Sikhism by country

Distribution of Sikhs

Percentage of Sikhs by country

Number of Sikhs by country

* v
* t
* e

Most of the 25–30 million followers of Sikhism, the world's fifth-largest religion live in the northern Indian state of Punjab, the only Sikh-majority administrative division on Earth,[1][2][3][4][5][6] but Sikh communities exist on every inhabited continent. Sizeable Sikh populations in countries across the world exist in India (20,833,116),[7] Canada (~771,800),[8] England (~520,100),[9] the United States (~280,000),[30] Italy (~220,000), and Australia (~210,400), while countries with the largest proportions of Sikhs include Canada (2.12%),[8] India (1.72%), New Zealand (1.07%), Cyprus (~1.1%)[31][32] England (0.92%),[9][33] and Australia (0.83%).

Administrative divisions with significant proportions of Sikhs include Punjab, India (Sikhs account for 58% of the population), Chandigarh, India (13.1%), British Columbia, Canada (5.9%),[8] Haryana, India (4.9%), Delhi, India (3.4%), West Midlands, England (2.9%), Manitoba, Canada (2.7%),[8] Alberta, Canada (2.5%),[8] Uttarakhand, India (2.3%), and Ontario, Canada (2.1%).[8] Meanwhile, cities outside India with the largest Sikh populations are Brampton, Ontario, Canada (163,260),[34] Surrey, British Columbia, Canada (154,415),[35] and London, England (144,543).[36]

At 93.33% Sikh, Tarn Taran is the world's most populated Sikh district or county.[37] Located in the heart of the Majha region of Punjab founded by Guru Arjan Dev - the 5th Sikh guru,[38] Tarn Taran also hosts the world's largest sarovar (sacred pool)[39] even surpassing the great Darbar Sahib - Golden Temple in the neighbouring Amritsar district.

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## By country

[edit]

The figures on the table below are either based on each of the country's respective censuses or are calculated by specific organizations. Some of these figures are rounded off. In case of conflicting estimates, both the lowest and highest estimates are included.

Sikhs and Sikhism by country  Country  | No. of Sikhs  | Sikh %  | % of all Sikhs  | Year

|
|
|
|

Afghanistan * | 140 | 0.00%  | 0.00%  | 2022[40]
Argentina * | 300 families | 0.00%  | 0.00%  | 2012[41]
Austria * | 9,000 | 0.04%  | 0.04%  | 2020[42]
Australia * | 210,400 | 0.83%  | 0.90%  | 2021 (Census)[43]
Bangladesh * | 20 families | 0.00%  | 0.00%  | 2012[44]
Belgium * | 10,000 | 0.09%  | 0.04%  | 2020[45]
Brazil * | 300 | 0.00%  | 0.00%  | 2018[46]
Canada * | 771,790 | 2.12%  | 3.31%  | 2021 (Census)[47]
Cyprus * | 2,260  | 0.24%  |  | 2021[48]
Denmark * | 4,000 | 0.07%  | 0.02%  | 2019[49]
Fiji * | 2,577 | 0.31%  | 0.01%  | 2007[50]
France * | 30,000 | 0.04%  | 0.13%  | 2017[51]
Georgia * | 200 | 0.01%  | 0.00%  | 2018[52]
Germany * | 18,000 | 0.02%  | 0.08%  | 2017[53]
Greece * | 20,000 | 0.19%  | 0.09%  | 2015[54]
Hong Kong * | 12,000 | 0.16%  | 0.05%  | 2021[55]
Iceland | 100 | 0.03%  | 0.00%  | 2013[56]
India * | 20,833,116 | 1.72%  | 89.27%  | 2011 (Census)
Indonesia * | 15,000 | 0.01%  | 0.06%  | 2009[57]
Ireland * | 2,183 | 0.04%  | 0.01%  | 2022 (Census)[58]
Italy * | 220,000 | 0.37%  | 0.94%  | 2022[72]
Kenya | 6,000 | 0.01%  | 0.03%  | 2013[73]
Kuwait | 15,000 | 0.35%  | 0.06%  | 2021[74]
Malaysia * | 100,000 | 0.30%  | 0.43%  | 2016[75]
Nepal * | 609 | 0.00%  | 0.00%  | 2011 (Census)[76]
Netherlands * | 15,000 | 0.08%  | 0.06%  | 2022[77]
New Zealand * | 53,406 | 1.07%  | 0.23%  | 2023 (Census)[78]
Norway * | 4,080 | 0.08%  | 0.02%  | 2020[79]
Oman | 33,704 | 0.75%  | 0.14%  | 2020[80]
Pakistan * | 15,998 | 0.01%  | 0.07%  | 2023 (Census)[81]
Panama * | 302 | 0.01%  | 0.00%  | 2020[82]
Philippines | 28,436 | 0.03%  | 0.12%  | 2020[82]
Portugal * | 35,000 | 0.34%  | 0.15%  | 2020[83]
Saudi Arabia | 6,700 | 0.02%  | 0.03%  | 2021[84]
Singapore * | 12,051 | 0.35%  | 0.05%  | 2020[85]
South Africa * | 13,000 | 0.02%  | 0.04%  | 2020[86]
Spain * | 26,000 | 0.05%  | 0.11%  | 2020[87]
Sweden * | 4,000 | 0.04%  | 0.02%  | 2020[87]
Thailand * | 70,000 | 0.10%  | 0.30%  | 2005[88]
Trinidad and Tobago * | 150 | 0.01%  | 0.00%  | 2022[89]
Uganda | 2,400 | 0.01%  | 0.01%  | 2021[90]
United Arab Emirates * | 52,000 | 0.56%  | 0.22%  | 2022[91]
United Kingdom * | 524,529 | 0.85%  | 2.25%  | 2021 (Census)[92][93][94]
United States * | 280,000 | 0.08%  | 1.20%  | 2021[115]
Total  | 23,336,631[a] | 0.29%  | 100.00%  |

## Census Data

[edit]

As a religious minority, Sikhs have fought long and hard to get official status and to be counted in many countries across the world. Through the efforts of Sikh organisations and communities in their respective countries, there is now readily available population data on Sikhs as part of the census in the following territories:

Census Data  Country  | Sikh Religion  | Sikh Ethnicity

|
|

Rank  | Pop. | % | Year  | Pop. | % | Year  | Response
India | 4th  | 20,833,116 | 1.72%  | 2011[116] |  |  |  |
Canada | 4th  | 771,790 | 2.12%  | 2021[47] | 194,640  | 0.54%  | 2021[117] | Multiple
England | 4th  | 520,092 | 0.92%  | 2021[92] | 98,666  | 0.17%  | 2021[118] | Single
United States |  |  |  |  | 48,321 | 0.01%  | 2020[119][120][121] | Single
70,697  | 0.02%  | 2020[122][123][124] | Multiple
Australia | 5th  | 210,400 | 0.83%  | 2021[125] | 60,501  | 0.24%  | 2021[126] | Multiple
Malaysia | 5th  | 58,604 | 0.25%  | 2000[127][128] |  |  |  |
New Zealand | 5th  | 53,406 | 1.07%  | 2023[78] | 105  | 0.00%  | 2018[129] | Single
192  | 0.00%  | 2018[130] | Multiple
Pakistan | 4th  | 15,998 | 0.01%  | 2023[81] |  |  |  |
Singapore | 6th  | 12,051 | 0.35%  | 2020[85] |  |  |  |
Thailand | 6th  | 11,124 | 0.02%  | 2010[131] |  |  |  |
Scotland | 5th  | 10,988 | 0.2%  | 2022[132] | 873  | 0.02%  | 2011[133] | Multiple
Wales | 5th  | 4,048 | 0.13%  | 2021[92] | 683  | 0.02%  | 2021[134] | Single
Austria | 6th  | 2,794 | 0.03%  | 2001[135] |  |  |  |
Fiji | 4th  | 2,577 | 0.31%  | 2007[136] |  |  |  |
Cyprus | 4th  | 2,260 | 0.24%  | 2021[137] |  |  |  |
Ireland | 6th  | 2,183 | 0.04%  | 2022[138] |  |  |  |
Nepal | 7th  | 1,496 | 0.01%  | 2021[139] |  |  |  |
Northern Ireland | 6th  | 389 | 0.02%  | 2021[140] | 43  | 0.00%  | 2021[141] | Single
Mauritius |  | 182[b] | 0.01%  | 2022[142] |  |  |  |
Czech Republic |  | 86  | 0.00%  | 2021[143] |  |  |  |
Faroe Islands | 7th  | 3  | 0.01%  | 2011[144] |  |  |  |

Official statistics do not count unregistered arrivals or those who have not completed the census or surveys. However, they do provide for a much more accurate depiction of Sikh communities as opposed to estimates from various Sikh organisations whose estimates can vary vastly with no statistically valuable source. Thus, official statistics and census data is highly important and Sikh communities continue to push for census inclusion in many countries where they are still not counted.

