Soto (food)

Traditional Indonesian soup

Soto

Soto ayam, or chicken soto, with yellow coconut milk broth, slices of lontong, and fried shallot

Alternative names| Sroto, coto, tauto
Course| Main course
Place of origin| Indonesia[1]
Region or state| Nationwide
Associated cuisine| Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, the Netherlands, Suriname (known as saoto)
Serving temperature| Hot
Main ingredients| Various traditional Indonesian chicken, beef, or offal soups
Variations| Variations across Indonesia

* Media: Soto

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Soto (also known as sroto, tauto, saoto, or coto) is a traditional Indonesian soup mainly composed of broth, meat, and vegetables. Many traditional soups are called soto, whereas foreign- and Western-influenced soups are called sop.

Soto is sometimes considered Indonesia's national dish,[2] as it is served from Sumatra to Papua, in a wide range of variations. Soto is available everywhere from warungs and open-air eateries to fine-dining restaurants and luxurious hotels.[3][4][5][1]

Due to the proximity and significant numbers of Indonesian migrants in neighbouring countries, soto can also be found in Singapore and Malaysia, thus becoming a part of their cuisines.

Introduced to Suriname by Javanese migrants, it is part of the national cuisine of that country as well, where it is spelled saoto.[6]

## History

[edit]

Indonesian 2007 stamp depicting Soto Kudus from Central Java

In the Indonesian archipelago, soto is known by different names. In the local Javanese dialect, it is called soto, and the dish also reached Makassar where it is called coto. Soto is found to be most prevalent in Java, and suggested that the hearty soup was originated from that island, and over the years this dish branched off in an assorted array of soto varieties.[7]

Although soto was undoubtedly developed in the Indonesian archipelago and each region has developed its own distinctive soto recipes, some historians suggest that it was probably influenced by foreign culinary tradition, especially Hokkien Chinese. Denys Lombard in his book Le Carrefour Javanais suggested that the origin of soto was a Hokkien Chinese soup, caudo (Chinese: 牛草肚; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû-chháu-tō͘; lit. 'beef tripe'),[8] popular in Semarang among Chinese immigrants during colonial VOC era, circa 17th century.[9]

Another scholar suggests that it was more likely a mixture of cooking traditions in the region, namely Chinese, Indian, and native Indonesian cuisine.[10] There are traces of Chinese influence such as the use of bihun (rice vermicelli) and the preference for fried garlic as a condiment, while the use of turmeric suggests Indian influence. Another example is soto betawi from Jakarta uses minyak samin (ghee), which indicates Arab or Muslim Indian influences.[11] Another historian suggest that some soto recipe reflects the past condition of its people. Soto tangkar, which today is a meat soup, was mostly made from the broth of goat rib-cage bones (Betawi:tangkar) in the past because meat was expensive, or the common population of Batavia were too poor to afford some meat back then.[12] Soto recipes has been highly localized according to local tradition and available ingredients, for example in Hindu-majority island of Bali, soto babi (pork soto) can be found, since Hindu Balinese prefer pork while beef is seldom consumed, they also do not share Indonesian Muslim halal dietary law that forbids the consumption of pork.

The meat soup dish influenced various regions and each developed its own recipes, with the ingredients being highly localized according to available ingredients and local cooking traditions. As a result, rich variants of soto were developed across Indonesia.

In 2018, soto was officially recognised by the Indonesian government as one of the country's five national dishes: the others are nasi goreng, sate, rendang, and gado-gado.[2] Also in 2018, soto is promoted in Asian Festival in Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex during 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta as a dish that represent the diversity of Indonesia. With the theme "Unity in Diversoto" presented in the food court, visitors had the opportunity to samples various regional sotos of Indonesia, thus it has become visitors' favourite in Asian Festival during 2018 Asian Games.[13]

## Varieties

[edit]

The spread of soto in Indonesian archipelago was followed by the localization of Soto's recipe, according to available ingredients and distinctive local taste.[9] As the result, myriad soto recipes and variations can be found throughout Indonesia.

### By regions

[edit]

Soto Betawi, mainly consisting of offal in creamy milk or coconut milk soup, from Jakarta

Some sotos are named based on the town or region where they are created:

