Sinope (moon)

Moon of Jupiter

Sinope

Sinope photographed by the Haute-Provence Observatory on 14 August 1998

Discovery[1]
Discovered by| Seth B. Nicholson
Discovery site| Lick Observatory
Discovery date| 21 July 1914
Designations

Designation

| Jupiter IX
Pronunciation| /səˈnoʊpiː/[2][3]

Named after

| Σινώπη Sinōpē
Adjectives| Sinopean[4] /saɪnəˈpiːən/[5]
Orbital characteristics[6]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Observation arc| 103.87 yr (37,938 days)

Semi-major axis

| 0.1629144 AU (24,371,650 km)
Eccentricity| 0.3366550

Orbital period (sidereal)

| –777.29 d
(2.13 years)

Mean anomaly

| 71.53524°

Mean motion

| 0° 27m 47.33s / day
Inclination| 158.63840° (to ecliptic)

Longitude of ascending node

| 8.61437°

Argument of perihelion

| 60.30205°
Satellite of| Jupiter
Group| Pasiphae group
Physical characteristics

Mean diameter

| 35.0±0.6 km[7]

Synodic rotation period

| 13.16±0.10 h[8]
Albedo| 0.042±0.006[7]

Apparent magnitude

| 18.3[9]

Absolute magnitude (H)

| 11.1[6]

Sinope /səˈnoʊpiː/ is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Lick Observatory in 1914,[1] and is named after Sinope of Greek mythology.

Sinope did not receive its present name until 1975;[10][11] before then, it was simply known as Jupiter IX. It was sometimes called "Hades"[12] between 1955 and 1975.

## Orbit

[edit]

Pasiphae group.

Sinope orbits Jupiter on a high-eccentricity and high-inclination retrograde orbit. Its orbit is continuously changing due to solar and planetary perturbations.[13] Sinope is believed to belong to the Pasiphae group of retrograde irregular moons.[14] However, given its mean inclination and different colour, Sinope could be also an independent object, captured independently, unrelated to the collision and break-up at the origin of the group.[15] The diagram illustrates Sinope's orbital elements in relation to other satellites of the group.

Sinope is also known to be in a secular resonance with Jupiter, similar to Pasiphae. However, Sinope can drop out of this resonance and has periods of both resonant and non-resonant behaviour in time scales of 107 years.[16]

## Physical characteristics

[edit]

Sinope observed by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) spacecraft in 2014

From measurements of its thermal emission, Sinope has an estimated diameter of 35 km (22 mi).[7] Sinope is pale red in color (colour indices V=18.63 B−V=0.84, R−V=0.46),[15] and it falls under the light red color-class, comparable to P-type asteroids and D-type asteroids. This sets it apart from Pasiphae, which is closer to C-type asteroids.

Sinope's infrared spectrum is similar to those of D-type asteroids but different from that of Pasiphae.[17] These dissimilarities of the physical parameters suggest a different origin from the core members of the group.

## See also

[edit]