Country  | Born in Country[145] | Born Overseas[146] | Data

|
|
|

Total  | %  | Total  | %
England | 296,673  | 57.0%  | 223,419  | 43.0%  | 2021
Canada | 236,400  | 30.6%  | 535,390  | 69.4%  | 2021
Australia | 51,939  | 24.9%  | 157,940  | 75.1%  | 2021
Singapore | 8,369  | 69.5%  | 3,682  | 30.5%  | 2020
Wales | 2,431  | 60.1%  | 1,617  | 39.9%  | 2021
Cyprus | 56  | 2.5%  | 2,204  | 97.5%  | 2021

Canada has the largest Sikh population outside India, this is largely due to those born overseas outside Canada numbering 500,000+. Whilst England ranks number 1 for having the largest number born in the diaspora.

% Sikh by National Subdivision

## Largest proportions and populations

[edit]

Rank  | Proportion  | Population

|
|

Country  | Proportion  | Country  | Population
1  |  Canada | 2.12%[47] |  India | 23,786,000[150]
2  |  India | 1.72%[155] |  Canada | 771,790[47]
3  |  New Zealand | 1.07%[78] |  United Kingdom | 524,000[156]
4  |  Australia | 0.83%[157] |  United States | 280,000[178]
5  |  United Kingdom | 0.80%[179] |  Australia | 210,400[157]
6  |  Oman | 0.75%[80] |  Italy | 210,000[187]
7  |  United Arab Emirates | 0.56%[188] |  Malaysia | 100,000[189][190][191]
8  |  Italy | 0.37%[199] |  Thailand | 70,000[200]
9  |  Singapore | 0.35%  |  New Zealand | 53,406[78]
10  |  Cyprus | 0.24%[201] |  United Arab Emirates | 52,000[202]
11  |  |  |  Philippines | 50,000[203][204]
12  |  |  |  Oman | 35,540[80]
13  |  |  |  Portugal | 35,000[205]
14  |  |  |  France | 30,000[206]
15  |  |  |  Spain | 26,000[207]
16  |  |  |  Germany | 25,000[208]
17  |  |  |  Greece | 20,000[209]
18  |  |  |  Pakistan | 15,998[81]
19  |  |  |  Netherlands | 15,000[210]
20  |  |  |  Kuwait | 15,000[211][212]
21  |  |  |  Hong Kong | 15,000[213]
23  |  |  |  Singapore | 12,051[214]
24  |  |  |  Indonesia | 10,000[215]
25  |  |  |  Belgium | 10,000[216]
26  |  |  |  Austria | 10,000[217]

## Historical Data

[edit]

The Afghan Sikh population declined from between 200,000 and 500,000 (1.8% to 4.6% of the Afghan population) in the 1970s[218][219][220][221][222] to 45 in 2022 following decades of conflict.

Sikhism by country (2001−2021)  Country | 2021  | 2011  | 2001  | Change (2011-2021)  | Change (2001-2011)  | Source

|
|
|
|
|
|

Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | ± | +% | ± | +%
India |  |  | 20,833,116  | 1.72%  | 19,237,391  | 1.87%  |  |  | 1,595,725  | 8.29%  | [223][224][225][226][227]
Canada | 771,790  | 2.12%  | 454,965  | 1.38%  | 278,410  | 0.94%  | 316,825  | 69.64%  | 176,555  | 63.42%  | [47][228][229]
England | 520,092  | 0.92%  | 420,196  | 0.79%  | 327,343  | 0.63%  | 99,896  | 23.77%  | 92,853  | 28.37%  | [92][230][231]
United States | 269,986  | 0.08%  | 189,242  | 0.06%  | 119,740  | 0.04%  | 80,744  | 42.67%  | 69,502  | 58.04%  | [232][233][234][259]
Australia | 210,400  | 0.83%  | 72,296  | 0.34%  | 17,437  | 0.09%  | 138,101  | 191.02%  | 54,859  | 314.61%  | [260]
New Zealand | [d]40,908  | 1.07%  | [e]19,191  | 0.45%  | 5,199  | 0.14%  | 34,215  | 178.29%  | 13,992  | 269.13%  | [78][261]
Norway | 4,208  | 0.08%  | 2,975  | 0.06%  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [262]
Wales | 4,048  | 0.13%  | 2,962  | 0.10%  | 2,015  | 0.07%  | 1,086  |  | 947  |  | [92][230][231]
Nepal | 1,496  | 0.01%  | 609  | 0.00%  |  |  | 887  |  |  |  | [76][139]
Fiji | 500  | 0.10%  | [f]2,540  | 0.30%  | [g]3,067  | 0.40%  |  |  | -527  | -17.18%  | [263]
Northern Ireland | 389  | 0.02%  | 216  | 0.01%  | 219  | 0.01%  | 173  |  | -3  |  | [264][265][266]
Depiction of early Sikh immigration to Canada (Whitehorse, Yukon). Circa 1906.

## Other data

[edit]

### Administrative divisions

[edit]

The following table will only list administrative divisions with 1,000 Sikhs or higher.

Sikhs by administrative division (2021)[47][267][81][268][269][260][h] Administrative division  | Pop. | %

