Spike (missile)

Israeli anti-tank missile

For the U.S. Navy-designed missile of the same name, see NAVAIR Spike.

Spike

Spike ATGM Command & launcher unit (CLU) with mock-up Spike LR missile mounted on a tripod at Singapore Army Open House 2007

Type| Anti-tank guided missile
Air to surface missile (Spike NLOS)[1]
Place of origin| Israel
Service history
In service|

* 1981–present (Spike NLOS)
* 1997–present

Used by| See Operators (41 countries ordered it[2])
Wars|

* 1982 Lebanon War
* Second Intifada
* Iraq War
* 2006 Lebanon War
* War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
* Gaza War
* 2014 Gaza War
* Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
* Gaza war
* Iran–Israel War[3]

Production history
Designer| Rafael Advanced Defense Systems
Designed| Late 1970s (Spike NLOS)
Manufacturer| Rafael Advanced Defense Systems & EUROSPIKE GmbH

* Rafael Advanced Defense Systems
* Diehl Defence *Rheinmetall Defence Electronics
* ST Engineering (Singapore)

Unit cost| $249,966 (US Army Spike NLOS, 2022), $140,000 (German Spike LR, 2017)[4]
Produced|

* Spike NLOS: since early 1980s
* Spike MR/LR/ER: since 1997
* Spike SR: since 2012

No. built| 40,000 (2023)[5]
(7,000 fired)
Variants| See variants
Specifications
Mass| Spike ER from helicopter:

* Missile in canister:
34 kg (74 lb 15 oz)
* Launcher:
55 kg (121 lb 4 oz)
* Launcher + 4 missiles:
187 kg (412 lb 4 oz)

Spike MR/LR from tripod:[6]

* Missile round:
14 kg (30 lb 14 oz)
* Command & launch unit (CLU):
5 kg (11 lb 0 oz)
* Tripod:
2.8 kg (6 lb 3 oz)
* Battery:
1 kg (2 lb 3 oz)
* Thermal sight:
4 kg (8 lb 13 oz)

Spike SR:

* Missile in canister:
9.6 kg (21 lb 3 oz)

Length|

* Spike MR/LR:
1,200 mm (3 ft 11 in)
* Spike ER:
1,670 mm (5 ft 6 in)

Diameter|

* Spike MR/LR: 130 mm (5.1 in)
* Spike ER: 170 mm (6.7 in)

* * *

Rate of fire| Ready to launch in 30 seconds, 15 seconds to reload
Effective firing range|

* Spike SR:
50–1,500 m (55–1,640 yd)
* Spike MR: 200–2,500 m (220–2,730 yd)
* Spike LR: 200–4,000 m (220–4,370 yd)
* Spike LR 2: 200–5,500 m (220–6,010 yd)
* Spike ER: 400–8,000 m (440–8,750 yd)
* Spike ER 2: 400–10,000 m (440–10,940 yd)
* Spike NLOS: 600–25,000 m (660–27,340 yd)

Sights| 10× optical sight
Warhead| HEAT Tandem-charge

Detonation
mechanism

| Piezoelectric trigger

* * *

Engine| Solid-propellant rocket

Guidance
system

| Target acquisition (day and night capacity):

* Infrared seeker
* Charge-coupled device

Missile guidance:

* IIR homing
* CCD
* Combined CCD/IIR

Spike (Hebrew: ספייק) is an Israeli fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile and anti-personnel missile with a tandem-charge high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead. As of 2024[update], it is in its sixth generation.[7] It was developed and designed by the Israeli company Rafael Advanced Defense Systems. It is available in man-portable, vehicle-launched, helicopter-launched and maritime variants.

The missile can engage and destroy targets within the line-of-sight of the launcher ("fire-and-forget"), and some variants can make a top attack through a "fire, observe and update" method (essentially lock-on after launch);[7] the operator tracking the target, or switching to another target, optically through the trailing fiber-optic wire (or RF link in the case of the vehicle-mounted, long-range NLOS variant) while the missile is climbing to altitude after launch. This is similar to the lofted trajectory flight profile of the US FGM-148 Javelin.

## Design

[edit]

Cut away diagram of Spike ATGM. Frontal close-up of the Spike missile's Command & launch unit (CLU) with thermal-imaging sight, tripod mount and an attached dummy missile canister.

Spike is a fire-and-forget missile with lock-on before launch and automatic self-guidance. The missile is equipped with an imaging infrared seeker.

The long and extended range versions of the Spike also have the capability of "Fire, Observe and Update" operating mode (also known as Lock-on after launch (LOAL)). The missile is connected by a fiber-optical wire that is spooled out between the launch position and the missile. With this, the operator can obtain a target if it is not in the line of sight of the operator at launch, switch targets in flight, or compensate for the movement of the target if the missile is not tracking the target for some reason. Hence, the missile can be fired speculatively for a target of opportunity, or to provide observation on the other side of an obstacle. The missile has a soft launch capability – the motor firing after the missile has left the launcher – that allows the missile to be fired from confined spaces, which is a necessity in urban warfare.

The missile uses a tandem warhead consisting of two shaped charges: a precursor warhead to detonate any explosive reactive armor, and a primary warhead to penetrate the underlying armor. Currently, it is replacing aging semi-automatic command to line of sight second generation anti-tank missiles like the MILAN and M47 Dragon in the armies of the user nations. Spike missile is also equipped with heat chasing technology.

The Spike system is made up of the launching tripod with its fire control unit and the missile. There is no dedicated thermal sight on the launcher: the missile's imaging seeker is used. Altogether, the long range variant of the system weighs around 26 kg (57 lb).

Spike can be operated from the launcher by infantry, or from mounts that can be fitted to vehicles such as fast attack vehicles, armoured personnel carriers or utility vehicles. Vehicles that are not normally fitted with anti-tank weapons can therefore be given anti-tank capability.

Spike has been tested as a weapon system for the SAGEM Sperwer unmanned aerial vehicle. The Spanish Army has fitted the Spike ER to its Eurocopter Tiger attack helicopters.[8][9] Both Israel and the United States have experimented with arming Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters with the Spike missile; the US variant is used in UH-60M Battlehawk helicopters.[10]

## Marketing

[edit]

In order to facilitate the selling of the weapon system in Europe, the company EuroSpike GmbH was formed in Germany. Its shareholders are Diehl Defence (40%), Rheinmetall Defence Electronics (40%) and Rafael via ERCAS B.V (20%). ERCAS B.V. is a Dutch holding company owned 100% by Rafael.

EuroSpike GmbH is located in Röthenbach, Germany. The European variant of the Spike weapon system differs a little from the Israeli version and is marketed under the name EuroSpike.[11]

The missiles were also marketed and produced under license in Singapore by ST Engineering.[12] For other areas of the world, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. is solely responsible.[13]

Rafael state over 40,000 missiles had been delivered to 41 countries by 2023, of which about 7,000 had been used in trials, training, and combat.[5]

## Variants

[edit]

### Firing post

[edit]

#### Command & Launch Unit (CLU)

[edit]

The reusable Command & launch unit (CLU), battery, tripod and the thermal sight are common for both MR and LR versions of the Spike missile family, each weighing 5 kg (11 lb), 1 kg (2.2 lb), 2.8 kg (6.2 lb), and 4 kg (8.8 lb) respectively.[6]

#### Integrated Control Launch Unit (ICLU)

[edit]

They are used for the newer variants LR2 and ER2 variants.[14]

#### Vehicle Missile Launching System (VMLS)

[edit]

Launching system used on all turrets equipped with the Spike missile. The Spike LR, ER and NLOS as well as the modernised variants can be used with these systems.[14]

### Missiles

[edit]

#### Spike SR

[edit]

The short range version of the weapon was unveiled in 2012 to give infantrymen a guided missile between the larger Spike MR and unguided rockets.[15] The missile is 8 kg (18 lb) for a 9.8 kg (22 lb) disposable munition for use at platoon-level whose minimum range is 50 m (160 ft) and whose maximum range is 1.5 km (0.93 mi). It is equipped with a stiff-necked uncooled electro-optical infrared seeker and advanced tracker, as opposed to the gimballed seeker in the Spike MR/LR/ER versions.[16] The Spike SR does not require a separate sight, instead utilizing the low-cost thermal camera and guidance electronics strapped to the missile's nose to provide this function through a display integrated into the launcher, showing the target until launch.[17] The warhead can either be a multi-purpose tandem shaped-charge warhead with blast-fragmentation effect[15] or a new Penetration-Blast-Fragmentation (PBF) variant leveraged from the MATADOR's anti-structure warhead to equip maneuvering forces in urban environments to breach enemy cover and structures with a lethal blast effect.[16] In May 2016 Rafael concluded deliveries of Spike SR to its first export customer,[18] later revealed to be the Singapore Armed Forces to replace the Carl Gustaf M2.[19]

