Siege of Temesvár (1552)

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1552 siege

For other sieges there, see Siege of Temesvár.

Siege of Temesvár

Part of the Ottoman–Habsburg War (1551–1562)

The siege in an Ottoman miniature
| Date| 24 June – 27 July 1552

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Location|

Temesvár, Kingdom of Hungary
(today Timișoara, Romania)

Result|  Ottoman victory
Belligerents
Ottoman Empire|  Hungarian, Czech, German and Spanish defenders
Commanders and leaders
Ahmed Pasha
Sokollu Mustafa beylerbey of Rumelia|  István Losonci
Strength
30,000|  1,900
Casualties and losses
Unknown|  Heavy

* v
* t
* e

Ottoman–Habsburg wars

Hungary and the Balkans

* Mohács (1526)
* Hungarian campaign (1527–28)
* Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War (1527–1593)
* Hungary (1529)
* Vienna (1529)
* Little Wars in Hungary
* (1529–1533) (1540–1547) (1551–1562) (1565–1568)
* Győr (1577)
* Bicske (1578)
* Long War (1593–1606)
* Bocskai uprising (1604–1606)
* Austro-Turkish War (1663–64)
* Great Turkish War (1683–1699)
* Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)
* Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739)
* Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)

Mediterranean

* Cephalonia (1500)
* Balearics (1501)
* 1st Algiers (1516)
* 1st Tlemcen (1518)
* 2nd Algiers (1519)
* 3rd Algiers (1529)
* Formentera (1529)
* Cherchell (1531)
* Coron (1533–1534)
* 1st Tunis (1534)
* 2nd Tunis (1535)
* Mahón (1535)
* 1st Apulia (1537)
* Preveza (1538)
* Castelnuovo (1539)
* Girolata (1540)
* Alborán (1540)
* 4th Algiers (1541)
* 2nd Tlemcen (1543)
* 1st Mostaganem (1543)
* Nice (1543)
* Lipari (1544)
* Naples (1544)
* 2st Mostaganem (1547)
* Cullera (1550)
* Mahdia (1550)
* 1st Gozo (1551)
* Tripoli (1551)
* Ponza (1552)
* Zuwarah (1552)
* Corsica (1553–1559)
* Viste (1554)
* Béjaïa (1555)
* Oran (1556)
* Balearics (1558)
* 3rd Mostaganem (1558)
* Djerba (1560)
* Lipari (1561)
* Orán and Mers-el-Kébir (1563)
* 1st Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera (1563)
* Granada (1563)
* 2nd Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera (1564)
* Malta (1565)
* 5th Algeria (1567)
* 3rd Tunis (1569)
* 2nd Gozo (1570)
* Lepanto (1571)
* Navarino (1572)
* 2nd Apulia (1573)
* 4th Tunis (1573)
* 5th Tunis (1574)
* Cadaqués (1575)
* Lanzarote (1586)
* Longina (1595)
* Mers-el-Fahm (1603)
* Monastir (1603)
* Hammamet (1605)
* 1st La Goulette (1609)
* Kerkennah Islands (1611)
* 2nd La Goulette (1612)
* Cape Corvo (1613)
* Messina (1613)
* Malta (1614)
* 3rd La Goulette (1615)
* Cape Celidonia (1616)
* Constantinople (1616)
* 4th La Goulette (1617)
* Sousse (1619)
* Chios (1621)
* Palermo (1624)
* Gulf of Tunis (1624)
* Dalmatia (1624)
* San Pietro (1624)
* Syracuse (1625)

* v
* t
* e

Ottoman–Habsburg wars
in Hungary (1526–1568)

Hungarian civil war (1526–38)

* Campaign of 1527–1528 (Szőlős
* Sződfalva
* Tarcal
* Szina)

Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1529–1533

* Campaign of 1529 (Buda
* Vienna)
* Földvár (1529)
* Gyula (1529–30)
* Buda (1530)
* Güns (1532)
* Leobersdorf (1532)
* Komárom (1532)
* Várpalota (1533)

Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1534–1537

* Mediaș (1534)
* Tihany (1534)
* Požega
* Klis (1537)
* Dakovo (1537)

Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1540–1547

* Visegrád (1540)
* Buda (1540)
* Pest (1541)
* Buda (1541)
* Făgăraș (1541)
* Pécs (1541)
* Buda (1542)
* Döbrököz (1542–45)
* Pest (1542)
* Szeged (1543)
* Szekszárd (1543)
* Kapos (1543)
* Nagykanizsa (1543)
* Valpovo (1543)
* Siklós (1543)
* Esztergom (1543)
* Pécs (1543)
* Komárom (1543)
* Székesfehérvár (1543)
* Ozora (1543)
* Somlóvásárhely (1543)
* Ugod (1)
* Ugod (2)
* Nagykanizsa (1545)
* Székesfehérvár

Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1551–1562

* Lippa (1551)
* Temesvár (1551)
* Szeged (1552)
* Temesvár (1552)
* Drégely (1552)
* Palást (1552)
* Szolnok (1552)
* Eger (1552)
* Kaposvár (1555)
* Hadad (1562)

Habsburg–Transylvanian War (1556–1567)

* Hadad (1562)
* First Székely Uprising (1562)

Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1565–1568

* Krupa (1565)
* Gyula (1566)
* Palota (1566)
* Siklós (1566)
* Szigetvár (1566)

The siege of Temesvár was a military conflict between the Habsburg monarchy and the Ottoman Empire in 1552. The siege resulted with a decisive Ottoman victory and Temesvár came under Ottoman control for 164 years.

## Background

[edit]

After the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the Hungarian Kingdom split into two parts. The western part of the country came under the control of Ferdinand I from the House of Habsburg, the eastern side came under the control of John Zápolya, a Hungarian noble. Zápolya asked the help of Suleiman the Magnificent Ottoman emperor against Ferdinand. After the death of John in 1540, he was succeeded by his one-month-old son, John Sigismund Zápolya. Ferdinand in 1541 tried to capture Buda, the capital, but he was defeated by Suleiman's army. The Ottoman emperor occupied Buda after the victory and sent the young Hungarian king with his court to Lippa (today Lipova, Romania); in 1542 they moved to Gyulafehérvár (today Alba Iulia, Romania), which later became the capital of the Principality of Transylvania.

Even after this event, Ferdinand didn't give up his dream about the unification of the Hungarian Kingdom under his rule. With George Martinuzzi's help, the eastern part of the country in 1550 came under Habsburg rule, which caused the attack of the Ottoman army against Hungary.

In 1552 two Ottoman armies crossed the border into the Hungarian Kingdom. One of them – led by Hadim Ali Pasha – started a campaign against the western and central part of the country whilst the second army – led by Kara Ahmed Pasha – attacked the fortresses in the Banat region.

## Siege

[edit]

In the summer of 1552, the Ottomans arrived at Temesvár, which was the most important city in the Banat region. The Ottoman army numbered about 30,000 men, Temesvár was defended only by 1,900 men, 700 of whom were merchants.

The Ottoman artillery started destroying the wall on 27 June, then the Ottoman infantry assaulted the wall on 3 July and 6 July, without any success. At the time of the battle, a Hungarian army led by Mihály Tóth tried to liberate the city under the siege, but his army was defeated in the battle of Szentandrás (today Sânandrei, Romania). The city fell soon after.

## Aftermath

[edit]

After the capture of Temesvár, the sultan established the Temeşvar Eyalet which was composed of four sanjaks. Temesvár remained under Ottoman control even after the Treaty of Karlowitz and was recaptured by the Christian forces only in 1717.

## References

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