Solomon Sibley

American politician and judge (1769–1846)

Solomon Sibley

1st Mayor of Detroit, first charter
In office
1806–1806
Preceded by| None
Succeeded by| Elijah Brush
Delegate to the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Michigan Territory's at-large district
In office
November 20, 1820 – March 3, 1823
Preceded by| William Woodbridge
Succeeded by| Gabriel Richard
Personal details
Born| October 7, 1769
Sutton, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died| April 4, 1846(1846-04-04) (aged 76)
Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
Political party| Democratic
Democratic-Republican (before 1825)
Alma mater| Brown University
Profession| Lawyer

Solomon Sibley (October 7, 1769 – April 4, 1846) was an American politician and jurist in the Michigan Territory who became the first mayor of Detroit.

## Early life: 1769–1815

[edit]

Sibley was born in Sutton, Massachusetts,[1] the son of Ruth and Reuben Sibley.[2] After completing preparatory studies, he graduated from the College of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (now Brown University) at Providence in 1794.[3] He studied law, was admitted to the Bar in 1795 and began a practice in Marietta, Ohio, which was then part of the Northwest Territory.[3] He soon moved to Cincinnati and then moved again to Detroit, Michigan, in 1797, shortly after the British handed over the fort in 1796.[1] When he arrived, Sibley was one of only two lawyers in Detroit. Being a pioneer lawyer was a physically challenging profession, often requiring long travel by horseback through wilderness over Indian trails in all types of weather to attend the territorial courts in Cincinnati, Marietta, or Chillicothe, Ohio.

In December 1798, Detroit elected a delegate to the legislature of the Northwest Territory. This, the first election in Michigan under United States control, was held in a Detroit tavern. Although Sibley was elected, his opponent, James May, claimed he had won by providing liquor for the voters. Despite the protestation, Sibley represented Wayne County in the first legislature of the Northwest Territory, commencing his term in January 1799.[4]

Sibley was instrumental in passing the legislation in 1802 by which Detroit was incorporated as a town. Sibley was elected first as Chairman of the Board of Trustees, and then under the first city charter of 1806 as the first mayor of Detroit.[3] In December of 1811, following the Battle of Tippecanoe, Sibley chaired a public meeting which drafted a memorial to the President and Congress, concerning the defenses of Michigan Territory. This memorial called on Congress to prioritize the defense of settlers over the protection of trade routes with Native Americans. After the start of the War of 1812, forts were established at the sites recommended by Sibley.[5] During the war, Sibley commanded a company of riflemen in defense of Detroit, though the British attack was successful and William Hull surrendered the fort. After the war, Sibley served as Auditor of Public Accounts for the Michigan Territory from 1814 to 1817.

## Congressional delegate: 1815–1823

[edit]

Sibley was appointed as the first United States Attorney for the Michigan Territory by U.S. President James Madison, serving from 1815 to 1823.[3] When William Woodbridge resigned on August 9, 1820, as territorial Delegate to the 16th United States Congress, Sibley was elected to fill the vacancy.[3] Sibley won re-election to the 17th Congress, serving in total from November 20, 1820, to March 3, 1823. Sibley continued to serve as U.S. Attorney, and thus held concurrent legislative and executive positions. During this period, Sibley was also commissioned, along with Lewis Cass, to negotiate the August 29, 1821, Treaty of Chicago with the Ottawa, Potawatomi, and Chippewa, in which the tribes ceded most of their territory south of the Grand River.

## Michigan Supreme Court: 1824–1837

[edit]

Sibley was not a candidate for re-election to Congress in 1822.[3] In 1824, he was appointed as one of three justices on the Michigan Territorial Supreme Court by U.S. President James Monroe,[3] becoming the sixth Territorial Justice. Sibley was chief justice of the court from 1827 until 1837, when he had to resign due to his deafness.