|
|

Punjab, India | 16,004,754  | 57.69%
Haryana | 1,243,752  | 4.91%
Rajasthan | 872,930  | 1.27%
Uttar Pradesh | 643,500  | 0.32%
Delhi | 570,581  | 3.40%
Ontario | 300,435  | 2.14%
British Columbia | 290,870  | 5.92%
Uttarakhand | 236,340  | 2.34%
Jammu and Kashmir | 232,585  | 1.90%
Maharashtra | 223,247  | 0.20%
West Midlands | 172,398  | 2.90%
Madhya Pradesh | 151,412  | 0.21%
California | 146,614  | 0.37%
London | 144,543  | 1.64%
Chandigarh | 138,329  | 13.11%
Alberta | 103,600  | 2.48%
Victoria | 91,745  | 1.41%
Himachal Pradesh | 79,896  | 1.16%
South East | 74,348  | 0.80%
Jharkhand | 71,422  | 0.22%
Chhattisgarh | 70,036  | 0.27%
West Bengal | 63,523  | 0.07%
Gujarat | 58,246  | 0.10%
East Midlands | 53,950  | 1.11%
New South Wales | 47,165  | 0.58%
Manitoba | 35,470  | 2.71%
New York | 31,496  | 0.16%
Telangana | 30,340  | 0.09%
Karnataka | 28,773  | 0.05%
Queensland | 27,713  | 0.54%
East | 24,284  | 0.38%
Yorkshire and the Humber | 24,034  | 0.44%
Auckland | 23,832  | 1.52%
Quebec | 23,345  | 0.28%
Odisha | 21,991  | 0.05%
Assam | 20,672  | 0.07%
Western Australia | 18,583  | 0.70%
Washington | 17,316  | 0.22%
South Australia | 17,259  | 0.97%
New Jersey | 15,417  | 0.17%
Bihar | 14,753  | 0.01%
Tamil Nadu | 14,601  | 0.02%
North West | 11,862  | 0.16%
Texas | 10,777  | 0.04%
Andhra Pradesh | 9,904  | 0.02%
Scotland | 9,055  | 0.17%
Saskatchewan | 9,035  | 0.82%
South West | 7,465  | 0.13%
North East | 7,206  | 0.27%
Indiana | 6,812  | 0.10%
Virginia | 6,792  | 0.08%
Michigan | 5,809  | 0.06%
Punjab, Pakistan | 5,649  | 0.00%
Sindh | 5,182  | 0.01%
Illinois | 5,087  | 0.04%
Bay of Plenty | 4,842  | 1.57%
Nova Scotia | 4,730  | 0.49%
Pennsylvania | 4,354  | 0.03%
Australian Capital Territory | 4,323  | 0.95%
Waikato | 4,074  | 0.89%
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | 4,050  | 0.01%
Wales | 4,048  | 0.13%
Maryland | 4,013  | 0.06%
Kerala | 3,814  | 0.01%
Ohio | 3,517  | 0.03%
Arunachal Pradesh | 3,287  | 0.24%
Meghalaya | 3,045  | 0.10%
Canterbury | 2,973  | 0.50%
Massachusetts | 2,379  | 0.03%
Florida | 2,359  | 0.01%
Ladakh | 2,263  | 0.83%
Tasmania | 2,208  | 0.40%
Arizona | 2,177  | 0.03%
Georgia | 2,173  | 0.02%
Nagaland | 1,890  | 0.10%
Sikkim | 1,868  | 0.31%
New Brunswick | 1,780  | 0.23%
Wellington | 1,647  | 0.32%
Manipur | 1,527  | 0.05%
Goa | 1,473  | 0.10%
North Carolina | 1,431  | 0.01%
Connecticut | 1,424  | 0.04%
Wisconsin | 1,412  | 0.02%
Northern Territory | 1,401  | 0.60%
Hawke's Bay | 1,347  | 0.81%
Colorado | 1,324  | 0.02%
Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 1,286  | 0.34%
Prince Edward Island | 1,165  | 0.77%
Oregon | 1,130  | 0.03%
Nevada | 1,118  | 0.04%
Tripura | 1,070  | 0.03%
Balochistan | 1,057  | 0.01%

### Sub-districts

[edit]

Faith in Newton, Surrey (2021)[279] World's only Sikh majority neighbourhood outside India

1. Christian (16.4%)
2. No Religion (13.9%)
3. Sikh (51.5%)
4. Muslim (8.70%)
5. Hindu (8.10%)
6. Buddhist (0.90%)
7. Jewish (0.10%)
8. Other faiths (0.40%)

A sub-district is a local administrative division known as different names in respective countries: called tehsils in India, electoral districts in Canada and wards in England. These are smaller than counties or districts and consist of neighbourhoods and suburbs. Newton, Surrey is the only Sikh majority sub-district outside India with Sikhs representing 51.5% of the population in 2021.[280] There are however, a number of other neighbourhoods outside India where Sikhs form the largest group (plurality).

Neighbourhoods with Sikhs as Largest Group[281] Sub-district (neighbourhood)  | Division  | Nation  | % Sikh

|
|
|

Newton - Surrey | British Columbia |  Canada | 51.5%
Blakenhall - Wolverhampton | West Midlands |  England | 40.7%
Brampton East - Peel | Ontario |  Canada | 40.4%
Southall Green - Ealing | London |  England | 36.8%
Heston West - Hounslow | London |  England | 31.8%
Lady Margaret - Ealing | London |  England | 28.2%
Pinkwell - Hillingdon | London |  England | 26.5%
Norwood Green - Ealing | London |  England | 26.2%

### Municipalities

[edit]

* Gurudwara Bangla Sahib is located in Delhi. India's capital and second-largest city with nearly 20 million inhabitants, Delhi was home to 570,581 Sikhs at the 2011 census, the largest municipal Sikh population in the world.

* Gurdwara Dasmesh Darbar is located in Brampton, Ontario. Home to 163,260 Sikhs at the 2021 census, Brampton has the world's largest municipal Sikh population outside India.

* Gurdwara Amb Sahib is located in Mohali, Punjab, the largest Sikh-majority city on Earth with a total population of 166,864 at the 2011 census.

20 largest municipal Sikh populations  Municipality | Sikh population  | Total population  | Sikh proportion % | Largest religious group  | Source

|
|
|
|
|

Delhi | 570,581  | 16,787,941  | 3.40%  | Hindu (81.68%)  | [282]
Amritsar | 556,431  | 1,159,227  | 48.00%  | Hindu (49.36%)  | [283]
Ludhiana | 465,393  | 1,618,879  | 28.75%  | Hindu (65.96%)  | [284]
Jalandhar | 185,869  | 868,929  | 21.39%  | Hindu (74.90%)  | [285]
Patiala | 178,336  | 446,246  | 39.96%  | Hindu (57.22%)  | [286]
Brampton | 163,260  | 650,165  | 25.11%  | Christian (35.72%)  | [287]
Surrey | 154,415  | 562,565  | 27.45%  | Christian (30.24%)  | [288]
London | 144,543  | 8,799,728  | 1.64%  | Christian (40.66%)  | [289]
Chandigarh | 138,329  | 1,055,450  | 13.11%  | Hindu (80.78%)  | [290]
Bhatinda | 100,139  | 446,246  | 35.04%  | Hindu (62.61%)  | [291]
Mohali | 85,983  | 166,864  | 51.53%  | Sikh (51.53%)  | [292]
Melbourne | 85,286  | 4,917,750  | 1.73%  | Christian (40.14%)  | [293]
Moga | 82,456  | 163,397  | 50.46%  | Sikh (50.46%)  | [294]
Mumbai | 60,759  | 12,442,373  | 0.49%  | Hindu (65.99%)  | [295]
Batala | 59,996  | 156,619  | 37.82%  | Hindu (56.00%)  | [296]
Barnala | 58,652  | 116,449  | 50.37%  | Sikh (50.37%)  | [297]
Khanna | 52,240  | 128,137  | 40.77%  | Hindu (56.41%)  | [298]
Tarn Taran | 50,583  | 66,847  | 75.67%  | Sikh (75.67%)  | [299]
Muktsar | 49,934  | 116,747  | 42.77%  | Hindu (55.56%)  | [300]
Calgary | 49,465  | 1,306,784  | 3.83%  | Christian (44.53%)  | [301]

## See also

[edit]

