Sri Lanka and the International Monetary Fund

Sri Lanka & IMF Overview

Country Population:| 22.037 million
Date of Membership:| 29 August 1950
Latest Article IV/Country Report:| 13 June 2024
Special Drawing Rights (SDR):| 0.24 million
Quota (SDR):| 578.8 million
Number of Arrangements:| 17
Outstanding Purchases and Loans (SDR)| 1,351.45 million (30 June 2024)
Sri Lanka's Resident Representative:| Sarwat Jahan

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Part of a series on the

Aragalaya

* Rajapaksa family
* Corruption
* Politics

Background

Existing political culture

* Authoritarianism
* Bribery
* Censorship
* Corruption
* Cronyism
* Enforced disappearances
* Extrajudicial killings
* Fake news
* Gender inequality
* Hate speech
* Impunity
* Kleptocracy
* Nepotism
* Political dynasties
* State terrorism

Pre-2022 political instabilty

* 2015 presidential election
* coup attempt
* 2015 parliamentary election
* 15th parliament (Yahapalana Government)
* Central Bank bond scandal
* anti-Muslim riots
* 2018
* 2019
* 2018 constitutional crisis
* 2019 Easter bombings
* 2019 presidential election
* 2020 parliamentary election
* 16th parliament

Economic crisis (2019–present)

Causes

* COVID-19 pandemic
* Tax cuts and money creation
* Agricultural catastrophe
* Foreign exchange crisis
* Russian invasion of Ukraine
* Global energy crisis

Effects

* Political crisis
* IMF loan
* Poverty

Political crisis (2022–present)

Opponents & demands

* Opponents

* Rajapaksa family & SLPP politicians
* Ranil Wickremesinghe & UNP politicians

* Demands

1\. Resignation of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa 2\. Accountability for corruption 3\. Economic reforms 4\. Access to essential services 5\. Political reforms 6\. Youth participation

Protests

* Occupy Galle Face
* Gotagogama
* Mynagogama
* Black Monday attacks on protesters
* Resignation of Mahinda Rajapaksa
* Storming of President's House
* Flight & Exile of Gotabaya Rajapaksa
* Flight of Rajapaksa family and associates
* Crackdown on protests

Government overthrow

* 16th Parliament
* Rajapaksa Administration
* Rajapaksa cabinet I
* II
* III
* IV
* 2022 Presidential election
* Wickremesinghe Administration
* Wickremesinghe cabinet

Elections of 2024

* 2024 Presidential
* Dissanayake cabinet
* 2024 parliamentary
* 17th Parliament
* 2024 Elpitiya

Legacy

Legacy

* Art of the Aragalaya

* Politics
* Sri Lanka

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Sri Lanka joined the International Monetary Fund on August 29, 1950.[1] Since June 1965, Sri Lanka has taken 16 loans from the IMF, with a total value of 3,586,000,000 SDR's. The most recent of these loans was agreed to in June 2016, with an agreed total of 1,070,780 SDR's, and 715,230,000 SDR's being withdrawn. Of this total, 715,230,000 SDR's remain outstanding.[2] Notwithstanding the receipt of substantial soft loans from China, the island nation of Sri Lanka finds itself ensnared in a foreign currency crisis, prompting concerns among experts that it may be driven towards default. The current year places a heavy burden on Sri Lanka, with debt repayments amounting to approximately $4.5 billion, commencing with an initial payment of $500 million towards an international sovereign bond. Sri Lanka holds a position of significant importance in China's ambitious Belt and Road Initiative.[3]

## Constituency

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Sri Lanka is a part of a constituency with Bangladesh, Bhutan, and India. The representative of this constituency on the IMF executive board is Surjit Singh Bhalla. This constituency has 3.05% of the total voting power of the IMF. Individually, Sri Lanka has 7,247 total votes, or .15%[clarification needed] of the total voting power of the IMF.[4] Sri Lanka's current IMF quota is 578.6 million SDR's.[5]

## History

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### 2016-2019 IMF intervention

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In 2016, Sri Lanka began an adjustment program, supported under the Extended Fund Facility.[6] The Extended Fund Facility supported agreement expired in June 2020. While foreign exchange reserve levels did recover from 2016 to 2019, reserves have declined sharply since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.[7] Similarly, Sri Lanka's current account balance briefly improved, but as of 2022, returned to exhibiting a large deficit.[8]

