Southern Railway 4501

Preserved American Ms class 2-8-2 steam locomotive

Southern Railway 4501

Southern Railway No. 4501 idling at Summerville, Georgia, during an excursion layover, November 3, 2024

| Type and origin

Power type| Steam
Builder| Baldwin Locomotive Works
Serial number| 37085
Model| 12-48 1/4 E
Build date| October 1911
Rebuilder| Southern Railway
Rebuild date| 1940s
| Specifications

Configuration:
| ​
• Whyte| 2-8-2
• UIC| 1'D1'h
Gauge| 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Driver dia.| 63 in (1,600 mm)
Adhesive weight| 215,700 lb (97,800 kg)
Loco weight| 272,900 lb (123,800 kg)
Fuel type| Coal
Fuel capacity| Old tender: 12 t (12 long tons; 13 short tons)
New tender: 16 t (16 long tons; 18 short tons), formerly 18 t (18 long tons; 20 short tons)
Water cap.| Old tender: 8,000 US gal (30,000 L; 6,700 imp gal)
New tender: 13,000 US gal (49,000 L; 11,000 imp gal), formerly 12,500 US gal (47,000 L; 10,400 imp gal)
Boiler pressure| 205 psi (1.41 MPa), formerly 200 psi (1.38 MPa)
Feedwater heater| Worthington SA (added during its 2012-2014 overhaul)
Cylinders| Two, outside
Cylinder size| 27 in × 30 in (686 mm × 762 mm)
Valve gear| Walschaerts
| Performance figures

Power output| 2,700 hp
Tractive effort| 53,900 lbf (239.8 kN)
Factor of adh.| 4.00
| Career

Operators| Southern Railway
Kentucky and Tennessee Railway
Norfolk Southern Railway
Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum
Class| Ms
Number in class| 1st of 182
Numbers|

* SOU 4501
* K&T 12

Nicknames| The Big Engine (by K&T crews)[1]
The Green Mikado
Retired| July 1948 (1st retirement)
February 1964 (2nd retirement)
June 7, 1964 (3rd retirement)
September 20, 1998 (4th retirement)
Restored| October 7, 1948 (1st restoration)
June 6, 1964 (2nd restoration)
August 1966 (3rd restoration)
September 6, 2014 (4th restoration)
Current owner| Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum
Disposition| Operational
References:[2]

Mikado Locomotive No. 4501

U.S. National Register of Historic Places

Show map of Tennessee

Show map of the United States

Location| 2202 N. Chamberlain Ave., Chattanooga, Tennessee
Coordinates| 35°3′43″N 85°15′1″W﻿ / ﻿35.06194°N 85.25028°W﻿ / 35.06194; -85.25028
Built| 1911
Built by| Baldwin Locomotive Works
NRHP reference No.| 79002440
Added to NRHP| March 28, 1979

Southern Railway 4501 is a preserved 2-8-2 "Mikado"-type steam locomotive. Built in October 1911 by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, No. 4501 was the first of its wheel arrangement type for the Southern Railway (SOU). In July 1948, the locomotive was retired from revenue service in favor of dieselization and was subsequently sold to the shortline Kentucky and Tennessee Railway (K&T) in Stearns, Kentucky, to haul coal trains.

When the K&T was dieselized in 1964, No. 4501 was purchased by a railfan named Paul Merriman for $5,000 of his own money, and he brought it to Chattanooga, Tennessee. Shortly thereafter, it was returned to service for main line excursion service on the Southern's steam program started by the company's president, W. Graham Claytor Jr. in 1966 through Merriman's 4501 Corporation.

Repainted in SOU's passenger Virginian green and gold paint scheme, No. 4501 operated as the primary excursion attraction of Southern's steam program, until it was replaced with larger locomotives in 1985. In 1990, the locomotive returned to mainline excursion service, but in 1994, it was removed again when the SOU's successor, Norfolk Southern (NS), discontinued the steam program due to rising insurance costs and decreasing rail network availability.