* Sikh diaspora
* Punjabis

* List of religious populations

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Total of countries listed above. List last totaled on 11 June 2023.
2. ^ Combined responses of "Sikh" (116) and "Punjabi" (66).
3. ^ Sikhs comprise 1.7% (23,786,052) of India's total population of 1,399,179,585 per 2023 estimate by the World Factbook.[147]
4. ^ 2023 census
5. ^ 2013 census
6. ^ 2007 census
7. ^ 1996 census
8. ^ 2011 census data for India,[148] 2011 census data for Scotland,[270] 2018 census data for New Zealand,[271] 2020 census data for United States,[275] and 2022 census data for Bihar.[276][277][278]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Sikhs in America".
2. ^ "'Big moment': Indian Sikhs on historic pilgrimage to Pakistan".
3. ^ "1984 Marks 'One of the Darkest Years' in Modern Indian History: US Senator".
4. ^ "FAKE ALERT: Sidhu wrongly quotes Sikh population as 14 crores". The Times of India. 11 November 2019.
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7. ^ Barwiński, Marek; Musiaka, Łukasz (2019). "The Sikhs – religion and nation. Chosen political and social determinants of functioning". Studia Z Geografii Politycznej I Historycznej. 8: 167–182\. doi:10.18778/2300-0562.08.09. hdl:11089/38783. S2CID 226730777 - via ResearchGate.
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14. ^ "Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
15. ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
16. ^ "About Sikhs". Sikh Coalition. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
17. ^ "H. RES. 275 - 118th Congress (2023-2024)". United States Congress. 10 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
18. ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
19. ^ "Sikhism Reporter's Guide". Sikh Coalition. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
20. ^ "The Sikh Community Today". Harvard University. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "Today there are well over 500,000 Sikhs in the United States."
21. ^ "American Sikhs are targets of bigotry, often due to cultural ignorance". Religion News Service. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around 500,000."
22. ^ "Sikhs in America:A History of Hate". ProPublica. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "There are an estimated 500,000 Sikhs living in the U.S., many in New York and California."
23. ^ "April 2022: Sikh Awareness and Appreciation Month". State of Michigan Office of the Governor. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world, and, today, there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide and an estimated 500,000 Sikh Americans;"
24. ^ "Want to know about Sikhism?". WUWM. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "There are more than 500,000 Sikhs in the United States."
25. ^ "A Brief Introduction to Sikhism". WTTW. 5 May 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today."
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27. ^ "Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths". Pew Research Center. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
28. ^ "2020 National Sikh American Survey: Key Findings". Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
29. ^ "DP05ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
30. ^ While the U.S. Census does not ask about religion,[10] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[11] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population.[12] The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008.[13] The Pew Research Center estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012.[14][15] Sikh organizations like the Sikh Coalition and American Sikh Congressional Caucus estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures;[16][17][18] 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media.[19][26] With 1% of Asian Americans being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000 in 2021.[27][28][29]
31. ^ "Religious Freedom in the World. Report 2021" (PDF). acninternational.org. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
32. ^ "National Profiles". thearda.com.
33. ^ "Census maps". ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
34. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Brampton, City (CY) Ontario [Census subdivision] Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
35. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Surrey, City (CY) British Columbia [Census subdivision] Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
36. ^ "TS030 - Religion Edit query". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
37. ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW03C-01 MDDS.XLS 2011 Census of India. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
38. ^ https://www.sikhnet.com/news/bliss-tarn-taran SikhNet. Retrieved: 30 July 2023
39. ^ https://www.sikhnet.com/news/bliss-tarn-taran SikhNet. Retrieved: 30 July 2023.
40. ^ "Afghanistan's last Sikhs in a dilemma: To stay or leave". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
41. ^ Duttagupta, Ishani. "How Simmarpal Singh helped Olam become one of the top players in peanuts in Argentina". The Economic Times.
42. ^ "Why Sikhism as registered religion in Austria matters". Times of India. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
43. ^ "Australian Bureau of Statistics : 2021 Census of Population and Housing : General Community Profile" (XLSX). Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
44. ^ "Of Kara, kirpan and kesh: The 500-year-old Sikh community of Bangladesh". The Business Standard. 25 March 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
45. ^ Montes, Enrico Castro; Goddeeris, Idesbald (7 July 2020). "Hinduism in Belgium". Handbook of Hinduism in Europe (2 vols). Brill. pp. 849–863\. doi:10.1163/9789004432284_031. ISBN 9789004432284. S2CID 236835206 - via brill.com.
46. ^ "Brazilian Sikhs visit Golden Temple, plead for gender equality". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
47. ^ a b c d e f Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
48. ^ "Population Enumerated by Religion, Sex and Country of Birth Group, 1.10.2021". Retrieved 5 December 2024.
49. ^ Singh, Pashaura (2019). "A Dictionary of Sikh Studies". doi:10.1093/acref/9780191831874.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-183187-4.
50. ^ "Religion - Fiji Bureau of Statistics". www.statsfiji.gov.fj.
51. ^ "France's Sikh Minority Looks Set to Vote Against Marine Le Pen". Retrieved 3 June 2023.
52. ^ "The Georgia Giants". www.tribuneindia.com.
53. ^ "Mitgliederzahlen: Sonstige - REMID - Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst e.V." remid.de (in German). Retrieved 16 August 2017. "Sikhs, 25,000 (2020)....The "German Information Center for Sikh Religion, Sikh History, Culture and Science (DISR)" estimates the number of Sikhs in Germany at 18,000 for 2017"
54. ^ Lavin, Talia (26 April 2015). "Vibrant Vaisakhi Celebrates Sikh Life In Greece". Huffington Post. "The Sikh community in Greece, numbered at around 20,000 according to a 2012 report, joined together to mark the holy day"
55. ^ "Religion and Custom" (PDF). Retrieved 8 May 2023.
56. ^ "First Akhand Path in Iceland Completed". Sikh Dharma International. 5 September 2013.
57. ^ "UNHCR 2009 Report on International Religious Freedom- Indonesia". Retrieved 11 February 2015.
58. ^ "Irish census". Irish census. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
59. ^ "Over 40,000 Sikhs vote in secessionist Referendum in Italy". Geo News. "it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in the county with a majority in Brescia."
60. ^ "Around 45,000 Sikhs vote in Referendum in Italy". Daily Pakistan. "That it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in it with a majority in Brescia"
61. ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. 3 July 2022. "About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy."
62. ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". The Nation. "About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy."
63. ^ "Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News. "Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen"
64. ^ a b c "The Continuing Struggle for Religious Freedom by Italy's Sikh Community". The Wire. "It is estimated that there are around 220,000 Sikh migrants in Italy. The community, however, has been largely invisible to native Italians. The majority of Sikhs are dairy workers, living far from the cities, and settled mainly in the farms of north and central Italy."
65. ^ a b c "How the recent Punjabi migration to Spain & Italy is a departure for the diaspora". The Economic Times. 29 July 2018. "The total number of Indians in Italy has now crossed 200,000, making it the largest Indian diaspora in continental Europe and far greater than the 30,000 estimated in Spain. This Indian contingent is mainly made up of Punjabi Jat Sikhs."
66. ^ a b c "How Sikhs saved the Italian cheese industry". Global Indian. "Today, Italy has the largest Sikh population in Europe, only second to the United Kingdom, with an estimated number of 220,000"
67. ^ Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence". Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods. Brill Publishers. p. 75\. ISBN 9789004254756. "According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000 residents"
68. ^ a b c "Why the Indian government must help Italian Sikhs". Hindustan Times. "Up to 150,000 Sikhs now live there, making it the largest Sikh Community in Europe after the one in Britain"
69. ^ "The Sikhs Spearheading The Italian Parmesan Cheese Industry". Homegrown. "Despite the estimated 220,000 Sikh immigrants who inhabit the Po Valley, there seems to a whiff of change in the air"
70. ^ a b c "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. "About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy."
71. ^ a b c Tebano, Elena. "Prayer at dawn, zero crime: this is how Sikhs live in Italy, after the sentence of the Cassation". Corriere Della Sera. "The vegan diet, the cult, the traditions. Customs and symbols of the 150,000 faithful of the religion born in India who now live in the Bel Paese"
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73. ^ Adam, Michel (1 September 2013). "A diversity with several levels: Kenyan politics of integration and the Kenyan minorities of Indian origin". Les Cahiers d'Afrique de l'Est / The East African Review (47): 23–32\. doi:10.4000/eastafrica.402. S2CID 199837942 - via journals.openedition.org.
