Sports in Tamil Nadu

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Life in Tamil Nadu

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Sports are a significant part of life in Tamil Nadu, with the southern Indian state emerging as the sports capital of the Indian subcontinent. The inhabitants of Tamil Nadu enjoy participating in sports both originating from their homeland and sports born abroad. This article details these sports, both traditional and modern, that are commonly played in Tamil Nadu.

## Traditional sports

[edit]

See also: Traditional games of India

### Silambam

[edit]

Main article: Silambam

Silambam is a weapon-based Indian martial art originating in Tamil Nadu incorporating both offensive and defensive techniques. Though many weapons are used, the main focus is on the bamboo staff. It has existed since the Sangam Literature Era. It is the oldest martial arts practice from South India. The World Silambam Association is the official international body for the sport.

### Kabaddi

[edit]

Main article: Kabaddi

Women playing Kabaddi in Tamil Nadu

Kabaddi is the state sport of Tamil Nadu. The word "kabaddi" is derived from the Tamil word "kai-pudi"(கைபிடி) meaning "to hold hands".[1][2] It is also known as sadu-gudu. The contact sport's origins can be traced back to about 4000 years ago during the Mahabharata period. Buddhist literature has also cited Lord Buddha playing kabaddi as a recreational sport. Kabaddi is played as a warm up prior to the traditional sport Jallikattu.

It is known by different names in different places such as the Maldives where it is known as "baibalaa", Punjab where is it called "kauddi", and Bengal where it is called "hadudu". It is important to note that some other states like Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana also recognize kabaddi as their state sport.

The essence of this game is for the defending team to hold onto the raiding team in their pitch. Though there are slight variations in the game played in different places, the basic rules are the same. India introduced this sport on a world platform during the 1936 Olympics in Berlin. It was popularized in Japan in 1979, Bangladesh in 1973 and Iran in 1996. It is the National Sport of Bangladesh and one of the national sports of Nepal.

Kabaddi is often called the ‘game of the masses’ as it holds a lot of public appeal due to its simplicity and games are watched with a great deal of gusto and raucous cheering. So far, India has been indomitable at all the international kabaddi tournaments and with seven World Cup titles and numerous Asian Games gold medals, the Indian men's team is at the pinnacle of success.

In Tamil Nadu, kabaddi is more than just a game; it's a sport that's ingrained into the minds right from childhood when all that's required is an open ground, a few friends and the enthusiasm for the game, muttering ‘kabaddi, kabaddi’ as they maneuver through the opponents team. Stamina and agility are two key strengths that are needed for this game and Tamil Nadu has done the country proud by producing many players who have been part of the winning national team.

### Seval Sandai

[edit]

Seval sandai, traditional cock fight in Tamil Nadu

Seval Sandai or Seval Porr (cockfighting) is a popular rural sport in Tamil Nadu. Three or four-inch blades are attached to the cocks' feet and the winner is decided after three or four rounds of no holds barred fighting. The sport involves major gambling in recent times. Cockfighting in Tamil Nadu is mentioned in ancient literature like Manu Needhi Sastiram, Kattu Seval Sastiram and other Sangam literature. It is referred to as the favorite pastime for the warriors of Tamil country and is acknowledged as one amongst the 64 great arts. It is now widely played in North America and Asia.

### Jallikattu

[edit]

Main article: Jallikattu

Jallikattu, taming the bull Rekla, bullock cart race

Jallikattu is a popular bull taming sport practiced particularly during Pongal festival. Jallikattu was a popular sport since the Sangam period and Tamil classical period. Jallikattu (or sallikkattu), also known as eru thazhuvuthal and manju virattu, is a traditional spectacle in which a bull, such as the Pulikulam or Kangayam breeds, is released into a crowd of people, and participants attempt to grab the large hump on the bull's back with both arms and hang on to it while the bull attempts to escape. Participants hold the hump for as long as possible, attempting to bring the bull to a stop. In some cases, participants must ride long enough to remove flags on the bull's horns].[3][4]