No. 4501 then continued to operate for the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum (TVRM) in Chattanooga. Merriman was a founding member of the TVRM, and had donated No. 4501 from his personal property to the museum in 1975. Repainted into its original freight black livery in 1996, the locomotive was retired when its boiler ticket certificate expired in 1998.

In 2012, following the start of Norfolk Southern's 21st Century Steam Program and the success of the TVRM's Southern Railway 630's return to service, restoration work on No. 4501 began, with upgrades such as a feedwater heater and mechanical stoker. No. 4501's restoration was completed in 2014. As of 2025, the locomotive operates in tourist excursion service at the TVRM, particularly on longer trips to Summerville, Georgia and the TVRM's Missionary Ridge Local and Evening Ridge Runner excursions as needed.

## History

[edit]

### Design

[edit]

From 1911 to 1917, 182 Ms class 2-8-2 "Mikado" type steam locomotives were built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works, the American Locomotive Company, and the Lima Locomotive Works, to haul freight trains for the Southern Railway (SOU) and were numbered in the 4501-4635, 6250-6284, and 6600-6611 series.[3][4] They were designed with 63 in (1,600 mm) diameter driving wheels and an operating boiler pressure of 200 psi (1.38 MPa), and they were able to generate 53,900 lbf (239.8 kilonewtons) of tractive effort.[2]

Their tenders held a capacity of 12 tonnes (12,000 kg) of coal and 8,000 US gallons (30,000 L) of water.[5] Some of the Ms locomotives were equipped with Walschaerts (Nos. 4501-4603, 4624-4635) and Southern valve gears (Nos. 4604-4623), while the rest of the class were equipped with Baker valve gear.[5][6] In the 1940s, some of the locomotives were re-equipped with Worthington feedwater heaters, mechanical stokers, larger sand domes, larger tenders, and multiple-bearing crossheads to improve their performances.[6][7]

### Revenue service on the SOU and K&T

[edit]

No. 4501 was built by Baldwin in October 1911 at a cost of $23,182 as the first of its wheel arrangement type for the Southern Railway.[2][8] It was assigned to haul freight trains on many different divisions of the SOU system in Tennessee, Virginia, Kentucky, and Indiana.[1] In July 1948, the No. 4501 locomotive was retired from revenue service and was sent to be stored at SOU's Princeton Shops in Princeton, Indiana.[1]

On October 7 of the same year, the Kentucky and Tennessee Railway (K&T), headquartered in Stearns, Kentucky, purchased No. 4501 for $8,225 and renumbered it as their No. 12 locomotive.[1][8] No. 12 worked on the K&T hauling coal trains until February 1964, when the K&T purchased three ALCO S-2 diesel locomotives from the Denver and Rio Grande Western. No. 12, along with K&T's other steam locomotives, were consequently retired from revenue service.[1][8]

### First excursion service

[edit]

Shortly after the locomotive's retirement, railfan Paul H. Merriman purchased No. 12 for the 4501 Corporation with $5,000 of his own money and renumbered it back to 4501.[1][8] On June 6, 1964, after No. 4501 moved under its own power to Chattanooga from the K&T, an initial restoration was undergone by Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum (TVRM) volunteers at the facilities of the Lucey Boiler Company in Chattanooga near the TVRM's storage facilities, which were located on former Western Union Company trackage at the time.[1]

No. 4501 was disassembled for an extensive overhaul, with the thin cab floor, the rotted ash pan, and the rusty smokebox front replaced.[9] The dented cab roof was straightened, and a radio antenna was installed.[9] The cylinder cocks were reworked, and the throttle was lapped with a new air line run to the repacked reversing gear.[9] No. 4501 was repainted in the Southern passenger Virginian green and gold paint scheme, paying homage to the Ps-4 locomotives that were also painted in the livery.[9][10] After the restoration was completed in August 1966, the No. 4501 locomotive hauled its inaugural excursion train between Chattanooga and Richmond, Virginia, officially kicking off the SOU's new steam excursion program.[9][11][12]