74. ^ "Kuwait". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
75. ^ "overseasindian.in". Retrieved 1 February 2016.
76. ^ a b "Nepal Profile". Government of Nepal - Ministry Of Foreign Affairs. "Religion(s): There are ten religious categories reported in the census 2011. Hindu is followed by 81.3 percent (21,551,492) of the population followed by Buddhism (9%; 2,396,099), Islam (4.4%; 1,162,370), Kirat (3.1%; 807,169), Christianity (1.4%; 375,699), Prakriti (0.5%; 121,982), Bon (13,006), Jainism (3,214), Bahai (1,283) and Sikhism (609)."
77. ^ Lawrence, Mary (22 May 2022). "Het licht van God zien in de ander, daar gaat het om bij de sikhs" [Seeing the light of God in the other, that's what the Sikhs are all about]. Trouw. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2023. "In Nederland wonen zo'n 15.000 sikhs, die hier sinds de jaren zestig vanuit Afghanistan, Pakistan en India kwamen, op zoek naar werk of op de vlucht voor de Sovjets, de Taliban of de geradicaliseerde aanhangers van Indira Gandhi, nadat zij in 1984 door haar sikhlijfwacht was vermoord. Ons land telt inmiddels negen gurdwara's. [Some 15,000 Sikhs live in the Netherlands, who have come here from Afghanistan, Pakistan and India since the 1960s, looking for work or fleeing the Soviets, the Taliban or the radicalized followers of Indira Gandhi, after they were killed in 1984. her Sikh bodyguard had been killed. Our country now has nine gurdwaras.]"
78. ^ a b c d e "Totals by topic for individuals, (NZ total), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
79. ^ "2020-12-08". ssb.no. 8 December 2020.
80. ^ a b c "National Profiles". www.thearda.com.
81. ^ a b c d "TABLE 9 : POPULATION BY SEX, RELIGION AND RURAL/URBAN, CENSUS - 2023" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
82. ^ a b "National Profiles". thearda.com.
83. ^ "Portugal Fact Sheet". Embassy of India (Lisbon, Portugal). "Sikhs (35,000), In recent years, the number of Indians (especially from Punjab/Haryana) has increased significantly owing to the easing of immigration norms by Portugal. However, since many of them do not have valid residency documents, official figures are not available."
84. ^ "Saudi Arabia. International Religious Freedom Report 2021". state.gov. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
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86. ^ "Custom Dataset | National Profiles | World Religion". www.thearda.com. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
87. ^ a b Garha, Nachatter Singh (13 February 2020). "Masculinity in the Sikh Community in Italy and Spain: Expectations and Challenges". Religions. 11 (2): 76. doi:10.3390/rel11020076. hdl:2183/38589.
88. ^ "International Religious Freedom Report 2005 (U.S. Dept of State)". Retrieved 3 June 2023.
89. ^ "The Sikhs of Trinidad". Ira Mathur. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
90. ^ "What it means to Be Sikh". Monitor. 9 January 2021.
91. ^ Gokulan, Dhanusha. "Sikhs in UAE hail country's year of 'respect, inclusion'". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
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96. ^ "Asian Indian Was The Largest Asian Alone Population Group in 2020". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
97. ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
98. ^ "Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
99. ^ "Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
100. ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
101. ^ "About Sikhs". Sikh Coalition. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
102. ^ "H. RES. 275 - 118th Congress (2023-2024)". United States Congress. 10 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
103. ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
104. ^ "Sikhism Reporter's Guide". Sikh Coalition. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
105. ^ "The Sikh Community Today". Harvard University. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "Today there are well over 500,000 Sikhs in the United States."
106. ^ "American Sikhs are targets of bigotry, often due to cultural ignorance". Religion News Service. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around 500,000."
107. ^ "Sikhs in America:A History of Hate". ProPublica. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "There are an estimated 500,000 Sikhs living in the U.S., many in New York and California."
108. ^ "April 2022: Sikh Awareness and Appreciation Month". State of Michigan Office of the Governor. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world, and, today, there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide and an estimated 500,000 Sikh Americans;"
109. ^ "Want to know about Sikhism?". WUWM. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "There are more than 500,000 Sikhs in the United States."
110. ^ "A Brief Introduction to Sikhism". WTTW. 5 May 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today."
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112. ^ "Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths". Pew Research Center. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
113. ^ "2020 National Sikh American Survey: Key Findings". Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
114. ^ "DP05ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
115. ^ While the U.S. Census does not ask about religion,[95] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[96] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population.[97] The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008.[98] The Pew Research Center estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012.[99][100] Sikh organizations like the Sikh Coalition and American Sikh Congressional Caucus estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures;[101][102][103] 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media.[104][111] With 1% of Asian Americans being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000 in 2021.[112][113][114]
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125. ^ https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/community-profiles/2021/AUS/download/GCP_AUS.xlsx Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
126. ^ "Australia Ancestry". Retrieved 19 June 2023.
127. ^ Kaur, Parveen; Moghal, Arif Jawaid (2014). "The Perceptions on Gender Equality Among the Sikhs in Malaysia". International Review of Modern Sociology. 40 (2): 163–174\. JSTOR 43499907. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
128. ^ "Population Distribution and Basic Demographic Characteristics 2000". Retrieved 18 October 2024.
129. ^ "Sikh ethnic group". Retrieved 19 June 2023.
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131. ^ http://web.nso.go.th/en/census/poph/data/090913_StatisticalTables_10.pdf (PDF). NSO. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
132. ^ "Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion - Chart data". Retrieved 3 July 2024.
133. ^ "Scotland's Census 2021 Ethnic Group and Religion Update" (PDF). Retrieved 19 June 2023.
134. ^ "Ethnic group (detailed)". 29 November 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
135. ^ "Bevölkerung 2001 nach Religionsbekenntnis und Staatsangehörigkeit" [2001 population by religious confession and nationality]. Archived from the original on 13 November 2010. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
136. ^ http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/statistics/social-statistics/religion http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj
137. ^ "Population Enumerated by Religion, Sex and Country of Birth Group, 1.10.2021". Retrieved 5 December 2024.
138. ^ https://data.cso.ie/table/FY030 Irish census. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
139. ^ a b https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/files/caste/Religion_NPHC_2021.xlsx National Statistics Office.
140. ^ https://www.nisra.gov.uk/system/files/statistics/census-2021-ms-b21.xlsx Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.
141. ^ "Census 2021 Ethnic group - full detail MS-B02". 29 November 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
142. ^ https://statsmauritius.govmu.org/Documents/Census_and_Surveys/Census2022/HPC_TR_Vol2_Demography_Yr22.pdf Statistics Mauritius, pp. 138 (PDF) Retrieved 17th May, 2024.
143. ^ https://scitani.gov.cz/docs/42301/aa331037-5c05-6d25-d9b9-07218379072e/sldb2021_pv_obyvatelstvo_podle_cirkvi_a_kraju.xlsx Czech Statistical Office, column 68 - excel file
144. ^ "Religion (2011)". Hagstova Foroya Statistics Faroe Islands. "Sikh Population: 3 Persons"
145. ^ Those born in England, Canada, Australia, Singapore.
146. ^ Those born outside England, Canada, Australia, Singapore.
147. ^ a b "India People and Society". The World Factbook. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
148. ^ a b "Sikh Population in World | Sikh Population in India 2023". 22 December 2021.
149. ^ "Sikh Religion Census 2011". Retrieved 21 March 2023.
150. ^ [147][c][148][149]
151. ^ Barwiński, Marek; Musiaka, Łukasz (2019). "The Sikhs – religion and nation. Chosen political and social determinants of functioning". Studia Z Geografii Politycznej I Historycznej. 8: 167–182\. doi:10.18778/2300-0562.08.09. hdl:11089/38783. S2CID 226730777 - via ResearchGate.
152. ^ "Sikh-population-as-per-census".
153. ^ Puri, Harish K. (June–July 2003). "Scheduled Castes in Sikh Community: A Historical Perspective". Economic and Political Weekly. 38 (26). Economic and Political Weekly: 2693–2701\. JSTOR 4413731.
154. ^ "Total fertility rate down across all communities | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 8 May 2022.
155. ^ The Indian Sikh population grew from 16,420,685 to 19,237,391 between 1991 and 2001, a rise of 2,816,706 or 17.15%. It further rose from 19,237,391 to 20,833,116 between 1991 and 2001, a rise of 1,595,725 or 8.29%.[151][152][153] Assuming the Indian Sikh population growth rate continues to decline at the same rate, which is likely since Sikhs have the lowest birth rate across all Indian religious groups, the Indian Sikh population would grow by 4.01% between 2011 and 2021, or from 20,833,116 to 21,668,524.[154]
156. ^ "Religion, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
157. ^ a b Glenn (6 September 2012). "2011 Australian Census - Fastest Growing Religions". Blog.id.com.au. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
158. ^ "Does the Census Bureau have data for religion?". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
