Social conservatism

Political ideology advocating traditional values and power structures

Not to be confused with Paternalistic conservatism.

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Conservatism

Variants

* Authoritarian
* Corporatist
* Cultural
* Fiscal
* Green
* Liberal
* Libertarian
* Moderate
* National
* Paternalistic
* Populist
* Pragmatic
* Progressive
* Reactionary
* Religious
* Social
* Traditionalist
* Ultra

Principles

* Ancestral worship
* Authority
* Traditional
* Balance of power
* Class collaboration
* Collective identity
* Cultural heritage
* Cultural values
* Culture of life
* Pro-Life
* Discipline
* Duty
* Elitism
* Aristocracy
* Meritocracy
* Noblesse oblige
* Ethical order
* Familialism
* Family as a state model
* Family values
* Fundamentalism
* Gender roles
* Complementarianism
* Essentialism
* Historism
* Honour
* Imperialism
* Law and order
* Loyalty
* Maternalism
* Monarchism
* Royalism
* Moral absolutism
* Natalism
* Nationalism
* Nativism
* Natural law
* Norms
* Customs
* Mores
* Ordered liberty
* Organicism
* Organised religion
* State
* Orthodoxy
* Patriarchy
* Patriarchalism
* Patriotism
* Peace through strength
* Property rights
* Public morality
* Rule of law
* Social hierarchy
* Social institutions
* Social order
* Sovereignty
* Stewardship
* Subsidiarity
* Tradition

Intellectuals

* Johnson
* Hume
* Burke
* More
* Maistre
* Bonald
* Chateaubriand
* Czartoryski
* Coleridge
* Karamzin
* Savigny
* Carlyle
* Ranke
* Newman
* Tocqueville
* Dostoevsky
* Taine
* Le Bon
* Nordau
* Belloc
* Iorga
* Chesterton
* Spengler
* Jabotinsky
* Ilyin
* Savarkar
* Schmitt
* Eliot
* Mannheim
* Jünger
* Evola
* Strauss
* Röpke
* Gadamer
* Freyre
* Voegelin
* Oakeshott
* Burnham
* Lefebvre
* Qutb
* Kuehnelt-Leddihn
* Gómez Dávila
* Kirk
* Solzhenitsyn
* Koselleck
* Mishima
* Buckley
* Sowell
* Mansfield
* Scruton
* Hoppe
* Dugin
* Peterson

Politicians

* Adams
* Pitt
* Canning
* Metternich
* Disraeli
* Bismarck
* Salisbury
* Dmowski
* Mannerheim
* Baldwin
* Maurras
* Horthy
* Metaxas
* Churchill
* Adenauer
* De Gasperi
* Chiang
* Salazar
* De Gaulle
* Dollfuss
* Franco
* Khomeini
* Reagan
* Powell
* Pinochet
* Marcos
* Park
* Smith
* Reza Shah
* Suharto
* Lee
* Zia
* Vajpayee
* Thatcher
* Kohl
* Fujimori
* Trump
* Bush
* Kaczyński
* Netanyahu
* Modi
* Putin
* Erdoğan
* Abe
* Sarkozy
* Bolsonaro
* Yoon
* Orbán
* Milei
* Meloni
* Bukele

Religion

* Christian democracy
* Christian right
* Confucianism
* Clericalism
* Hindutva
* Islamism
* Jewish conservatism
* Religious Zionism
* Theravada Buddhism
* Traditionalist Catholicism
* Integralism
* Ultramontanism
* Traditionalist School

Personal variants

* Berlusconism
* Bukelism
* Cameronism
* Chiangism
* Erdoğanism
* Francoism
* Fujimorism
* Gaullism
* Janismo
* Kaczyzm
* Maurrassisme
* Mellismo
* Metaxism
* Powellism
* Pinochetism
* Putinism
* Qutbism
* Khomeinism
* Reaganism
* Sarkozysm
* Thatcherism
* Trumpism
* Ziaism

National variants

* Australia
* Austria
* Bangladesh
* Belgium
* Belize
* Brazil
* Canada
* Chile
* China
* Hong Kong
* Colombia
* Cuba
* Denmark
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Guatemala
* Hungary
* Iceland
* India
* Iran
* Israel
* Italy
* Japan
* Luxembourg
* Malaysia
* Mexico
* Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Norway
* Pakistan
* Panama
* Peru
* Poland
* Russia
* Serbia
* Singapore
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* South Korea
* Taiwan
* Turkey
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* United Kingdom
* Toryism
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Related ideologies

* Agrarianism
* Black conservatism
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* Conservative feminism
* Clerical fascism
* Communitarianism
* Conservative liberalism
* Conservative socialism
* Corporatism
* Hispanic conservatism
* In US
* LGBTQ conservatism
* Ordoliberalism
* Para-fascism

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Social conservatism is a political philosophy and a variety of conservatism which places emphasis on traditional social structures over social pluralism.[1][2] Social conservatives organize in favor of duty, traditional values, and social institutions, such as traditional family structures, gender roles, sexual relations, national patriotism, and religious traditions.[3][4] Social conservatism is usually skeptical of social change, instead tending to support the status quo concerning social issues.[4]

Social conservatives also value the rights of religious institutions to participate in the public sphere, thus often supporting government-religious endorsement and opposing state atheism, and in some cases opposing secularism.[5][6][7]

Social conservatism, as a movement, is largely an outgrowth of traditionalist conservatism. The key difference is that traditional conservatism is broader and includes philosophical considerations, whereas social conservatism is largely focused on just moralism.

