Siege of Rogatica (1941)

Battle in WWII

This article is about the 1941 siege of the town. For the 1942 siege, see Operation Trio.

Siege of Rogatica

Part of World War II in Yugoslavia
| Date| 13 – 24 October 1941

|

Location|

Rogatica, Independent State of Croatia (modern-day Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina)

43°48′N 19°00′E﻿ / ﻿43.8°N 19°E﻿ / 43.8; 19
Result|

Chetnik-Partisan victory

* Chetniks and Partisans captured Rogatica

Belligerents

Allies:

* Chetniks

* * *

* Yugoslav Partisans

Axis:

* Independent State of Croatia

Commanders and leaders

Chetniks:

* Boško Todorović
* Žarko Mitrović
* Radivoje Kosorić

Partisans:

* Slobodan Princip Seljo
* Slaviša Vajner Čiča

Garrison in Rogatica:

* Marko Vrkljan

Relief forces from Sarajevo:

* Slavko Kvaternik
* Vladimir Laxa

Units involved
Chetniks
Battalion
Company
Partisans
1st Romanija company
Sočić company
Gučeska company
Seljanska company
Rogatica battalion|

Garrison in Rogatica:

* Croatian Home Guard
* 2nd battalion of Vojna Krajina (Vojkra)
* Ustaše

* * *

Relief forces from Sarajevo:

* 6 battalions

Casualties and losses
More than 15+ killed
90 wounded[1]|  > 2   /
A number of Muslim and Serb civilians

Rogatica

class=notpageimage|

Location of Rogatica in the eastern NDH

* v
* t
* e

World War II in Yugoslavia

1941

* Axis invasion
* Bombing of Belgrade
* Bombing of Sarajevo

Uprisings

* Uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina

*     * Sanski Most
* Eastern Herzegovina
* Drvar uprising
* Rogatica
* Olovo

* Uprising in Croatia

*     * Srb uprising

* Uprising in Serbia

*     * Bela Crkva
* Loznica
* Banja Koviljača
* Šabac
* Kruševac
* Mačva
* Uzice
* Kraljevo
* Trešnjica
* Novi Pazar
* Mihailovic
* Sjenica

* Uprising in Montenegro

*     * Bullseye
* Pljevlja

1942

* Dražgoše
* Southeast Croatia
* Hydra
* Prijedor
* Nanos
* Trio
* Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines
* Montenegro
* Kozara
* Partisan Long March
* Kupres
* Livno
* Alfa
* Kopaonik
* Bihać

1943

* Case White
* Greenwood–Rootham
* Otto
* Fungus
* Hoathley 1
* Case Black
* Typical
* Zvornik
* Davidson
* Grčarice
* Turjak Castle
* Maclean
* Višegrad
* Bombing of Podgorica
* Bombing of Zadar
* Delphin
* Rogers
* Kugelblitz
* Kočevje

1944

* Maibaum
* Bombing of Belgrade
* Raid on Mljet
* Raid on Šolta
* Dafoe
* Lindsay
* Rösselsprung
* Andrijevica
* Halyard
* Ožbalt
* Ratweek
* Serbia
* Belgrade
* Niš
* Stracin–Kumanovo
* Vukov Klanac
* Bregalnitsa–Strumica
* Albanian Offensive into Yugoslavia
* Kosovo
* Syrmian Front
* Floxo
* Niš airspace incident
* Batina
* Knin
* Desivojca

1945

* Trnovo
* Mostar
* Bombing of Zagreb
* Spring Awakening
* Transdanubian Hills
* Lika-Primorje
* Nagykanizsa-Körmend
* Sarajevo
* Lijevče Field
* Trieste
* Zelengora
* Poljana
* Odžak

* * *

* Axis occupation of Serbia
* Hungarian occupation
* Kosovo during World War II
* World War II in the Slovene Lands
* World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia
* Air warfare in Yugoslavia
* Allied bombing campaign

The siege of Rogatica was a joint attack of Partisan and Chetnik rebel forces on Rogatica, then held by the Independent State of Croatia (modern-day in Bosnia and Herzegovina). The siege continued between 13 and 24 October 1941.