### Rekla

[edit]

Rekla Racer in Namakkal, Tamil Nadu

The sport Rekla is a form of bullock cart racing.[5]

### Sathurangam

[edit]

Chess is believed to have originated in India, c. 280 – 550 CE,[6][7][8][9][10] where its early form in Tamil Nadu was known as Sathurangam literally four divisions [of the military] – infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots, represented by the pieces that would evolve into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively. During the Sangam period chess was called Vallattam. Many chess pieces have been found during excavations in Tamil Nadu.[11] Modern day chess is a widely popular game in the state and Tamil Nadu State Chess Association is the apex body for the game of chess in Tamil Nadu. The state has produced many grandmasters including Viswanathan Anand, one of the greatest and most versatile players of the modern era having won the World Chess Championship five times from 2002 to 2013. Other notable players include R Praggnanandhaa, Gukesh D, S. Vijayalakshmi, P. V. Nandhidhaa, Aravindh Chithambaram, R Vaishali and Krishnan Sasikiran.[12]

### Malyutham

[edit]

Malyutham is a traditional Indian art of full contact grappling that originated in Tamil Nadu. It was widely practiced in Tamil Nadu since ancient times as a sport. Malyutham is one of the 64 Arts mentioned in Ancient Literature. Malyutham is one of the Traditional Sports practiced in Tamil Nadu. There is another Art named Malla - Yuddha coming from North India. Although the names are similar, Malla-Yuddha and Malyutham are two different and very distinct Arts. They are different in the nature of the techniques studied and in their external aspects as well.

### Gusthi

[edit]

Gusthi is a Traditional Sports Activity, which is practiced in Punjab since time immemorial. Gusthi is also known as Kai Kuthu Sandai. Gusthi is a form of Traditional Boxing, which is slightly deviated from wrestling. Gusthi of Tamil Nadu is a derivative of Malyutham of Tamil Nadu. Gusthi also includes Grapplings as well. There is another art coming from North India named Kushti. Although the names are almost same, Gusthi and Kushti are two different and two distinct arts. Gusthi is an art of Boxing, while Kusthi is an art of wrestling. They are different in the nature of the techniques studied and in their external aspects as well.

### Killithattu

[edit]

See also: Atya patya

Killithattu is a game that requires quick reflexes, tactical thinking and tremendous team effort. The sport is part of Tamil heritage and preserves Tamil identity. The ‘kili’ or last player must stand on the centre of the first lane when the game starts. The ‘kili’ player can move anywhere around the court or through the middle of the court but not horizontally. The team that is guarding the base and capturing it is chosen by a coin toss. The game is started by a whistle sound by the overseeing referee. When the game starts, each of the other members can only move sideways/horizontally. This accounts for the rest of the 5 members of the team for a total of 6 including ‘kili’.

### Kho-kho

[edit]

Kho kho is a tag sport played by teams of twelve players who try to avoid being touched by members of the opposing team, only 9 players of the team enter the field.[13] It is one of the two most popular traditional tag games played in schools, the other being kabbadi.[14]

### Uriyadi

[edit]

Uriyadi involves smashing a small earthen pot with a long stick usually with a cloth wrapped around the eyes to prevent the participants from seeing the pot.[15]

### Seven-Stones

[edit]

Seven stones It is a traditional game in India as well as in Tamil Nadu. It is an ancient game which is also called as Lagori. It has things similar to dodge ball but it has extra features than the dodge ball. They use seven stones that can be piled on top of each other and has a minimum of 2-6 player in a team.