## Social conservatism and other ideological views

[edit]

There is overlap between social conservatism and paleoconservatism, in that they both support and value traditional social forms.[8]

Social conservatism is not to be confused with economically interventionist conservatism, where conservative ideas are combined with Keynesian economics and a welfare state as practised by some European conservatives (e.g. one-nation conservatives in the United Kingdom, Gaullists in France). Some social conservatives support free trade and laissez faire market approaches to economic and fiscal issues, but social conservatives may also support economic intervention where the intervention serves moral or cultural aims. Historian Jon Wiener has described social conservatism as historically the result of an appeal from "elitist preservationists" to lower-class workers to 'protect' wealth from immigration.[1][9]

Many social conservatives support a balance between protectionism and a free market. This concern for material welfare, like advocacy of traditional mores, will often have a basis in religion. Examples include the Christian Social Union of Bavaria, the Family First Party and Katter's Australian Party, and the communitarian movement in the United States.[10]

## Social conservatism by country

[edit]

### Australia

[edit]

Further information: Conservatism in Australia

Mainstream conservatism in Australia generally incorporates liberalism, hence liberal conservatism being the primary ideology of the major centre-right coalition in Australia, the Liberal-National Coalition. Therefore, the Coalition, while having members with some socially conservative views, is not considered socially conservative. However, both social conservatism and right-wing populism are present among right-wing minor parties, such as Pauline Hanson's One Nation, the United Australia Party (UAP) and Katter's Australian Party (KAP) amongst others.

Nevertheless, the National Right (also known as the "Conservative" faction or the "Right" faction) serves as the party's social conservative faction, although the party is still considered a broad church conservative party and factions do collaborate with each other; for example, the New South Wales Liberal Party often chooses a leadership team consisting of both a member of the more centrist Moderate faction and a member of the Right.

Social conservatives in Australia often need to take a broad church stance while governing. For example, former New South Wales Liberal Party leader and state premier, Dominic Perrottet, a conservative Catholic, despite having voted against legalising same-sex marriage in 2018 and opposing abortion, followed Labor leader Chris Minns' in supporting a 2023 state-wide ban on gay conversion therapy,[11] whilst also vowing to protect religious freedom and preaching.[12]

During the Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey of 2018, which successfully sought to legalise same-sex marriage in Australia, the Coalition government led by Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull allowed its members a conscience vote on the issue. While many (including Turnbull) were in favour, some were opposed, but supported holding a plebiscite on the matter. Federal Coalition MPs who opposed same-sex marriage during the debate included former Prime Minister Tony Abbott, Peter Dutton, Scott Morrison and many others. However, when the plebiscite was successful (with 61.6% in favour), a vote needed to be held in both chambers of Parliament. The Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Act 2017 was tabled in the Senate and was subsequently passed in the House of Representatives, with just three votes against (excluding the members who abstained). Due to their respective electorates delivering a majority "yes" vote (as well as the entire country), members such as Dutton (who voted "no" in the plebiscite) voted in favour of the bill after his seat of Dickson voted 65.16% in favour.

### Canada

[edit]

Main article: Social conservatism in Canada

In Canada, social conservatism, though widespread, is not as prominent in the public sphere as in the United States. It is prevalent in all areas of the country but is seen as being more prominent in rural areas. It is also a significant influence on the ideological and political culture of the western provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia.[citation needed]

Compared to social conservatism in the United States, social conservatism has not been as influential in Canada. The main reason is that the neoconservative style of politics as promoted by leaders such as former Prime Ministers such as Paul Martin and Stephen Harper have focused on fiscal conservatism, with little or no emphasis on moral or social conservatism.[13] Without a specific, large political party behind them, social conservatives have divided their votes and can be found in all political parties.[14]

Social conservatives often felt that they were being sidelined by officials in the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and its leadership of so-called "Red Tories" for the last half of the twentieth century and therefore many eventually made their political home with parties such as the Social Credit Party of Canada and the Reform Party of Canada. Despite the Reform Party being dominated by social conservatives, leader Preston Manning, seeking greater national support for the party, was reluctant for the party to wholly embrace socially conservative values. This led to his deposition as leader of the party (now called Canadian Alliance) in favor of social conservative Stockwell Day.[15] The party's successor, the Conservative Party of Canada, despite having a number of socially conservative members and cabinet ministers, has chosen so far not to focus on socially conservative issues in its platform. This was most recently exemplified on two occasions in 2012 when the current Conservative Party of Canada declared they had no intention to repeal same-sex marriage or abortion laws.[16]

### Islamic world

[edit]

Further information: Sharia and Conservatism in Islam

Due to their interpretation of Islamic law also known as Shariah, they have some differences from social conservatism as understood in the nations of West Europe, North America and Oceania.[citation needed]

#### Arab world

[edit]

Further information: Arab world, Islam, and Censorship

The Arab world has recently[when?] been more conservative in social and moral issues due to the Arab spring.[citation needed] An example of a socially conservative party is the Justice and Development Party of Morocco.

#### Pakistan

[edit]

Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal is an alliance of socially conservative and Islamist political parties in Pakistan.

### India

[edit]

#### Hindu social conservatism

[edit]

Further information: Shiv Sena, Bharatiya Janata Party, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, Hindu nationalism, and Hindutva

Hindu social conservatism in India in the twenty first century has developed into an influential movement, represented in the political arena by the right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party. Hindu social conservatism, also known as the Hindutva movement, is spearheaded by the voluntary non-governmental organization Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. The core philosophy of this ideology is nativism, and it sees Hinduism as a national identity, rather than a religious one. Due to an inclination towards nativism, much of its platform is based on the belief that Islamic and Christian denominations in India are the result of occupations, and, therefore, these groups should be uprooted from the Indian subcontinent by converting their members back to Hinduism.

In terms of political positions, Hindu social conservatives in India seek to institutionalize a Uniform Civil Code (which is also a directive under Article 44 of the Constitution of India) for members of all religions,[17] over the current scheme of different personal laws for different religions. For instance, polygamy is legal for Muslims in India, but not Hindus.