Israeli soldier with MR/LR type Spike launcher

#### Spike MR

[edit]

The medium range version (Israeli designation: NT-Gil). The weight of the missile is 14 kg (31 lb), its minimum range is 200 m, while its maximum range is 2,500 m (1.6 mi). It is used by infantry and special forces.[20]

#### Spike LR

[edit]

Long range version (Israeli designation: NT-Spike). The weight of the missile is 14 kg (31 lb), and the weight of the complete system is less than 45 kg (99 lb).[21] Maximum range is 4,000 m (2.5 mi) and it is used by infantry and light combat vehicles. It adds fiber-optic communication to and from the operator during flight.[22] Reported armour penetration capability is more than 700 mm (28 in) of Rolled homogeneous armour (RHA).[23] It is also deployed in Sentry Tech remotely controlled weapons stations along the Gaza border.[24] In early 2014, Rafael revealed they had increased the range of the Spike LR to 5.5 km (3.4 mi), enhancing versatility on existing firing platforms and allowing it to be utilized on new ones like light helicopters.[25]

#### Spike LR2

[edit]

Spike LR2

A new generation of the original Spike LR is in full-scale development and scheduled to be operational by the end of 2018[needs update]. Spike LR2 (Israeli designation: Gil-2, גיל 2) has a reduced missile weight to 13 kg (29 lb), and a reduced total system weight of 25 kg, increased range of 5.5 km (3.4 mi) at ground level and 10 km (6.2 mi) from helicopters using an RF data-link.[26] Warhead options of tandem HEAT with 30% increased armor penetration or a multipurpose blast warhead with selectable impact or penetration detonation fusing, a new seeker that includes an uncooled IR sensor with a smart target tracker with artificial intelligence features, the ability to fire on grid target coordinates using an inertial measurement unit for third party-target allocation, and is compatible with legacy launchers. The missile is designed with a counter-active protection system (CAPS) capability, being able to hit targets at higher impact angles of up to 70 degrees.[14][27][28] First ordered by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in October 2017.[29]

#### Spike ER

[edit]

Spike ER missiles mounted on a Rafael Typhoon MLS-ER Remote Weapons System on board an MPAC Mk. III attack boat of the Philippine Navy.

Extended range or extra-long range version of the weapon (Israeli designation: NT-Dandy or NT-D). It has a minimum range of 400 m and a maximum range of 8,000 m (5.0 mi).[30] It has a larger diameter and is heavier than the other systems, and is usually vehicle mounted. It is used by infantry, Light Combat Vehicle (LCVs), and helicopters. The Finnish Navy's Coastal Jaegers and Philippine Navy's Multi-purpose Attack Craft Mk.III also operate this version in the anti-ship role. The weight of the missile is 34 kg (74 lb 15 oz), the launchers are 30 kg (66 lb) and 55 kg (121 lb) respectively for the vehicle and air-launched versions. Penetration is around 1,000 mm (39 in) of RHA.[23]

A maritime version of the Spike ER, with a stated range of up to 10 kilometres (5.4 nmi) and equipped with an electro-optical guidance system. The deck launcher can hold 4 missiles.[31]

#### Spike ER2

[edit]

In August 2018, Rafael disclosed the development of an enhancement of the missile called the Spike ER2. It retains the same weight, airframe, surface geometries, and propulsion unit but introduces a two-way RF data-link to increase real-time control to an extended range of 16 km (9.9 mi) from helicopters; it also has an extended fiber optic link to increase range to 10 km (6.2 mi) from land and naval platforms.[32]

#### Spike NLOS

[edit]

A Bulgarian Land Forces militarised Land Cruiser 70 with a Spike NLOS Mk.5 launcher.

"Non Line Of Sight" is an ultra long-range version of the weapon (Israeli designation: Tamuz, תמוז), with a claimed maximum range of 32 km (20 mi). It is a significantly larger missile than other Spike variants, with an overall weight of around 70 kg (150 lb). It can be launched from the ground or from helicopters. It was developed following lessons learned in the Yom Kippur War, which showed a need for a high-precision guided tactical ground-to-ground battlefield missile. The first variants entered service with the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in tandem with the Pereh missile carrier in 1981, though the existence of both was not revealed to the public until 2011.[33][34][35] The Spike NLOS uses a fiber optic link similar to other Spike versions, but only out to 8 km, after which it employs a radio data link for command guidance.[36]

In 2011 it also became known that in a highly unusual move, the British Army was hastily equipped with the missile for counter-mortar fire, drawn directly from IDF inventory after being exposed to increasing insurgent attacks in Iraq. Beginning in 2007 three variants of the NLOS were procured. A total of 600 missiles were acquired, the breakdown being 200 optical camera equipped NLOS Mk.2 in 2007, 200 thermal imaging equipped NLOS Mk.4 in 2008 for night operations (together with the NLOS Mk.2 these were known as EXACTOR-1), 200 dual camera equipped NLOS Mk.5 (EXACTOR-2) followed in 2009 which featured wings for slower but better maneuvering flight and a multi-purpose warhead replacing the anti-armor warhead of previous versions.[37] For operational security, the codename of 'EXACTOR missile' was assigned in British service and it was initially mounted on launchers atop leased M113 APCs. The NLOS Mk.2 performed badly being too fast and difficult to control, the M113 overheated in the desert and had a poor resolution camera display that compared unfavorably with its contemporaries.[38] So Britain financed the development of the NLOS Mk.5 known in British service as the EXACTOR 2 which replaced the M113 APC with a towed trailer known as SPARC holding four missiles in a 360-degree rotating turret that could be remotely controlled up to 500 m away[39] ditching the non-standard M113 APCs altogether when in 2010 the batteries were transferred from Iraq to Afghanistan.[40][41]

In a deal concluded on 6 September 2011, the South Korean government had agreed to purchase an unknown number of Spike NLOS Mk.5 missiles.[42][43]

Rafael is working on expanding the missile's versatility by enhancing the existing EO-IR/CCD seeker with semi-active laser (SAL) capability and different anti-armor, blast-penetration, and high-explosive fragmentation warheads to meet specific applications.[25]

In 2020 the US Army announced its intention to procure Spike NLOS missiles to be mounted on Apache helicopters.[44] A test was conducted in March 2021 where an AH-64E fired a Spike NLOS at a target 32 km (20 mi) away and scored a direct hit.[45]

In June 2022, Rafael unveiled the Spike NLOS 6th generation with range increased to 50 kilometres (31 mi), a salvo feature which can launch up to four missiles at a time, and the ability to hand over control after firing to another platform. It also has a Target Image Acquisition capability that can prioritize important targets for strike, and can be carried by strategic UAVs in the Heron-TP-class.[46][47]

The Israeli Navy uses a maritime version of the Spike NLOS, with a stated range of up to 32 kilometres (17 nmi) and equipped with a dual passive electro-optical guidance system and an infrared imaging camera with image processing capabilities. The deck launcher is available for 8 or 4 missiles.[48][49]

#### Mini Spike

[edit]

On 2 September 2009, at an IDF exhibition held at the third Latrun annual land warfare conference, the Israeli Defense Force unveiled the Mini Spike Anti-personnel guided weapon (APGW).[50][51] Rafael claimed that this missile costs and weighed only a third of the Spike LR at 4 kg (8.8 lb), while offering a longer engagement range of 1.3–1.5 km (0.81–0.93 mi) when compared to the Spike SR. It was to introduce new flight modes to enable precision strikes in urban areas, such as flying through windows or attacking an enemy hidden behind defilade or obstacles using non-line-of-sight engagement. Mini Spike would use the same launcher and sight system of the Spike LR, loading the missile on a special adaptor.[17][52] By 2016, Mini Spike development had been discontinued.[16]

#### Aerospike

[edit]

