Skagerrak-Centered Large Igneous Province

Area of igneous rock in Skagerrak strait

The Skagerrak-Centered Large Igneous Province (SCLIP), also known as the European-Northwest African Large Igneous Province (EUNWA),[1] and Jutland LIP, is a 300 million year old (Ma) large igneous province (LIP) centered on what is today the Skagerrak strait in north-western Europe (57°50′N 9°04′E﻿ / ﻿57.833°N 9.067°E﻿ / 57.833; 9.067, paleocoordinates[2] 11°N 16°E﻿ / ﻿11°N 16°E﻿ / 11; 16 (south of Lake Chad)). It was named by Torsvik et al. 2008.

The SCLIP covered an area of at least 0.5×10 ~~^~~ 6 km2 (0.19×10 ~~^~~ 6 sq mi) and includes the Oslo and Skagerrak grabens, areas in south-western Sweden, Scotland, northern England, and the central North Sea. The SCLIP erupted at 297±4 Ma.[3] It produced 228,000 km2 of currently exposed volcanic material that can be found in Skagerrak, the Oslo Fjord, central North Sea, North-east Germany; 14,000 km2 of sills in Scotland, England, Germany, The Netherlands, and Sweden; and 3,353 km total length of dykes in Scotland, Norway, and Sweden.[4] The period of eruptions comprised a relatively short time span, perhaps less than 4 Ma, but magma propagated more than 1,000 km (620 mi) from the plume centre.[5]

Plumes derived from a superplume (or Large Low Shear Velocity Province (LLSVP)) overlay the boundary of the superplume at the core-mantle boundary (CMB).[6] To test whether the SCLIP met these criteria, Torsvik et al. used a shear-wave tomographic model of the mantle, in which the SCLIP indeed do project down to the margin of the African superplume at the CMB at a depth of 2800 km.[2] A series of LIPs are associated with the African superplume, of which the SCLIP is the oldest: SCLIP (300 Ma), Bachu (275 Ma), Emeishan (260 Ma), Siberian (250 Ma), and Central Atlantic (200 Ma). Its possible that these plumes together caused the break-up of Pangaea and therefore play an important role in the supercontinent cycle.[7]

The SCLIP is associated with the Moscovian and Kasimovian stages of the Carboniferous rainforest collapse around 296-310 Ma together with the Siberian Barguzin-Vitim LIP. [8]

## See also

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* Avalonia
* List of flood basalt provinces
* Central Atlantic magmatic province, Late Triassic to Early Jurassic igneous province in the area
* Central Skåne Volcanic Province, Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous igneous province in southern Sweden

## References

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1. ^ E.g. Doblas et al. 1998, Abstract; Bryan & Ferrari 2013, Fig. 1, p. 1054
2. ^ a b Torsvik et al. 2008, Relationship of the Skagerrak LIP eruption site to the deep mantle, pp. 447–448
3. ^ Torsvik et al. 2008, The Skagerrak-Centered Large Igneous Province, pp. 444–445
4. ^ Torsvik et al. 2008, Fig. 1, p. 445
5. ^ Torsvik et al. 2008, Conclusions, p. 451
6. ^ Torsvik et al. 2008, Was the SCLIP generated by a mantle plume?, pp. 445-446
7. ^ Li & Zhong 2009, Superplume record during the Pangean cycle, pp. 146–147
8. ^ Kravchinsky 2012, Table 1, p. 33

### Bibliography

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* Bryan, S. E.; Ferrari, L. (2013). "Large igneous provinces and silicic large igneous provinces: Progress in our understanding over the last 25 years". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 125 (7–8): 1053–1078\. Bibcode:2013GSAB..125.1053B. doi:10.1130/B30820.1. Retrieved 3 April 2016.7–8&rft.pages=1053-1078&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1130/B30820.1&rft_id=info:bibcode/2013GSAB..125.1053B&rft.aulast=Bryan&rft.aufirst=S.+E.&rft.au=Ferrari,+L.&rft_id=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257652601&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Skagerrak-Centered+Large+Igneous+Province" class="Z3988">
* Doblas, M.; Oyarzun, R.; Lopez-Ruiz, J.; Cebriá, J. M.; Youbi, N.; Mahecha, V.; Lago, M.; Pocoví, A.; Cabanis, B. (1998). "Permo-Carboniferous volcanism in Europe and northwest Africa: a superplume exhaust valve in the centre of Pangaea?". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 26 (1): 89–99\. Bibcode:1998JAfES..26...89D. doi:10.1016/S0899-5362(97)00138-3. Retrieved 3 April 2016.89-99&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/S0899-5362(97)00138-3&rft_id=info:bibcode/1998JAfES..26...89D&rft.aulast=Doblas&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Oyarzun,+R.&rft.au=Lopez-Ruiz,+J.&rft.au=Cebriá,+J.+M.&rft.au=Youbi,+N.&rft.au=Mahecha,+V.&rft.au=Lago,+M.&rft.au=Pocoví,+A.&rft.au=Cabanis,+B.&rft_id=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262757629&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Skagerrak-Centered+Large+Igneous+Province" class="Z3988">
* Kravchinsky, V. A. (2012). "Paleozoic large igneous provinces of Northern Eurasia: Correlation with mass extinction events". Global and Planetary Change. 86–87: 31–36\. Bibcode:2012GPC....86...31K. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.01.007. Retrieved 3 April 2016.31-36&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.01.007&rft_id=info:bibcode/2012GPC....86...31K&rft.aulast=Kravchinsky&rft.aufirst=V.+A.&rft_id=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255172688&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Skagerrak-Centered+Large+Igneous+Province" class="Z3988">
* Li, Z. X.; Zhong, S. (2009). "Supercontinent–superplume coupling, true polar wander and plume mobility: plate dominance in whole-mantle tectonics" (PDF). Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 176 (3): 143–156\. Bibcode:2009PEPI..176..143L. doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2009.05.004. Retrieved 3 April 2016.143-156&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.pepi.2009.05.004&rft_id=info:bibcode/2009PEPI..176..143L&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Z.+X.&rft.au=Zhong,+S.&rft_id=https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/~mjelline/453website/eosc453/E_prints/newfor13/Li_Zhong_PEPI_2009.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Skagerrak-Centered+Large+Igneous+Province" class="Z3988">
* Torsvik, T. H.; Smethurst, M. A.; Burke, K.; Steinberger, B. (2008). "Long term stability in deep mantle structure: Evidence from the ~300 Ma Skagerrak-Centered Large Igneous Province (the SCLIP)" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 267 (3): 444–452\. Bibcode:2008E&PSL.267..444T. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.12.004. Retrieved 3 April 2016.444-452&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.12.004&rft_id=info:bibcode/2008E&PSL.267..444T;&rft.aulast=Torsvik&rft.aufirst=T.+H.&rft.au=Smethurst,+M.+A.&rft.au=Burke,+K.&rft.au=Steinberger,+B.&rft_id=http://www.earthdynamics.org/torsvik/torsvik-papers/2008/2008-Torsvik-Smethurst-etal-EPSL.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Skagerrak-Centered+Large+Igneous+Province" class="Z3988">

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