#### Muslim social conservatism

[edit]

Further information: Lakshar-e-Taiba

There are several socially conservative Muslim organisations in India, ranging from groups such as the Indian Union Muslim League which aim to promote the preservation of Indian Muslim culture as a part of the nation's identity and history.[citation needed]

### South Africa

[edit]

Social conservatism had an important place in Apartheid South Africa ruled by the National Party. Pornography,[18] gambling[19] and other activities that were deemed undesirable were severely restricted. The majority of businesses were forbidden from doing business on Sunday.[20]

### United States

[edit]

Main article: Social conservatism in the United States

Social conservatism in the United States is a right-wing political ideology that opposes social progressivism. It is centered on the preservation of what adherents often call 'traditional' or 'family values', though the accepted aims of the movement often vary amongst the organisations it comprises, making it hard to generalise about ideological preferences. There are, however, a number of general principles to which at least a majority of social conservatives adhere, such as opposition to abortion and opposition to same-sex marriage.[1][21][22][23] Sociologist Harry F. Dahms suggests that Christian doctrinal conservatives (anti-abortion, anti-same-sex marriage) and gun-use conservatives (such as supporters and members of the National Rifle Association of America (NRA)) form two domains of ideology within American social conservatism.[24]

The Republican Party is the largest United States political party with socially conservative ideals incorporated into its platform. Other socially conservative parties include the American Solidarity Party, and the Constitution Party.

Social conservatives are strongest in the South, where they are a mainstream political force with aspirations to translate those ideals using the party platform nationally. Supporters of social conservatism played a major role in the political coalitions of Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush.[25]

### Other areas

[edit]

There are also social conservative movements in many other parts of the world, such as Latin America, Eastern Europe, the Balkans, the Caucasus, Central Europe, Mediterranean countries, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.

## Examples of social conservative political parties

[edit]

### Argentina

[edit]

* La Libertad Avanza

### Armenia

[edit]

* Conservative Party
* Constitutional Rights Union
* For Social Justice
* National Christian Party
* National Democratic Alliance
* Pan-Armenian National Agreement
* Prosperous Armenia
* Republican Party of Armenia

### Australia

[edit]

* Liberal Party of Australia (factions)
* National Party of Australia (factions)
* Family First Party
* Democratic Labour Party
* Katter's Australian Party
* Pauline Hanson's One Nation
* Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party
* United Australia Party

### Austria

[edit]

* Freedom Party of Austria
* Austrian People's Party
* Christian Party of Austria

### Belgium

[edit]

* New-Flemish Alliance
* Vlaams Belang

### Bosnia and Herzegovina

[edit]

* Alliance of Independent Social Democrats

### Brazil

[edit]

* Brazilian Labour Renewal Party
* Brazilian Woman's Party
* Christian Democracy
* Liberal Party
* Republicans

### Bulgaria

[edit]

* GERB
* IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement
* Bulgarian Socialist Party (factions)

### Cambodia

[edit]

* Cambodian People's Party

### Canada

[edit]

* Conservative Party of Canada (factions)
* Christian Heritage Party of Canada
* People's Party of Canada (factions)

### Chile

[edit]

* Christian Social Party (PDC)
* Chilean Republican Party (PLR)
* Independent Democratic Union (UDI)

### Czech Republic

[edit]

* Freedom and Direct Democracy
* KDU-ČSL

### Denmark

[edit]

* Danish People's Party

### El Salvador

[edit]

* Nuevas Ideas
* Nationalist Republican Alliance

### Estonia

[edit]

* Conservative People's Party
* Isamaa

### Faroe Islands

[edit]

* Centre Party

### Fiji

[edit]

* Social Democratic Liberal Party

### Finland

[edit]

* Finns Party
* Christian Democrats

### France

[edit]

* Movement for France
* National Rally
* VIA, the Way of the People

### Germany

[edit]

* Christian Democratic Union of Germany
* Alternative for Germany
* Family Party of Germany
* Alliance C – Christians for Germany
* Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht

### Georgia

[edit]

* Georgian Dream
* Alliance of Patriots of Georgia

### Greece

[edit]

* New Democracy (factions)
* Greek Solution
* Independent Greeks

### Hungary

[edit]

* Fidesz
* Christian Democratic People's Party
* Our Homeland Movement
* Jobbik

### India

[edit]

* Bharatiya Janata Party
* All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
* Shiv Sena
* Maharashtra Navnirman Sena
* National People's Party

### Ireland

[edit]

* Aontú
* Renua

### Israel

[edit]

* Noam
* Shas
* Agudat Yisrael
* Degel HaTorah
* United Torah Judaism
* National Religious Party–Religious Zionism
* Otzma Yehudit
* Yachad
* United Arab List

### Italy

[edit]

* The People of the Family[26] (Il Popolo della Famiglia)
* Christian Italy[27] (Italia Cristiana)
* Union of the Centre[28][29]

### Japan

[edit]

* Liberal Democratic Party[30][31][32][33]
* Komeito[34]

### Luxembourg

[edit]

* Alternative Democratic Reform Party
* Déi Konservativ

### Mexico

[edit]

* National Action Party
* Institutional Revolutionary Party
* Social Encounter Party

### Moldova

[edit]

* Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova
* Victory
* Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova

### Netherlands

[edit]

* Christian Union
* Reformed Political Party (SGP)
* Denk

### New Zealand

[edit]

* National Party (factions)
* New Conservative Party
* New Zealand First

### Norway

[edit]

* Christian Democratic Party
* Conservative

### Philippines

[edit]

* National Unity Party[35]
* Nationalist People's Coalition[36][37]

### Poland

[edit]

* Law and Justice
* United Poland
* The Republicans
* Polish People's Party
* Confederation Liberty and Independence

### Portugal

[edit]

* Chega

### Romania

[edit]

* Social Democratic Party
* National Liberal Party
* People's Movement Party
* Alliance for the Union of Romanians
* Ecologist Party of Romania
* Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania

### Russia

[edit]