In 1969, No. 4501 was upgraded with a larger tender. The tender had originally been used behind Central of Georgia 2-10-2 No. 773 until it was scrapped, following a June 1947 boiler explosion, and the tender was then used for a maintenance-of-way wreck train in Georgia.[13][14][15] The tender carried 18 tonnes (18,000 kg) of coal and 12,500 US gallons (47,000 L) of water, which significantly improved No. 4501's range and allowed it to accommodate longer distance runs.[13][a] In November 1969, during the 75th anniversary of the Southern Railway, an event called the Steam-O-Rama took place in Anniston, Alabama, on the Birmingham-Atlanta mainline.[17] It featured No. 4501, Savannah and Atlanta (S&A) No. 750, which had been restored by the National Railway Historical Society's (NRHS) Atlanta Chapter,[18] and London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) A3 No. 4472 Flying Scotsman, which was in the course of its US tour at the time.[17]

No. 4501 leading the Smoky Mountain Special excursion near Paint Rock, North Carolina, May 30, 1970

Throughout the summer of 1973, at the request of Trains magazine editor David P. Morgan and officials from the Chicago and North Western (C&NW), No. 4501 operated outside of Southern Railway property to haul a series of excursion trips in the Midwestern United States on trackage owned by the C&NW, the Milwaukee Road (MILW), the Illinois Central (IC), the Rock Island (RI), and the Norfolk and Western (N&W).[19][20][21] Arrangements were also made for No. 4501 to lead that year's Schlitz Circus World Museum (CWM) train on June 29, on the CN&W main line between Baraboo and Madison, Wisconsin, and on the MILW main line to Milwaukee.[20][21][b] The SOU allowed the CWM to use the locomotive free of charge.[21][22] From July 4 to July 9, No. 4501 hauled a long-distance excursion, called The Independence Limited, from Chicago to Washington, D.C.[23] During that journey, No. 4501 traveled over N&W and Western Maryland (WM) trackage.[23]

In 1975, Merriman donated the title of No. 4501 to the TVRM.[24] On September 1, 1977, No. 4501 travelled from Durham, North Carolina to Roanoke, Virginia, to participate in that year's NRHS Convention.[25] On September 3, No. 4501 hauled a NRHS doubleheader excursion behind Texas and Pacific 610 on the N&W from Roanoke to Lynchburg.[25][26] Upon arrival in Lynchburg, No. 4501 hauled eleven cars solo on the SOU main line to Altavista, and then it returned to Roanoke via N&W's former Virginian trackage.[25][26] Another doubleheader excursion with No. 610 was planned to run to Charlottesville on September 5, but pilot truck issues sidelined No. 610 in Roanoke, and No. 4501 had to haul the excursion with two diesel locomotives.[25][26]

On March 28, 1979, No. 4501 became listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).[2] On April 11, 1981, the locomotive suffered a cracked front flue sheet at Dalton, Georgia, while hauling an excursion trip from Atlanta to Chattanooga.[27][28] A diesel locomotive hauled the remainder of the trip, while No. 4501 was towed to the Irondale Workshop in Birmingham, Alabama, for a long-term rebuild, lasting until November 1984.[28][29] Following the rebuild, No. 4501 received a newly-welded tender tank with the coal capacity decreased to 16 tonnes (16,000 kg) and the water tank capacity increased to 13,000 US gallons (49,000 L).[13] The tender's former Andrews pilot trucks were replaced with modern roller bearing trucks.[29]

At the end of the 1985 operating season, the locomotive was retired from mainline excursion service and moved back to the TVRM, due to SOU's successor, Norfolk Southern (NS), expanding the steam program with larger N&W locomotives, 4-8-4 J class No. 611 and 2-6-6-4 A class No. 1218, to haul the longer and heavier excursion trains.[30] Five years later, in 1990, No. 4501 returned to mainline excursion service to operate on trackage that was off limits to the two N&W locomotives.[31]

On November 3, 1991, during the 25th anniversary of the Southern steam program, No. 4501 was triple-headed with Nos. 611 and 1218 on an excursion train of 28 passenger cars from Chattanooga to Atlanta.[32] At Ooltewah, Tennessee, No. 4501 hauled eight cars for a complete round trip, turning around at Cleveland, Tennessee.[32] Concurrently, the two N&W locomotives completed the rest of the trip to Atlanta.[32]