## Background

[edit]

At the beginning of World War II in Yugoslavia, Rogatica and all of eastern Bosnia along with Sandžak in Serbia became part of the Independent State of Croatia. The military units of the Independent State of Croatia in eastern Bosnia consisted of regular units of the Croatian Home Guard and members of the local Muslim population who were recruited into units of Ustaše militia that distinguished itself in the persecution of Serbs from the beginning of the war.[2]

During the war, Rogatica was captured many times by different belligerents. The first capture by combined Chetnik-Partisan forces occurred on 6 September 1941.[3] The rebel forces that attacked Rogatica had around 400 men in total, consisting of 240 Partisans and 160 Chetnik forces commanded by Aćim Babić.[4] The rebels forced the town's garrison, consisting of the Croatian Home Guard, Ustaše and the local Muslim Militia, to flee toward Mesići.[4] That afternoon, Muslim Militia forces commanded by Zulfo Dumandžić recruited reinforcement in Višegrad and with support of Ustaše and Croatian Home Guard returned to recapture Rogatica, burning Zagorice along the way and massacring its population.[4] Approximately 100 civilians were killed during this assault.[5] Ustaše commander Marko Vrkljan began taking Serb men and women as hostages.[5] Some were immediately killed, while most survived until rebels captured the town in October 1941.[5]

One of the most important consequences of this first attack was additional fortification, both in the town and around it.[3] The main aim of the Chetnik-Partisan offensive on Rogatica, Knežina and Žepa in October 1941 was to connect rebel-controlled territories in eastern Bosnia and western Serbia.[6] Muslims from Rogatica were evacuated to Sarajevo following an order issued on 11 October.[7] In mid-October 1941, Rogatica was completely surrounded by Partisan and Chetnik forces, forcing its garrison to be supplied by aeroplanes that quickly became an easy target for the besieging forces.[3]

## Forces

[edit]

According to the plan for the capture of Rogatica, the Partisan-Chetnik forces were composed of the following units:[8]

* Partisan forces:
* 1st Romanija company — around 100 men and 1 Maxim gun
* Sočić company — around 120 men
* Gučeska company — more than 120 men
* Seljanska company — about 120 men
* Rogatica battalion — about 300 men
* Chetnik forces:
* Battalion commanded by Radivoje Kosorić
* Company commanded by Žarko Mitrović with about 150 men

The town's garrison consisted of 1,000 troops of Croatian Home Guard and Ustaše forces commanded by Vrkljan.[3] According to some sources their forces numbered 2,000.[9] The Croatian Home Guard units included 2nd battalion of Vojna Krajina (Vojkra).[10]

## Siege

[edit]

The rebels first cleansed surrounding villages from Ustaše Militia units and attacked the town on 13 October 1941.[10] The Chetnik company commanded by Žarko Mitrović was first to successfully break into the town, but they had to retreat after a counterattack, leaving 6 or 8 dead.[1] The next attack was commanded by Boško Todorović who collected volunteers from all attacking units to attack the garrison fortified in the local school, also without success.[1]

The relief forces consisting of six battalions of Croatian Home Guard, commanded by Croatian Minister of Armed Forces Slavko Kvaternik and General Vladimir Laxa, were sent from Sarajevo to release the besieged garrison and recapture Rogatica, also without success.[11] According to post-war communist sources, during the surrender negotiations, three aeroplanes attacked the besieging forces with bombs, but since they flew at very low height, two were shot down.[12]

Slobodan Princip

The Partisan and Chetnik forces captured Rogatica on 24 October 1941.[13] The final assault of Partisan forces was under direct command of member of Partisan HQ Slobodan Princip Seljo and detachment commanded by Slaviša Vajner Čiča when Partisans used Molotov cocktail to attack town's garrison.[14][3]

The official Croatian report says that units of Croatian Home Guard left the town at 3 am on 24 October.[5] According to Zafirovski, both Chetniks and Partisans participated in the battle, but Partisans finally captured the town.[5] During the siege of Rogatica Chetnik forces killed many Muslims. Chetniks from Rogatica, including those whose all family members were killed by Ustaše, were particularly cruel during massacres of Muslims.[15] The Partisan and Chetnik forces captured 1,000 rifles, 10 machine guns and other equipment from the captured town's garrison forces.[16]

## Aftermath

[edit]

The subsequent events are unclear. According to some sources, both Chetniks and Partisans executed the local Ustaše commander and continued to kill Muslims.[5]