* United Russia
* CPRF
* LDPR
* A Just Russia

### Slovakia

[edit]

* Christian Democratic Movement
* Direction – Social Democracy
* Slovak National Party
* We Are Family
* People's Party Our Slovakia
* Republic
* Christian Union

### Spain

[edit]

* Spanish Alternative
* Vox

### Serbia

[edit]

* Serbian Radical Party
* Dveri
* Healthy Serbia
* Better Serbia
* Democratic Party of Serbia
* People's Freedom Movement
* Serbian Party Oathkeepers
* Serbian Right

### Sweden

[edit]

* Sweden Democrats
* Christian Democrats
* Alternative for Sweden

### Switzerland

[edit]

* Swiss People's Party
* Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland
* Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland

### Turkey

[edit]

* Justice and Development Party
* Felicity Party
* Great Unity Party

### Ukraine

[edit]

* European Solidarity
* Batkivshchyna

### United Kingdom

[edit]

* Conservative Party (factions)
* Heritage Party
* UK Independence Party
* Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)
* Workers Party of Britain
* Scottish Family Party

#### Northern Ireland

[edit]

* Democratic Unionist Party[38]
* Traditional Unionist Voice
* Aontú

### United States

[edit]

* Republican Party (factions)
* Constitution Party
* American Solidarity Party
* Christian Liberty Party
* Alaskan Independence Party
* American Independent Party

## Social conservative factions of political parties

[edit]

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

* Blue Labour (Labour Party (UK))
* Cornerstone Group (Conservative Party (UK))
* House Freedom Caucus (Republican Party (USA))
* National Right (Liberal Party of Australia)
* Republican Study Committee (Republican Party (USA))

## See also

[edit]

* Conservatism portal

* Christian right
* Social inertia: the prevention of social change
* Social liberalism
* Victorian morality
* High Tory
* Paleoconservatism
* Traditionalist conservatism
* Social conservatism in Canada
* Social conservatism in the United States
* Anti-abortion movement
* Family values
* List of economic left and socially conservative political parties

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Wiener, Jonathan (Spring 1973). "Review: The Politics of Unreason: Right-Wing Extremism in America, 1790-1970". The Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 3 (4). MIT Press: 791–793\. doi:10.2307/202704. JSTOR 202704.
2. ^ Cooper, Melinda (2019). Family Values: Between Neoliberalism and the New Social Conservatism. Zone Books.
3. ^ Smith, Robert B. (2014). Harry F. Dahms (ed.). Social Conservatism, Distractors, and Authoritarianism: Axiological versus instrumental rationality. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 101\. ISBN 978-1-78441-222-7.
4. ^ a b "Social Conservatism". Populism Studies. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
5. ^ Dean, John W. (11 July 2006). Conservatives Without Conscience. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 77\. ISBN 978-1-101-20137-4.
6. ^ Wald, Kenneth D.; Calhoun-Brown, Allison (2007). Religion and Politics in the United States. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 240\. ISBN 978-0-7425-4041-5.
7. ^ Booten, Matthew (11 May 2020). "19 different types of conservatives". Politic-Ed. "Social conservatism often opposes state-atheism, however not necessarily atheism itself. They believe that if we allow states to stop believing in God, that societal order will simply break down as a result."
8. ^ Rowland, Howard S. (2010). Things to Think About. Xlibris Corporation. p. 171\. ISBN 978-1-4535-7128-6.[self-published source]
9. ^ West, Ed (2020). Small Men on the Wrong Side of History: The Decline, Fall and Unlikely Return of Conservatism.
10. ^ Robin, Corey. The Reactionary Mind: Conservatism from Edmund Burke to Donald Trump. Oxford University Press.
11. ^ "NSW Premier Dominic Perrottet agrees to gay conversion therapy ban".
12. ^ "NSW election 2023: Perrottet puts caveats on gay conversion law". 22 February 2023.
13. ^ John Middlemist Herrick and Paul H. Stuart, eds. Encyclopedia of social welfare history in North America (2005) p. 143
14. ^ David M. Haskell, Through a lens darkly: how the news media perceive and portray evangelicals (2009) p 57
15. ^ Murray Dobbin, Preston Manning and the Reform Party (1991)
16. ^ "Same-sex marriages declared legal and valid by federal justice minister Rob Nicholson". National Post. 13 January 2012.
17. ^ Press Trust of India (2 August 2003). "Muslim leaders oppose uniform civil code". Express India. Archived from the original on 25 September 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
18. ^ JCW Van Rooyen, Censorship in South Africa (Cape Town: Juta and Co., 1987),
19. ^ Bet and board in the new South Africa. (legalisation of gambling could lead to growth of casinos, lotteries)(Brief Article)The Economist (US) | 5 August 1995
20. ^ Apartheid mythology and symbolism. desegregated and re-invented in the service of nation building in the new South Africa: the covenant and the battle of Blood/Ncome River
21. ^ Riley, Jim. "Liberalism & Conservatism". academic.regis.edu. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
22. ^ Farney, James Harold (2012). Social Conservatives and Party Politics in Canada and the United States. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-1260-0.
23. ^ Cramer, Clayton E. (2016). Social Conservatism in An Age of Revolution: Legislating Christian Morality in Revolutionary America.
24. ^ Smith, Robert B. (2014). Harry F. Dahms (ed.). Social Conservatism, Distractors, and Authoritarianism: Axiological versus instrumental rationality. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 101\. ISBN 978-1-78441-222-7.
25. ^ Darren Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sun Belt: Plain-Folk Religion, Grassroots Politics, and the Rise of Evangelical Conservatism (W.W. Norton & Company; 2010) shows how migrants to Southern California from Oklahoma, Texas, and Arkansas provided evangelical support for social conservatism.
26. ^ Il programma del Popolo della Famiglia di Mario Adinolfi Archived 18 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine (intelligonews)
27. ^ Programma Archived 7 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine (Italia Cristiana)
28. ^ Parties and Elections in Europe Archived 15 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved on 24 August 2013.
29. ^ Piero Ignazi (2008). Partiti politici in Italia. Il Mulino, Bologna. p. 58.
30. ^ Inada, Miho; Dvorak, Phred. "Same-Sex Marriage in Japan: A Long Way Away?" Archived 16 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine. The Wall Street Journal. 20 September 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
31. ^ Lockhart, Charles (2010). Protecting the Elderly: How Culture Shapes Social Policy. Penn State Press. p. 84\. ISBN 978-0-271-02289-5. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
32. ^ Magara, Hideko; Sacchi, Stefano, eds. (2013). The Politics of Structural Reforms: Social and Industrial Policy Change in Italy and Japan. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 95\. ISBN 978-0-85793-292-1. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
33. ^ Pekkanen, Robert J.; Scheiner, Ethan; Reed, Steven R., eds. (2016). Japan decides 2014: the Japanese general election. Springer. pp. 104, 106. doi:10.1057/9781137552006. ISBN 978-1-349-56437-8. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
34. ^ Lucien Ellington, ed. (2009). Japan. ABC-CLIO. p. 168\. ISBN 978-1-59884-162-6. "... Because of this political strength, the Liberal Democratic Party has in recent years included the moderate to socially conservative Komeito Party in coalition governments."
35. ^ Pauline Macaraeg (27 January 2019). "Who to Vote For? Get To Know the Political Parties in the Philippines". Esquire Philippines. Retrieved 9 April 2025.
36. ^ "Philippines". World Encyclopedia of Political Systems and Parties. Facts On File. 1999. p. 887.
37. ^ Perron, Louis (2009). Election Campaigns in the Philippines. Routledge. p. 361.
38. ^ "Gay Marriage Bill In Northern Ireland Blocked Again By Socially Conservative Democratic Unionist Party". Huffingtonpost.co.uk. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2019.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Heywood, Andrew (2017). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-60604-4.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Carlson, Allan, The Family in America: Searching for Social Harmony in the Industrial Age (2003) ISBN 0-7658-0536-7
* Carlson, Allan, Family Questions: Reflections on the American Social Crisis (1991) ISBN 1-56000-555-6
* Fleming, Thomas, The Politics of Human Nature, (1988) ISBN 1-56000-693-5
* Gallagher, Maggie, The Abolition of Marriage: How We Destroy Lasting Love (1996) ISBN 0-89526-464-1
* Himmelfarb, Gertrude, The De-moralization Of Society (1996) ISBN 0-679-76490-9
* Hitchens, Peter, The Abolition of Britain. (1999) ISBN 0-7043-8117-6
* Jones, E. Michael, Degenerate Moderns: Modernity As Rationalized Sexual Misbehavior. (1993) ISBN 0-89870-447-2
* Kirk, Russell, The Conservative Mind, 7th Ed. (2001) ISBN 0-89526-171-5
* Magnet, Myron, Modern Sex: Liberation and Its Discontents (2001) ISBN 1-56663-384-2
* Medved, Diane and Dan Quayle, The American Family: Discovering the Values That Make Us Strong (1997) ISBN 0-06-092810-7
* Sobran, Joseph, Single Issues: Essays on the Crucial Social Questions (1983) ISBN 1-199-24333-7.