159. ^ "Asian Indian Was The Largest Asian Alone Population Group in 2020". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
160. ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
161. ^ "Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
162. ^ "Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 - Section 1: Population - Table 75: Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990, 2001, and 2008 (page 61)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
163. ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
164. ^ "About Sikhs". Sikh Coalition. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
165. ^ "H. RES. 275 - 118th Congress (2023-2024)". United States Congress. 10 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
166. ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
167. ^ "Sikhism Reporter's Guide". Sikh Coalition. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
168. ^ "The Sikh Community Today". Harvard University. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "Today there are well over 500,000 Sikhs in the United States."
169. ^ "American Sikhs are targets of bigotry, often due to cultural ignorance". Religion News Service. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around 500,000."
170. ^ "Sikhs in America:A History of Hate". ProPublica. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "There are an estimated 500,000 Sikhs living in the U.S., many in New York and California."
171. ^ "April 2022: Sikh Awareness and Appreciation Month". State of Michigan Office of the Governor. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world, and, today, there are more than 30 million Sikhs worldwide and an estimated 500,000 Sikh Americans;"
172. ^ "Want to know about Sikhism?". WUWM. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "There are more than 500,000 Sikhs in the United States."
173. ^ "A Brief Introduction to Sikhism". WTTW. 5 May 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2023. "Despite its relatively recent arrival in Chicago, Sikhism is the world's fifth-largest religion, with 25 to 30 million adherents around the globe and an estimated 500,000 in America today."
174. ^ [168][169][170][171][172][173]
175. ^ "Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths". Pew Research Center. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
176. ^ "2020 National Sikh American Survey: Key Findings". Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
177. ^ "DP05ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
178. ^ While the U.S. Census does not ask about religion,[158] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[159] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population.[160] The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008.[161] The Pew Research Center estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012.[162][163] Sikh organizations like the Sikh Coalition and American Sikh Congressional Caucus estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures;[164][165][166] 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media.[167][174] With 1% of Asian Americans being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000 in 2021.[175][176][177]
179. ^ "Religion, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
180. ^ "Over 40,000 Sikhs vote in secessionist Referendum in Italy". Geo News. "it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in the county with a majority in Brescia."
181. ^ "Around 45,000 Sikhs vote in Referendum in Italy". Daily Pakistan. "That it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in it with a majority in Brescia"
182. ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. 3 July 2022. "About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy."
183. ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". The Nation. "About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy."
184. ^ "Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News. "Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen"
185. ^ Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence". Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods. Brill Publishers. p. 75\. ISBN 9789004254756. "According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000 residents"
186. ^ "The Sikhs Spearheading The Italian Parmesan Cheese Industry". Homegrown. "Despite the estimated 220,000 Sikh immigrants who inhabit the Po Valley, there seems to a whiff of change in the air"
187. ^ [180][181][182][183][184][64][65][66][185][68][186][70][71]
188. ^ Gokulan, Dhanusha. "Sikhs in UAE hail country's year of 'respect, inclusion'". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
189. ^ "Gobind Singh Deo is Malaysia's first Sikh minister". The Economic Times. "Malaysia has nearly 100,000 Sikh population."
190. ^ "Malaysia gets first Sikh minister". WION. "Miri Indian Association president, Councillor Karambir Singh was quoted as saying by the Borneo Post. Malaysia has nearly 100,000 Sikh population"
191. ^ "On the Gurdwara Trail in Malaysia: A Spiritual Experience". SikhNet. 20 January 2023. "The Malaysian Sikh community is the fourth largest ethnic group of Malaysian Indians. It is estimated that over 100,000 Sikhs reside in Malaysia. The Sikh population is the largest here among Southeast and East Asia."
192. ^ "Over 40,000 Sikhs vote in secessionist Referendum in Italy". Geo News. "it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in the county with a majority in Brescia."
193. ^ "Around 45,000 Sikhs vote in Referendum in Italy". Daily Pakistan. "That it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in it with a majority in Brescia"
194. ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. 3 July 2022. "About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy."
195. ^ "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". The Nation. "About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy."
196. ^ "Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News. "Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen"
197. ^ Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence". Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods. Brill Publishers. p. 75\. ISBN 9789004254756. "According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000 residents"
198. ^ "The Sikhs Spearheading The Italian Parmesan Cheese Industry". Homegrown. "Despite the estimated 220,000 Sikh immigrants who inhabit the Po Valley, there seems to a whiff of change in the air"
199. ^ [192][193][194][195][196][64][65][66][197][68][198][70][71]
200. ^ "Thailand". U.S. Department of State.
201. ^ "Population Enumerated by Religion, Sex and Country of Birth Group, 1.10.2021". Retrieved 5 December 2024.
202. ^ Gokulan, Dhanusha. "Sikhs in UAE hail country's year of 'respect, inclusion'". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
203. ^ "Punjabi community involved in money lending in Philippines braces for 'crackdown' by new President". The Indian Express. 18 May 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
204. ^ "Khalsa Diwan Sikh Temple - Gurdwara Philippines". 1 December 2011. Archived from the original on 1 December 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
205. ^ "Portugal Fact Sheet". Embassy of India (Lisbon, Portugal). "Sikhs (35,000), In recent years, the number of Indians (especially from Punjab/Haryana) has increased significantly owing to the easing of immigration norms by Portugal. However, since many of them do not have valid residency documents, official figures are not available."
206. ^ "France's Sikh Minority Looks Set to Vote Against Marine Le Pen". The Wire. 6 May 2017.
207. ^ Garha, Nachatter Singh (6 February 2020). "Masculinity in the Sikh Community in Italy and Spain: Expectations and Challenges". Religions. 11 (2): 76. doi:10.3390/rel11020076. hdl:2183/38589.
208. ^ "Mitgliederzahlen: Sonstige - REMID - Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst e.V." remid.de (in German). Retrieved 16 August 2017. "Sikhs, 25,000 (2020)....The "German Information Center for Sikh Religion, Sikh History, Culture and Science (DISR)" estimates the number of Sikhs in Germany at 18,000 for 2017"
209. ^ Lavin, Talia (26 April 2015). "Vibrant Vaisakhi Celebrates Sikh Life In Greece". Huffington Post. "The Sikh community in Greece, numbered at around 20,000 according to a 2012 report, joined together to mark the holy day"
210. ^ Lawrence, Mary (22 May 2022). "Het licht van God zien in de ander, daar gaat het om bij de sikhs" [Seeing the light of God in the other, that's what the Sikhs are all about]. Trouw. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2023. "In Nederland wonen zo'n 15.000 sikhs, die hier sinds de jaren zestig vanuit Afghanistan, Pakistan en India kwamen, op zoek naar werk of op de vlucht voor de Sovjets, de Taliban of de geradicaliseerde aanhangers van Indira Gandhi, nadat zij in 1984 door haar sikhlijfwacht was vermoord. Ons land telt inmiddels negen gurdwara's. [Some 15,000 Sikhs live in the Netherlands, who have come here from Afghanistan, Pakistan and India since the 1960s, looking for work or fleeing the Soviets, the Taliban or the radicalized followers of Indira Gandhi, after they were killed in 1984. her Sikh bodyguard had been killed. Our country now has nine gurdwaras.]"
211. ^ "Kuwait To Seek Closure of "Illegal" Sikh Temple". Outlook India. 3 February 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
212. ^ Pinto, Christina (14 August 2019). "Sikh Gurdwara discovered by 'intrepid' local reporter". TimesKuwait. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
213. ^ "Hong Kong stories: Getting to know the city's Sikh community". Young Post. 31 July 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
214. ^ Kaur, Arunajeet (2008). The Evolution of the Sikh Identity in Singapore. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute. pp. 275–297\. ISBN 978-981-230-755-2. Retrieved 3 January 2023. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)
215. ^ "Orang-orang Sikh di Indonesia". kumparan (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 January 2023.
216. ^ Montes, Enrico Castro; Goddeeris, Idesbald (7 July 2020). "Hinduism in Belgium". Handbook of Hinduism in Europe (2 vols). Brill. pp. 849–863\. doi:10.1163/9789004432284_031. ISBN 9789004432284. S2CID 236835206 - via brill.com.
217. ^ "Why Sikhism as registered religion in Austria matters". The Times of India.
218. ^ Divya Goyal (28 July 2020). "Sikhs and Hindus of Afghanistan — how many remain, why they want to leave". Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