In May 2022, Rafael unveiled the Aerospike, a version of the Spike LR2 designed to be launched from fixed-wing aircraft. Weighing 14 kg and utilizing the same airframe, EO/IR seekers and warheads as the Spike LR2, it features longer wings to give it an improved glide ratio for a range of 30 km (19 mi) when launched from 8,200 metres (27,000 ft). The munition does not require GPS to navigate, incorporating scene-matching technology and detection and tracking capabilities. A real-time RF data-link allows for man-in-the-loop operation enabling mid-flight target handover, re-targeting and abort options while also controlling approach angle, azimuth and flight trajectory, achieving accuracy within 3 meters of the target with a HEAT or blast fragmentation warhead. By the time of public announcement, the Aerospike was already in service with unnamed users.[53][54][55]

### Missile copies

[edit]

#### Almas

[edit]

Iran received some Israeli Spike MR that were captured during the 2006 Lebanon War by Hezbollah.[56] These were reverse-engineered into an unlicensed variant of the Spike family that goes by the name of Almas (Persian: الماس).[57] The ATGM was unveiled in public on 7 July 2021.[57] It was shown overseas at the MILEX 2023 exhibition held in May in Belarus[58] and at the Partner 2023 exhibition held in September in Serbia.[59]

On 25 January 2024, a video was released that appeared to show Hezbollah forces using the system against an Israeli surveillance outpost[60] at Shlomi.[61] On 27 January 2024, another attack involving the Almas was reported at Rosh HaNikra.[61]

## Integration to vehicles and systems

[edit]

### Australia

[edit]

Boxer CRV

#### Vehicle integration

[edit]

Boxer CRV:

* Order of the Spike LR2 for 133 CRV in 2023.[62] The combat reconnaissance vehicle is equipped with a Rheinmetall Lance turret, which integrates a launcher with 2 MELLS missiles.

K21 Redback

* 129 IFV ordered and to be equipped with a double Spike LR2 launcher on its turret.[63]

Eagle V

### Denmark

[edit]

#### Vehicle integration

[edit]

Eagle V

* Number purchased has not been disclosed mounted in Kongsberg Protector RWS[64]

Piranha V

#### Future vehicle integration

[edit]

Piranha V

* Number purchased has not been disclosed mounted in Kongsberg Protector RWS ready for 2025[64]

CV90 MK III MLU

CV90

* A total of 44 older CV90 Mk III are to receive the MLU update featuring the D-Series turret[65] with integrated Spike LR2.[66] Upgraded expected to run between 2025 and 2029
* Additional order of 115 CV90s with D-Series turrets delivery estimated to run between 2026 and 2029[67]

### Germany

[edit]

#### System integration

[edit]

* March 2017, contract to integrate the Spike LR (MELLS) to the AGDUS system (Bundeswehr's laser based training and simulation system) for €20.3 million.[68]

#### Vehicle integration

[edit]

MELLS launcher on Puma Wiesel 1 AWC - MELLS Boxer IFV with KNDS RCT-30 turret

Spz Puma

* December 2008, contract to integrate and prototype the double MELLS launcher on two Puma for €18 million.[69]
* February 2009, contract to develop the double launcher on the turret of the Puma further for €68 million.[70]
* Contracts to bring the Puma to the S1 standard, among which integrates the MELLS double launcher to the fleet:
* 2018, upgrade of 40 Puma.[71]
* June 2021, upgrade of 154 Puma.[72]
* April 2023, upgrade of 143 Puma.[73][74]

Marder 1A5

* 2017, integration of MELLS mounts to replace the MILAN missile.[75]

Wiesel 1 AWC - MELLS (weapon carrier), entered service in 2022:[76]

* Upgrade of 60 Wiesel 1 TOW that were equipped with the BGM-71 TOW missile to a new standard which integrates the MELLS missile on a mount.[77][78]

#### Aircraft integration

[edit]

* Airbus H-Force equipped with the Spike ER2, can be adapted to the H125M, H145M, H225M.[79][80]

#### Future vehicle integration

[edit]

GTK Boxer

* March 2024, contract for 123 Boxer CRV equipped with a Rheinmetall Lance turret, which integrates a launcher with 2 MELLS missiles.[81][82]
* Plan to order 148 wheeled IFV equipped with the KNDS RCT-30 turret (same as the Spz Puma), two potential MELLS launchers were presented to the Bundeswehr.[83]

### Italy

[edit]

#### Potential vehicle integration

[edit]

Freccia:[84]

* Freccia EVO Combat, to be equipped with a remote Hitfist OWS turret with 30 mm autocannon and a Spike LR2 missile.
* 120 Freccia EVO Reconnaissance, to be equipped with a remote Hitfist OWS turret with 30 mm autocannon and a Spike LR2 missile launcher, plus a Janus sensor mast.

### Israel

[edit]

#### Future UAV integration

[edit]

* Golden Eagle HS (Heavy Strike), a 50 kg rotary UAS (unmanned aerial system) by Steadicopter that can be equipped with the Spike SR and the Spike LR2.[85]

### Netherlands

[edit]

CV90 MK III MLU

#### Vehicle integration

[edit]

CV90:

* Integrated in the CV90 MK IIIs D-Series turret[86]

### Poland

[edit]

#### Vehicle integration

[edit]

Infantry fighting vehicles on order, to be equipped with a launch container for 2 Spike LR missiles on the right of the ZSSW-30 turret:

* 128 KTO Rosomak
* 70 ordered in 2022[87]
* 58 ordered in July 2024[88]
* 174 KTO Rosomak-L ordered in July 2024[89]

#### Potential vehicle integration

[edit]

Infantry fighting vehicles planned to be equipped with a launch container for 2 Spike LR missiles on the right of the ZSSW-30 turret:

* BWP Borsuk (unknown quantity in IFV variant yet.)[90][91]
* Heavy IFV, up to 700 planned, based on the chassis of the K9 Thunder.[92]

### Spain

[edit]

#### Vehicle integration

[edit]

Piranha V (Dragon VCR):

* 40 of the 219 in the VCR variant (an armoured fighting vehicle) will be equipped with a Guardian 30 turret (by Escribano) that has a retractable launcher for 2 Spike LR2 missiles.[93]

#### Aircraft integration

[edit]

* EC-665 Tiger HAD/HAP[94]

#### Potential vehicle integration

[edit]

Piranha V (Dragon VCR) from the first order:[95]

* 58 Dragon VEC (reconnaissance)
* 14 Dragon VCR-PC (company command post)

## Operational use

[edit]

### 2020 Second Nagorno-Karabakh War

[edit]

Azerbaijan used Spike missiles on Armenian T-72 tanks during Second Nagorno-Karabakh War.[96]

### 2023 Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip

[edit]

During the 2023 Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip, the Israeli Navy attacked Hamas targets on the Gaza Strip coastline using Spike NLOS missiles.[48]

Reports state that the IDF used Spike missiles fired by a Hermes 450 drone to target an armed militant travelling in a World Central Kitchen convoy in Gaza; the militant had already left the vehicle and the resulting strike killed seven WCK aid workers.[97][98][99]

### June 2025 Israeli strikes on Iran

[edit]

As part of Israel’s Operation Rising Lion, Mossad agents used remotely controlled Spike Non-Line-Of-Sight missiles to strike Iranian targets on the ground, such as aircraft or missile launchers. The launchers were latter recovered by Iranian officials.[100]

## Operators

[edit]

Map with Spike operators in blue

### Current and future operators

[edit]

Australia
Spike LR2 selected by the Australian Army in 2018 [101][37]

* LAND 159, for dismounted infantry
* LAND 400-2, equipping the 211 Boxer CRV with LANCE turret
* LAND 400-3, equipping the 129 K21 Redback Australia is also considering plans to domestically manufacture Spike missiles.[102]