* Soto Ambon – made of chicken and broth, flavoured and coloured with turmeric, ginger, galangal, garlic, lemongrass, and loads of spices. Served with rice, the toppings are blanched bean sprouts, shredded chicken, vermicelli, chopped celery leaves, golden fried shallots, fried potato sticks, kecap manis (sweet soy sauce), hot sauce, and potato croquettes.
* Soto Bandung – a clear beef soto that has pieces of meat, white radish, and fried soybeans.[14]
* Soto Bangkalan or soto mera – a soto with red colour broth. It consists of beef and the intestine, and fried peanuts. It is served with slices of lontong rice cake, sprinkled with scallions and fried shallots.[15]
* Soto Banjar – spiced with star anise, clove, cassia and lemongrass, and sour hot sambal, served with potato cakes.[14]
* Soto Banjarnegara or soto Krandegan – a beef soto in a yellow coconut milk soup and eaten with ketupat.[16]
* Soto Banyumas, sroto Banyumas or sroto Sokaraja – made special by its peanut sambal, usually eaten with ketupat.[17]
* Soto Banyuwangi or rujak soto – a beef soto with beef tripe, vegetables, peanut sauce, and beef broth.[18]
* Soto Betawi – made of beef or beef offal, cooked in a cow milk or coconut milk broth, with fried potato and tomato.[17]
* Soto Blora, or soto klethuk – there are shredded chicken, bean sprouts, vermicelli, eggs, fried onions, and the most important thing is klethuk (cassava cut into small squares, then fried until really crisp and golden brown in color)[19]
* Soto Kebumen also known as soto Tamanwinangun – a duck soto in peanut-based broth.[20]
* Soto Kediri – a chicken soto in coconut milk.
* Soto Kudus – made with water buffalo meat due to local taboos of the consumption of beef.
* Soto Lamongan – a popular street food in various Indonesian metropolitan areas, a variation of the Madura soto. The dish uses koya as a condiment that is made from finely ground prawn crackers.[17]
* Soto Madura or soto Sulung/soto Ambengan – made with either chicken, beef or offal, in a yellowish transparent broth.[17]
* Soto Makassar or coto Makassar – a beef and offal soto boiled in water used to wash rice, with fried peanut.[21]
* Soto Medan – a chicken/pork/beef/prawn/innards soto with added coconut milk and served with potato croquette (perkedel). The meat pieces are fried before being served or mixed. The spice is similar to soto Betawi with addition of cardamom.[17]
* Soto Pacitan – chicken soto in light spicy soup, served with beansprouts, rice vermicelli, cabbages, celery, fried shallot, and fried peanuts.[22]
* Soto Padang – a beef broth soto with slices of fried beef, bihun (rice vermicelli), and perkedel kentang (fried mashed potato).[21]
* Soto Pangkalan Bun or coto manggala – a chicken soto mixed with cassava.[23]
* Soto Pekalongan or tauto Pekalongan[24] – spiced with tauco (a fermented miso-like bean paste).
* Soto Semarang – a chicken soto spiced with candlenut, mixed with rice, perkedel, tempe, and often eaten with sate kerang (cockles on a stick) or tripes and quail eggs. One of the pioneers of Soto Semarang is Soto Bangkong, named after Bangkong crossroad in Semarang.[25]
* Soto Solo also known as soto kwali – in Javanese and Indonesian language kwali or kuali means "cauldron". This beef brisket soto in clear beef broth soup served with beansprouts, celery and bawang goreng.[26]
* Soto Sumedang or soto bongko – a soto consists of bongko (rice cake), tofu, chayote, and bean sprouts in a coconut milk soup.[27]
* Soto Tegal or Sauto Tegal, almost same with Pekalongan soto spiced with tauco (a fermented miso-like bean paste). Sauto can be chicken soto, beef soto, or even beef offal.
* Soto Ungaran or soto gudangan Ungaran, a beef soto rice with veggies and grated coconut.[28]

### By primary ingredient

[edit]

Soto ayam with clear yellow broth, garnished with emping crackers and fried shallot

Other sotos are named based upon their chief ingredient:

* Soto ayam[29] – chicken in a yellow spicy broth with lontong, nasi empit, ketupat (rice compressed by cooking wrapped tightly in a leaf, then sliced into small cakes), or vermicelli, commonly found in Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia. Some versions are prepared with cellophane noodles.,[30][31] boiled eggs, lime juice and beansprouts
* Soto babat – a cow's or goat's tripe, served in yellow spicy coconut milk soup with vermicelli, potato, and vegetables, usually eaten with rice. It is commonly found throughout Indonesia.
* Soto babi – a pork soto from Hindu majority Bali island.[32]
* Soto bebek – a duck soto, specialty of Klaten, Central Java.[33]
* Soto ceker – a chicken foot soto, served in rather clear yellowish spicy broth soup, which uses spices including shallot, garlic, lemongrass, and turmeric that add the yellowish colour, served with of cabbage, celery, rice noodles, and garnished to taste with sambal, lime and soy.[34] Soto ceker is one of the popular street food in Jakarta, Bali, and most of major cities in Java. In street side warung or humble restaurants, soto ceker is usually offered as a variation of soto ayam.[35]
* Soto garing – a soto served without broth. As a substitute for broth, this soto is doused with soy sauce. This soto can be found in Klaten, Central Java.
* Soto kaki (lit. "foot soto") – made of beef cow's trotters; tendon and cartilage taken from cow's feet, served in yellow spicy coconut milk soup with vermicelli, potato, vegetables, and krupuk, commonly eaten with rice. It is a Betawi food and can be found in Jakarta, Indonesia.
* Soto kerbau – made of water buffalo meat instead of beef, specialty of Kudus regency, Central Java.[17]
* Soto lenthok – a specialty of Yogyakarta which is chicken soto served with lenthok or fried mashed cassava akin to potato perkedel.[36]
* Soto mi (spelled mee soto in Singapore and Malaysia) – a yellow spicy beef or chicken broth soup with noodles,[37] commonly found in Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia. Bogor, Indonesia, is famous for its soto mi made with beef broth, kikil (cow's cartilage), noodles, and sliced risoles spring rolls.
* Soto ranjau or also known as soto tulang – chicken soto served with its bones. Ranjau in Indonesian means landmine, which actually refer to chicken bones. Usually soto are served with shredded boneless chicken meat. Soto ranjau however, is served as soup of chicken bones with some pieces of remaining meats, cartilage and skin.[38]
* Soto tangkar – also Betawi specialty soto made of chopped goat or beef ribs (Betawi:tangkar) and beef brisket cooked in coconut milk soup spiced with turmeric, garlic, shallot, chili, pepper, candlenut, cumin, galangal, coriander, cinnamon, Indonesian bay leaf (daun salam), and kaffir lime leaf.[39]
* Soto udang – use shrimps and coconut milk soup.[40]