219. ^ Ruchi Kumar (1 January 2017). "The decline of Afghanistan's Hindu and Sikh communities". Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
220. ^ Ruchi Kumar (19 October 2017). "Afghan Hindus and Sikhs celebrate Diwali without 'pomp and splendour' amid fear". Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
221. ^ "Nearly 99% Of Hindus, Sikhs Left Afghanistan in Last Three decades". 21 June 2016. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
222. ^ Friel, Terry (20 January 2007). "Afghanistan's hated Sikhs yearn for India". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 June 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
223. ^ "Census of India – Religious Composition". Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
224. ^ Barwiński, Marek; Musiaka, Łukasz (2019). "The Sikhs – religion and nation. Chosen political and social determinants of functioning". Studia Z Geografii Politycznej I Historycznej. 8: 167–182\. doi:10.18778/2300-0562.08.09. hdl:11089/38783. S2CID 226730777.
225. ^ "sikh-population-as-per-census". Retrieved 29 December 2022.
226. ^ 2011 Indian Census
227. ^ Bajaj, Dr J. K. (28 December 2015). "Religion Data of Census 2011: The Declining share of Sikhs in the population of India". IndiaFacts. Retrieved 16 March 2025.
228. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (23 December 2013). "Religion (13) and Age Groups (8) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
229. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (23 January 2019). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Religion (108), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
230. ^ a b "KS209EW (Religion) - Nomis - 2011". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
231. ^ a b c "KS007 - Religion - Nomis - 2001". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
232. ^ "MLA Language Map Data Center". Modern Language Association.
233. ^ "Language Use in the United States: 2019" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
234. ^ "B16001LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME BY ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER". data.census.gov. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
235. ^ "Does the Census Bureau have data for religion?". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
236. ^ "About Sikhs". Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund. 29 November 2010. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
237. ^ "Sikhs in America". Kaur Foundation. 29 November 2010. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
238. ^ Ceri Peach and Richard Gale (2003). "Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs in the New Religious Landscape of England". Geographical Review. 93 (4): 469–490\. Bibcode:2003GeoRv..93..469P. doi:10.1111/j.1931-0846.2003.tb00043.x. JSTOR 30033938. S2CID 161320476. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
239. ^ "British Sikhs mark 300 years". British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
240. ^ "Summary: Religious Group Demographics". scotland.gov.uk. 20 June 2008. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
241. ^ "Census 2001: Religion (administrative geographies)". nisra.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 25 February 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
242. ^ "Table KS07c: Religion (full list with 10 or more persons)". nisra.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 25 February 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
243. ^ "Asian Americans: A Mosaic of Faiths". Pew Research Center. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
244. ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
245. ^ "ADP05ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
246. ^ "How Many U.S. Sikhs?". Pew Research Center. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
247. ^ "S0201 SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES Bangladeshi alone". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
248. ^ "S0201 SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES Asian Indian alone". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
249. ^ "S0201 SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES Nepalese alone". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
250. ^ "S0201 SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES Pakistani alone". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
251. ^ "S0201 SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES Sri Lankanalone". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
252. ^ "Social Realities of Indian Americans: Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
253. ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Canada". Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
254. ^ "Main language (detailed) in England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
255. ^ "Cultural diversity: Census". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 12 January 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
256. ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Canada". Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
257. ^ "Religion in England in Wales". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
258. ^ "Cultural diversity: Census". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 12 January 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
259. ^ The United States Census does not ask about religious affiliation.[235] Sikh organizations estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 750,000.[236][237] Before the United Kingdom Census started asking about religion in 2001, Sikh organizations estimated the British Sikh population to be as high as 750,000, but the 2001 census found the British Sikh population to be only 336,149.[238][239][231][240][241][242] Thus, population figures by Sikh organizations are likely overestimates. A comprehensive 2012 survey by the Pew Research Center estimated that 1% of Asian Americans and 5% of Indian Americans are Sikhs,[243] which would yield a Sikh population of approximately 200,000 in 2012 and 290,000 in 2021.[244][245] The most comprehensive way to estimate the Sikh American population is by comparing to the Punjabi American population.[246] Out of the 4,060,554 Americans who spoke a South Asian language at home in 2021, 318,588, or 7.85%, spoke Punjabi at home. This indicates that Punjabi Americans make up 7.85% of the South Asian American population of 5,492,692, and thus number 430,952.[247][248][249][250][251] This matches with a comprehensive 2020 survey of Indian Americans by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, which found that 8% of Indian Americans were Punjabi.[252] Using this same method, the populations of Punjabi Canadians, English Punjabis, and Punjabi Australians can be estimated at 1,146,900, 931,671, and 319,377 respectively, using language data from censuses conducted in 2021 in those nations.[253][254][255] Those nations also ask about religion in their censuses, with there being 771,790 Sikh Canadians, 520,092 English Sikhs, and 210,400 Sikh Australians in 2021.[256][257][258] Thus, the Sikh population was about 62.65% of the Punjabi population in those three countries combined. Using this ratio, the American Sikh population can be estimated at 269,986 in 2021. This ratio can also be used to estimate Sikh populations of American states, counties, and communities using population data of Punjabi speakers.
260. ^ a b "Australia-Community Profile".
261. ^ "2013 Census QuickStats about culture and identity – tables". Statistics New Zealand. 15 April 2014. Archived from the original on 24 May 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
262. ^ "06326: Members of congregations in religious and philosophical communities outside the Church of Norway, by religion/Philosophy 2006 - 2024. Statbank Norway".
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264. ^ https://www.nisra.gov.uk/system/files/statistics/census-2021-ms-b21.xlsx Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.
265. ^ http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census 2011_Excel/2011/QS218NI.xls nisra.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
266. ^ http://www.nisra.gov.uk/Census/2001 Census Results/Key Statistics/KeyStatisticstoOutputAreaLevel.html nisra.gov.uk.
267. ^ "TS030 - Religion Edit query". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
268. ^ "Census 2021 main statistics religion tables". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 7 September 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
269. ^ "MS-B21: Religion - full detail". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.
270. ^ "Scotland's Census 2011: Table KS209SCa" (PDF). scotlandcensus.gov.uk. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
271. ^ "Religious affiliations in the Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand". Figure NZ Trust. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
272. ^ "Does the Census Bureau have data for religion?". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
273. ^ "Asian Indian Was The Largest Asian Alone Population Group in 2020". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
274. ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
275. ^ While the U.S. Census does not ask about religion,[272] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[273] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion,[274] indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population. Similarly, the Sikh American populations can be estimated using census data.
276. ^ Joy, Shemin. "Caste survey in Bihar: OBCs, EBCs make up 63.13% of population; Gen Category 15.52%". Deccan Herald.
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281. ^ Note: As of 2021, Canadian electoral districts are the smallest sub-districts available, they are large neighbourhoods in comparison to English wards that are smaller in population. There is no smaller neighbourhood statistics in Canada which explains the lack of Canadian sub-districts in table - as smaller neighbourhoods are more likely to have larger presence of minorities. For data clarity, all available neighbourhood sub-district data (large or small) have been merged. English ward details: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/articles/buildacustomareaprofile/2023-01-17 Canadian electoral district details: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E
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* v
* t
* e