## Retirement and personal life: 1837–1846

[edit]

Sibley married Sarah Whipple Sproat Sibley (1782–1851), the only daughter of Colonel Ebenezer Sproat, a veteran of the American Revolutionary War. They had eight children, one of whom, Henry Hastings Sibley (b. 1811), was a territorial delegate from Wisconsin Territory 1848–1849, and from Minnesota Territory 1849–1853, and the first Governor of Minnesota 1858–1860.[3] A second son, Alexander H. Sibley (b. 1817), was the president of the Silver Islet Mining Company which operated a silver mine in Ontario. A daughter, Catherine Whipple Sibley, married Charles Christopher Trowbridge, mayor of Detroit in 1834 and unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Michigan in 1837.[6]

Sibley died in Detroit and is interred in Elmwood Cemetery there.[3] Upon his death, many members of the Bar wore a badge of mourning for 30 days. Shortly after his death, his widow Sarah built the Sibley House on Jefferson, which still stands.[7]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Solomon Sibley". Elmwood Cemetery. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
2. ^ Stearns, E. S. (1908). Genealogical and Family History of the State of New Hampshire. Рипол Классик. ISBN 9785876846679. `{{cite book}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "SIBLEY, Solomon, (1769–1846)". US Congress. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
4. ^ Paul Leake (1912), History of Detroit: a chronicle of its progress, its industries, its institutions, and the people of the fair city of the Straits, Volume 2, The Lewis Publishing Company, pp. 437–440
5. ^ American State Papers, Class II, Indian Affairs, 12th Congress, 1st Session, Doc. 132, pp. 780-782. Published by W.S. Hein, Buffalo, 1998. https://archive.org/details/americanstatepap0001unse/page/780/mode/2up
6. ^ Ross, Robert Budd (1907), The early bench and bar of Detroit from 1805 to the end of 1850, p. 187
7. ^ "Sibley House". Michigan State Housing Development Authority. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved September 10, 2010.

## External links

[edit]

* Michigan portal

* United States Congress. "Solomon Sibley (id: S000400)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
* History of Detroit
* Michigan Supreme Court Historical Society
* Solomon Sibley: Michigan's First United States Attorney, 1815–1823 by Ross Parker
* Political Graveyard
* Elmwood Cemetery Biography

Political offices

New title |  Mayor of Detroit, Michigan
1806  | Succeeded by

Elijah Brush

Unknown |  Auditor of Michigan Territory
1814–1817  | Unknown
Assembly seats
New district |  Member of the Northwest Territory House of Representatives from Wayne County
1799–1801
Served alongside: Francois Chabert Joncaire, Jacob Visgar | Succeeded by

Francois Chabert Joncaire
George McDougall
Jonathan Schieffelin

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by

William Woodbridge

|  Delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives
from Michigan Territory
November 20, 1820 – March 3, 1823  | Succeeded by

Gabriel Richard

* v
* t
* e

Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Michigan

| Territory|

* Woodbridge
* Sibley
* Richard
* Wing
* Biddle
* Wing
* Lyon
* G. Jones

|

At-large|

* Crary
* J. Howard
* Kelley
* Staebler

| 1st district|

* McClelland
* Buel
* Penniman
* D. Stuart
* W. Howard
* Cooper
* W. Howard
* Granger
* Beaman
* Waldron
* Field
* A. S. Williams
* Newberry
* Lord
* Maybury
* J. L. Chipman
* Griffin
* Corliss
* Lucking
* Denby
* Doremus
* Codd
* Clancy
* Sosnowski
* Clancy
* Sadowski
* Tenerowicz
* Sadowski
* Machrowicz
* Nedzi
* Conyers
* Stupak
* Benishek
* Bergman

|

2nd district|

* Lyon
* J. S. Chipman
* E. Bradley
* C. Stuart
* Sprague
* C. Stuart
* Noble
* Waldron
* Beaman
* Upson
* Stoughton
* Waldron
* Willits
* Eldredge
* Allen
* Gorman
* Spalding
* H. Smith
* Townsend
* Wedemeyer
* Beakes
* Bacon
* Beakes
* Michener
* Lehr
* Michener
* Meader
* Vivian
* Esch
* Pursell
* Hoekstra
* Huizenga
* Moolenaar

3rd district|

* Hunt
* Bingham
* J. Conger
* Clark
* Walbridge
* Kellogg
* Longyear
* Blair
* Willard
* McGowan
* Lacey
* O'Donnell
* Burrows
* Milnes
* A. Todd
* Gardner
* J. Smith
* Frankhauser
* J. Smith
* A. B. Williams
* Hooper
* Kimball
* Main
* Shafer
* Johansen
* P. Todd
* G. Brown
* Wolpe
* Henry
* Ehlers
* Amash
* Meijer
* Scholten