Azerbaijan
Total 350 Spike LR and 250 Spike NLOS missiles, some of which are mounted on the Plasan Sand Cat,[37] and Mil Mi-17.[103]
Belgium
240 Spike MR and Spike LR missiles ordered in 2013, delivery completed in 2015.[37]
Bulgaria
Unspecified number of Spike NLOS Mk.5 launchers procured. Seen in public for the first time at HEMUS 2022.
Brazil
100 Spike LR2 missiles ordered in November 2021 with 10 launchers and 10 simulators, delivered in 2024.[104][105]
Canada
Spike LR missiles since 2016 as part of CANSOFCOM.[106] In December 2023, Canada announced the purchase of Spike LR2 missiles to equip the Canadian Brigade in Latvia.[107] In December 2024 the DND confirmed that the majority of the first batch of missiles received did not function properly during testing.[108]
Chile
Total 3,500 Spike MR, Spike LR and Spike ER missiles, for use on modernised Marder IFVs.[37]
Colombia
Total of 85 Spike LR and ER, and 110 Spike NLOS missiles. that arm the Colombian Air Force's fleet of Sikorsky AH-60L Arpía IV helicopters.[37][109][110]
Croatia
The Croatian Army purchased launchers capable of launching the Spike LR for 9 Patria AMV IFV, later on, an additional order for 7 IFV was made. The missiles were ordered separately.[111][112]
Note: the dismounted infantry troops use the Javelin.[113][114]
Cyprus
Several Spike LR2 launchers to be fitted onto 60 ENOK AB's.[115]
Czech Republic
Total of 500 Spike LR missiles, for use on Pandur II IFVs.[37]
Denmark
The Spike LR 2 has been integrated in the Royal Danish Army since 2021 and deliveries are planned until 2025. Used on Eagle V while planned for Piranaha V and CV90[116][117][118]

Estonia
18 iCLU launchers bought from EuroSpike GmbH for the Spike LR2, and more than 500 Spike SR systems purchased in 2022.[119][120][121]
Finland
Missiles ordered:[37]

* 300 Spike MR
* 200 Spike LR
* 400 Spike ER
* Additional Spike SR, LR2, ER2 ordered in December 2022 for a value of €223.6 million.[122]

Launchers ordered:

* 100 CLU (Panssarintorjuntaohjusjärjestelmä 2000) launchers plus an option for 70 more
* 18 ER (Rannikko-ohjus 2006) launchers for coastal anti-ship use.[123]

Germany
Purchased by the German Army to replace the BGM-71 TOW and MILAN missiles. As of October 2024, 525 iCLU launcher units (integrated Control Launch Unit) were ordered and 4,326 MELLS missiles (Spike LR), and an unknown number of Spike LR2 missiles.
Detailed orders of the German Army:

* June 2009, 311 iCLU launcher units for the MELLS missile ordered for €35 million and there is an option for 1,160 missiles as part of the contract.[124][125][126]
* December 2011, 1,160 MELLS missiles ordered as per the option of the 2009 contract (€119.3 million).[127]
* March 2017, 1,000 MELLS missiles (€112.4 million) and 97 iCLU launcher units (€25.6 million) ordered.[68]
* November 2019, framework agreement for up to 11,500 MELLS missiles and 214 iCLU launcher units:[128] Firm orders within this framework agreement:
* November 2019, 1,500 MELLS missiles and 132 iCLU launcher units ordered.[128][129]
* March 2021, 666 MELLS missiles and 82 iCLU launcher units ordered for €88 million.[130][129]
* September 2024, unknown number of MELLS LR2 (Spike LR2) missiles for €700 million.[131][132]

Greece
In April 2023, Greece ordered 17 Spike NLOS systems on 4×4 vehicles, plus more on 9 AH-64 Apache helicopters and 4 Machitis-class gunboats.[133][134]
Hungary
The Spike LR2 will equip the IFV variant of the KF-41 Lynx, equipped with the Rheinmetall LANCE turret.[135]
India
Orders:

* In October 2014, India selected the Spike missile over the Javelin missile. The deal was planned for around USD $1 billion, including 321 CLU missiles, 8,356 missiles, 15 simulators and peripheral equipment.[136][137][138] It was planned that Bharat Dynamics Limited would be the systems integrator for the missiles with major work share for manufacture to be handled by Bharat Dynamics and Kalyani Group.[139] On 20 November 2017, it was announced that the deal was cancelled due to lack of transfer of technology. The DRDO has been instructed to produce an indigenous missile.[140][141][142] However, Indian media sources have reported that the contract will proceed as part of a restructured government to government agreement.[143]
* 12 launchers and 240 Spike MR missiles ordered urgently by the Indian Army in April 2019, following the 2019 border skirmishes with Pakistan. The first missiles entered service in early October 2019.[144]
* In 2023, India announced that it would integrate the Spike NLOS to the Mil Mi-17 V5 attack helicopter.[145]

Israel
The Spike NLOS (Tammuz) was introduced into service in the early 1980s.
In 1997, the Spike MR (Gil), LR (Gomed), ER (Perakh Bar) with associated launchers entered service.[34]Italian Army 8th Bersaglieri Regiment Spike launch during an exercise
Italy
Orders:

* 2004 - equipment for the infantry:[146]
* 53 CLU launchers ordered
* 21 installed on the VLTM Lince
* 32 for the infantry troops
* 510 missiles:
* 165 Spike MR
* 345 Spike LR
* 2009 - order for the 36 VBM Freccia controcarro:[146]
* 84 iCLU launchers
* 870 Spike LR
* 63 simulators
* Spike ER missile selected for the Agusta A129D Mangusta in 2010, operational since 2014.[146][147][148]
* 32 launcher systems TOPLITE III + 16 in option
* 800 Spike ER were ordered[146]
* 2020 framework agreement,[149][150] in a mutual agreement with Israel who would buy AW-119KX helicopters.[151] Order:
* Missiles
* 600 Spike LR2 with anti-tank warhead
* 200 Spike LR2 with multi-purpose warhead
* Launchers:
* 126 iCLU launchers
* Simulators
* 14 indoor simulators
* 14 outdoor simulators
* 20 mechanical trainer iCLU
* 20 mechanical trainer round LR2

Kurdistan
Operated by the Peshmerga, might have been funded by Italy or Germany, or could have been directly from Israel.[152][153]
Latvia
12 Spike LR received.[123][154][155] Additional order in February 2018.[156][157][158]: In June 2025, Latvia signed a contract with EuroSpike for €81 million. The delivery is planned for 2028. The contract is likely for Spike LR2.[159]
Lithuania
Total 1,000 Spike LR missiles delivered, for use on Boxer armored vehicles.[37][160][161]
Netherlands

* Spike MR "GILL", selected in June 2001, ordered in August 2001, first delivery in 2004:[162][163][164]
* 297 CLU launchers
* 2,400 Spike MR missiles
* 85 Spike LR received in 2017 and 2018, for the reconnaissance forces (transported by the Luchtmobiel Speciaal Voertuig and the Fennek reconnaissance vehicle), using the existing launchers.[165]
* Spike LR2 and iCLU launchers approved by the parliament in September 2024, to be ordered in October 2024 and enter service in 2026.[166] They were ordered as a successor to the Spike MR and to equip the modernised CV9035NL MLU with its new D-series turret.[167] The number of missiles and launchers to be ordered is unknown