## Accompaniments

[edit]

Soto Semarang from Semarang, chicken soto with cockles and tripes satay, fried tempeh, and perkedel

The following accompaniments are often eaten alongside soto:

* Stewed quail eggs or chicken eggs
* Cockles on a stick (sate kerang)
* Skewered grilled tripes (sate babat)
* Skewered grilled chicken giblets, such as intestine, gizzard, and liver satay (sate ati ampela dan usus)
* Fried chicken giblets
* Prawn crackers, sometimes crushed and mixed with crushed fried garlic as koya in Madura or Lamongan soto
* Gnetum seed crackers (emping)
* Fried tofu or tempeh
* Mashed potato patties (perkedel)
* Mung bean sprouts (tauge/kecambah)
* Hot chili sauce (sambal)
* Sweet soy sauce
* Fried shallot (bawang goreng)
* Spicy fried grated coconut (serundeng)
* Crackers (krupuk)
* Lime juice, sometimes replaced with vinegar
* Potato chips (Keripik kentang)
* Cabbage

## Ingredients

[edit]

Chicken soto with eggs and tripes satay

The meats that are most commonly used are chicken and beef, but there are also variations with offal, mutton, and water buffalo meat. Pork is seldom used in traditional Indonesian soto; however, in Hindu majority Bali, soto babi (pork soto) can be found.[32] The soup is usually accompanied by rice or compressed rice cakes (lontong, ketupat or burasa). Offal is considered as a delicacy: the rumen (blanket/flat/smooth tripe), reticulum (honeycomb and pocket tripe), omasum (book/bible/leaf tripe), and the intestines are all eaten.

Other ingredients of soto include soun alternatively spelled as sohun or bihun (rice vermicelli), mung bean sprouts and scallion. Common soto spices include shallots, garlic, turmeric, galangal, ginger, coriander, salt, candlenut, and pepper.

The colour, thickness and consistency of soto soup could vary according to each recipes. Soto can have a light and clear broth just like soto bandung, a yellow transparent broth (coloured with turmeric) like the one that can be found in soto ayam, or a rich and thick coconut milk or milk broth just like those in soto kaki or soto betawi.

Soto in Malaysia and Singapore has a certain expected clear-soup look made of chicken broth, with spicy taste mixed with rice cubes.[41] It seems that soto served there derived from common soto ayam type with a clear and slightly yellow-coloured broth, pretty much similar to East Javanese soto lamongan or soto madura. Like many dishes, it may have been brought into the country by the many Javanese migrants in the early 20th century.

## Gallery

[edit]

* Soto ayam, chicken soto in soup with turmeric and spices

* Soto sapi, beef soto from Yogyakarta

* Soto ambengan

* Soto babat, tripe soto

* Soto kikil, skin and ligament soto

* Soto babi, pork soto, a specialty of Balinese cuisine

* Soto ceker, chicken feet soto

* Soto Bandung, beef in clear broth with white radish and fried soy nuts

* Soto Betawi from Jakarta

* Soto kaki mencos (cow's foot tendons soto), a Betawi specialty

* Soto tangkar with rice

* Soto kemiri spiced with candlenut

* Soto Kudus, a type of chicken soto

* Sauto Tegal, chicken soto

* Tauto Pekalongan

* Soto Purwokerto

* Sroto Sokaraja, Banyumas

* Soto Madura with egg

* Soto Lamongan

* Soto Malang

* Soto Kediri

* Soto Padang, beef soto

* Soto Medan

* Soto Banjar

* Coto Makassar, beef soto

* Soto kambing, goat soto

* Soto mie Bogor, noodle soup dish

* A complete soto dish is usually served for breakfast in Yogyakarta and its surroundings

## See also

[edit]

* Food portal
* Indonesia portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Soto.