### Other traditional sports

[edit]

Other minor sports include Ilavatta kal where participants lift huge spherical rocks,[16] Gilli-danda played with two pieces of sticks, Nondi played by folding one leg and hopping squares. Some of the indoor games include Pallanguzhi involving beads, Bambaram involving spinning of top, Dhayakattai which is a modified dice game, Aadu puli attam, Nungu vandi and Seechangal.[17]

## Modern sports

[edit]

### Cricket

[edit]

M. A. Chidambaram Stadium during an ODI match between India and Pakistan.

Cricket is the most popular sport.[18] It is played by many people in open spaces throughout the state.[19] Tamil Nadu Cricket Association is the governing body of cricket activities in the Tamil Nadu state of India and the Tamil Nadu cricket team, which has won the Ranji Trophy twice and have finished Runners-up 9 times. Chennai Super Kings, a franchise based out of Chennai is the most successful team in the Indian Premier League. Notable international cricketers from Tamil Nadu include Srinivas Venkataraghavan, Kris Srikkanth, Laxman Sivaramakrishnan, Robin Singh, Murali Vijay, Ravichandran Ashwin, Dinesh Karthik, Sadagoppan Ramesh, Vijay Shankar, Washington Sundar, T. Natarajan, Murali Karthik, Subramaniam Badrinath and Lakshmipathy Balaji. Cricket administrators from the state include current International Cricket Council president N. Srinivasan, former BCCI presidents A. C. Muthiah and his father M. A. Chidambaram.

M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai is one of the oldest cricketing venues and was the host of India's first test cricket victory. MRF Pace Foundation, a coaching clinic for training fast bowlers from all over the world is based in Chennai. It was created by MRF Limited with the help of former Australian pace spearhead Dennis Lillee.

### Hockey

[edit]

Hockey is one of the popular sports played in schools and colleges. Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium is a field hockey stadium at Chennai named after M. Radhakrishna Pillai and was the venue to the 1996 Men's Champions Trophy and tournament tournaments. It is also the venue for all division matches of the Chennai Hockey Association and the home ground of the World Series Hockey team Chennai Cheetahs.[20] Sports Development Authority of Tamil Nadu is planning to set up a hockey academy[21] Notable international players include Vasudevan Baskaran, Krishnamurthy Perumal, M. J. Gopalan, Dhanraj Pillay, Adam Sinclair and Mohammed Riaz.

### Tennis

[edit]

Chennai Open was an ATP World Tour 250 series tournament previously held annually in January at SDAT Tennis Stadium in Chennai. It was the only ATP tournament held in the country until 2017, after which the tournament moved to Pune. Notable players are Ramesh Krishnan, Ramanathan Krishnan, Vijay Amritraj, Mahesh Bhupathi, Ramkumar Ramanathan, Prajnesh Gunneswaran, Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan, Vijay Sundar Prashanth, N.Sriram Balaji and Nirupama Vaidyanathan.

### Motor racing

[edit]

Kari Motor Speedway

Coimbatore is often referred to as the "Motor sports Capital of India" and the "Backyard of Indian Motorsports".[22] S.Karivardhan, spearheaded motor racing, making Coimbatore the country's motor racing hub when he designed and built entry level race cars. Before Buddh International Circuit was constructed, the country's only two permanent race ways were the Kari Motor Speedway, Coimbatore and Madras Motor Racing Track, Chennai.[23] MRF built is first Formula 3 car in 1997.[24] MRF in collaboration with Maruti established the Formula Maruti racing, a single-seater, open wheel class motorsport racing event for race cars made in India.[25] MRF Challenge is a Formula 2000 open-wheel motorsport formula based series organized by Madras Motor Sports Club in association with MRF. Narain Karthikeyan and Karun Chandhok, the only drivers from to represent India in Formula 1 hail from the state. Other prominent racers include Parthiva Sureshwaren, Ashwin Sundar, N. Leelakrishnan, Raj Bharath and Ajith Kumar represented India.[26]

### Others

[edit]