Peru
Total 516 Spike LR and 175 Spike ER missiles with 48 launchers.[37]The BRP Herminigildo Yurong of the Philippine Navy testing the Spike NLOS system.
Philippines
The Philippine Navy operates the Spike ER and Spike NLOS variants of the missile. The Spike ER is deployed on board the missile-capable versions of the Multipurpose Assault Craft.[168] The Spike NLOS variants are deployed on board the AW159 Wildcat helicopters[169][170] and Acero-class fast attack interdiction craft.[171][172]
Poland
A total of 2,675 Spike LR missiles with 264 launchers and training systems were ordered in 2003 in a deal worth $425 million with deliveries completed by 2013.[37] A follow-up order of 800 more Spike LR missiles for use on the Rosomak IFV, in a deal including local production in Poland, was placed in 2015 with deliveries between 2019 and 2022.[37]
Romania
Total 3,000 missiles; breakdown being 2,000 Spike LR (for use on MLI-84 M1 IFV) with the remaining 1,000 being Spike ER (for use on IAR 330 SOCAT attack helicopters).[37] An unspecified number of portable Spike LR launchers are also in service.[173]Singapore Airshow 2008, a locally developed twin-tube launcher for the Spike as mounted on a Light Strike Vehicle of the Singapore Army.
Singapore
In 1999, Singapore became the second country to acquire the Spike ATGM.[174] Total 1,500 Spike LR missiles (with associated launchers and training systems) received between 2001 and 2006.[37] Between 2017 and 2018, another 500 Spike SR was received as the new generation anti-tank guided missile for its infantry battalions.[175][176] Spikes variants are produced locally by ST Engineering. The Hunter AFV of the Singapore Army is equipped with a twin tube pop-up launcher. There has been further orders for the Spike LR 2 for use on the Hunter AFV and infantry units.
Slovakia
Spike LR2[177] (100 missiles, 10 launchers).[178]
Slovenia
The Spike MR and Spike LR have been in operational use in the Slovenian Armed Forces since 2009.[179] Total 75 missiles. In September 2022, EuroSpike was awarded a $6.6 million contract to supply 50 Spike LR2.[180]
Switzerland
The Swiss Armed Forces selected the Spike LR2 as its long-range anti-tank guided missile system for ground troops in 2023. It will replace the TOW ATGM.[181]
South Korea
A South Korean government deal concluded on 6 September 2011 confirmed the procurement of unspecified numbers of Spike NLOS, of which about 50 missiles will be forward deployed to the South Korean islands of Baengnyeongdo and Yeonpyeongdo, close to the Northern Limit Line with North Korea.[42][43] On 19 May 2013 the South Korean military confirmed that "dozens" of Spike missiles had been deployed on the islands.[182] The Republic of Korea Navy will also deploy the Spike NLOS on AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat helicopters,[183] and the Republic of Korea Marine Corps has the Spike NLOS mounted on Plasan Sand Cat light vehicle.[184]Spike-NLOS being fired from a Plasan Sand Cat.
Thailand
Under a deal reached in 2020, the Royal Thai Army took delivery of the Spike MR missiles and launchers.[185] Spike-MR was a contender along with Javelin.[186]
United Kingdom
600 Spike NLOS missiles were procured by the British Army, the exact breakdown being 200 NLOS Mk.2, 200 NLOS Mk.4 and 200 NLOS Mk.5 ordered in the years 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. In British service it has the name 'Exactor'.[37][40][41][123][187]
United States
The Spike was offered by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems as a possible contender in the US Army JAWS missile program in 1996.[188] In January 2020, the Army revealed it would field the Spike NLOS on AH-64 Apache helicopters as an interim solution to acquire a longer range stand-off weapon.[189]

### Contract cancellation

[edit]

Spain
Total 2,630 Spike LR (including 260 launchers and associated training systems) and 200 Spike ER missiles (for use by Eurocopter Tiger attack helicopters).[37] A total of 236 launchers and 2,360 Spike LR missiles was assigned to the Spanish Army, while the remaining 24 launchers and 240 missiles was assigned to the Spanish Marines.[123]: In June 2025, the Spanish government announced having cancelled the contract due to a disagreement with the Israeli military actions in Gaza.[190]

### Evaluations

[edit]

Turkey
In January 1998, a partnership arrangement was announced between Israel Aerospace Industries and Kamov to market the Kamov Ka-50-2 attack helicopter in Turkish competition. One of the optional armaments being offered for the Ka-50-2 was the Spike ER missile.[188] Eventually, Ka-50-2 lost to TAI/AgustaWestland T129 ATAK. Turkey has also examined the use of Rafael Overhead Weapon Station with Spike for its Otokar Cobra light armored vehicles.[188]
United Kingdom
In February 2001, the British MoD awarded two contracts valued at $8.8 million for a year-long assessment of the Javelin and Spike MR. The Spike was being offered by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems teamed with Matra BAe Dynamics, while the Javelin was being offered by a team of Lockheed Martin and Raytheon. The UK would like to field a lightweight antitank missile system for its Joint Rapid Reaction Force by 2005. In February 2003, the British MoD selected the Javelin.[188]

### Failed bids

[edit]

Portugal
A total of 2 Spike LR launchers would be fitted on Portuguese Marine Corps Pandur II IFV APC's, but the program was cancelled due to problems between the Portuguese government, Steyr-Daimler-Puch and Fabrequipa (local Pandur II manufacturer).[37][191][192]

## See also

[edit]