The loss of Rogatica had important consequences for Ustaša forces in the remaining territory of eastern Bosnia. Their strategic positions were significantly weakened.[17] Muslim refugees from Rogatica fled to other eastern Herzegovinian towns. According to the testimony of captured member of Croatian Home Guard, Chetniks from Rogatica particularly distinguished themselves during massacres of Muslims in Višegrad, especially targeting Muslims from Rogatica.[15] By January 1942, Chetniks killed around 2,000 people from the Rogatica district.[18]

## See also

[edit]

* Safet Plakalo

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Mićanović 1971, p. 252.
2. ^ Зборник за историју Босне и Херцеговине. Академија. 1995. p. 254.
3. ^ a b c d e Muzej 1966, p. 371.
4. ^ a b c Branković 1966, p. 107.
5. ^ a b c d e f Dulić 2005, p. 194.
6. ^ Mićanović 1971, p. 250.
7. ^ Hamović 1994, p. 262.
8. ^ Mićanović 1971, p. 251.
9. ^ Mikeln, Miloš; Ravnikar, Tatjana; Sotošek, Brane (1981). Pekel 1941. Cankarjeva založba. p. 229.
10. ^ a b Terzić 1957, p. 139.
11. ^ Institut 1969, p. 242.
12. ^ Istorijski arhiv Komunističke partije Jugoslavije. 1949. p. 44.
13. ^ Sarajevo, Institut za istoriju radničkog pokreta (1969). Prilozi. p. 238.
14. ^ Istorijski glasnik: organ Društva istoričara SR Srbije. Društvo. 1971. p. 32.
15. ^ a b Hamović 1994, p. 83.
16. ^ Petovar & Trikić 1982, p. 51.
17. ^ ВМ 1962, p. 256.
18. ^ Čekić 1996, p. 22.

## Sources

[edit]

* Čekić, Smail (1996). Genocid nad Bošnjacima u Drugom svjetskom ratu: dokumenti [Genocide of Bosniaks in World War II: documents] (PDF). Udruženje Muslimana za antigenocidne aktivnosti. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 October 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
* Mićanović, Slavko (1971). Istočna Bosna u NOB-u 1941–1945: Sjećanja učesnika. Redaktori: Slavko Mićanović [i dr.]. Izbor fotografija: Nedžad Bise. Vojnoizdavački zavod.
* ВМ (1962). Vesnik. Belgrade (Serbia) Vojni muzej Jugoslovenske marodne armije.
* Hamović, Miloš (1994). Izbjeglištvo u Bosni i Hercegovini: 1941–1945. Filip Višnjić.
* Institut (1969). Prilozi. Institut za istoriju radničkog pokreta Sarajevo.
* Petovar, Rudi; Trikić, Savo (1982). Šesta proleterska istočno-bosanska brigada. Vojnoizdavački zavod.
* Muzej (1966). Prilozi za proučavanje istorije Sarajeva. Muzej grada Sarajeva.
* Branković, Mesud (1966). Rogatica. Svjetlost.
* Terzić, Velimir (1957). Oslobodilacki rat naroda Jugoslavije 1941–1945. Vojni istoriski Institut Jugoslovenske narodne armije.
* Dulić, Tomislav (2005). Utopias of Nation: Local Mass Killing in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1941–42. Uppsala Universitet. ISBN 978-91-554-6302-1.

## Further reading

[edit]

* dela, Croatia (Republic : 1941-1945). Ministarstvo inostranih (1942). Odmetnička zvjerstva i pustošenja u nezavisnoj državi hrvatskoj u prvim mjesecima života hrvatske narodne države (in Serbo-Croatian). Ministarstvo vanjskih poslova.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) – 1942 Report of Croatian Ministry
* Romac, Paško (1950). Borbe: bilješke i sjećanja iz narodnooslobodilačkog rata. Matica srpska. – Testimony of Paško Romić who participated in 1941 capture of Rogatica

* v
* t
* e

World War II in Yugoslavia

1941|

* Invasion of Yugoslavia
* Uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina
* May 1941 Sanski Most revolt
* June uprising in eastern Herzegovina
* Siege of Rogatica
* Olovo
* Uprising in Serbia
* Battle of Loznica
* Battle of Banja Koviljača
* Attack on Šabac
* Mačva operation
* Battle of Trešnjica
* Kruševac
* Kraljevo
* Operation Uzice
* Operation Mihailovic
* Novi Pazar
* Sjenica
* Uprising in Montenegro
* Battle of Pljevlja
* Uprising in Croatia
* Croatian Partisans
* Srb uprising
* Karadak-Gollak Uprising (1941–1951)