4th district|

* H. L. Stevens
* Peck
* Leach
* Trowbridge
* Kellogg
* Ferry
* Foster
* Burrows
* Potter
* Keightley
* Burrows
* Yaple
* Burrows
* Thomas
* Hamilton
* Ketcham
* Foulkes
* Hoffman
* Hutchinson
* Stockman
* Siljander
* Upton
* Camp
* Moolenaar
* Huizenga

5th district|

* Baldwin
* Trowbridge
* O. Conger
* Foster
* W. Williams
* Stone
* Webber
* Houseman
* Comstock
* M. Ford
* Belknap
* M. Ford
* Belknap
* Richardson
* W. Smith
* Diekema
* Sweet
* Mapes
* Jonkman
* G. Ford
* Vander Veen
* Sawyer
* Henry
* Barcia
* D. E. Kildee
* D. T. Kildee
* Walberg

6th district|

* Driggs
* Strickland
* Sutherland
* Begole
* Durand
* Brewer
* Spaulding
* Winans
* Brewer
* Stout
* Aitken
* S. Smith
* Kelley
* Hudson
* Person
* Cady
* Blackney
* Transue
* Blackney
* Clardy
* Hayworth
* Chamberlain
* Carr
* Dunn
* Carr
* Upton
* Dingell

7th district|

* O. Conger
* Rich
* Carleton
* Whiting
* Snover
* Weeks
* McMorran
* Cramton
* Wolcott
* McIntosh
* O'Hara
* Mackie
* Riegle
* D. E. Kildee
* N. Smith
* Schwarz
* Walberg
* Schauer
* Walberg
* Slotkin
* Barrett

8th district|

* N. Bradley
* Ellsworth
* Horr
* Tarsney
* Bliss
* Youmans
* Linton
* Brucker
* Fordney
* Vincent
* Hart
* Crawford
* Bentley
* Harvey
* Traxler
* Carr
* Chrysler
* Stabenow
* Rogers
* M. Bishop
* Slotkin
* Kildee
* McDonald Rivet

9th district|

* Hubbell
* Cutcheon
* H. Wheeler
* Moon
* R. Bishop
* McLaughlin
* Harry W. Musselwhite
* Engel
* Thompson
* Griffin
* Vander Jagt
* D. E. Kildee
* Knollenberg
* Peters
* S. Levin
* A. Levin
* McClain

10th district|

* Hatch
* Fisher
* F. Wheeler
* Weadock
* Crump
* Aplin
* Loud
* Woodruff
* Loud
* Currie
* Woodruff
* Cederberg
* Albosta
* Schuette
* Camp
* Bonior
* Miller
* Mitchell
* McClain
* J. James

11th district|

* Breitung
* Moffatt
* Seymour
* Stephenson
* Avery
* Mesick
* Darragh
* Dodds
* Lindquist
* Scott
* Bohn
* P. Brown
* Luecke
* F. Bradley
* Potter
* Knox
* Clevenger
* Ruppe
* Davis
* Knollenberg
* McCotter
* Curson
* Bentivolio
* Trott
* H. Stevens

12th district|

* Stephenson
* Shelden
* Young
* MacDonald
* W. F. James
* Hook
* Bennett
* Hook
* Bennett
* O'Hara
* Bonior
* Levin
* J. Dingell Jr.
* D. Dingell
* Tlaib

13th district|

* Nichols
* McLeod
* Brennan
* McLeod
* O'Brien
* McLeod
* O'Brien
* Coffin
* O'Brien
* Diggs
* Crockett
* Collins
* W. Ford
* Rivers
* Kilpatrick
* Clarke
* Conyers
* B. Jones
* Tlaib
* Thanedar

14th district|

* Weideman
* Rabaut
* Youngblood
* Rabaut
* Ryan
* Nedzi
* Hertel
* Conyers
* Peters
* Lawrence

15th district|

* J. Dingell Sr.
* J. Dingell Jr.
* W. Ford
* Collins
* Kilpatrick
* J. Dingell Jr.

16th district|

* Lesinski Sr.
* Lesinski Jr.
* J. Dingell Jr.

17th district|

* Dondero
* Oakman
* Griffiths
* Brodhead
* Levin

18th district|

* Dondero
* Broomfield
* Huber
* Blanchard
* Broomfield

19th district|

* Farnum
* McDonald
* Broomfield

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* United States

People|

* US Congress

Other|

* SNAC
* Yale LUX

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