On April 30, 1994, No. 4501 hauled an NS mainline excursion trip out of Birmingham, and it was planned to arrive at Columbus, Georgia, but it was taken off at Alexander City, Alabama, due to overheated bearings, and NS GP59 diesel locomotive No. 4610 finished the rest of the trip.[33] On May 25, No. 4501 returned to TVRM, where it subsequently underwent some repairs.[34][c] In October that same year, NS executives announced that they would discontinue their steam program due to serious safety concerns, rising insurance costs, the expense of maintaining steam locomotives, and decreasing rail network availability from a surge in freight traffic.[33][36]

After Norfolk Southern ended their steam program in late 1994, No. 4501 remained at the TVRM.[37][38] Beginning in October 1995, when its repairs were completed, it solely hauled the museum's excursion trains through north Georgia on the Chattooga and Chickamauga Railway shortline.[37][38] In October 1996, the locomotive was repainted back to its original freight black livery for the TVRM's 35th anniversary.[37]

It continued to operate until it was removed from service on September 20, 1998, due to the expiration of its boiler ticket.[37] The TVRM quickly determined that No. 4501 required a thorough rebuild to obtain a new boiler ticket, and at the time, the museum did not have sufficient funding.[39] No. 4501 was then retired while the museum concentrated their efforts and investment on rebuilding SOU 2-8-0 No. 630. Another locomotive, ex-U.S. Army 2-8-0 No. 610, subsequently covered the TVRM's excursion schedules.[39][40]

### Second excursion service

[edit]

No. 4501 in storage at TVRM's Soule Shops in 2006

In June 2010, NS announced that they would run excursions with Nos. 4501 and 630, as part of their new 21st Century Steam program.[41] With No. 630 already in operating condition, the restoration of No. 4501 began at the TVRM's Soule Shops in 2012.[42]

During No. 4501's restoration, the locomotive received upgrades to its trailing wheels that included the addition of roller bearings to help guide the locomotive through curved tracks.[43] A Worthington SA type feedwater heater replica from a China Railways QJ Class 2-10-2 was installed on No. 4501 to improve the locomotive's performance.[43] Its tender received a mechanical stoker from Canadian National 5288, a 4-6-2 steam locomotive that was also on display at TVRM, but would later be sold to the Colebrookdale Railroad in 2023.[44][45] These modifications increased the locomotive's operating boiler pressure from 200 psi (1.38 MPa) to 205 psi (1.41 MPa), which created a slight increase in tractive effort.[46] The Armstrong lubricators that spring-loaded the driving wheels were replenished by an automatic lubricator from the North Yorkshire Moors Railway in North Yorkshire, England.[43]

No. 4501 preparing to depart East Chattanooga station with the Summerville Steam Special excursion, October 4, 2014

On September 6, 2014, No. 4501 was steamed up for the first time in 18 years, and it made its debut at TVRM's 2014 Railfest.[47][48][49] The locomotive made a test run from Chattanooga to LaFayette, Georgia, on the Chattooga and Chickamauga Railway line on September 25, in preparation for TVRM's upcoming annual Summerville Steam Special on October 4 that year.[50]

On May 1, 2015, No. 4501 returned to the Norfolk Southern main line for the first time in 21 years and successfully completed a test round trip from TVRM to Cleveland, Tennessee.[51] On June 26, No. 4501 began to participate in the 21st Century Steam program, running the Radford Rambler excursion from Bristol to Radford, Virginia.[52] On June 27, the locomotive pulled the Lonesome Pine Special excursion from Bristol to Bulls Gap, Tennessee, and ran the Radford Rambler again on June 28.[52] On September 12 and 13, No. 4501 hauled a round trip excursion from Chattanooga to Cleveland, during TVRM's 2015 Railfest.[52] Two weeks later, the locomotive hauled the Nancy Hanks Special excursion from Macon to Tennille, Georgia.[52][53]