As per the IMF's statement, India has firmly pledged its commitment to aiding its distressed neighbor, Sri Lanka, in reducing its debt burden through a potential International Monetary Fund-backed initiative. The successful resolution with the IMF holds utmost importance for Sri Lanka's journey to recover from its most severe financial crisis in the past seventy years, highlighting the crucial role played by India's support. The longstanding friendship between India and Sri Lanka further fortifies the bedrock of this collaborative endeavor.[9]

### 2019-present economic and political crisis

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Amidst the country's current foreign exchange crisis, former Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa sought a $3 Billion loan from the IMF in April 2022. Opposition party leaders urged Rajapaksa to seek IMF assistance prior to April.[10] The governor of the country's central bank, P Nandalal Weeresignhe, echoed this sentiment.[11] Sri Lanka has also sought an additional $500 million line of credit from India, and began negotiating a credit line of $1.5 billion. Sri Lankan minister of finance Ali Sabry has stated "We are a neutral country. We are a friend to all."[10] In May 2022, Sri Lanka defaulted on its debt for the first time in the country's history.[12]

Negotiations between the IMF and Sri Lanka regarding lending to resolve the balance of payments crisis are ongoing. As of July 18, 2022 acting president Ranil Wickremesignhe stated that negotiations were nearing conclusion.[13]

Controversy

Washington Post columnist Ishaan Tharoor argues that the decision of the Rajapaksa government to accept a $3 billion line of credit from China to facilitate repayment of existing debts was an important factor in the development of the current crisis. Tharoor argues that rather than focus on long-term debt restructuring that may have resolved Sri Lanka's balance of payments crisis, Sri Lanka opted to pursue easy credit, resulting in eventual failure to repay outstanding loans. The article identifies this line of credit as a part of a broader trend referred to as debt trap diplomacy.[14]

## Article IV consultations

[edit]

The 2021 article IV consultation for Sri Lanka was published in March 2022. The consultation warned of a rising current account deficit, referring to Sri Lanka's foreign exchange reserve levels as "critically low". Executive directors praised Sri Lanka's COVID-19 policy response and vaccination drive, but argued that Sri Lanka's public debt was unsustainable. The executive directors recommended an increase in the income tax rate and value added tax, among other fiscal policy reforms, and cost-recovery energy pricing. The report also raised concerns about rising inflation, arguing that a tighter monetary policy response would be necessary. Additionally, executive directors stressed the importance of long-term structural adjustments to increase female labor force participation, reduce youth unemployment, diversify the economy, and fight corruption.[6]

## List of Loan Agreements

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History of Lending Commitments[15][16]

No. | Facility | Date of Arrangement | Expiration Date | Amount Agreed, 000’ SDRs
(USD Millions) | Amount Drawn
(%)[17] | Amount Outstanding
1 | SBA | 15 June 1965 | 14 June 1966 | 30,000 (30) | 22,500 (75%) | 0
2 | SBA | 15 June, 1966 | 14 June 1967 | 25,000 (25) | 25,000 (100%) | 0
3 | SBA | 6 May 1968 | 5 May 1969 | 19,500 (20) | 19,500 (100%) | 0
4 | SBA | 12 August 1969 | 11 August 1970 | 19,500 (20) | 19,500 (100%) | 0
5 | SBA | 18 March 1971 | 17 March 1972 | 24,500 (25) | 24,500 (100%) | 0
6 | SBA | 30 April 1974 | 29 April 1975 | 24,500 (30) | 7,000 (29%) | 0
7 | SBA | 2 December 1977 | 1 December 1978 | 93,000 (112) | 93,000 (100%) | 0
8 | EFF | 1 January 1979 | 31 December 1981 | 260,300 (336) | 260,300 (100%) | 0
9 | SBA | 14 September 1983 | 31 July 1984 | 100,000 (105) | 50,000 (50%) | 0
10 | SAFC | 9 March 1988 | 8 March 1991 | 156,170 (214) | 156,170 (100%) | 0
11 | ECF | 13 September 1991 | 31 July 1995 | 336,000 (455) | 280,000 (83%) | 0
12 | SBA | 20 April 2001 | 19 September 2002 | 200,000 (254) | 200,000 (100%) | 0
13 | EFF | 18 April 2003 | 17 April 2006 | 144,400 (198) | 20,670 (14%) | 0
14 | ECF | 18 April 2003 | 17 April 2006 | 269,000 (368) | 38,390 (14%) | 0
15 | SBA | 24 July 2009 | 23 July 2012 | 1,653,600 (2,566) | 1,653,600 (100%) | 0
16 | EFF | 3 June 2016 | 2 June 2019 | 1,070,780 (1,507) | 715,230 (50%) | 715,230
Total (as of 30 September 2018) | 4,426,250 | 3,585,360 | 715,230
17 | EFF | 20 March 2023 | 20 March 2025 | 2,286,000 (~3,000) | 2,286,000 (395%) |