Religions by country

* Baháʼí Faith
* Buddhism
* Christianity
* Catholicism
* Eastern Orthodoxy
* Oriental Orthodoxy
* Protestantism
* Hinduism
* Islam
* Judaism
* Sikhism
* Zoroastrianism

* v
* t
* e

Sikhism

Glossary and History

Gurus|

* Guru Nanak
* Guru Angad
* Guru Amar Das
* Guru Ram Das
* Guru Arjan
* Guru Hargobind
* Guru Har Rai
* Guru Har Krishan
* Guru Tegh Bahadur
* Guru Gobind Singh
* Guru Granth Sahib (Sikh holy book)

Philosophy|

* Beliefs and principles
* Guru Maneyo Granth
* Sikh Rehat Maryada
* The 52 Hukams
* Prohibitions
* Cannabis and Sikhism
* Diet in Sikhism

Practices|

* Khalsa
* Sikh practices
* Sikh rites
* Ardās
* Kirtan
* Langar
* Naam Karan
* Anand Karaj
* Amrit Sanchar
* Amrit Velā
* Antam Sanskar
* Three Pillars
* Kirat Karo
* Naam Japo
* Vand Chhako
* The Five Ks
* Simran
* Sewa
* Charhdi Kala
* Dasvand
* Jhatka

Scripture|

* Guru Granth Sahib
* Dasam Granth
* Sarbloh Granth
* Gurbani
* Mul Mantar
* Japji Sahib
* Chaupai
* Jaap Sahib
* Rehras
* Sukhmani Sahib
* Tav-Prasad Savaiye

Architecture|

* Gurdwara
* Harmandir Sahib
* Janam Asthan
* Darbar Sahib Kartarpur
* List
* Africa
* Asia
* Europe
* North America
* Bahadurgarh Fort
* Fateh Burj
* Hazuri Bagh Baradari
* Kesgarh Qila
* Khanda museum
* Moti Bagh Palace
* Nanak Shahi bricks
* Pul Kanjri
* Qila Mubarak, Patiala
* Ramgarhia Bunga
* Samadhi of Ranjit Singh
* Well of Dina Nath

By country|

* Diaspora
* Afghanistan
* Australia
* Austria
* Bangladesh
* Belgium
* Canada
* Vancouver
* China
* Denmark
* Fiji
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* India
* Jammu and Kashmir
* Kochi
* Punjab
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Italy
* Japan
* Malaysia
* Nepal
* Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Niue
* Norway
* Pakistan
* Panama
* Poland
* Singapore
* South Africa
* South Korea
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Thailand
* United Arab Emirates
* United Kingdom
* England
* Scotland
* Wales
* Northern Ireland
* United States
* U.S. Military

Groups, sects
and communities|

* Sects of Sikhism
* Khalsa
* Mina
* Namdhari
* Nanakpanthi
* Nihang
* Nirankari
* Sewapanthi
* Nirmala
* Ramraiya
* Udasi
* Mazhabi Sikh
* Piara Singh Bhaniara
* Agrahari Sikh
* Jatha
* Damdami Taksal
* Akhand Kirtani Jatha
* Singh Sabha
* Contemporary Sant Mat movements
* 3HO

Sikh Empire|

* v
* t
* e

Sikh Empire

Rulers|

* Ranjit Singh
* Kharak Singh
* Nau Nihal Singh
* Chand Kaur
* Sher Singh
* Jind Kaur
* Duleep Singh

Military
conflicts|

| Mughal-Sikh Wars|

* Battle of Bhangani
* Nadaun
* Basoli
* 1st Anandpur
* 2nd Anandpur
* Chamkaur
* Sarsa
* Muktsar
* Sonepat
* Samana
* Sirhind
* Sadhaura
* Chappar Chiri
* Rahon
* Lohgarh
* Jalalabad
* Jammu
* Gurdas Nangal
* Delhi

|

Afghan–Sikh wars|

* Battle of Attock
* Battle of Multan
* Battle of Shopian
* Battle of Nowshera
* Battle of Peshawar
* Battle of Jamrud

First Anglo-Sikh War|

* Battle of Mudki
* Battle of Ferozeshah
* Battle of Aliwal
* Battle of Sobraon

Second Anglo-Sikh War|

* Battle of Ramnagar
* Battle of Chillianwala
* Siege of Multan
* Battle of Gujrat

Others|

Nepal–Sikh War, Sino-Sikh war, Katoch–Sikh War, Hill States–Sikh Wars, Panchayati Revolution, List of battles involving the Sikh Empire

Military forces|

* Sikh Khalsa Army
* Fauj-i-Khas
* Fauj-i-Ain
* Kampu-i-mu'alla

Adversaries|

* Mughal Empire
* Durrani Empire
* Emirate of Afghanistan
* British East India Company
* Kingdom of Nepal
* Qing Empire
* Hill States Alliance
* Kingdom of Mankera
* Namgyal dynasty
* Barakzai dynasty
* Sudhans of Poonch
* Maqpon Dynasty

Forts|

* Jamrud Fort
* Multan Fort
* Harkishangarh
* Lahore Fort
* Zorawar Fort
* Bahu Fort
* Gobindgarh Fort
* Phillaur Fort
* Firozpur Fort

Officials and warriors|

| Natives|

* Dhian Singh
* Diwan Dina Nath
* Diwan Bhawani Das
* Diwan Buta Singh
* Pratap Singh
* Misr Diwan Chand
* Diwan Mulraj
* Hari Singh Nalwa
* Mahan Singh Mirpuri
* Dewan Mokham Chand
* Khushal Singh Jamadar
* Zorawar Singh
* Tej Singh
* Lal Singh
* Gulab Singh
* Balbhadra Kunwar
* Jawahar Singh
* Mehta Basti Ram
* Sham Singh Attariwalla
* Sher Singh Attariwalla
* Chattar Singh Attariwalla
* Desa Singh Majithia
* Amar Singh Majithia
* Lehna Singh Majithia
* Ranjodh Singh Majithia
* Surat Singh Majithia
* Mangal Singh Ramgarhia
* Akali Phula Singh
* Chandu Lal
* Ajit Singh Sandhawalia
* Kahan Singh Nakai
* Sangat Singh Saini
* Hukma Singh
* Veer Singh
* Jarnail Ghaus Khan
* Ilahi Bakhsh
* Fakir Azizuddin
* Sultan Mahmud Khan
* Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana
* Sohan Lal Suri
* Moti Ram
* Diwan Ram Dayal
* Diwan Kirpa Ram

|

Foreigners|

* Jean-François Allard
* Jean-Baptiste Ventura
* Claude Auguste Court
* François Henri Mouton
* Alexander Gardner
* Paolo Avitabile
* Josiah Harlan
* Johann Martin Honigberger
* Henry Lawrence

Influential families|

* Sandhawalia family
* Majithia family
* Tiwana family
* Mian family

Treaties|

* Treaty of Amritsar (1809)
* Tripartite Treaty (1838)
* Treaty of Chushul (1842)
* Treaty of Lahore (1846)
* Treaty of Amritsar (1846)

Miscellaneous|

* Khalsa Darbar records

Festivals|

* Bandi Chhor Divas
* Hola Mohalla
* Maghi
* Mela Maghi
* Vaisakhi

Culture|

* Art
* Music
* Films
* Literature
* Music
* Names

Other topics|

* History
* Ik Onkar
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* Places
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* In Fiction
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* Punjab
* History
* Punjabis
* Punjabi language (Gurmukhī)
* Sacred trees

Takht|

* Akal Takht
* Damdama Sahib
* Kesgarh Sahib
* Hazur Sahib
* Patna Sahib

Outline Category

* v
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