* Akeron MP – (France)
* ALAS – (Serbia)
* AT-1K Raybolt – (South Korea)
* HJ-12 – (China)
* MPATGM – (India)
* OMTAS – (Turkey)
* Sadid-1 – (Iran)
* Stugna-P – (Ukraine)
* Type 01 LMAT – (Japan)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "India receives Spike anti-tank missiles from Israel". 6 August 2023.
2. ^ "Rafael wins naval maintenance and anti-tank missile deals". GLOBES. 13 August 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
3. ^ Altman, Howard (16 June 2025). "Spike Missiles That Destroyed Air Defenses From Inside Iran Were Remotely Operated". The War Zone. Retrieved 18 June 2025.
4. ^ "NT Spike" (PDF). World Missiles & UAVs Briefing. Fairfax, Virginia: Teal Group. March 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
5. ^ a b "Rafael wins naval maintenance and anti-tank missile deals". GLOBES. 13 August 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
6. ^ a b "A multitude of launchers – for a multitude of use". EuroSpike GmbH. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
7. ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 15 May 2024.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
8. ^ "Eurocopter Fires Spike Missile From HAD Tiger". Spacewar.com. Archived from the original on 14 May 2010. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
9. ^ "Tiger HAD Enters Firing Campaign Using the Spike Missile". Deagel.com. 12 September 2008. Archived from the original on 17 October 2010. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
10. ^ "UAE Seeks Weaponized UH-60M 'Battlehawk' Helicopters". Archived from the original on 21 September 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
11. ^ "EuroSpike GmbH". EuroSpike GmbH. Archived from the original on 20 December 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
12. ^ Yeo, Mike (28 July 2020). "Singapore, Israeli firms team to develop new ship-killing missile". Defense News. Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
13. ^ "Multi-Purpose Missiles". Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. Archived from the original on 4 September 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
14. ^ a b c "SPIKE-LR II Missile Weapons System" (PDF). RAFAEL Systems Ltd. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
15. ^ a b Rafael Unveils a Light, Affordable Member of the Spike Missile Family Archived 11 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine \- Defense-Update.com, 14 February 2012
16. ^ a b c Hughes, Robin (12 May 2016). "Rafael unveils Spike SR PBF warhead variant | IHS Jane's 360". Janes.com. Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
17. ^ a b Enhancing The New Spike Family Archived 25 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine \- Defense-Update.com, 31 December 2010
18. ^ Opall-Rome, Barbara (14 June 2016). "Rafael Concludes First Exports of Shoulder-Fired Anti-Tank Missile". Defense News. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
19. ^ "Singapore Army acquires Rafael Spike SR anti-armour missile system | Jane's 360". www.janes.com. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
20. ^ "Spike Medium Range (MR) – "Fire & Forget" for visible targets". EuroSpike GmbH. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
21. ^ "Rheinmetall Defence - 26.06.2009: Rheinmetall – Auftrag im MELLS-Programm im Wert von 35 MioEuro". Archived from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
22. ^ "Spike Long Range (LR) – "Fire & Forget" or "Fire Observe & Update" for different targets". EuroSpike GmbH. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
23. ^ a b "Polish live-firing debut for Rafael's Spike-LR" (PDF). RAFAEL Systems Ltd. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 November 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
24. ^ "Lethal Presence – Remotely Controlled Sentries Assume Guard Roles". Defense-update.com. Archived from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
25. ^ a b Eshel, Noam (11 February 2014). "Sharpening the Spike". Defense Update. Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
26. ^ "SPIKE LR IITM Missile Weapon System" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2021.
27. ^ "Rafael's 'Smarter' Spike is Designed to Defeat Tanks with Active Protection - Defense Update". defense-update.com. 29 May 2017. Archived from the original on 29 May 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
28. ^ Rafael Advanced Defense Systems unveils its fifth generation SPIKE LR II Missile Archived 1 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine \- Armyrecognition.com, 29 May 2017
29. ^ Rafael to supply IDF with new 5th gen Spike LR2 guided missiles Archived 25 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine \- Armyrecognition.com, 24 October 2017
30. ^ "SPIKE Extended Range (ER) – a longer range of "Fire & Forget" or "Fire Observe & Update"". EuroSpike GmbH. Archived from the original on 22 October 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
31. ^ "Naval SPIKE ER" (PDF). RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems. 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
32. ^ Hughes, Robin (30 August 2018). "Rafael unveils Spike ER2". Jane's Information Group. Archived from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
33. ^ Pfeffer, Anshil (1 August 2011). "IDF Reveals Tamuz Missile". Haaretz (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 26 December 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
34. ^ a b "Advanced Spike Missile Unveiled" (Press release). Israel Defense Forces' official website. 25 November 2009. Archived from the original on 5 December 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
35. ^ Trimble, Stephen (25 November 2009). "Rafael unveils new long-range Spike missile". Flight International. Archived from the original on 19 August 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
36. ^ NT Spike Archived 12 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Teal Group. March 2018.
37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "SIPRI arms transfer database". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 14 May 2019. Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
38. ^ "The British Army Secretly Sent Israeli Missiles to Iraq and Afghanistan". War Is Boring. 11 November 2016. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
39. ^ "Exactor (Spike NLOS)". Think Defence. 24 July 2021. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
40. ^ a b Pfeffer, Anshel (30 September 2015). "Israel gave UK rockets from own stockpile". The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
41. ^ a b "EXACTOR-2 is currently in service with the Royal Artillery". Think Defence. 2016. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
42. ^ a b "S. Korea to deploy Israeli missiles to protect border islands". Seoul, South Korea: Yonhap News Agency. 6 September 2011. Archived from the original on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
43. ^ a b 8 September 2011, Infolive.TV news report on YouTube. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
44. ^ Judson, Jen (9 January 2020). "US Army to field Israeli-made long-range missile on helicopters". Defense News. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
45. ^ "US Army completes demonstration of AH-64E helicopter equipped with SPIKE NLOS missiles". Air Recognition. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
46. ^ Judson, Jen (17 June 2022). "Rafael pitches latest Spike variant for US Army's long-range weapon for helos". Defense News. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
47. ^ Egozi, Arie (12 June 2022). "Rafael unveils new Spike NLOS missile version with in-flight control transfer". Breaking Defense. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
48. ^ a b Boguslavsky, Eyal (12 October 2023). "Israeli Navy Fires Spike NLOS Missiles at Gaza Coastline Targets". IsraelDefense. Arrowmedia Israel. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
49. ^ "Naval SPIKE NLOS" (PDF). RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems. 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
50. ^ "Israel Unveils New Precision Weapon Systems for the Ground Forces". Defense-Update.Com. 2 September 2009. Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
51. ^ "Mini-Spike Anti-Personnel Guided Weapon". Defense-Update.Com. 2 September 2009. Archived from the original on 5 January 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
52. ^ "Combining EO/Laser Guidance for Small Precision Guided Weapons". Defense-Update.Com. December 2010. Archived from the original on 17 January 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
53. ^ Frantzman, Seth (17 May 2022). "Rafael unveils Aerospike missile for close-air support". Defense News. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
54. ^ "Rafael unveils AeroSpike Stand-Off Precision Guided Missile". Air Recognition. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
55. ^ Easly, Mikayla (17 May 2022). "Rafael Introduces New Air-To-Surface Missile". National Defense Magazine. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
56. ^ "Report: Missile system captured by Hizbullah, sent to Iran". World Tribune. 6 November 2006. Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
57. ^ a b "Iranian IRGC unveils ground-launched Almas anti-tank missile". Polygon Military Magazine. 8 July 2021. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
58. ^ Adam M. Maciejewski (December 2023). "Przeciwpancerne pociski kierowane Iranu cz. 2" (in Polish). ZBIAM.
59. ^ Gosselin-Malo, Elisabeth (28 September 2023). "How Iranian, Russian arms makers shared a Belgrade trade fair hall". Defense News. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
60. ^ Rogoway, Tyler (25 January 2024). "Iranian Knock-Off Of Israel's Spike Missile Used In Hezbollah Attack". The Drive. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
61. ^ a b "Breaking down Hezbollah's rocket strategy: The Short-Range Threat". 26 February 2024.
62. ^ "Australia orders Spike LR II ATGMs for Boxer CRVs". Default. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
63. ^ "REDBACK IFV". www.hanwha-defence.com.au. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
64. ^ a b FMI / DALO (Forsvarsministeriets Materiel- og Indkøbsstyrelse / Defence Acquisition and Logistics Organisation) (15 March 2021). "Nyt panserværnsmissilsystem til Hæren (New Anti-Armour Guided Missile system for the army)".
65. ^ FMI / DALO (Forsvarsministeriets Materiel- og Indkøbsstyrelse / Defence Acquisition and Logistics Organisation) (20 March 2024). "Forsvarsministeriets Materiel- og Indkøbsstyrelse tager hul på vigtig opdatering af Hærens flåde af infanterikampkøretøjer (Defence Acquisition and Logistics Organisation is beginning on an important update of the army fleet of infantry fighting vehicles)".
66. ^ "BAE Systems' CV90 with new D-series turret unveiled at DSEI". www.baesystems.com. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
67. ^ Pettibone, Richard (26 August 2024). "Denmark Finalizes Deal for 115 CV90 MkIIIC Combat Vehicles". Defense Security Monitor. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
68. ^ a b "Bundeswehr orders 1,000 Spike LR ATGMs | IHS Jane's 360". 28 March 2017. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
69. ^ "NT Spike - Germany (page 6)" (PDF). March 2023.
70. ^ OuinetAdmin (3 February 2009). "Germany Orders Spike Missile for New Puma IFV". Defense aerospace. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
71. ^ "Neues vom Puma: Millionen-Nachrüstung für die VJTF – Augen geradeaus!". augengeradeaus.net. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
72. ^ Bisht, Inder Singh (2 July 2021). "Germany to Upgrade Infantry Fighting Vehicles in $1.2 Billion Contract". The Defense Post. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
73. ^ "Germany approves Puma retrofit, BvS10, and rifle procurement". Default. 19 December 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
74. ^ Manuel, Rojoef (20 April 2023). "Germany to Upgrade 143 Puma Infantry Fighting Vehicles". The Defense Post. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
75. ^ "BW – Schützenpanzer Marder 1A5 with MELLS ATGM | TANK-MASTERS – Photos & Journalism | Military Photos & Journalism" (in German). Retrieved 20 October 2024.
76. ^ "MELLS ~ New Teeth for the German Waffenträger Wiesel 1". Joint Forces News. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
77. ^ "Wiesel 1". www.bundeswehr.de (in German). Retrieved 20 October 2024.
78. ^ "Waffenträger Wiesel 1 MELLS". www.bundeswehr.de (in German). Retrieved 20 October 2024.
79. ^ "HForce: Airbus Helicopters verschießt erstmals Spike ER2 vom H145M". soldat-und-technik.de (in German). 4 February 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
80. ^ admin (13 October 2024). "Spike ER2 Missile Demonstrates Advanced Capabilities in H145M Helicopter Firing Test - MilitaryLeak.COM". militaryleak.com. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
81. ^ Felstead, Peter (21 March 2024). "Bundeswehr orders up to 123 Lance-equipped Boxer heavy weapon carrier variants - European Security & Defence". euro-sd.com. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
82. ^ "Rheinmetall". Rheinmetall. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
83. ^ "Radschützenpanzer – Bundeswehr will Maschinenkanonenboxer mit Puma-Turm beschaffen" (in German). 13 May 2024. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
84. ^ "I programmi di acquisizione ed ammodernamento dell'Esercito Italiano". Analisi Difesa. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
85. ^ Israel, Arie EgoziKorrespondent (16 November 2024). "Hubschrauberdrohne Golden Eagle HS mit Spike-Lenkflugkörpern" (in German). Retrieved 17 November 2024.
86. ^ Thomas, Richard (6 June 2024). "First of Royal Netherlands Army's CV90 IFVs completes MLU". Army Technology. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
87. ^ "Rosomak APCs To Be Outfitted with the ZSSW-30 Turrets. Contract Imminent". July 2022.
88. ^ "Nowa umowa na dostawy KTO Rosomak zintegrowanych z ZSSW-30". Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa (in Polish). 8 July 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
89. ^ "Setki Rosomaków dla Wojska Polskiego. W nowej wersji [DEFENCE24 NEWS]". 17 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
90. ^ "Nadchodzi Borsuk".
91. ^ "Umowa ramowa na prawie 1400 BWP Borsuk". 28 February 2023.
92. ^ Ratka, Damian (14 August 2023). "Umowy na ciężki BWP oraz następców Rosomaka i Honkera". defence24.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 20 October 2024.
93. ^ "A demonstration of the firepower of the Guardian 30 turret of the Spanish VCR Dragón". Counting Stars. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
94. ^ "The TIGER Variants". OCCAR. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
95. ^ Editorial, Defense Brief (19 December 2021). "Spain's 8x8 Dragon VCR combat vehicle program enters construction phase". Defense Brief. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
96. ^ "Azerbaijan Confirms Use of Israeli Spike ATGM in Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict". Global Defense Corp. 25 December 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
97. ^ Grylls, George; Weiniger, Gabrielle (3 April 2024). "How Israel's 'super-accurate' Spike missiles may have killed British aid workers in Gaza". The Sunday Times. London. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