1942|

* Operations Southeast Croatia and Ozren
* Operation Trio
* Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines
* Kozara Offensive
* Operation Alfa
* Operation Kopaonik

1943|

* Case White
* Case Black
* Siege of Turjak
* Operation Kugelblitz
* Battle of Višegrad

1944|

* Operations Kugelblitz and Schneesturm
* Operation Rösselsprung
* Operation Rübezahl
* Belgrade offensive
* Operation Draufgänger
* Battle of Jelova Gora
* Kosovo Operation
* Battle of Knin
* Battle of Tuzla
* Battle of Batina

1945|

* Syrmian Front
* Mostar operation
* Sarajevo Operation
* Battle of Lijevče Field
* Battle of Zelengora
* Battle of Poljana
* Battle of Odžak

Croatia|

* Zagreb in World War II

Macedonia|

* World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia

Serbia|

* Kosovo during World War II

Slovenia|

* World War II in the Slovene Lands

Strategic bombing|

* Belgrade
* 1941
* 1944
* Podgorica
* Sarajevo
* Zadar
* Zagreb

see also

Factions in the Yugoslav Front
People of the Yugoslav Front

* v
* t
* e

Wars and battles involving Serbs

Medieval|

| Serbian–Bulgarian|

* Bulgar–Serb War (839–842)
* Bulgar–Serb War (853)
* Bulgarian–Serbian wars of 917–924
* Bulgarian–Serbian border revolt
* Bulgarian-Serb War (998)
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Serbian–Byzantine|

* Serb Uprising of 1038–1042
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Other|

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* Fall of Constantinople

Foreign rule|

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|

Ottomans|

* Long War (Ottoman wars) (1593–1606)
* Banat Uprising (1594)
* Serb Uprising of 1596–1597
* Battle of Mohács (1687)
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Venice|

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Russia|

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19th century|

| Serbian Revolution|

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* Kragujevac
* Jagodina
* Karanovac
* Batočina
* Užice
* Valjevo
* Batočina

|

Ottoman|

* Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1852–1853)
* Battle of Grahovac
* Battle of Kolašin
* Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1861–1862)
* Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)
* Battle of Vučji Do
* Battle of Fundina
* Battles for Plav and Gusinje
* Velika attacks
* Battle of Novšiće
* Battle of Murino

Other|

* Kumanovo uprising
* Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814
* Jančić's rebellion
* Priest Jovica's Rebellion
* Several battles of Hungarian Revolution of 1848
* Battle of Vršac (1849)
* Serbian-Turkish Wars (1876–1878)
* Battle of Vranje
* Siege of Cattaro
* Herzegovina uprising (1852–1862)
* Krivošije uprising (1869)
* Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
* AU-BiH War
* Battle of Jajce (1878)
* Battle of Vitez (1878)
* Battle of Sarajevo (1878)
* Serbo-Bulgarian War
* Battle of Pirot
* Battle of Slivnitsa

20th century|

| Macedonian Struggle|

* Fight on Šuplji Kamen
* Fight on Čelopek
* Fight in Tabanovce
* Fight in Velika Hoča
* Fight on Čelopek (1906)
* Battle of Pirot (1913)

|

Balkan Wars|

* First Balkan War
* Battle of Kumanovo
* Battle of Prilep
* Battle of Monastir
* Siege of Scutari
* Siege of Adrianople
* Siege of Odrin (1912–1913)
* Second Balkan War
* Battle of Bregalnica
* Battle of Kalimanci
* Battle of Knjaževac
* Siege of Vidin (1913)
* Ohrid–Debar uprising

World War I|

* Montenegrin campaign
* Battle of Mojkovac
* Battle of Lovćen
* Serbian campaign
* Battle of Cer
* Battle of the Crna Bend (1916)
* Battle of Bazargic
* Battle of Dobro Pole
* Battle of the Drina
* Battle of Florina
* Battle of Kaymakchalan
* Battle of Kolubara
* Kosovo offensive (1915)
* Liberation of Serbia, Albania and Montenegro (1918)
* Battle of Malka Nidzhe
* Macedonian front
* Monastir offensive
* Morava Offensive
* Ovče Pole Offensive
* Vardar offensive
* Srem Offensive
* Toplica Uprising