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to Social conservatism at Wikimedia Commons

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* Cultural heritage
* Culturalism
* Inter
* Mono
* Multi
* Culture
* Counter
* Familialism
* History
* Honour
* Human nature
* Identity
* Formation
* Ideology
* Institutions
* Invisible hand
* Loyalty
* Modernity
* Morality
* Public
* Mores
* National character
* Natural law
* Personhood
* Reification
* Ressentiment
* Rights
* Sittlichkeit
* Social alienation
* Social norms
* Spontaneous order
* Stewardship
* Traditions
* Values
* Family
* Volksgeist
* Worldview

Schools|

* Budapest School
* Catholic social teaching
* Distributism
* Communitarianism
* Confucianism
* Conservatism
* Social
* Frankfurt School
* Personalism

Philosophers|

| Ancient|

* Confucius
* Laozi
* Mencius
* Mozi
* Xunzi

|

Medieval|

* Alpharabius
* Aquinas
* Avempace
* Bruni
* Ibn Khaldun
* Maimonides
* Ibn Tufayl

Early modern|

* Calvin
* Erasmus
* Guicciardini
* Locke
* Luther
* Milton
* Montaigne
* Müntzer

18th and 19th
centuries|

* Arnold
* Bentham
* Bonald
* Burke
* Carlyle
* Comte
* Condorcet
* Emerson
* Engels
* Fichte
* Fourier
* Franklin
* Hegel
* Helvétius
* Herder
* Hume
* Jefferson
* Kant
* Kierkegaard
* Le Bon
* Le Play
* Marx
* Mill
* Nietzsche
* Owen
* Renan
* Rousseau
* Royce
* Ruskin
* Smith
* Spencer
* de Staël
* Stirner
* Taine
* Thoreau
* Tocqueville
* Vico
* Vivekananda
* Voltaire

20th and 21st
centuries|

* Adorno
* Agamben
* Arendt
* Aron
* Badiou
* Baudrillard
* Bauman
* Benoist
* Berlin
* Butler
* Camus
* de Beauvoir
* Debord
* Deleuze
* Dewey
* Du Bois
* Durkheim
* Eco
* Evola
* Foucault
* Fromm
* Gandhi
* Gehlen
* Gentile
* Gramsci
* Guénon
* Habermas
* Han
* Heidegger
* Hoppe
* Irigaray
* Kirk
* Kołakowski
* Kropotkin
* Land
* Lasch
* MacIntyre
* Marcuse
* Maritain
* Negri
* Niebuhr
* Nussbaum
* Oakeshott
* Ortega
* Pareto
* Polanyi
* Radhakrishnan
* Röpke
* Santayana
* Scruton
* Shariati
* Simmel
* Skinner
* Sombart
* Sowell
* Spengler
* Strauss
* Taylor
* Voegelin
* Walzer
* Weber
* Weil
* Zinn
* Žižek