Other popular sports include athletics, soccer, basketball, volleyball, softball and badminton. Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Chennai and Nehru Stadium, Coimbatore are popular multipurpose football and athletics stadiums in the state. Notable volleyball players include A. Palaniswamy, G. E. Sridharan. Tamil Nadu men's team won the Gol'd in National level competition held in 2011.[27] Joshna Chinappa and Dipika Pallikal are the notable squash players who won gold at the Commonwealth Games. Kutraleeswaran is a notable swimmer, who was the first Indian to cross six channels in a single calendar year.[28] Archery, boxing, carrom, shooting, weightlifting, martial arts, snooker, golf, bowling, and squash also feature among sports played. Srither won gold at Asian Archery Championship held at Indonesia in November 2009.[29] A. Maria Irudayam and Ilavzhagi won world carrom championships.[30] Santhi Soundarajan is the first Tamil woman to win a medal at Asian Games. Sathish Sivalingam is a commonwealth gold medalist in weightlifting. Mariyappan Thangavelu has won the gold medal in the finals of 2016 Summer Paralympic games held in Rio de Janeiro.[31][32]

## See also

[edit]

* Tamil Nadu Cricket Association
* List of Tamil recipients of the Arjuna Award
* List of sportspeople from Tamil Nadu
* Sport in India
* Sport in Chennai
* Indian martial arts

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "kabaddi, etymology".
2. ^ "Kabaddi, definition".
3. ^ Gautier, François (2001). Google books version of the book A Western Journalist on India: The Ferengi's Columns by François Gautier. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN 9788124107959. Retrieved 9 July 2008.
4. ^ Grushkin, Daniel (22 March 2007). "NY Times: The ritual dates back as far as 2,000 years...". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 July 2008.
5. ^ "Madurai man wins 'rekla' race". The Hindu. Dindigul, India. 16 February 2009. Archived from the original on 20 February 2009.
6. ^ "Hindi and the origins of chess". 5 March 2014.
7. ^ Leibs (2004), p. 92
8. ^ Robinson & Estes (1996), p. 34
9. ^ Murray (1913)
10. ^ Bird (1893), p. 63
11. ^ "Keeladi excavations prove that ancient Tamil people played chess-like game, Stalin says". The Times of India. 28 September 2019. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
12. ^ Lal (JARVIS_SL), Sahil (3 November 2023). "Tamil Nadu's Chess Legacy: The Grandmaster Factory of India". Chess.com. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
13. ^ "Tripura KHO KHO Association @ Tripura4u". Archived from the original on 22 August 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
14. ^ Peter A. Hastie (1 July 2010). Student-Designed Games: Strategies for Promoting Creativity, Cooperation, and Skill Development. Human Kinetics. pp. 52–. ISBN 978-0-7360-8590-8. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
15. ^ "Traditional sports and games mark Pongal festivities". The Hindu. Erode, India. 17 January 2011.
16. ^ "Locked horns and a flurry of feathers". The Hindu. Madurai, India. 12 January 2013.
17. ^ "Bringing back to life the vanishing games of Tamil Nadu". The Hindu. Coimbatore, India. 18 October 2012.
18. ^ "Top 10 Most Popular Sports in India". Sporteology.com. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
19. ^ "Ipsos – Nobody's unpredictable". Synovate.com. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
20. ^ "World Series Hockey". Archived from the original on 26 January 2013.
21. ^ "Veteran hockey players delighted with synthetic turf in Tiruchi". The Hindu. Tiruchi, India. 25 January 2011. Archived from the original on 30 January 2011.
22. ^ "City of speed". The Hindu. 24 April 2006. Archived from the original on 21 January 2007. Retrieved 3 January 2007.
23. ^ "Memories of Madras: From Sholavaram to Irungattukottai". The Hindu. India. 11 October 2011.
24. ^ "MRF Sports".
25. ^ "MRF Limited". NDTV. 14 February 2015.
26. ^ "Ajith Kumar to drive in F2 European season 2010". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 25 March 2010.
27. ^ "Tamil Nadu bags volleyball gold". The Hindu. Ranchi, India. 18 February 2011.
28. ^ Shobha Warrier (6 October 2005). "Why Kutraleeswaran stopped swimming". Rediff India - Sports. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
29. ^ "Champion archer Srither felicitated". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 31 December 2009. Archived from the original on 4 January 2010.
30. ^ "Carrom champion". The Hindu. 14 March 2013.
31. ^ "Paralympics 2016 | Mariyappan Thangavelu wins India's first gold in Rio". 10 September 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
32. ^ Stalin, J. Sam Daniel (10 September 2016). "Paralympian Mariyappan Thangavelu's Golden Leap From Poverty". NDTV Sports. Archived from the original on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.