* Soto ayam
* Sop saudara, spicy Bugis-Makassar beef soup.
* Konro, Bugis-Makassar spicy cow's ribs soup, similar or related to ribs soto
* Tongseng, Javanese spicy mutton soup also related to soto
* Gulai, the Javanese gulai is soupy, similar to mutton or goat soto but slightly different in spices
* Empal gentong
* List of Indonesian soups
* List of soups

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Indonesian Chicken Noodle Soup (Soto Ayam)". Food.com. September 26, 2006. Retrieved August 15, 2014.
2. ^ a b Media, Kompas Cyber. "Kemenpar Tetapkan 5 Makanan Nasional Indonesia, Ini Daftarnya – Kompas.com". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2018-04-18.
3. ^ "A Soto Crawl". Eating Asia. March 21, 2009. Retrieved July 7, 2010.
4. ^ "Indonesia – Soto Ayam at Malioboro Country". Chowhound. October 29, 2011. Retrieved August 15, 2014.
5. ^ Sompotan, Johan (January 1, 2012). "Soto Siap Susul Rendang". Okezone.com. Retrieved August 15, 2014.
6. ^ "Saoto Soup (Surinamese-Javanese)". multiculticooking.com. 3 January 2009. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
7. ^ Frederik, Claudine (30 June 2002). "Varieties of 'soto' to please all types of palates". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
8. ^ 小川 (OGAWA), 尚義 (Naoyoshi) (1932). 臺日大辭典 (in Japanese and Minnan). Taihoku (Taipei): Governor-General of Taiwan. p. 395\. OCLC 25747241.
9. ^ a b Windratie (3 December 2014). "Jejak Akulturasi dalam Semangkuk Soto" (in Indonesian). CNN Indonesia. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
10. ^ Simatupang, Lono. Universitas Gadjah Mada Anthropology
11. ^ "'Cipratan' Luar Ke Dalam" (in Indonesian). Femina. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
12. ^ Endah Hulupi, Maria (22 June 2003). "Betawi cuisine, a culinary journey through history". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
13. ^ "Warga Asian Games menyukai soto di Asian Fest". Antara News Yogyakarta (in Indonesian). 31 August 2018. Retrieved 2021-03-25.
14. ^ a b Albala, K. (2011). Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia. Greenwood. p. 2-PA109. ISBN 978-0-313-37626-9. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
15. ^ "Soto Mera, Varian Soto Madura Dari Bangkalan". kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 4 April 2023.
16. ^ "Soto Banjarnegara". budparbanjarnegara.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 October 2022.
17. ^ a b c d e f "17 Jenis Soto Asli Indonesia dengan Cita Rasa Khas". fnbpreneur (in Indonesian). 2022-05-19. Retrieved 2022-09-15.
18. ^ Aisyah, Yuharrani (26 January 2021). "6 Kuliner Khas Banyuwangi dari Rujak Soto sampai Botok Tawon". kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 26 September 2022.
19. ^ Syaefudin, Arif (28 December 2017). "Kriuk Renyah Soto Klethuk yang Unik dari Blora". detikfood (in Indonesian). Retrieved 23 September 2022.
20. ^ Wisnu, Yesaya (2022-01-18). "Unik, Soto Tamanwinangun Khas Kebumen Gak Pakai Ayam & Sapi". Solopos.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-09-14.
21. ^ a b Rsp. Fav. ala Cake: Sop & Soto (in Finnish). Gramedia Pustaka Utama. p. 5\. ISBN 978-979-22-3106-9. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
22. ^ Fimela.com (2022-01-11). "Resep Soto Pacitan". fimela.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-09-14.
23. ^ Misyuwe, Misyuwe. "Coba Resep Kuliner Coto Manggala Khas Pangkalan Bun". kalteng.go.id (in Indonesian). Government of Central Kalimantan. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
24. ^ Erwin, L.T. (2008). 100 PTM: Sop & Soto. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. p. 6\. ISBN 978-979-22-3908-9. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
25. ^ "Bertahan Sejak Zaman Belanda, Soto Bangkong Kini Jadi Ikon Kuliner di Semarang". Tribun Jateng (in Indonesian). 6 December 2016.
26. ^ Basoni, Sonia. "Gurihnya Soto Kwali Khas Solo Langganan Megawati di Cipayung". detikfood (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-09-14.
27. ^ Apriyanti, Helma. "Soto Bongko". pikiran-rakyat.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 17 November 2022.
28. ^ "Menikmati Kuliner Unik Soto Gudangan Ungaran". jatengprov.go.id (in Indonesian). Central Java Government. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
29. ^ Von Holzen, H.; Arsana, L. (2013). Authentic Recipes from Indonesia. Tuttle Publishing. p. 53\. ISBN 978-1-4629-0535-5. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
30. ^ Harpham, Z.; Books, M. (2004). The Essential Wok Cookbook. Murdoch Books. p. 34\. ISBN 978-1-74045-413-1. Retrieved Feb 1, 2015.
31. ^ "kumpulan resep soto ayam" (in Indonesian). resepsotoayam.com. Archived from the original on October 26, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
32. ^ a b "Sup Babi ( Pig Soup ), Babi Guling Bu Rai Beras Merah" (in Indonesian). December 5, 2011. Retrieved August 15, 2014.
33. ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (2017-02-08). "Soto Ayam Sudah Biasa, Cicipi Soto Bebek Bu Siswo Khas Klaten Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-09-15.
34. ^ "Soto Ceker Kuta Is a Local Legend". Qraved. January 21, 2015.
35. ^ "Gandaria street food satisfies palates of all". The Jakarta Post. Jakarta. 7 November 2015.
36. ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (2021-11-21). "Resep Soto Lenthok Khas Yogyakarta, Kuah Beningnya Segar Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-09-14.
37. ^ Whitmarsh, A.; Wood, M. (2013). Jakarta: 25 Excursions in and Around the Indonesian Capital. Tuttle Publishing. p. 119\. ISBN 978-1-4629-0893-6. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
38. ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (2008-05-27). "Awas, Soto Ranjau!!". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-09-14.
39. ^ "Resep Soto Tangkar" (in Indonesian). Bango. Retrieved August 15, 2014.
40. ^ "Resep Soto Udang Khas Medan". indozone.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 8 April 2023.
41. ^ Ariffin, Nadge (2 January 2009). "The Authoritative Soto". Friedchillies.com. Retrieved 2 February 2015.