98. ^ McKernan, Bethan (2 April 2024). "Charities halt Gaza aid after drone attack that killed seven workers". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
99. ^ Kubovich, Yaniv. "IDF bombed WCK aid convoy 3 times, targeting armed Hamas member who wasn't there". Haaretz.com. Archived from the original on 7 June 2025. Retrieved 13 June 2025.
100. ^ HOWARD ALTMAN (16 June 2025). "Spike Missiles That Destroyed Air Defenses From Inside Iran Were Remotely Operated". TWZ. Retrieved 23 June 2025.
101. ^ Dougherty, Robert (15 March 2023). "Varley Rafael commits to Australian Spike production". www.defenceconnect.com.au. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
102. ^ "Missiles to power up ADF's range | Defence". Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
103. ^ "Vətən müharibəsinin dəmir qanadlı qəhrəmanı VİDEO" [Iron-winged hero of the Patriotic War VIDEO]. Azerbaijan State News Agency (in Azerbaijani). 14 December 2020. Archived from the original on 5 January 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
104. ^ "Rafael Spike vence a concorrência do Exército Brasileiro" (in Portuguese). Tecnologia & Defesa. 30 November 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
105. ^ Bastos, Paulo (27 June 2024). "El Ejército Brasileño apuesta por los misiles para aumentar su capacidad antitanque". Pucará Defensa (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 July 2024.
106. ^ "לכוחות מיוחדים: צבא קנדה רכש טילי ספייק של רפאל". 21 November 2019.
107. ^ "Canada will send helicopters to Latvia next year, defence minister says". CTVNews. 15 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
108. ^ Pugliese, David (5 December 2024). "DND confirms malfunction of new anti-tank missiles heading to Latvia". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
109. ^ "Rafael sharpens Spike missile offering". Flightglobal.com. 29 May 2014. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
110. ^ "Fuerza Aérea Colombiana presenta su nuevo helicóptero de ataque Arpía IV". Webinfomil.com. 25 June 2014. Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
111. ^ "Izraelske rakete za hrvatska borbena vozila". 23 December 2023.
112. ^ "Croatian Government adopted decisions on giving consent to MOD's procurement of SPIKE rockets, communication equipment and certified 155 mm ammunition for howitzers". 21 December 2023.
113. ^ "Plan Nabave" (PDF). morh.hr. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
114. ^ "MORH objavio Plan nabave u 2023. – Javelini i Patrije, te povratak tajnosti".
115. ^ "Cyprus receives first of 60 Enok AB anti-tank vehicles armed with Spike LR2 missiles". armyrecognition.com. Army Recognition. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
116. ^ "Nyt panserværnsmissilsystem til Hæren". Forsvarsministeriets Materiel- og Indkøbsstyrelse.
117. ^ "Danish Army to procure Spike missiles made by Rafael". 17 March 2021.
118. ^ Forsvarsministeriets Materiel- og Indkøbsstyrelse (Danish Ministry of Defence Acquisition and Logistics Organisation) (20 March 2024). "Forsvarsministeriets Materiel- og Indkøbsstyrelse tager hul på vigtig opdatering af Hærens flåde af infanterikampkøretøjer".
119. ^ Ots, Mait (19 January 2022). "Eesti ostab üle 500 tankitõrjeraketi". err.ee (in Estonian). ERR.
120. ^ "Estonia likely to buy Spike-LR antitank missiles | November 2018 Global Defense Security army news industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2018 | Archive News year". 23 November 2018. Archived from the original on 24 November 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
121. ^ "Estonia Buys Spike LR Missiles in $45 Million Deal". 23 June 2019.
122. ^ "Puolustusministeriö päätti lyhyen ja pitkän matkan ohjusten hankinnasta".
123. ^ a b c d International Institute for Strategic Studies (2014). The Military Balance 2014. United Kingdom: Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-1-85743-722-5.
124. ^ "Rheinmetall: Auftrag im MELLS-Programm im Wert von 35 Mio. Euro". www.pressebox.de (in German). 26 June 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
125. ^ Oosbree, Gerard van (26 June 2009). "Rheinmetall to take part in €35 million-MELLS programme for Bundeswehr". Dutch Defence Press (in Dutch). Retrieved 20 October 2024.
126. ^ "Germany orders SPIKE LR guided missile system". DefenceTalk. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
127. ^ "Forecast International". www.forecastinternational.com. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
128. ^ a b "Bundeswehr beschafft zusätzliche MELLS Waffenanlagen und Panzerabwehrlenkflugkörper". 19 November 2019.
129. ^ a b "Weitere Lenkflugkörper und Waffenanlagen MELLS - bundeswehr-journal". 12 March 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
130. ^ Fiorenza, Nicholas (1 April 2021). "Bundeswehr orders more Spike missiles". Janes.com. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
131. ^ "Bundeswehr beschafft Spike LR2 » Sicherheit & Verteidigung" (in German). 5 September 2024. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
132. ^ "Spike LR2: Bundeswehr führt kampfwertgesteigertes Panzerabwehrlenkflugkörpersystem MELLS LR2 ein" (in German). 4 September 2024. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
133. ^ Vlassis, Savvas (29 March 2023). "Έγκριση ΚΥΣΕΑ των τριών προγραμμάτων SPIKE NLOS και αναβάθμισης Apache". Δούρειος Ίππος (in Greek). Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
134. ^ "Το Ισραήλ ανακοίνωσε την πώληση των πυραυλικών συστημάτων Spike στην Ελλάδα". Πρώτο Θέμα (in Greek). 10 April 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
135. ^ "Hungary buys Israeli rockets". Neokohn. 19 July 2021. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
136. ^ Ran Dagoni (24 March 2011). "Rafael in $1b Indian anti-tank missile deal". Globes – Israel business news. Archived from the original on 19 December 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
137. ^ "Israel pips US in anti-tank guided missile supply to India". The Times of India. 29 November 2012. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
138. ^ "India Eyes Spike, Javelin Buys - Defense News - defensenews.com". 28 November 2013. Archived from the original on 28 November 2013.
139. ^ Rahul Bedi (25 May 2016). "India completes price negotiation for Israeli Spike ATGMs | IHS Jane's 360". Janes.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
140. ^ "Govt drops plan to buy Israeli Spike anti-tank missiles, stresses Make in India". 20 November 2017. Archived from the original on 20 November 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
141. ^ "Govt scraps anti-tank missile deal with Israel, asks DRDO to 'Make in India' - Rediff.com India News". www.rediff.com. Archived from the original on 20 November 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
142. ^ "India cancels $500 million deal for Israeli missiles – reports". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 22 November 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
143. ^ Bachner, Michael. "India may revive canceled $500 million deal for Israeli missiles". The Times of Israel. Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
144. ^ Bedi, Rahul (16 April 2019). "Indian Army approves 'emergency purchase' of Spike MR ATGWs". Jane's 360. New Delhi. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
145. ^ "India receives Spike NLOS missiles from Israel, firing trials shortly". ANI News. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
146. ^ a b c d Giansiracusa, Aurelio (24 April 2020). "Le armi anticarro dell'Esercito Italiano dal 1980 ad oggi - Parte II". Ares Osservatorio Difesa (in Italian). Retrieved 26 October 2024.
147. ^ "Italy deploys latest Mangusta attack helo variant to Afghanistan - IHS Jane's 360". 25 November 2014. Archived from the original on 25 November 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
148. ^ "Rotor & Wing Magazine :: AgustaWestland ARH-129D Mangusta". 3 June 2016. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
149. ^ "Emendamento n. 1 al contratto n. TER/041/19/0618 in data 30 dicembre 2019 (determina a contrarre TER 19/079) relativo all'acquisizione di "Lanciatori terrestri SPIKE, missili SPIKE Long Range 2, simulatori indoor/outdoor, corsi, documentazione e supporto logistico"" [Amendment No. 1 to contract No. TER/041/19/0618 dated December 30, 2019 (determination to contract TER 19/079) relating to the acquisition of “SPIKE land-based launchers, SPIKE Long Range 2 missiles, indoor/outdoor simulators, courses, documentation and logistical support”] (PDF) (in Italian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 December 2024.
150. ^ Page 217 of PDF: https://www.difesa.it/assets/allegati/30714/dpp_2023-2025.pdf
151. ^ Frantzman, Seth (28 September 2020). "Israel, Italy swap helicopters and missiles in new arms deal". Defense News. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
152. ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance, 2017
153. ^ ='SAS 2015'>Small Arms Survey (2015). "Trade Update: After the 'Arab Spring'" (PDF). Small Arms Survey 2015: weapons and the world (PDF). Cambridge University Press. p. 110\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 July 2015.
154. ^ "The Latvian National Armed Forces (PDF report)". Latvian Ministry of Defence. July 2008. Retrieved 23 November 2011. [permanent dead link]
155. ^ Pengelley, Rupert (30 June 2008). "INDUSTRY PROFILE – Volatility in the Middle East drives Israeli defence industry innovation". Jane's International Defence Review. 41. Jane's Information Group: 58–59\. ISSN 1476-2129. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
156. ^ Nicholas, Fiorenza (13 February 2018). "Latvia orders Spike". IHS Jane's 360. London. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
157. ^ "Latvia to buy 'Spike' anti-tank missiles from Israel's Rafael". Latvian Public Broadcasting. 12 February 2018. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
158. ^ Rojkes Dombe, Ami (11 February 2018). "Latvia to Purchase Spike Missiles from Rafael". Israel Defense. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
159. ^ "Spike-Familie – Lettland beschafft Panzerabwehrlenkflugkörpersysteme von EuroSpike" (in German). 5 June 2025. Retrieved 5 June 2025.
160. ^ "Lithuania to proceed with Germany's Boxer in armoured vehicle purchase". Reuters. 11 December 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
161. ^ "משלוח אחרון של טילי נ"ט תוצרת רפאל הגיע לצבא ליטא". 6 July 2021.
162. ^ "Gill-antitankraket". www.defensie.nl. Ministerie van Defensie. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
163. ^ "NT Spike" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2018.
164. ^ Westerhoven, Leo van (20 May 2004). "Netherlands fire their first GILL". Dutch Defence Press (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 September 2024.
165. ^ Defensie, Ministerie van (4 May 2023). "Spike LR-antitankraketsysteem - Materieel - Defensie.nl". www.defensie.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
166. ^ Defensie, Ministerie van (2 September 2024). "Krijgsmacht krijgt moderne antitankwapens met lange schootsafstand - Nieuwsbericht - Defensie.nl". www.defensie.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 September 2024.
167. ^ "Netherlands will order Spike LR 2 anti-tank missiles from Rafael". Army Recognition. 4 September 2024.
168. ^ Nepomuceno, Priam (9 August 2018). "PH Navy test-fires surface-to-surface missile in Bataan". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
169. ^ Nepomuceno, Priam (18 September 2020). "Anti-sub helicopters' torpedoes, missiles now in PH: Navy chief". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
170. ^ "Knowing the Philippine Navy AW-159 Antisubmarine Helicopter". Pitz Defense Analysis. 2 June 2019. Archived from the original on 5 May 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
171. ^ "Fast Attack Interdiction Craft - Missile (FAIC-M) Acquisition Project of the Philippine Navy". Philippine Defense Resource. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
172. ^ "Israel delivers two new Acero class patrol gunboats to Philippines". Navy Recognition. 13 April 2023. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
173. ^ "Romania orders portable Spike LR missiles". ir-ia.com. 21 December 2017.
174. ^ "Army Gets New Anti-Tank Weapon" (Press release). Singaporean Ministry of Defence (MINDEF). 25 June 2005. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
175. ^ "Singapore Army unveils Rafael Spike SR missiles". kementah.blogspot.co.il. 29 May 2017. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
176. ^ Wong, Kelvin (31 May 2017). "Singapore Army reveals Rafael Spike SR anti-armour missile system". IHS Jane's 360. Singapore. Archived from the original on 30 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
177. ^ "סלובקיה רוכשת טילי נ"ט ספייק מרפאל בעשרות מיליוני דולרים". 7 March 2020.
178. ^ "Protitankový raketový systém Spike už dodali, stál 18,3 milióna eur". 27 March 2022.
179. ^ "Pors Spike Mr/Lr". Slovenskavojska.si. Archived from the original on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
180. ^ "Slovenian army to receive 50 Spike LR2 long-range anti-tank guided missiles | Defense News September 2022 Global Security army industry | Defense Security global news industry army year 2022 | Archive News year". 12 September 2022.
181. ^ "Model selected for new anti-tank guided missile". Armasuisse press release. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
182. ^ "Israeli Spike missiles deployed". The Korea Times. 19 May 2013. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
183. ^ Seoul to Equip its New Maritime Helicopters with Israeli SPIKE Missiles Archived 1 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine – Defense-Update.com, 6 January 2014
184. ^ South Korean Marine Corps has test fire Spike NLOS anti-tank guided missile from SandCat vehicle Archived 10 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine \- Armyrecognition.com, 8 August 2016
185. ^ "Royal Thai Army receives Rafael Spike missile systems". 28 December 2020.
186. ^ "ศูนย์อุตสาหการสรรพาวุธ กรมสรรพาวุธทหารบก เรื่อง ขอเชิญชวนให้ส่งข้อมูลทางเทคนิค" [The Ordnance Industry Center, Royal Thai Army Ordnance Department, would like to invite you to submit technical information.] (PDF) (in Thai). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
187. ^ Jane's International Defence Review, IHS, November 2011, Rupert Pengelley, p. 134.
188. ^ a b c d "NT Spike". Tealgroup Corporation. March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
189. ^ US Army to field Israeli-made long-range missile on helicopters. Defense News. 9 January 2020.
190. ^ InfoDefensa, Revista Defensa. "¿Qué opciones tiene Defensa para sustituir el misil antitanque israelí Spike LR2? El Javelin o el MMP, principales alternativas". Infodefensa - Noticias de defensa, industria, seguridad, armamento, ejércitos y tecnología de la defensa (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 June 2025.
191. ^ "Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito aos Programas relativos à Aquisição de Equipamentos Militares" (PDF).
192. ^ "Blindados Anfibios Pandur II". Blogue Barco À Vista. 22 December 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2021.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Spike missiles.