## See also

[edit]

* Economy of Sri Lanka
* Sri Lanka and the World Bank

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "List of Members' Date of Entry". www.imf.org. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
2. ^ "History of Lending Commitments: Sri Lanka". www.imf.org. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
3. ^ "Crisis-hit Sri Lanka asks China to restructure its debt". BBC News. 2022-01-10. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
4. ^ "IMF Executive Directors and Voting Power". IMF. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
5. ^ "Sri Lanka and the IMF". IMF. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
6. ^ a b "Sri Lanka: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Sri Lanka". IMF. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
7. ^ "Total reserves (includes gold, current US$) - Sri Lanka | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2022-07-23.
8. ^ "Current account balance (% of GDP) - Sri Lanka | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2022-07-23.
9. ^ "India commits to help Sri Lanka on debt in prospective IMF program". Reuters. 2023-01-23. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
10. ^ a b Ghoshal, Devjyot; Jayasinghe, Uditha (2022-04-09). "EXCLUSIVE Sri Lanka to seek $3 billion to stave off crisis". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
11. ^ "Sri Lanka should have gone to IMF sooner, says central bank governor". BBC News. 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-07-23.
12. ^ "Sri Lanka defaults on debt for first time in its history". BBC News. 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2022-07-23.
13. ^ Jayasinghe, Uditha (2022-07-18). "Sri Lanka says IMF talks near end after declaring state of emergency". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-07-18.
14. ^ "Analysis | China has a hand in Sri Lanka's economic calamity". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2022-07-23.
15. ^ "History of Lending Commitments: Sri Lanka". www.imf.org. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
16. ^ The Importance of International Monetary Fund Programmes (PDF) (Annual Report 2021 ed.). Central Bank of Sri Lanka. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
17. ^ Collins, Adam; Kannangara, Pabasara. "The International Monetary Fund and Sri Lanka". The Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute. Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute. Retrieved 14 September 2024.

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Economy of Sri Lanka

Companies|

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Currency,
Governance|

* Central Bank of Sri Lanka
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History|

* Coffee rust
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People|

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Promotion|

* Board of Investment of Sri Lanka
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Sectors|

| Primary|

* Agriculture
* Cinnamon
* Cocoa
* Coconut
* Coffee
* Livestock
* Rice
* Rubber
* Sugar
* Tea
* Forestry
* Mining
* Gems
* Graphite

|

Secondary|

* Apparel
* Beer
* Energy
* Electricity
* Nuclear
* Solar
* Wind
* Trade
* Telecommunications
* Utilities
* Ceylon Electricity Board
* Lanka Electricity Company
* Water Supply

Tertiary|

* Banking
* Banks
* Colombo Stock Exchange
* S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index
* All Share Price Index
* Healthcare
* Information technology
* Institute of Bankers of Sri Lanka
* Port City Colombo
* Sri Lanka Interbank Payment System
* Tourism
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* SriLankan Airlines
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Quaternary|

* Education
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International
cooperation|

* SAARC
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See also|

International rankings

* Commons

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[No.]: Number
*[(USD Millions)]: Amounts converted from SDR using exchange rate at date of each lending arrangement.
*[(%)]: Share of funds drawn
*[EFF]: Extended Fund Facility
*[SAFC]: Structural Adjustment Facility Commitment
*[ECF]: Extended Credit Facility