Works|

* De Officiis (44 BC)
* Oration on the Dignity of Man (1486)
* A Vindication of Natural Society (1756)
* Democracy in America (1835–1840)
* Civilization and Its Discontents (1930)
* The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (1935)
* The Second Sex (1949)
* One-Dimensional Man (1964)
* The Society of the Spectacle (1967)
* The History of Sexuality (1976)
* The Culture of Narcissism (1979)
* A Conflict of Visions (1987)
* The Closing of the American Mind (1987)
* Gender Trouble (1990)
* The Malaise of Modernity (1991)
* Intellectuals and Society (2010)

See also|

* Agnotology
* Axiology
* Critical theory
* Cultural criticism
* Cultural pessimism
* Ethics
* Historism
* Historicism
* Humanities
* Philosophy of culture
* Philosophy of education
* Philosophy of history
* Political philosophy
* Social criticism
* Social science
* Social theory
* Sociology

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Christian democracy

Principles|

* Catholic social teaching
* Christian corporatism
* Christian ethics
* Christian humanism
* Common good
* Communitarianism
* Conservatism
* Christian
* Compassionate
* Liberal
* Progressive
* Social
* Consistent life ethic
* Cultural mandate
* Culture of life
* Dignity of labor
* Distributism
* Economic progressivism
* Familialism
* Human dignity
* Just war theory
* Liberalism
* Christian
* Catholicism
* Conservative
* Ordo
* Social
* Mixed economy
* Multiculturalism
* Neo-Calvinism
* Neo-Thomism
* Option for the poor
* Pan-European identity
* Person Dignity Theory
* Popularism
* Public morality
* Religious liberty
* Friendly separation of church and state
* Religious pluralism
* Social Gospel
* Social justice
* Social market economy
* Solidarity
* Sphere sovereignty
* Stewardship
* Environmentalism
* Environmental protection
* Subsidiarity
* in Catholicism
* Welfare
* State

Philosophers|

* Arizmendiarrieta
* Baader
* Barth
* Belloc
* Benedict XV
* Berggrav
* Blond
* Bonhoeffer
* Brague
* Cardijn
* Chesterton
* Day
* Dooyeweerd
* Escrivá
* Gebhardt
* Gilson
* Görres
* Groen
* Guardini
* Habsburg
* John XXIII
* John Paul II
* Ketteler
* De Koninck
* Korfanty
* Lamennais
* Leo XIII
* Leo XIV
* Lewis
* Manning
* Maritain
* Merton
* Milani
* Mounier
* Müller-Armack
* Murray
* Nell-Breuning
* Newman
* Ozanam
* Paul VI
* Pesch
* Pieper
* Pius XI
* Pottier
* Röpke
* Sheen
* Spaemann
* Stein
* Stomma
* Sturzo
* Tawney
* Tischner
* Toniolo
* Vogelsang
* Weigel
* Williams

Politicians|

* Adenauer
* Andreotti
* Antall
* Aznar
* Bayrou
* Beel
* Bidault
* Biden
* Bondevik
* Busch
* Buzek
* Caldera
* Clerides
* Cosgrave
* Daul
* De Gasperi
* Dehaene
* Donnelly
* Dzurinda
* Erhard
* Erzberger
* Fenech Adami
* Field
* Frei
* Gemayel
* Groen
* Haller
* Joseph
* Juncker
* Kaas
* Ketteler
* Klausener
* Kohl
* Komorowski
* Korfanty
* Kramp-Karrenbauer
* Kurz
* Kuyper
* Lacalle Pou
* Laschet
* Letta
* Leuger
* Lipinski
* Lubbers
* Martens
* Mattarella
* Mazowiecki
* Merkel
* Merz
* Metsola
* Mikołajczyk
* Moro
* Nile
* Quadros
* Pastrana
* Peterle
* Pethrus
* Popiel
* Portas
* Pöttering
* Prodi
* Raab
* Schäffer
* Schuman
* Schüssel
* Seipel
* Söder
* Stegerwald
* Stomma
* Strauss
* Sturzo
* Tajani
* Tindemans
* Vogelsang
* von der Leyen
* Wałęsa
* Weber
* Werner
* Windthorst

Parties|

* American Solidarity Party
* Austrian People's Party
* Christian Democracy
* Christian Democratic Appeal
* Christian Democratic and Flemish
* Christian Democratic Party
* Christian Democratic Party of Uruguay
* Christian Democratic People's Party
* Christian-Democratic Rebirth Party
* Christian Democratic Union of Germany
* Christian Social People's Party
* Christian Social Union in Bavaria
* Christian Union
* Centre Party
* Centrists for Europe
* Civic Platform
* Croatian Democratic Union
* Democratic Rally
* Democrats
* Fianna Fáil
* Fine Gael
* Kataeb Party
* National Action Party
* National Party
* Nationalist Party
* New Democracy
* Patriotic Union
* People's Party
* Polish People's Party
* Popular Republican Movement
* Prohibition Party
* VMRO-DPMNE

Organisations|

* Catholic Action
* Centrist Democrat International
* Christian Democrat Organization of America
* European People's Party
* European Christian Political Party
* Konrad Adenauer Foundation
* Conservative Christian Fellowship
* Centre for European Studies
* European Ideas Network
* Schuman Foundation
* Center for Public Justice
* Paneuropean Union
* World Movement of Christian Workers
* SIPDIC

Documents|

* Rerum novarum
* Populorum progressio
* Graves de communi re
* Quadragesimo anno
* Laborem exercens
* Sollicitudo rei socialis
* Centesimus annus
* Laudato si'

