St. Petersburg Pier

East end of St. Petersburg Pier in July 2021

Type| Pleasure pier
Spans| Tampa Bay
Locale| St. Petersburg, Florida,
United States
Official name| St. Pete Pier
Owner| City of St. Petersburg
Characteristics
History
Designer| ASD Architects
Rogers Partners Architects+Urban Designers
Ken Smith
Opening date|  ()
Coordinates| 27°46′24″N 82°37′19″W﻿ / ﻿27.77333°N 82.62194°W﻿ / 27.77333; -82.62194

The St. Petersburg Pier, officially known as the St. Pete Pier, is a landmark pleasure pier extending into Tampa Bay from downtown St. Petersburg, Florida, United States.

Several structures have successively occupied the site, most recently, the third owned by the city, a five-story inverted pyramid-shaped building[1][2] designed by St. Petersburg architect William B. Harvard, Sr.[3] That Inverted Pyramid Pier was closed in 2013, and the new 26-acre Pier District opened on July 6, 2020.[4] The $92 million project includes five restaurants,[5] a playground, an environmental education center, and numerous artworks including work by Xenobia Bailey, Nathan Mabry, Nick Ervinck,[6] and a large sculpture entitled Bending Arc by Janet Echelman.[7] Its opening was scheduled for May 30, 2020,[8] but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Florida.

## History

[edit]

Before the construction of a centralized pier in St. Petersburg, Florida, there were several smaller piers that jutted out into the Tampa Bay from 1854 to the creation of the Railroad Pier in 1889.[9] The first of which resulted from an expedition by Lt. C.H. Berryman replying to Florida senator David Levy Yulee to survey land for optimal partitions of railroad lines following the 1850 Florida Swamp Land Act to the region.[9] Though due to the railroad being halted in Cedar Key, Florida the project was soon deserted, however the findings did stimulate active ideas in extending the line to the greater Tampa Bay metropolitan area due to his 1855 report.[9]

### Early constructed piers

[edit]

The first centralized pier was created in 1889 when the Orange Belt Railway, brought by Peter Demens, constructed the Railroad Pier stretching from around 2,000 to 3,000 feet into the Tampa Bay after being convinced by John C. Williams.[10][11][12] Built on 1st Avenue South,[12] the Railroad Pier allowed for steamboats and cargo-freight ships to enter and dock in its 12-feet-deep waters.[10][11] It was deemed by Demens to be a tourist attraction, later instigating the construction of a bathing pavilion in the two years following its opening.[10][12] In the same year, Henry W. Hibbs leased part of the pier to open a fishing business which quickly grew the industry of fishing in the area.[10][12]

During these early years, Demens sold off the railway to Henry B. Plant, who converted the railway into the Sanford and St. Petersburg Railroad.[11][13] Not wanting to lose business interest in his holdings, Plant and his associates held a monopoly on the pier going as far as to block further dredging of the channel later in 1901.[11][12][14] As an alternative to the Railroad Pier, D.F.S. Brantley constructed the Brantley Pier in 1896 at the length of 1,500 feet in 7-foot-deep waters.[11][13] The Brantley Pier also hosted a bathing pavilion, and was built farther north at 2nd Avenue North.[13][14] As competition between the piers grew, it helped to facilitate William Straub of the St. Petersburg Times to successfully advocate for the waterfronts to be used for public parks in the early 20th century.[13]

1906 postcard of the Fountain of Youth Pier (left), the Railroad Pier (center), and the Electric Pier (right)

A third pier was built by Edwin H. Tomlinson in 1901 south of the Railroad Pier on 4th Avenue South which was named the Fountain of Youth Pier.[15] The pier featured a cottage at the edge of the pier, and a well that was drilled near the entrance having water that held similar promises of the famed Fountain of Youth.[10][15]