No. 4501 was planned to run the Piedmont Limited round trip excursion from Atlanta to Toccoa, Georgia, on October 3 and 4, 2015, but it was canceled on October 1 due to Hurricane Joaquin, making the locomotive's career for the 21st Century Steam program short-lived.[54][55] Norfolk Southern officially ended their 21st Century Steam program, while No. 4501 remained at TVRM to continue excursion operations and became the main motive power for its annual Summerville Steam Special excursion from Chattanooga to Summerville, Georgia.[56][57]

In September 2019, No. 4501 was temporarily masqueraded as Louisville and Nashville J-3 Mikado No. 1593 for the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Historical Society annual convention.[58][59] On September 7, 2024, No. 4501 was temporarily masqueraded as Gulf, Mobile and Ohio No. 4382, as part of a Founder's Day night photo session.[60]

## Appearances in media

[edit]

* No. 4501 made its first feature film appearance in the 1971 film Fools' Parade in which it was repainted to resemble a Baltimore and Ohio steam locomotive.[61][62]
* No. 4501 is shown while under steam in the 1974 film Ridin' the Rails: The Great American Train Story.[61] A clip of this movie, with Johnny Cash at the throttle of the locomotive, was used in the music video for Hurt, which was covered by Cash.[49]
* No. 4501 starred in the 1976 television film Eleanor and Franklin with the number "1409" to represent one of the Ps-4 locomotives pulling the funeral train of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1945.[61]
* No. 4501 appeared several times in the 1978 film Summer of My German Soldier, set in Georgia during World War II.[61]
* In April 1998, No. 4501 was painted in N&W colors and equipped with a class J whistle, and it was ferried to Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) trackage for filming of the 1999 film October Sky.[63][64] Railroad photographer O. Winston Link made a cameo appearance in the film as the engineer driving No. 4501.[64]
* No. 4501 was the subject of the 2016 feature-length documentary And Then There Was One, which chronicles the history of the locomotive's career to that point.[65]

## See also

[edit]

* Baltimore and Ohio 4500
* Grand Canyon Railway 4960
* Grand Trunk Western 4070
* Nickel Plate Road 587
* Soo Line 1003
* Southern Railway 722

