Special Operations Group (India)

Anti-insurgency force of the J&K Police

Not to be confused with Special Operation Group.

Special Operations Group

Agency overview
Formed| March 1994
Employees| 2300+
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdiction| Jammu and Kashmir

The Special Operations Group (SOG; also known as Jammu and Kashmir anti-militancy Task Force and JKP anti-militancy Task Force) is a 2300+-strong elite anti-insurgency force chosen from more than 100,000 troopers of the Jammu and Kashmir Police.[1] It was raised in 1994 with the idea of "involving the passive Jammu and Kashmir Police in the anti-terrorist activities and giving a local face to these operations".[1] The J&K police has since been very competent and on the frontlines in anti-terror activities. The SOG members are also the first targets of the militant groups and local separatists alike.[2][3]

The SOG till date conducts joint operations with other security forces in the region; one example is the 13 March 2000 operation in which Hizbul Mujahideen commander Hamid Gada[4] was killed, and the 6 May 2020 operation in which Hizbul chief Riyaz Naikoo was killed.[5][6] SOG are well trained and fight shoulder to shoulder with other forces .[7]

## Overview[edit]

In every district of the state, the Special Operations Group is headed by Superintendent Police (operations) or Deputy Superintendent Police (operations).[1] The recruits of the Special Operations Group are young men from all the regions of the state and reflect Jammu and Kashmir's various ethnic groups: Kashmiris, Gujjars, Dogras and Sikhs. Many of them have been the victims of militancy in the state. The group is a volunteer force comprising police officers and policemen. The volunteers come for different reasons: some genuinely want to fight anti-India insurgents, while some are motivated by the incentives offered.[1] In 2020, a BBC report said that every militant killed by the group earns it between ₹35,000 (US$440) and ₹50,000 (US$630), according to a police officer. Bonuses are paid for arresting the militants and capturing arms and ammunition. Other incentives for SOG personnel include out-of-turn promotions.[3]

Whenever there is a militant attack in Jammu and Kashmir, SOG personnel are the first ones to reach the spot.[1] In addition, SOG personnel have been regularly called in to control stone pelting incidents (usually CRPF does that in Valley) when the situation gets out of control for local police.[1] SOG has also conducted many cordon and search operations (CASO) in the main commercial hub of Lal Chowk. The group usually does not wear khaki uniform instead they wear camouflage uniform and cover their faces all the time. This elite force is said to set a dangerous precedent where armed officers are awarded promotions and money rewards for every terrorist eliminated. It is said to be the cause of many false shooting incidents where teenagers pelting stones are termed as violent armed terrorists.[3][citation needed]

In 2016, there were reports that SOG operations were being "thwarted" by hostile youth.[8] In 2019, the Special Operations Group (SoG) in each district of Jammu and Kashmir were given targets of "one or two terrorists they need to track and target single-mindedly". Assigning individual targets was a change from how militants were tracked previously.[9] SOG are also given training by the National Security Guard (NSG).[10]

## Criticism[edit]

### Usage of excessive force[edit]

The SOG was notorious for alleged human rights violations.[a][7] So much so that JK Peoples Democratic Party (JK PDP) made it an election promise. Mehbooba Mufti, who was the PDP Vice-president at the time, was quoted saying that the first thing they would do once in power was disband the SOG.[3]

> A commission would be set up to inquire into the allegations against Special Operations Group/security forces relating to disappearances and custodial killings. We demand stern punishment for those responsible for custodial killings.

> — People's Democratic Party manifesto

In 2003, when the JK PDP came into power, the SOG was disbanded.[2] However today the SOG are considered a model anti-insurgency force which could be replicated in other states.[7]

## Leadership[edit]

Farooq Khan, IPS was the first head of the Special Operations Group.[11]

## See also[edit]

* Counter Insurgency Force (West Bengal)
* Special Operation Group (Odisha)
* Greyhounds (police)
* Force One (Mumbai Police)
* Punjab Police SWAT Team
* Kerala Thunderbolts

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ "wherever the forces operate, whether the army, paramilitary, or the SOG, there are (always) allegations of abuse."[2]

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f Assad, Bashir (25 July 2019). "Lead Role of JK Police, Synergy in Anti-Terrorist Operations". VIF India. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
2. ^ a b c Hussain, Masood (25 February 2003). "Mufti disbands SOG, merges force with police". The Economic Times. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
3. ^ a b c d Peer, Basharat (October 2020). "SOG: Good guys or bad guys?". Rediff. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
4. ^ Swami, Praveen (1 April 2000). "The killing of Hamid Gada". Frontline (The Hindu). Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
5. ^ Das, Shaswati (6 May 2020). "Hizbul Mujahideen chief Riyaz Naikoo killed in encounter in Kashmir". Livemint. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
6. ^ Jameel, Yusuf (6 May 2020). "Burhan Wani's successor Riyaz Naikoo killed in Kashmir gunfight". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
7. ^ a b c Chandran, D. Suba. (December 2008) IPCS Issue Brief 88. Fighting Terrorism: Strengthen and Modernize the State Police. Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, 2008, www.jstor.org/stable/resrep09199. Accessed 14 Aug. 2020.
8. ^ Narayanan, M. K. (30 May 2016). "Adrift in the Valley". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
9. ^ Sen, Sudhi Ranjan (22 November 2019). "Over two dozen terrorists in Jammu and Kashmir Police's cross-hairs". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
10. ^ Sandhu, Kamaljit Kaur (28 December 2016). "NSG trains anti-insurgent 'Special Operation Group' of Jammu Kashmir Police". India Today. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
11. ^ "Former J&K top cop Farooq Khan is new Administrator of Lakshadweep". The Economic Times. 17 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2020.