Interwar|

* Carinthia War
* Uprising in Drenica
* Christmas Uprising
* Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
* Albanian-Yugoslav Border War (1921)
* Drenica-Junik Uprising

World War II|

* Invasion of Yugoslavia
* Uprising in Serbia (1941)
* Uprising in Montenegro (1941)
* June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina
* Battle of Novi Pazar
* Battle of Pljevlja
* Battle of Kozara
* Battle of Loznica (1941)
* Battle of Livno
* Battle of Neretva
* Battle of the Sutjeska
* Raid on Drvar
* Battle of Knin
* Battle of Mostar
* Battle of Lijevče Field
* 1942 Montenegro offensive
* Bihać Operation
* Battle of Batina
* Belgrade Offensive
* Capture of Banja Koviljača
* Case Black
* Case White
* Operation Draufgänger
* Kozara Offensive
* Battle of Kupres (1942)
* Battle of Višegrad
* Mostar operation
* Nagykanizsa–Körmend Offensive
* Niš operation
* Battle of Odžak
* Capture of Olovo (1941)
* Operation Alfa
* Operation Delphin
* Operation Kopaonik
* Operation Kugelblitz
* Operation Mihailovic
* Operation Southeast Croatia
* Operation Trio
* Operation Uzice
* Battle of Poljana
* Operation Prijedor
* Siege of Rogatica (1941)
* Operation Rösselsprung (1944)
* Kosovo Operation (1944)
* Operation Spring Awakening
* Srb uprising
* Stratsin-Kumanovo operation
* Syrmian Front
* Battle of Zvornik
* Battle of Sarajevo (1945)
* Battle of Zelengora

Croatian War|

* Pakrac clash
* Plitvice Lakes incident
* Battle of Borovo Selo
* Operation Stinger
* 1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia
* Battle of Osijek
* Battle of Vukovar
* Battle of Gospić
* Battle of Šibenik
* Battle of Zadar
* Battle of Kusonje
* Battle of the Barracks
* Siege of Varaždin Barracks
* Siege of Bjelovar Barracks
* Battle of the Dalmatian Channels
* Siege of Dubrovnik
* Operation Otkos 10
* Operation Orkan 91
* Operation Whirlwind
* Operation Baranja
* Operation Jackal
* Battle of the Miljevci Plateau
* Operation Tiger
* Operation Maslenica
* Operation Medak Pocket
* Operation Winter '94
* Operation Flash
* Operation Summer '95
* Operation Storm

Bosnian War|

* Battle of Bosanski Brod
* Battle of Kupres
* Siege of Sarajevo
* Siege of Srebrenica
* Siege of Goražde
* Siege of Doboj
* Operation Jackal
* Siege of Bihać (1992–95)
* Operation Vrbas '92
* Operation Corridor 92
* Operation Bura
* Kravica attack
* Siege of Mostar
* Operation Irma
* Operation Bøllebank
* Operation Tiger
* Battle of Kupres
* Operation Amanda
* Operation Spider
* Operation Winter '94
* Battle of Vlašić
* Operation Leap 1
* Battle of Orašje
* Operation Leap 2
* Operation Summer '95
* Battle of Vrbanja Bridge
* Battle of Vozuća
* Operation Miracle
* Operation Mistral 2
* Operation Sana
* Operation Una
* Operation Southern Move
* NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina
* 1995 Pale air strikes
* Operation Deny Flight
* Operation Deliberate Force
* Operation Maritime Monitor

Kosovo War|

* Insurgency in Kosovo
* Albanian–Yugoslav border incident (December 1998)
* Albania–Yugoslav border incident (April 1999)
* April 23, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border ambush
* Attack on Orahovac
* Attack on Prekaz
* Battle of Lođa
* Battle of Oraovica
* Battle of Belaćevac Mine
* Battle of Podujevo
* December 14, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border ambush
* Battle of Glođane
* July 18, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border clashes
* Battle of Junik
* Battle of Košare
* Insurgency in the Preševo Valley
* Prizren incident (1999)
* NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
* Dubrava Prison bombings and executions
* 1999 F-117A shootdown

21st century|

| Peacekeeping|

* Central African Republic
* Cyprus
* DR Congo
* Ivory Coast
* Lebanon
* Liberia
* Mali
* Somalia

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