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ No. 4501's original tender would eventually be rebuilt and used behind Southern Railway 630 in 2011.[13][16]
2. ^ This was the final time a steam locomotive pulled the CWM's train before the annual Circus event was halted for a twelve-year hiatus.[20][22]
3. ^ The locomotive was meant to take part in the Atlanta Chapter NRHS convention in June 1994, but was called off due to some maintenance woes at TVRM.[33][35]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wrinn (2000), pp. 4–7.
2. ^ a b c d Carver, M.A. (September 1978). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form – Mikado Locomotive No. 4501". National Park Service. Archived from the original on February 24, 2019. Retrieved February 24, 2019.
3. ^ Drury (2015), p. 295.
4. ^ Drury (2015), pp. 297–298.
5. ^ a b Ranks & Lowe (1966), p. 65.
6. ^ a b Ranks & Lowe (1966), pp. 54–56.
7. ^ Ranks & Lowe (1966), p. 67.
8. ^ a b c d Boyd (2000), pp. 35–37.
9. ^ a b c d e Wrinn (2000), pp. 13–15.
10. ^ Boyd (2000), p. 38.
11. ^ Boyd (2000), p. 39.
12. ^ Gruber, John (November 21, 2011). "Southern 4501's first excursion". Trains. Kalmbach Publishing. Archived from the original on August 19, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
13. ^ a b c d Ray (2014), p. 27.
14. ^ "Throwback Thursday: Iconic Locomotive 4501 to ride again with Historically Sourced Tender: Discover the story behind the engine". Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum. August 17, 2023. Archived from the original on October 4, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2025.
15. ^ Wrinn (2000), p. 26.
16. ^ "Smoke & Cinders: Volume 49, Number 1; First Quarter 2010" (PDF). Smoke & Cinders. Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum. 2010. p. 2\. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 29, 2010. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
17. ^ a b Wrinn (2000), pp. 30–32.
18. ^ Wrinn (2000), p. 8.
19. ^ Wrinn (2000), pp. 39–41.
20. ^ a b c "Trains, July 2000". Trains. Kalmbach Media. July 2000. Archived from the original on January 13, 2023. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
21. ^ a b c Nelson (2013), p. 99
22. ^ a b Nelson (2013), p. 100
23. ^ a b Wrinn (2000), p. 42
24. ^ "Arrivals & Departures - Changes Hands". Trains. Vol. 35, no. 11\. Kalmbach Publishing. September 1975. p. 12. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
25. ^ a b c d "Railnews - The National Railway Historical Society". Railfan. Vol. 2, no. 2\. Carstens Publications. February 1978. pp. 14–15.
26. ^ a b c Wrinn (2000), p. 51
27. ^ Wrinn (2000), p. 57.
28. ^ a b Wrinn (2000), pp. 115–116.
29. ^ a b Wrinn (2000), p. 69.
30. ^ Wrinn (2000), p. 74.
31. ^ Wrinn (2000), p. 89.
32. ^ a b c Wrinn (2000), pp. 90–91.
33. ^ a b c Wrinn (2000), p. 100.
34. ^ Wrinn, Jim (January 1995). "Railroad News - Norfolk Southern drops its fires". Trains. Vol. 55, no. 1\. Kalmbach Publishing. p. 17. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
35. ^ "Norfolk Southern 1994 Steam Schedule" (PDF). Danville Flyer. Vol. 26, no. 4\. Danville Junction Chapter. April 1994. p. 11\. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 25, 2024. Retrieved May 8, 2025.
36. ^ Philips, Don (October 29, 1994). "Norfolk Southern plans to end nostalgic steam locomotive program". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 30, 2016. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
37. ^ a b c d Wrinn (2000), pp. 109–110.
38. ^ a b "Railroad News Photos - Back in Business". Trains. Vol. 56, no. 2\. Kalmbach Publishing. February 1996. p. 30. Retrieved December 2, 2024.
39. ^ a b "Preservation Points - Southern 4501 mothballed". Trains. Vol. 59, no. 12\. Kalmbach Publishing. December 1999. pp. 117–118\. Archived from the original on December 13, 2024. Retrieved December 13, 2024.
40. ^ Crisp, Adam (December 13, 2010). "100-year-old train engine being rebuilt". Chattanooga Times Free Press. Archived from the original on May 11, 2013. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
41. ^ "Mainline steam excursions could return to Norfolk Southern rails soon". Trains. Kalmbach Publishing. June 30, 2010. Archived from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
42. ^ Haman, Ansley (March 31, 2012). "Southern Railway 4501 back on track". Times Free Press. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
43. ^ a b c Wrinn, Jim (September 4, 2013). "Southern Railway 4501 is coming together at Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum". Trains. Kalmbach Publishing. Archived from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
44. ^ "Canadian National Railway 5288". Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum. Archived from the original on May 19, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
45. ^ Laepple, Wayne (April 10, 2023). "Colebrookdale Trust will acquire locomotive from Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum". Trains. Kalmbach Media. Archived from the original on April 27, 2023. Retrieved June 19, 2023.
46. ^ Ray (2014), p. 22.
47. ^ "TVRM's Historic Steam Locomotive #4501 Is Ready For Tennessee Valley Railfest". The Chattanoogan. John Wilson. August 27, 2014. Archived from the original on March 3, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