The Brantley Pier was demolished in 1904 and was soon replaced by the Electric Pier constructed by F.A. Davis in 1905.[11][16] The Electric Pier had a length of 3,000 feet and was 16 feet in width.[11] The pier was illuminated with light bulbs and featured an electric trolley that could move both passengers and cargo down the length of the pier, rivaling that of the Railroad Pier once again.[16] In 1908, Jesse F. Conrad purchased the pier from Tomlinson and added an arch for the entrance of the pier as well as turning the well into a spa.[15]

The city of St. Petersburg built its first pier, the Municipal Recreation Pier, ten feet north of the Electric Pier in 1913 after a $40,000 bond was authorized by voters.[10][11][17][18] The Municipal Recreation Pier was an effort by the city to boost its tourism, enhance the cities parks, and was used solely for recreational activities.[17] A year later in 1914 the Electric Pier was demolished.[17]

In the aftermath of the 1921 Tampa Bay Hurricane, the Fountain of Youth Pier was destroyed and the spa building at its base collapsed.[10][15] The rest of the piers were severely damaged as the Railroad Pier had a water tank and Henry W. Hibbs fishing unit left standing while the Municipal Recreation Pier had only pilings remaining.[10][19][20][21] Soon after the Municipal Recreation Pier was repaired, although engineers had alerted public officials that the pier would need to be replaced thereafter.[11] As a result, Lew B. Brown, a publisher of the Evening Independent, promoted an effort to construct a new pier entitled "The Million Dollar Pier".[10][11][22] Brown had organized the community into donating $300,000 towards the pier, with the remaining funds being bonded from the city.[11][22] Voters in 1925 voted to endorse a $1 million bond towards a new pier structure, and construction of the pier began the same year.[11][18] In total, the pier would cost $998,729.18 ($17.4 million in 2023 dollars).[10][11][23]

### The Million Dollar Pier

[edit]

The Million Dollar Pier picture from Spa Beach in 1954

After a year of construction, the Million Dollar Pier was opened on November 25, 1926 with 10,000 individuals in attendance.[10][11][22] The pier extended 1,452 feet into the bay with the bridge measuring 100 feet in width.[11] At the head of the pier stood a building named the Casino, a Mediterranean Revival architecture structure.[10][11] The Casino had hosted a central atrium for vehicles, an open air ballroom and theater, and an observation deck.[10][11] Along its base and approach the pier also accommodated a beach, a solarium, and a streetcar line.[10][22] In July 1927, the radio station WSUN began operation on the second floor of the Casino in the Shrine Club.[10][11][22]

In 1952, the Railroad Pier was demolished ending the early era of public constructed piers.[12]

In the mid 1960s, the pier began to become neglected sparking different groups to suggest replacements for the pier, though all were shot down by the city council.[10] Due to considerable repairs and renovations that would be needed to upkeep the pier,[24] the demolition of the Million Dollar Pier Casino structure started in July 1967 and was completed in the same year by the Cuyahoga Wrecking Company.[10][25]

### The Inverted Pyramid Pier

[edit]

The Inverted Pyramid Pier in 2007 as viewed from the Vinoy Park

After the demolition, the pier's head was converted into a park that included benches, tables, and shelters.[10] In the ensuing years the city considered numerous alternatives, from industrial tod commercial uses.[10] In 1969, the city council authorized a pier project slated to be completed for the 1970–1971 tourist season at the cost of $2 million.[10][26] The project selected was the Inverted Pyramid Pier designed by William B. Harvard Sr., designed to minimize blocking the a view of Tampa Bay.[11][26] The following year in 1970, the pier project was granted an additional $800,000 to construct the design.[10][27]

The Inverted Pyramid Pier opened on January 15, 1973 after delays and a budget of approximately $4 million.[10][27] Upon its opening, the Marriott Corporation was given a five-year contract in managing the pier.[10] With a tubular steel framework to create large windows for panoramic views of Tampa Bay and a larger top floor and observation deck.[24]