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Indonesian cuisine

Dishes|

| Common
Indonesian
dishes|

* Abon
* Acar
* Ayam bakar
* Ayam goreng
* Ayam kecap
* Ayam kodok
* Bakmi
* Bakpau
* Bakso
* Bakwan
* Bihun goreng
* Bubur ayam
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* Mi bakso
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* Otak-otak
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* Pindang
* Rendang
* Rijsttafel
* Roti bakar
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* Roti meses
* Rujak
* Sambal
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* Satay
* Sayur bayam
* Sayur sop
* Semur
* Serundeng
* Sop buntut
* Soto
* Soto ayam
* Soto mi
* Sup ayam
* Sup ercis
* Sup makaroni
* Sup wortel
* Tahu
* Tahu goreng
* Telur asin
* Telur pindang
* Tempeh
* Tumis kangkung
* Tumpeng

|

Acehnese|

* Ayam Tangkap
* Bhoi
* Kanji asyura
* Keukarah
* Keumamah
* Meuseukat
* Mi aceh
* Mi caluk
* Nasi gurih
* Roti Jala
* Sate matang
* Sie Reuboh

Arab|

* Asida
* Fahsa
* Falafel
* Hummus
* Kofta
* Manakish
* Katayef
* Nasi kabsah
* Nasi mandi
* Maamoul
* Marak
* Murtabak
* Roti maryam
* Roti pita
* Saltah
* Shawarma
* Tabbouleh
* Tharid

Balinese|

* Babi guling
* Betutu
* Be urutan
* Iga babi
* Laklak
* Lawar
* Matah
* Nasi bali
* Nasi jinggo
* Pai susu
* Rawon babi
* Rujak kuah pindang
* Sate babi
* Sate lilit
* Soto babi
* Tipat cantok

Banjarese|

* Bingka
* Laksa banjar
* Pekasam
* Soto banjar

Batak|

* Arsik
* Babi panggang Karo
* Dali ni horbo
* Dengke mas na niura
* Itak gurgur
* Lampet
* Manuk napinadar
* Mi gomak
* Na tinombur
* Ombusombus
* Pagit-pagit
* Pohulpohul
* Saksang
* Sasagun
* Sate kerang
* Tipatipa
* Tuktuk

Betawi|

* Asinan betawi
* Bubur cha cha
* Kerak telor
* Ketoprak
* Ketupat sayur
* Laksa betawi
* Lontong sayur
* Mi kangkung
* Nasi goreng kambing
* Nasi kebuli
* Nasi uduk
* Nasi ulam
* Pindang
* Roti buaya
* Roti gambang
* Rujak juhi
* Sate taichan
* Sayur asem
* Semur jengkol
* Soto betawi
* Soto kaki
* Soto tangkar
* Sup kambing

Buginese and
Makassar|

* Ayam goreng Sulawesi
* Burasa
* Coto makassar
* Dangke
* Jalangkote
* Kaledo
* Kapurung
* Konro
* Mi kering
* Pallubasa
* Sop saudara