* Sinope in fiction

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Nicholson, S. B. (1914). "Discovery of the Ninth Satellite of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 26 (1): 197–198\. Bibcode:1914PASP...26..197N. doi:10.1086/122336. PMC 1090718. PMID 16586574.
2. ^ "Sinope". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.
3. ^ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
4. ^ Sergey Vnukov (2010) "Sinopean Amphorae of the Roman Period", Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 16
5. ^ Hector Stuart (1876) Ben Nebo, and Other Poems, p. 22
6. ^ a b "M.P.C. 111777" (PDF). Minor Planet Circular. Minor Planet Center. 25 September 2018.
7. ^ a b c Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Mainzer, A. K.; Masiero, J. R.; Nugent, C. R.; Cutri, R. M.; et al. (August 2015). "NEOWISE: Observations of the Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn". The Astrophysical Journal. 809 (1): 9. arXiv:1505.07820. Bibcode:2015ApJ...809....3G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/3. S2CID 5834661. 3.
8. ^ Luu, Jane (September 1991). "CCD photometry and spectroscopy of the outer Jovian satellites". Astronomical Journal. 102: 1213–1225\. Bibcode:1991AJ....102.1213L. doi:10.1086/115949. ISSN 0004-6256.
9. ^ Sheppard, Scott. "Scott S. Sheppard - Jupiter Moons". Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Carnegie Institution for Science. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
10. ^ Nicholson, S. B. (April 1939). "The Satellites of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 51 (300): 85–94\. Bibcode:1939PASP...51...85N. doi:10.1086/125010. (in which he declines to name the recently discovered satellites (pp. 93–94))
11. ^ IAUC 2846: Satellites of Jupiter 1974 October (naming the moon)
12. ^ Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia; Katherine Haramundanis (1970). Introduction to Astronomy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-478107-4.
13. ^ Jacobson, R. A. (2000). "The orbits of outer Jovian satellites" (PDF). Astronomical Journal. 120 (5): 2679–2686\. Bibcode:2000AJ....120.2679J. doi:10.1086/316817. S2CID 120372170.
14. ^ Sheppard, S. S.; and Jewitt, D. C.; An Abundant Population of Small Irregular Satellites Around Jupiter, Nature, Vol. 423 (May 2003), pp. 261-263
15. ^ a b Grav, T.; Holman, M. J.; Gladman, B. J.; and Aksnes, K.; Photometric Survey of the Irregular Satellites, Icarus, Vol. 166 (2003), pp. 33-45
16. ^ Nesvorný, D.; Beaugé, C. & Dones, L. (2004). "Collisional Origin of Families of Irregular Satellites". The Astronomical Journal. 127 (3): 1768–1783\. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.1768N. doi:10.1086/382099.
17. ^ Grav, T.; Holman, M. J. (2004). "Near-Infrared Photometry of the Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn". The Astrophysical Journal. 605 (2): L141 – L144. arXiv:astro-ph/0312571. Bibcode:2004ApJ...605L.141G. doi:10.1086/420881. S2CID 15665146.

## External links

[edit]

* Sinope Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration
* David Jewitt pages
* Jupiter's Known Satellites (by Scott S. Sheppard)
* Ephemeris IAU-MPC NSES

* v
* t
* e

Moons of Jupiter

Listed in increasing approximate distance from Jupiter

Inner moons|

* Metis
* Adrastea
* Amalthea
* Thebe

Galilean moons|

* Io
* Europa
* Ganymede
* Callisto

Themisto|

* Themisto

Himalia group (9)|

* Leda
* Ersa
* S/2018 J 2
* Himalia
* Pandia
* Lysithea
* Elara
* S/2011 J 3
* Dia

Carpo group (2)|

* S/2018 J 4
* Carpo

Valetudo|

* Valetudo

Ananke group (27)|

* Euporie
* Jupiter LV
* Eupheme
* S/2021 J 3
* Jupiter LII
* Jupiter LIV
* Mneme
* Euanthe
* S/2003 J 16
* Harpalyke
* Orthosie
* Helike
* S/2021 J 2
* Praxidike
* Jupiter LXIV
* S/2021 J 1
* S/2003 J 12
* Jupiter LXVIII
* Thelxinoe
* Thyone
* S/2003 J 2
* S/2022 J 3
* Ananke
* Iocaste
* S/2017 J 10
* Hermippe
* Jupiter LXX

Carme group (31)|

* S/2016 J 3
* S/2022 J 1
* Jupiter LXIX
* Pasithee
* S/2021 J 6
* S/2003 J 24
* Chaldene
* Jupiter LXIII
* Isonoe
* S/2017 J 11
* Kallichore
* S/2021 J 4
* Erinome
* Kale
* Eirene
* Aitne
* Eukelade
* S/2022 J 2
* Arche
* Taygete
* Jupiter LXXII
* Carme
* Herse
* Jupiter LXI
* Jupiter LI
* S/2003 J 9
* Jupiter LXVI
* Kalyke
* S/2003 J 10
* S/2018 J 3
* S/2021 J 5

Pasiphae group (18)|

* Philophrosyne
* Eurydome
* Jupiter LVI
* S/2003 J 4
* S/2016 J 4
* Jupiter LXVII
* Hegemone
* Pasiphae
* Sponde
* Megaclite
* Cyllene
* Sinope
* Jupiter LIX
* Aoede
* Autonoe
* Callirrhoe
* S/2003 J 23
* Kore

See also|

* Rings of Jupiter
* Jupiter's moons in fiction

* Category

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