On March 20, 1976, the city dedicated a laser sculpture by Rockne Krebs entitled Starboard Home on the Range, Part VI.[28] The sculpture featured a green laser beam from the pier directed towards downtown St. Petersburg, reflecting to the pier several times with mirrors, finally reflecting out to Tampa Bay.[29] When ongoing technical problems with cooling the laser engine caused repeated dysfunction, the laser sculpture was shut down.[29]

In 1986, the Inverted Pyramid Pier closed for renovations. After delays and an expanded restoration budget of $12 million the pier reopened on August 27, 1988.[30][31][32]

In 2004, the city of St. Petersburg determined The Pier's upkeep was excessive -- and a new pier would replace the inverted pyramid in the coming years. In April 2005, Pinellas County created a plan to set aside $50 million for the new plans for the pier. In 2009, an official Pier Task Force initiaged an international design competition with 29 design submissions.[33] The Inverted Pyramid Pier officially closed on May 31, 2013.[30]

## Plans for a new pier

[edit]

### The Lens

[edit]

In a straw-poll vote (5-3) after a two-hour workshop on August 18, 2010, the St. Petersburg City Council accepted Mayor Bill Foster's recommendation to demolish the current pier.[34] A binding vote, 7-1, was taken at an August 26 meeting.[35] On January 20, 2012, the St. Petersburg Pier International Design Competition Jury unanimously selected Michael Maltzan Architecture's "The Lens" as the design for the new pier out of the original 29 architectural firms that submitted designs for the pier. Design proposals by the top three competitors included Bjarke Ingels Group's (BIG) "The Wave" and West 8's "The People's Pier".[36] In September 2012, the city applied to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for a permit to demolish the pier. Approval would have taken 6 to 12 months.[37]

A campaign to stop the destruction of the existing pier and prevent The Lens design from replacing it resulted in a referendum. One issue with The Lens design was its plans for a visible reef that low visibility in Tampa Bay made unrealistic.[38] On August 27, 2013, city residents voted to cancel the contract with Michael Maltzan Architecture,[39] ending The Lens project.[40]

### Pier Park

[edit]

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View of the pier in September 2015 without its base structure (top) and with the approach with the gate blocking off the demolition area of the pier in December 2015 (bottom)

After The Lens design was turned down by the citizens of St. Petersburg, mayor Rick Kriseman asked for the request for qualification for a design consultant in January 2014. Later a group was established called the Pier Working Group to incorporate elements and activities from the community in order to set the basis for the new pier.[33][41][better source needed]

The process of finding a new pier began with sixteen initial teams that submitted a statement of qualification on September 8, 2014 with ideas ranging from renovating to replacing the current pier.[42][43] From those initial teams, eight were invited by the city of St. Petersburg to the second stage of the selection process.[44][45] Designs for the new pier concept were due on December 15, 2014 by the selected eight teams.[46][47] After review from the selection committee of the designs introduced by the teams, the design teams were shortlisted on January 23, 2015 to include seven of the original eight teams,[48] dropping "The Crescent" by ahha! Design Group.[49][50][51] Over the course of the next month from January to February, public outreach was collected based on the shortlisting and the teams presented their pier concepts to the public.[52][53] A public online survey ensued from February to March, which the results from citizens of St. Petersburg favored the "Destination St. Pete Pier" by the St. Pete Design Group followed by "Pier Park" by ASD Architects, Rogers Partners Architects+Urban Designers, & Ken Smith Architect and "Blue Pier" by W Architecture and Landscape Architecture.[54][55]

A meeting with the pier committee was held on March 20, 2015 to decide the top three rankings for the pier. During this meeting, the committee evaluated the designs of all seven piers viewing each pro's and con's and hearing comments from both the committee and public. In conclusion of the meeting, four of the seven teams were eliminated which excluded the "Blue Pier", "Discover Bay Life Pier", "rePier", and "Prospect Pier". The top three piers were ranked by "ALMA" first, "Destination St. Pete Pier" second, and "Pier Park" third, however the movement to rank the piers in the order given was failed during a vote between the committee.[56][57] Weeks after the initial meeting, mayor Rick Kriseman commented that the residents just want to see their elected officials build a pier.[58]

