkirk
* 1st Le Quesnoy
* Hondschoote
* Avesnes-le-Sec
* Menin
* 1st Courtrai
* Maubeuge
* Wattignies
* Cysoing (1793)
* Marchiennes (1793)
* Le Cateau
* Battle of Vaux (1794)
* 1st Landrecies
* Villers-en-Cauchies
* Beaumont
* Mouscron
* Willems
* 2nd Courtrai
* Grandreng
* Tourcoing
* Tournay
* Erquelinnes
* Gosselies
* Ypres
* Lambusart
* Fleurus
* 2nd Landrecies [fr]
* 2nd Le Quesnoy [fr]
* 2nd Valenciennes [fr]
* 2nd Condé [fr]
* Boxtel
* Sprimont
* 2nd Maastricht
* 2nd Aldenhoven
* Puiflijk
* Nijmegen
* Luxembourg
* Geldermalsen
* Amsterdam
* Den Helder

The siege of Maastricht was a failed siege of the city of Maastricht by the forces of the French First Republic from 6 February to 2 March 1793, marking the final action of the 1793 campaign of the War of the First Coalition. The city was successfully defended by the Dutch garrison with the assistance of a small band of French Royalists.

## Course

[edit]

On 29 November 1792, John Skey Eustace sent a letter to the commander of Maastricht, Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel, demanding the surrender of French emigrants who had taken refuge in this Dutch city. Then he personally visited Maastricht, where he dined with the German commander in Austrian service, as a result of which he was removed from command on 13 December and a few days later succeeded by Francisco de Miranda.

It was the last of several French Republican sieges during 1792–1793. Inspired by military successes in the Austrian Netherlands, the French First Republic declared war on the Dutch Republic and England on 1 February 1793. General Charles-François Dumouriez invaded the Dutch Republic from the south-west, aiming for Breda, while Miranda advanced along the river Meuse towards the heavily-fortified city of Maastricht. Miranda hoped to take the city in a few days with only 15,000 men and invested it from the Wyck suburb side. The Dutch garrison of 4,500 men were led by the governor of Maastricht, Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel. They were assisted by around 1200 French Royalist of the Armée des Émigrés, including 300 officers, under the command of Jean Thérèse de Beaumont d'Autichamp [de; fr; pl; ru], a former cavalry general of the French royal army.

On 6 February, De Miranda completed the circumvallation of Maastricht and Wyck. Sapping took around two weeks, after which the city was heavily bombed for ten days. More than 800 buildings were destroyed.

Jean-Marat accused Eustace and Miranda of the failure of the Siege of Maastricht,[1] and Dumouriez planned to send him to Paris to explain his behavior before the Convention Nationale. However, Eustace ignored the order and, claiming to be dangerously ill, retired to the Tongerlo Abbey, where he successfully resisted an attempt to question and arrest him.

After the Austrian victory at the nearby Battle of Aldenhoven on 1 March, the French Republican lines were themselves besieged by 50,000 Austrians and 20,000 Prussians, led by Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. Miranda ordered a retreat on 2 March, described by some as a "flight".

On 4 September, the Prince of Coburg held a triumphal entrance in the city, followed by a Te Deum in the Church of Saint Servatius. A year and a half later, Jean-Baptiste Kléber was more successful. He conquered the city in 45 days, after which Maastricht was part of France for twenty years.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Letters on the Emancipation & Preservation of the United Provinces by J.S. Eustace, p. 111

## Sources

[edit]

* Jaspar, E., Kint geer eur eige stad?, pages 96-98. Maastricht, 1968
* Rickard, J., Siege of Maastricht, 23 February-3 March 1793, 2009

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