48. ^ "No. 4501 to debut Sept. 6-7 at Railfest in Chattanooga". Trains. Kalmbach Publishing. August 28, 2014. Archived from the original on April 2, 2017. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
49. ^ a b Edwards, Lynda (September 6, 2014). "A century of steam: Rare locomotive built in 1911 has been reborn following three-year restoration". Times Free Press. Archived from the original on December 24, 2016. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
50. ^ O'Bryant, Josh (September 28, 2014). "Restored railroad engine steams through LaFayette on shakedown run". The Chattanoogan. John Wilson. Archived from the original on March 3, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
51. ^ "Southern No. 4501 steams on main line". Trains. Kalmbach Publishing. May 1, 2015. Archived from the original on May 8, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
52. ^ a b c d "21st Century Steam". Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum. Archived from the original on June 14, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
53. ^ Timmerman, Jeremy (September 27, 2015). "Nancy Hanks steam engine in Macon draws passengers, spectators of all ages". Macon Telegraph. McClatchy. Archived from the original on February 24, 2017. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
54. ^ "Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum". Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum. Archived from the original on October 3, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
55. ^ "Hurricane forces excursion trains to cancel". Trains. Kalmbach Publishing. October 2, 2015. Archived from the original on November 10, 2015. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
56. ^ Gunnoe, Chase (December 22, 2015). "NS steam operations to focus exclusively on No. 611 next season". Trains. Kalmbach Publishing. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
57. ^ "Summerville Steam Special". Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum. Archived from the original on March 4, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
58. ^ "Southern 4501 to get makeover into L&N engine". Trains. Kalmbach Publishing. August 7, 2019. Archived from the original on August 8, 2019. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
59. ^ Flanary, Ron (August 7, 2019). "SR 4501 masquerades as L&N 1593". Trains. Kalmbach Publishing. Archived from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
60. ^ "Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum's Founders Day nighttime photo session". Chattanooga Times Free Press. September 9, 2024. Archived from the original on December 15, 2024. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
61. ^ a b c d Wrinn (2000), pp. 28–29.
62. ^ "Steam News Photos". Trains. Vol. 31, no. 5\. Kalmbach Publishing. March 1971. p. 17. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
63. ^ "Smoke & Cinders: Volume 37, Number 4; Fourth Quarter 1998". Smoke & Cinders. Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum. 1998. p. 2\. Archived from the original on June 8, 2001. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
64. ^ a b "Railroad News - Steam becomes rocket science on 4501 movie set". Trains. Vol. 58, no. 7\. Kalmbach Publishing. July 1998. p. 21\. Archived from the original on October 2, 2024. Retrieved May 16, 2024.
65. ^ "New Southern 4501 documentary highlights locomotive's history, caretakers". Trains. Kalmbach Publishing. September 12, 2016. Archived from the original on November 12, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2018.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Boyd, Jim (2000). The Steam Locomotive: A Century of North American Classics (1st ed.). Barnes & Noble. ISBN 0-7607-1627-7.
* Drury, George (2015). Guide to North American Steam Locomotives (2nd ed.). Kalmbach Publishing. ISBN 978-1-62700-259-2.
* Nelson, Bruce (2013). America's Greatest Circus Train (1st ed.). Heimburger House Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-911581-64-5.
* Ranks, Harold; Lowe, Shelby (1966). Southern Steam Power (1st ed.). Barnhart Press.
* Ray, G. Mark (May 2014). "Secrets of a Steam Star". Trains. Vol. 74, no. 5\. Kalmbach Publishing. pp. 18–27.
* Wrinn, Jim (2000). Steam's Camelot: Southern and Norfolk Southern Excursions in Color (1st ed.). TLC Publishing. ISBN 1-883089-56-5.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Morgan, David P. (1968). Locomotive 4501 (1st ed.). Kalmbach Publishing. ASIN B0006BW4DO.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Southern Railway 4501.

* And Then There Was One documentary on YouTube
* Southern Railway 4501
* Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum official website

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Steam Locomotives of the Southern Railway

Passenger Locomotives|

* B (4-4-0)
* C (4-4-2)
* F (4-6-0)
* P (4-6-2)
* Ps-4 (4-6-2)
* Ts (4-8-2)

Freight and Switching Locomotives|

* A (various)
* D (2-6-0)
* E (4-6-0)
* G, H, I, J (2-8-0)
* K (2-8-0),
* Ls (2-8-8-2)
* Ms (2-8-2)
* Ms-2 (2-8-2 Tractor)
* Ss (2-10-2)

Survivors|

* 107 (G)
* 154 (G)
* 385 (H-4)
* 401 (H-4)
* 542 (J)
* 630 (Ks-1)
* 722 (Ks-1)
* 1401 (Ps-4)
* 1509 (A)
* 1643 (A-7)
* 4501 (Ms)

Portals:

* National Register of Historic Places
* Trains
* United States

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