Construction of Pier Park in December 2018

During a final hearing on April 23, 2015, the selection committee had two meetings.[59] The first involved a questions and answers for the top three teams and the second included a hearing from the public with final consideration for the top three designs.[60] During the second meeting, the selection committee ranked the piers by several major criteria.[61][better source needed] During the late night meeting, the committee ranked "Pier Park" as their number one pick followed by the favored "Destination St. Pete Pier" ranked second and "ALMA" by Alfonso Architects ranked third.[59][62][63] The St. Petersburg City Council approved of the "Pier Park" plans on May 7, 2015 in a 7 to 1 vote,[64][65] and approved the contract on June 9, 2015.[66]

On July 9, 2015, the city council approved on a $5.2 million deal to demolish the current pier and to finalize the Pier Park.[67] The demolition of the pier began on August 18, 2015.[68][69] On November 17, 2015, the St. Petersburg Pier structure was fully demolished.[70][71] After the demolition of the structure, the approach of the pier was next which was estimated to be fully demolished four months after starting. The entire demolition was expected to be done by February 2016,[72] however it was completed in late 2016 on the account of safety concerns from the decay of the construction materials that were reinforced over the lifetime of the pier's approach and base structure.[73][74] A redesign on the pier was presented on March 17, 2016 with mixed reactions from officials, though it was viewed positively by the city's council.[75] Due to the redesign, budget cuts were soon imposed on the Pier's concepts.[76] Pier Park's groundbreaking began on June 28, 2017.[77][78] On September 25, 2017, Pinellas County granted an expanded budget of $76 million towards the Pier's district.[79] In December 2017, the pier's concrete pilings were around "three quarters of the way done" with the deck "about half done".[80] In April 2018, three artists were announced to create public art for the pier's surrounding and immediate district, including Nick Ervinck, Nathan Mabry, and Xenobia Bailey.[81] In August 2018, it was approved by the cities council to install a Janet Echelman sculpture in the pier's district.[82][83] Vertical construction on the Pier's structure began in November 2018.[84]

Its original opening was scheduled for May 30, 2020,[8] but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Florida.[citation needed] The pier and pier district opened on July 6.[85][86] The renovated St. Pete Pier features a variety of restaurants. The new addition to the city sits on 26 acres of land.[87][better source needed]

## In popular culture

[edit]

On June 17, 1922, 18-year-old Dorothy MacLatchie was killed by a "monster fish" while floating next to the Municipal Recreation Pier in St. Petersburg, Florida. While some reports indicate her death was caused by a shark, newspaper accounts indicate her death was caused by a barracuda.[88][89][90]