Chinese|

* Babi hong
* Babi kecap
* Bak kut teh
* Bakkwa
* Bakwan
* Banmian
* Bihun goreng
* Cakwe
* Cap cai
* Chai tow kway
* Char kway teow
* Cha sio
* Fu yung hai
* Fish ball
* Haisom cah
* Ifumi
* Kembang tahu
* Kepiting saus tiram
* Kuaci
* Kwetiau ayam
* Kwetiau goreng
* Kwetiau siram sapi
* Lapchiong
* Locupan
* Lontong cap go meh
* Lumpia
* Mi ayam
* Mi lor
* Mi pangsit
* Mi tarik
* Mun tahu
* Nasi ayam hainan
* Nasi bebek
* Nasi campur
* Nasi tim
* Ngo hiang
* Pangsit
* Popiah
* Rujak shanghai
* Sapo tahu
* Sate babi
* Sekba
* Siomay
* Soto
* Sup hisit
* Sup sarang burung
* Swikee
* Tahu sumedang
* Tauge ayam
* Tee long pan
* Telur pitan
* Telur teh
* Tong sui
* Yong tau fu
* Yusheng

Cirebonese|

* Empal gentong
* Docang
* Kue gapit
* Mi koclok
* Nasi jamblang
* Nasi lengko
* Tahu gejrot

Gorontalese|

* Binte biluhuta
* Sate Tuna
* Ayam iloni
* Sagela
* Ilahe
* Bilentango
* Sate Balanga
* Ilabulo
* Nasi kuning cakalang
* Buburu
* Bubur sagela
* Nasi goreng sagela
* Tabu Moitomo
* Ikan iloni
* Pilitode

Indian|

* Appam
* Ayam mentega
* Ayam tandori
* Chapati
* Chutney
* Dosa
* Idli
* Laddu
* Kari kambing
* Kari kepala ikan
* Korma
* Modak
* Naan
* Nasi biryani
* Pakora
* Puttu
* Raita
* Roti canai
* Satti Sorru
* Sambar
* Samosa
* Satti Sorru

Indo|

* Ayam kodok
* Babi panggang
* Bitterballen
* Erwtensoep
* Hutspot
* Lapis legit
* Makaroni schotel
* Oliebol
* Ontbijtkoek
* Pannenkoek
* Poffertjes
* Shepherd's pie

Javanese|

* Apem
* Arem-arem
* Ayam bumbu rujak
* Ayam geprek
* Ayam goreng kalasan
* Ayam penyet
* Bakso
* Bakpia
* Bakpia pathok
* Botok
* Brongkos
* Buntil
* Gudeg
* Iga penyet
* Kamir
* Kelan antep
* Krechek
* Kuluban
* Lepet
* Lontong balap
* Lontong dekem
* Lontong kupang
* Lumpia
* Lumpia goreng
* Lumpia semarang
* Sumpia
* Mendoan
* Mi bakso
* Mi goreng
* Mi jawa
* Mi rebus
* Nasi ambeng
* Nasi bebek
* Nasi bogana
* Nasi empal
* Nasi gandul
* Nasi goreng
* Nasi goreng jawa
* Nasi kare
* Nasi kucing
* Nasi liwet
* Nasi megono
* Nasi pecel
* Nasi tempong
* Opor
* Opor ayam
* Pecel
* Pecel ayam
* Pecel lele
* Rambak petis
* Rawon
* Roti ganjel rel
* Roti konde
* Rujak cingur
* Rujak soto
* Sambal ulek
* Sate ambal
* Sate blora
* Sate kambing
* Sate hati
* Sate kelinci
* Sate kikil
* Sate klatak
* Sate madura
* Sate ponorogo
* Sate tegal
* Sate udang
* Sayur lodeh
* Selat solo
* Serundeng
* Soto babat
* Soto ceker
* Tahu campur
* Telur pindang
* Tempe bacem
* Tempe goreng
* Tempe mendoan
* Timlo
* Tongseng
* Trancam
* Tumpeng
* Urap

Madurese|

* Rujak
* Rujak cingur
* Sate madura
* Serundeng
* Soto madura

Malay|

* Amplang
* Ayam goreng
* Ayam pansuh
* Bubur cha cha
* Bubur pedas
* Cincalok
* Epok-epok
* Gulai
* Ikan bakar
* Ikan patin
* Kangkung belacan
* Kari
* Kemplang
* Laksa
* Mi kari
* Mi rebus
* Nasi berlauk
* Nasi briyani
* Nasi dagang
* Nasi goreng
* Nasi goreng pattaya
* Nasi lemak
* Nasi minyak
* Otak-otak
* Pekasam
* Pulut
* Roti canai
* Roti jala
* Roti john
* Roti tisu
* Sayur lodeh
* Siput gonggong
* Soto
* Sup kambing
* Tahu goreng
* Tempoyak
* Ulam

Minahasan|

* Ayam rica-rica
* Brenebon
* Cakalang fufu
* Dabu-dabu
* Klappertaart
* Mi cakalang
* Nasi kuning
* Panada
* Paniki
* Rica-rica
* Rintek wuuk
* Tinorangsak
* Tinutuan
* Woku