* Official website – Rafael Advanced Defence System, for worldwide marketing
* Official website – EuroSpike GmbH, for marketing in Europe
* Singapore Army's facsheet on Spike ATGM
* Defense-Update.Com's webpage on Spike
* Spike anti-tank anti-armour guided missile on armyrecognition.com
* Rafael Spike Missile

Video links

* Spike-NLOS Mk.5 air-deployable launcher firing test on YouTube
* Spike-ER II firing test on YouTube
* Spike-LR II firing test on YouTube
* Spike-SR/MR/LR/ER/NLOS firing test on YouTube
* EuroSpike GmbH video of EuroSpike live-firing on YouTube by Finnish Coastal Jäger troops of the Finnish Navy
* 2010 promotional video of SPIKE missile on YouTube
* 2006 promotional video of SPIKE missile on YouTube

* v
* t
* e

Military equipment produced by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems

Missiles, rockets, and projectiles|

* Barak 11
* Derby
* Luz
* MATADOR2
* Popeye
* Python
* Shafrir
* ROCKS
* SIMON
* Spike
* Sparrow

Remote weapon stations|

* Rafael
* Samson
* Typhoon

Air-defense systems|

* Barak 11
* David's Sling3
* Iron Beam
* Iron Dome
* SPYDER
* Drone Dome

Surface vehicles|

* Golan Armored Vehicle
* Protector USV
* Wolf Armoured Vehicle4

Electronic Warfare|

* Sky Shield
* C-GEM

Miscellaneous|

* Litening (targeting pod)5
* Spice (guidance kit)
* Trophy (active protection system)

1 Joint venture with IAI. 2 Joint venture with DSTA. 3 Joint venture with Raytheon. 4 Joint venture with Hatehof. 5 Joint venture with Northrop Grumman.
*[No.]: Number
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template