Numerous scenes from the second and third season of the mid-1990s television series seaQuest DSV featured the Pier.[91] The Pier was featured prominently on the cover of local zombie anthology, Zombie St. Pete, a zombie-themed short story collection.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Ordonez, Sandra. "About the St. Pete Pier". About.com. Archived from the original on December 6, 2007. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
2. ^ "The New York Times Travel Guide to St. Petersburg: Frommer's Review of The Pier". The New York Times. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
3. ^ McClintock, Jack (September 9, 1973). "The Secret Power of Bill Harvard" (PDF). St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
4. ^ "As the new St. Pete Pier opens, a look back at piers of the past". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
5. ^ "I ate at all 5 restaurants at the new St. Pete Pier. Here's what to expect". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
6. ^ "Explore the Pier". The St. Pete Pier. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
7. ^ "Janet Echelman discusses her public art sculpture at the new St. Pete Pier". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
8. ^ a b Medrano, Kastalia (February 14, 2020). "Florida Is About to Unveil the Biggest Waterfront Playground In the Southeast". www.thrillist.com.
9. ^ a b c Sitler, Nevin D. (April 27, 2015). St. Petersburg's Piers. Arcadia Publishing. p. 7\. ISBN 9781439651070.
10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Sitler, Nevin D. (April 27, 2015). St. Petersburg's Piers. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9781439651070.
11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Michaels, Will (November 11, 2012). The Making of St. Petersburg. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9781614237761.
12. ^ a b c d e f "The Railroad Pier". St. Petersburg Pier. The St. Petersburg Group. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
13. ^ a b c d "The Brantley Pier". St. Petersburg Pier. The St. Petersburg Group. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
14. ^ a b Michaels, Will (June 25, 2016). Hidden History of St. Petersburg. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9781625858207.
15. ^ a b c d "The Fountain of Youth Pier". St. Petersburg Pier. The St. Petersburg Group. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
16. ^ a b "The Electric Pier". St. Petersburg Pier. The St. Petersburg Group. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
17. ^ a b c "The Municipal Recreation Pier". St. Petersburg Pier. The St. Petersburg Group. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
18. ^ a b Moore, Waveney Ann (May 25, 2013). "Piers through the years in St. Petersburg". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
19. ^ Ballingrud, David (August 24, 2002). "The Tampa Bay Hurricane". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on July 11, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
20. ^ "The Million Dollar Pier". St. Petersburg Pier. The St. Petersburg Group. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
21. ^ Kite-Powell, Rodney (November 3, 2013). "Late-season hurricane devastated area in 1921". Tampa Bay Onlines. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
22. ^ a b c d e "The Million Dollar Pier". St. Petersburg Pier. The St. Petersburg Group. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
23. ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
24. ^ a b "St. Petersburg Pier Pier Advisory Task Force Design Subcommittee Meeting Minutes Monday, August 17, 2009, 3:30pm" (PDF). City of St. Petersburg. August 17, 2009. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
25. ^ Moore, Waveney Ann (January 17, 2012). "St. Petersburg has learned a few lessons since it last demolished and replaced landmark Pier". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
26. ^ a b "The Inverted Pyramid Pier". St. Petersburg Pier. The St. Petersburg Group. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
27. ^ a b Moore, Waveney Ann (May 25, 2013). "Piers through the years in St. Petersburg". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
28. ^ "Krebs Rockne Sculptures". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
29. ^ a b Sanders, Jacquin (September 19, 1999). "Floridian: The downside of upside down". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
30. ^ a b Moore, Waveney Ann (November 16, 2015). "St. Petersburg's inverted pyramid is going ... going ..." Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
31. ^ Huff, Pam; Meinhardt, Jane (December 1, 2011). "Slideshow: History of the St. Petersburg Pier". Tampa Bay Business Journal. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
32. ^ Olinger, David (August 22, 1988). "Crowds give Pier approval // Reopening draws thousands of visitors". The St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved August 24, 2018 - via Nexis Uni.
33. ^ a b "History of the Pier". City of St. Petersburg. Archived from the original on January 17, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
34. ^ Sickler, Michael Van (August 18, 2010). "Inverted pyramid at the Pier in St. Petersburg headed for wrecking ball". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on August 20, 2010. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