Minangkabau|

* Asam pedas
* Ayam pop
* Balado
* Daun ubi tumbuk
* Dendeng
* Gulai
* Gulai ayam
* Gulai kambing
* Gulai otak
* Kalio
* Kepiting saus padang
* Keripik sanjai
* Lemang
* Lontong gulai pakis
* Nasi kapau
* Nasi kari
* Nasi padang
* Palai bada
* Rendang
* Sambal lada muda
* Sate padang
* Soto padang
* Udang balado

Moluccan
and Papuan|

* Asida
* Babi bakar
* Bibingka
* Colo-colo
* Papeda
* Puding sagu
* Sagu
* Soto ambon

Palembang|

* Burgo
* Gulai
* Kemplang
* Laksan
* Lakso
* Mi celor
* Nasi minyak
* Otak-otak
* Pempek
* Pindang
* Tekwan
* Tempoyak ikan patin

Peranakan|

* Bubur cha cha
* Cincalok
* Laksa
* Pai ti
* Swikee

Sasak|

* Ayam taliwang
* Plecing kangkung
* Sate ampet
* Sate belut
* Sate pusut

Sundanese|

* Asinan bogor
* Batagor
* Empal gepuk
* Karedok
* Kupat tahu
* Laksa bogor
* Laksa tangerang
* Lalab
* Mi kocok
* Nasi timbel
* Nasi tutug oncom
* Oncom
* Pepes
* Rujak tumbuk
* Sate bandeng
* Sate maranggi
* Sayur asem
* Seblak
* Soto bandung
* Tauge goreng
* Uli bakar

Timorese|

* Feijoada
* Ikan bakar
* Katemak
* Pastel de nata
* Se'i

Snacks|

| Krupuk|

* Amplang
* Emping
* Kemplang
* Krupuk
* Krupuk ikan
* Krupuk kulit
* Krupuk udang
* Kripik
* Kripik sanjai
* Rempeyek
* Rengginang

|

Kue|

* Agar-agar
* Apam
* Ape
* Arem-arem
* Asida
* Bagea
* Bahulu
* Bakcang
* Bakpau
* Bakpia
* Bakpia pathok
* Bangkit
* Bibingka
* Bika ambon
* Bingka
* Bitterballen
* Bolen
* Bolu gulung
* Bolu kukus
* Bolu pandan
* Bugis
* Meuseukat
* Bulan
* Busa
* Cakwe
* Cilok
* Clorot
* Cubit
* Cucur
* Dadar gulung
* Dodol
* Donat jawa
* Donat kentang
* Gapit
* Geplak
* Gethuk
* Jalangkote
* Jemput-jemput
* Kaak
* Kaasstengels
* Kamir
* Karipap
* Kembang goyang
* Keranjang
* Klappertaart
* Klepon
* Kochi
* Kroket
* Ku
* Kukis jagung
* Laddu
* Laklak
* Lapis
* Lapis legit
* Leker
* Lemper
* Lidah kucing
* Lumpia
* Lumpia goreng
* Lumpia semarang
* Sumpia
* Lupis
* Madumongso
* Makmur
* Martabak
* Mangkok
* Mochi
* Modak
* Nagasari
* Nastar
* Ombusombus
* Onde-onde
* Pai susu
* Pai ti
* Panada
* Pancong
* Pastel
* Pastel de nata
* Pinyaram
* Pisang cokelat
* Pisang goreng
* Poffertjes
* Popiah
* Pukis
* Putri salju
* Putu
* Putu mangkok
* Putu mayang
* Rangi
* Rempah udang
* Risoles
* Samosa
* Satu
* Semar mendem
* Semprit
* Semprong
* Serabi
* Seri muka
* Sus
* Spekulaas
* Stroopwafel
* Talam
* Tapai
* Timphan
* Terang bulan
* Untir-untir
* Wajik
* Wingko

Beverages|

| Alcoholic|

* Arak
* Beer
* Brem
* Cap tikus
* Ciu
* Lapen
* Saguer
* Sopi
* Tuak

|

Non-alcoholic|

* Adon-adon coro
* Angsle
* Bajigur
* Bandrek
* Bir jawa
* Bir kocok
* Bir pletok
* Cendol
* Chocolate milk
* Cincau
* Dadiah
* Es asam jawa
* Es buah
* Es campur
* Es doger
* Es durian
* Es goyobod
* Es kelapa muda
* Es kopyor
* Es selendang mayang
* Es tebak
* Es tebu
* Es teler
* Hot chocolate
* Jahe telur
* Jamu
* Java coffee
* Kembang tahu
* Kopi aceh
* Kopi gayo
* Kopi luwak
* Kopi sanger
* Kopi susu
* Kopi tarik
* Kopi tiam
* Kopi tubruk
* Lahang
* Laksamana mengamuk
* Legen
* Milo
* Moke
* Ronde
* Sarsi
* Badak
* Indo saparelle
* Sekoteng
* Soda gembira
* Susu kedelai
* Sweet tea
* Teh botol
* Teh krisan
* Teh liang
* Teh poci
* Teh jahe
* Teh tarik
* Teh talua
* Wedang jahe
* Wedang uwuh