## External links

[edit]

* Sports Development Authority of Tamil Nadu
* Tamil Nadu archery association
* Tamil Nadu Billiards and Snooker Association
* Tamil Nadu State Aquatic Association

* v
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State of Tamil Nadu

Capital: Chennai

State
symbols|

* Seal: Srivilliputhur Andal temple tower
* Animal: Nilgiri tahr
* Bird: Emerald dove
* Flower: Gloriosa lily
* Fruit: Jackfruit
* Tree: Palm tree
* Butterfly: Cirrochroa Thais

Governance|

* Governors
* Chief ministers
* Deputy chief ministers
* Legislative Assembly
* Political parties
* Raj Bhavan
* Chennai
* Ooty
* High Court
* Police

Topics|

* Cinema
* Cuisine
* Economy
* Government
* History
* Language
* Literature
* Music
* People
* Education
* Sports
* Politics
* Temples
* Protected areas
* Radio on Internet
* Highest point
* Wildlife
* Sexual minorities
* Tourism
* Kaveri River water dispute
* State Day

Major cities|

* Chennai
* Coimbatore
* Madurai
* Tiruchirappalli
* Tiruppur
* Salem

Districts|

* Ariyalur
* Chengalpattu
* Chennai
* Coimbatore
* Cuddalore
* Dharmapuri
* Dindigul
* Erode
* Kallakurichi
* Kanchipuram
* Kanyakumari
* Karur
* Krishnagiri
* Madurai
* Mayiladuthurai
* Nagapattinam
* Namakkal
* Nilgiris
* Perambalur
* Pudukkottai
* Ramanathapuram
* Ranipet
* Salem
* Sivaganga
* Tenkasi
* Thanjavur
* Theni
* Thoothukudi
* Tiruchirappalli
* Tirunelveli
* Tirupathur
* Tiruppur
* Tiruvallur
* Tiruvannamalai
* Tiruvarur
* Vellore
* Viluppuram
* Virudhunagar

Lists|

* Districts in Tamil Nadu by HDI
* Cities in Tamil Nadu by population
* Towns in Tamil Nadu by population
* Revenue divisions in Tamil Nadu

India portal

* v
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Sports teams based in Tamil Nadu

Badminton|

PBL
Chennai Superstarz

Basketball|

EPBL
Chennai Turbos†
INBL
Chennai Heat†
PBL
Chennai Icons†
UPBL
Chennai Slam†

Cricket|

Domestic
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu Women

CCL
Chennai Rhinos
ICL
Chennai Superstars†
IPL
Chennai Super Kings
ISPL
Chennai Singams

TNPL
Chepauk Super Gillies
Dindigul Dragons
Kovai Kings
Madurai Panthers
Nellai Royal Kings
Salem Spartans
Tiruppur Tamizhans
Trichy Grand Cholas

Field hockey|

HIL
Tamil Nadu Dragons
PHL
Chennai Veerans†
WSH
Chennai Cheetahs†

Football|

Domestic
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu Women

ISL
Chennaiyin FC
IWL
Sethu FC
I-League
Chennai City FC†

Futsal|

APFC
Chennai Singhams†

Kabaddi|

PKL
Tamil Thalaivas

Kho kho|

UKK
Chennai Quick Guns

Mixed martial arts|

SFL
Tamil Veerans

Motorsport|

IRL
Chennai Turbo Riders

Rugby|

RPL
Chennai Bulls

Table tennis|

UTT
Chennai Lions

Tennis|

TPL
Chennai Smashers

Volleyball|

IVL
Chennai Spikers†
Pro VL
Chennai Spartans†
Prime VL
Chennai Blitz

American football|

EFL
Chennai Cobras†

† defunct

* v
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Sports venues in Tamil Nadu