Related topics|

* Catholic Church and politics
* Christian left

* Christian anarchism
* Christian communism
* Christian socialism

* Christian right

* Christian libertarianism
* Christian nationalism
* Theoconservatism

* Clerical philosophers
* Ethical socialism
* Integralism
* Illiberal democracy
* Progressive Christianity
* Religious democracy

* Buddhist
* Islamic
* Jewish
* Mormon

* Social democracy
* Traditionalist Catholicism

* v
* t
* e

Conservatism

Schools
by region|

| International|

* Authoritarian
* Corporatist
* Cultural
* Fiscal
* Green
* Liberal
* Moderate
* National
* Paternalistic
* Populist
* Pragmatic
* Progressive
* Reactionary
* Religious
* Social
* Traditionalist
* Ultra

|

Asia|

| China|

* Chiangism
* Confucianism
* Neo
* New
* Dai Jitao Thought
* Neoauthoritarianism

|

Iran|

* Khomeinism
* Monarchist
* Principlist

Israel|

* Fundamentalist
* Jewish
* Kahanism
* Zionism
* Neo
* Religious
* Revisionist

Japan|

* Minzoku
* Neo
* Nippon Kaigi
* Shōwa Statism
* State Shinto

South Korea|

* Ilminism
* New Right

Turkey|

* Democratic
* Erdoğanism
* Neo-Ottomanism

Other|

* Bangladesh
* Hong Kong
* India
* Malaysia
* Pakistan
* Ziaism
* Singapore
* Taiwan
* Chiangism

Europe|

| France|

* Action Française
* Bonapartism
* Gaullism
* Integral nationalism
* Legitimism
* Maurrassisme
* Nouvelle Droite
* Orléanism
* Révolution nationale
* Sarkozysm
* Ultra-royalism

|

Germany|

* Agrarian
* Hegelian
* Historical School
* Neue Rechte
* Ordoliberalism
* Prussianism
* Cameralistic
* Socialist
* Revolutionary
* Young
* Ritter School
* Romanticism
* State Socialism
* Völkisch

Italy|

* Berlusconism
* Historical Right
* Italian school of elitism
* Neo-Bourbonism
* Sanfedismo

Poland|

* Golden Liberty
* Kaczyzm
* Monarchist
* National Democracy
* Sarmatism

Russia|

* Duginism
* Eurasianism
* Monarchist
* Black-hundredism
* Tsarism
* Putinism
* Slavophilia
* Pochvennichestvo

Spain|

* Alfonsism
* Carlism
* Carloctavismo
* Carlo-francoism
* Francoism
* National Catholicism
* Integrism
* Mellismo
* Maurism
* Neocatholicism
* Noucentisme

United
Kingdom|

* Cameronism
* Civic
* Compassionate
* Muscular liberalism
* Jacobitism
* Neo-Jacobite Revival
* Neo
* One-nationism
* Powellism
* Thatcherism
* Toryism
* High
* Red
* Social

Other|

* Austria
* Belgium
* Rexism
* Denmark
* Finland
* Georgia
* Monarchist
* Greece
* Metaxism
* Populist
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Luxembourg
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Portugal
* Miguelist
* Integralismo Lusitano
* Romania
* Monarchist
* Serbia
* Monarchist
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Ukraine

Latin America|

| Argentina|

* Federal Peronism
* Maurrasismo
* Menemism
* Nacionalismo
* Orthodox Peronism

|

Brazil|

* Bolsonarism
* Coronelism
* Integralism
* Janismo
* Monarchist
* Patrianovism
* Populism

Chile|

* Gremialismo
* Pinochetism

Other|

* Belize
* Colombia
* Rojismo
* Uribism
* Cuba
* Guatemala
* Mexico
* Cristero
* Panama
* Peru
* Fujimorism
* Odriismo
* Uruguay
* Herrerism
* Riverism
* Ruralismo
* Venezuela
* Perezjimenismo

North America|

| Canada|

* Populism
* Trumpism
* Clerico-nationalism
* Social
* Toryism
* Blue
* Red
* Pink

|

United
States|

* Compassionate
* Libertarian
* Fusionism
* Paleo
* Tea Party
* Movement
* Neo
* Old Right
* Paleo
* Reaganism
* Social
* Traditionalist
* Trumpism

Oceania|

* Australia
* Centre Right
* National Right
* New Zealand

Philosophy|

| Principles|

* Ancestral worship
* Authority
* Traditional
* Class collaboration
* Consociationalism
* Clericalism
* Collective identity
* Confessionalism
* Cultural assimilation
* Cultural heritage
* Cultural values
* Culture of life
* Pro-Life
* Discipline
* Duty
* Elitism
* Aristocracy
* Meritocracy
* Noblesse oblige
* Ethical order
* Familialism
* Family values
* Fundamentalism
* Gender role
* Complementarianism
* Honour
* Imperialism
* Loyalty
* Monarchism
* Royalist
* Natural law
* Natural Order
* Norms
* Conventions
* Customs
* Mores
* Ordered liberty
* Organicism
* Organized religion
* Orthodoxy
* Patriotism
* Nationalism
* Personalism
* Philosophical realism
* Moral realism
* Private property
* Protectionism
* Public morality
* Rule of law
* Social hierarchy
* Social institutions
* Social order
* Solidarity
* Sovereignty
* State religion
* Stewardship
* Subsidiarity
* Tradition

|

Intellectuals|

* Bainville
* Barruel
* Belloc
* Bonald
* Buckley Jr.
* Burke
* Burnham
* Carlyle
* Chateaubriand
* Chesterton
* Coleridge
* Comte
* Cortés
* Dávila
* Dostoevsky
* Eliot
* Evola
* Fardid
* Gentz
* Haller
* Hitchens
* Hume
* Iorga
* Johnson
* Jünger
* Karamzin
* Kirk
* Kuehnelt-Leddihn
* La Mennais
* Le Bon
* Le Play
* Leontiev
* Lewis
* Maistre
* Mansfield
* Maurras
* Menéndez
* More
* Müller
* Newman
* Nisbet
* Novalis
* Oakeshott
* Corrêa de Oliveira
* Peterson
* Ranke
* Renan
* Rivarol
* Röpke
* Santayana
* Savigny
* Schlegel
* Schmitt
* Scruton
* Solzhenitsyn
* Sowell
* Spann
* Spengler
* Stahl
* Strauss
* Taine
* Tocqueville
* Uvarov
* Voegelin