Bumbu|

| Spices|

* Adas manis
* Andaliman
* Asam jawa
* Bawang bombai
* Bawang merah
* Bawang perei
* Bawang putih
* Bunga lawang
* Bunga pala
* Cabai rawit
* Cabai merah
* Cengkih
* Daun bawang
* Daun jeruk
* Daun kari
* Daun kemangi
* Daun pandan
* Daun salam
* Jahe
* Jeruk purut
* Jeruk nipis
* Jintan
* Kapulaga
* Kayu manis
* Kecombrang
* Kencur
* Kemiri
* Ketumbar
* Keluak
* Kunyit
* Lengkuas
* Lada hitam
* Lada putih
* Lokio
* Pala
* Peterseli
* Seledri
* Serai
* Temu kunci
* Temu lawak

|

Seasonings
and condiments|

* Abon
* Acar
* Balado
* Bawang goreng
* Budu
* Coconut jam
* Cuka
* Dabu-dabu
* Hagelslag
* Kecap asin
* Kecap ikan
* Kecap inggris
* Kecap manis
* Kerisik
* Lalab
* Mayones
* Minyak samin
* Minyak wijen
* Minyak zaitun
* Moster
* Muisjes
* Nata de coco
* Peanut sauce
* Petis
* Petis ikan
* Rica-rica
* Sambal
* Sambal goreng teri
* Serundeng
* Saus tiram
* Saus tomat
* Tapai
* Tauco
* Tempoyak
* Terasi
* Tongcai
* Tuktuk
* Vlokken

Influences and
overseas dishes|

* Achat
* Asam pedas
* Ayam penyet
* Babi pangang
* Bami
* Bamischijf
* Begedil
* Biryani
* Bobotie
* Bobotok
* Boeber
* Dendeng
* Kalu dodol
* Koe'sister
* Lumpia
* Martabak
* Mie bangladesh
* Mie goreng
* Mie rebus
* Nasi ambeng
* Nasi goreng
* Nasi kuning
* Nasischijf
* Pechal
* Pisang goreng
* Rawon
* Rendang
* Rojak
* Roti canai
* Satay
* Sayur lodeh
* Serundeng
* Sosatie
* Soto
* Telur pindang
* Tempeh
* Tomato bredie

List articles|

* Indonesian beverages
* Indonesian condiments
* Indonesian desserts
* Indonesian dishes
* Indonesian noodles
* Indonesian snacks
* Indonesian soups

Related
topics|

* List of Indonesian dishes
* Alcohol in Indonesia
* Jamu
* Bumbu (seasoning)
* Street food of Indonesia
* Jajan pasar
* Sri Owen
* Nunuk Nuraini

* Category: Indonesian cuisine

* v
* t
* e

Singaporean cuisine

Articles|

* Singaporean cuisine
* List of Singaporean dishes

Dishes|

| Noodle dishes|

* Banmian
* Beef kway teow
* Beef noodle soup
* Bee hoon goreng
* Char kway teow
* Crab bee hoon
* Fish soup bee hoon
* Hokkien mee
* Laksa
* Katong laksa
* Kway chap
* Kway teow goreng
* Mee bakso
* Mee goreng
* Mee rebus
* Mee pok
* Bak chor mee
* Mee siam
* Mee soto
* Satay bee hoon
* Vegetarian bee hoon

|

Rice dishes|

* Biryani
* Duck rice
* Hainanese chicken rice
* Hainanese curry rice
* Ketupat
* Nasi goreng
* Nasi kunyit
* Nasi lemak
* Nasi padang
* Nasi Rawon
* Teochew porridge

Other dishes|

* Assam pedas
* Ayam goreng
* Ayam penyet
* Bak kut teh
* Bakso
* Black pepper crab
* Chai tow kway
* Char siu
* Chilli crab
* Dendeng paru
* Fish head curry
* Fish ball
* Gudeg putih
* Gulai daun ubi
* Har cheong gai
* Kerisik
* Naan
* Oyster omelette
* Pecel lele
* Pig fallopian tubes
* Pig's organ soup
* Rojak bandung
* Roti john
* Roti prata
* Satay
* Sayur lodeh
* Serunding
* Sliced fish soup
* Soto
* Soto ayam
* Soup kambing
* Turtle soup

Snacks and
desserts|

* Ais kacang
* Apam balik
* Bubur cha cha
* Cendol
* Cheng tng
* Curry puff
* Ham chim peng
* Kaya toast (Roti bakar)
* Keropok
* Kueh
* Laddu
* Modak
* Red peach cake
* Soon kueh
* Otak-otak
* Pisang goreng
* Putugal
* Sugee cake
* Satti Sorru

Drinks|

* Bandung
* Kopi
* Milo
* Milo dinosaur
* Singapore Sling
* Teh tarik

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