Cricket|

* M. A. Chidambaram Stadium
* Nehru Stadium, Chennai
* Salem Cricket Foundation Stadium
* Guru Nanak College Ground
* Chemplast Cricket Ground
* SNR College Cricket Ground
* NPR College Ground
* Indian Cement Company Ground
* Nehru Stadium, Tiruchirappalli
* Nehru Stadium, Coimbatore
* Mayajaal Sports Village

Chepauk stadium

SDAT stadium

Kari Speedway

Football|

* Nehru Stadium, Chennai
* Nehru Stadium, Coimbatore

Golf courses|

* Guindy Links
* Cosmopolitan Club (Chennai)
* Madras Gymkhana Club
* Kodaikanal Golf Club
* Coimbatore Golf Club
* Ooty Golf Course

Field hockey|

* Anna Stadium
* Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium

Multi-purpose|

* Anna Stadium
* Nehru Stadium, Chennai
* MRF Pachyappas Ground
* Mahatma Gandhi Stadium
* Mayajaal
* MGR Race Course Stadium
* Rajarathinam Stadium
* Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Ground
* Tamukkam Ground
* VOC Park Stadium

Motorsport|

* Madras Motor Race Track
* Kari Motor Speedway
* Chennai City Circuit

Tennis|

* SDAT Tennis Stadium

Others|

* Guindy Race Course

* v
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Sport in India

| Summer sports|

| Olympic sports|

* Archery
* Artistic swimming
* Athletics
* Badminton
* Baseball
* Basketball
* Boxing
* Cycling
* Diving
* Equestrian
* Fencing
* Field hockey
* Football
* Golf
* Gymnastics
* Handball
* Judo
* Karate
* Kayaking
* Rowing
* Sailing
* Shooting
* Skateboarding
* Softball
* Sport climbing
* Surfing
* Swimming
* Table tennis
* Taekwondo
* Tennis
* Volleyball
* Water polo
* Weightlifting
* Wrestling

|

Others|

* Air sports
* Arm wrestling
* Bodybuilding
* Bowling
* Bridge
* Canoeing
* Carrom
* Chess
* Cricket
* Cue sports
* Darts
* Dancesport
* Dodgeball
* Floorball
* Kabaddi
* Kho kho
* Kickboxing
* Korfball
* Kurash
* Lacrosse
* Lifesaving
* Motorsport
* Mountaineering
* Muaythai
* Netball
* Orienteering
* Padel
* Pickleball
* Polo
* Pop tennis
* Powerboating
* Racquetball
* Rollball
* Roller sport
* Rugby union
* Sambo
* Sepak takraw
* Snooker
* Squash
* Sumo
* Teqball
* Throwball
* Tug of war
* Waterskiing
* Ultimate flying disc
* Wushu

Winter sports|

* Bandy
* Curling
* Ice hockey
* Ice skating
* Icestock
* Skiing
* Sledding

In international
competitions|

| Multi-sport event|

* Olympics
* Paralympics
* Asian Games
* Commonwealth Games
* Lusophony Games
* World Games

|

World championships|

* Cricket World Cup
* Football World Cup

By year|

* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2025

By states and union territories

* Andaman and Nicobar
* Andhra Pradesh
* Arunachal Pradesh
* Assam
* Bihar
* Chandigarh
* Chhattisgarh
* Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
* Delhi
* Goa
* Gujarat
* Haryana
* Himachal Pradesh
* Jammu and Kashmir
* Jharkhand
* Karnataka
* Kerala
* Ladakh
* Lakshadweep
* Madhya Pradesh
* Maharashtra
* Manipur
* Meghalaya
* Mizoram
* Nagaland
* Odisha
* Puducherry
* Punjab
* Rajasthan
* Sikkim
* Tamil Nadu
* Telangana
* Tripura
* Uttarakhand
* Uttar Pradesh
* West Bengal

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