Politics|

| Organisations|

* European Conservatives and Reformists Party
* European People's Party
* Identity and Democracy
* International Democrat Union
* International Monarchist League
* Muslim Brotherhood
* Tradition, Family, Property

|

Politicians|

* Abe
* Adams
* Adenauer
* Andreotti
* Berlusconi
* Bismarck
* Bolsonaro
* GW Bush
* Canning
* Chiang
* Churchill
* Diefenbaker
* Disraeli
* Dmowski
* Dollfuss
* Erdoğan
* Franco
* Fujimori
* de Gaulle
* Harper
* Horthy
* John Paul II
* Kaczyński
* Khamenei
* Khomeini
* Kohl
* Le Pen
* Lee
* Macdonald
* Mannerheim
* Marcos
* Maurras
* Menzies
* Metaxas
* Metternich
* Mobutu
* Modi
* Netanyahu
* Orbán
* Park
* Pérez Jiménez
* Pinochet
* Pitt
* Powell
* Prat de la Riba
* Putin
* Reagan
* Salazar
* Salisbury
* Smith
* Stolypin
* Suharto
* Thatcher
* Trujillo
* Trump
* Vajpayee
* de Valera
* Zia
* Zemmour

Religion|

* Christian democracy
* Christian politics
* Theonomy
* Christian right
* Theoconservatism
* Confucianism
* Hindutva
* Jewish conservatism
* Religious Zionism
* Islamism
* Islamic economics
* Theravada
* Buddhist economics
* Traditionalist Catholicism
* Catholic social teaching
* Distributism
* Integralism
* Ultramontanism
* Traditionalist School

Historical
background|

* Ancien régime
* Bourbon Restauration
* Congress of Vienna
* Concert of Europe
* Conservative Order
* Counter-Enlightenment
* German Romanticism
* Holy Alliance
* Ultra-royalism

Related|

| Ideologies|

* Agrarianism
* Clerical fascism
* Communitarianism
* Conservative liberalism
* Corporatism
* Localism

|

* Anti-communism
* Anti-gender movement
* Anti-Masonry
* Aristocracy
* Black conservatism
* United States
* Desecularization
* Postsecularism
* Conservative feminism
* Conservative wave
* Counter-revolutionary
* Elite theory
* Ethnopluralism
* Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States
* LGBTQ conservatism
* Neo-feudalism
* Neo-medievalism
* Opposition to LGBTQ rights
* Para-fascism
* Political Evangelicalism in Latin America
* Political theology
* Radical right
* Europe
* United States
* Reactionary
* Neo-
* Right realism
* Right-wing politics
* Authoritarianism
* New
* European
* Small-c conservatives

* Conservatism portal
* Politics portal

* v
* t
* e

Social conservatism in the United States

Issues and ideas|

* Anti-abortion
* Anti-LGBTQ (Gay agenda)
* Anti-pornography movement
* Culture of life
* Culture war
* Consistent life ethic
* Eminent domain
* Euthanasia
* Familialism
* Family values
* Gender roles
* Organized religion
* Parental rights movement
* Prohibition of drugs
* Public morality
* Religious liberty
* School prayer
* Friendly separation of church and state

Advocates|

* Abbott
* Ashcroft
* Bachmann
* Baldwin
* Bannon
* Barton
* Bennett
* Brownback
* Bryant
* Boebert
* Boykin
* Bozell III
* Buchanan
* Cameron
* Carlson
* Carson
* Coburn
* Colson
* Cruz
* DeLay
* DeMint
* DeSantis
* Dice
* Dobson
* Donohue
* D'Souza
* Falwell Sr.
* Falwell Jr.
* Frist
* George
* Gingrich
* Gohmert
* Harris
* Helms
* Hostettler
* Huckabee
* Johnson
* Jones
* Kennedy
* Keyes
* King
* Kirk
* Knowles
* LaHaye
* LaHaye
* Limbaugh
* Lott
* McCarthy
* Moore
* Owens
* Palin
* Parsley
* Pence (Greg)
* Pence (Mike)
* Perkins
* Peroutka
* Perry
* Phillips
* Prager
* Raichik
* Reed
* Robertson
* Robinson
* Ruzicka
* Santorum
* Scarborough
* Schlafly
* Schundler
* Scott
* Shapiro
* Stenzel
* Stuckey
* Tancredo
* Tatum
* Greene
* Thomas
* Trump
* Uihlein
* Walsh

Groups|

* American Principles Project
* Concerned Women for America
* Eagle Forum
* Faith and Freedom Coalition
* Family Research Council
* Focus on the Family
* Foundation for Moral Law
* Heritage Foundation
* Moms for Liberty
* Moral Majority
* National Center on Sexual Exploitation
* National Organization for Marriage
* National Right to Life Committee
* Parents Television and Media Council
* Traditional Values Coalition

Political parties|

* American Solidarity Party
* Constitution Party
* Prohibition Party
* Republican Party

Related|

* Christian democracy
* Christian nationalism
* Christian right
* Culture war
* Factions in the Republican Party
* LGBT conservatism in the United States
* Manhattan Declaration
* Paleoconservatism
* Reactionary
* Social justice
* Straight pride

* Conservatism portal

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