35. ^ Altman, Howard; Thompson, Stephen (August 18, 2010). "St. Pete Council agrees tear down iconic pier start". Tampa Bay Online. Archived from the original on August 20, 2010. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
36. ^ Rosenfield, Karissa (December 2, 2011). "Final Design Proposals for the St. Petersburg Pier Design Competition". Arch Daily. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
37. ^ Puente, Mark (September 7, 2012). "St. Petersburg applies for permit to demolish Pier". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
38. ^ Quirk, Vanessa (December 7, 2012). "Despite Controversy, Michael Maltzan Architecture's "Lens" Will Go On". Arch Daily. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
39. ^ Staff (August 27, 2013). "St. Petersburg: Foster and Kriseman headed to runoff, voters reject the Lens". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
40. ^ Moore, Waveney Ann (August 27, 2013). "St. Petersburg voters decisively reject the Lens". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
41. ^ "Pier Working Group". City of St. Petersburg. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
42. ^ Moore, Waveney Ann (September 5, 2014). "Sixteen design teams line up to renovate or build a new St. Petersburg Pier". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved July 16, 2016.
43. ^ Steele, Kathy (September 9, 2014). "16 Design teams offer visions for St. Petersburg Pier". 83 Degrees Media. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
44. ^ "Request for Qualifications". City of St. Petersburg. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
45. ^ O'Donnell, Christopher (October 13, 2014). "Eight selected to make St. Pete Pier proposals". Tampa Bay Online. Retrieved July 16, 2016.
46. ^ Girardi, Steven (December 15, 2014). "St. Pete receives eight designs for a new Pier". Tampa Bay Online. Retrieved July 16, 2016.
47. ^ "Current Process and What's Next". NewStPetePier.com. Archived from the original on January 17, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
48. ^ "All Seven Shortlisted Design Concepts". NewStPetePier.com. Archived from the original on July 15, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
49. ^ Moore, Waveney Ann (January 23, 2015). "Committee to shortlist St. Petersburg Pier ideas". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
50. ^ Rosenfield, Karissa (December 31, 2014). "Eight Proposals Offer Scaled Down Solutions for Redeveloping St. Petersburg's Pier". Arch Daily. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
51. ^ Holmes, Damian (December 17, 2014). "St.Petersburg Pier shortlisted concepts unveiled". World Landscape Architecture. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
52. ^ Moore, Waveney Ann (January 15, 2015). "St. Petersburg hires marketing expert to clarify message on new pier". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
53. ^ Rivera, Mark (February 11, 2015). "St. Pete Pier designs presented to public". WTSP. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
54. ^ Silcox, Fallon (February 26, 2015). "St. Pete Pier committee launches online survey". Bay News 9. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
55. ^ Conlon, Kendra (March 9, 2015). "St. Pete Pier Proposals: Destination St. Pete Pier wins online vote". WTSP. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
56. ^ Silcox, Fallon; Constantine, Caitlin; Holly, Gregory (March 21, 2015). "Pier designs narrowed down to 3 but committee fails to agree on order". Bay News 9. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
57. ^ Girardi, Steven (March 20, 2015). "St. Pete Pier selection committee delays decision". Tampa Bay Online. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
58. ^ Moore, Waveney Ann (April 9, 2015). "Mayor talks up St. Petersburg Pier process, but council has own ideas". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
59. ^ a b Moore, Waveney Ann (April 23, 2015). "St. Petersburg committee chooses Pier Park". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
60. ^ Silcox, Fallon; Pettiford, Trevor (April 23, 2015). "Pier committee ranking top three designs". Bay News 9. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
61. ^ "Top Three Design Concepts". NewStPetePier.com. Archived from the original on January 10, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
62. ^ Silcox, Fallon; Rojas, Josh (April 24, 2015). "Selection committee picks Pier Park design for new pier". Bay News 9. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
63. ^ Holmes, Damian (April 27, 2015). "The Pier Park selected for New St.Petersburg Pier". World Landscape Architecture. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
64. ^ "St. Pete City Council votes to approve Pier Park concept". Bay News 9. May 8, 2015. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
65. ^ Moore, Waveney Ann (May 7, 2015). "City Council okays Pier Park plan". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
66. ^ Brown, Jo-Lynn (July 9, 2015). "St. Petersburg City Council approves Pier Park contract - Tampa Bay Business Journal". Tampa Bay Business Journal. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
67. ^ Yore, Ashley (July 9, 2015). "$5.2M approved to demolish St. Pete pier, finalize Pier Park design". WFTS. Archived from the original on July 14, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
68. ^ Staff (August 18, 2015). "Demolition of the St. Pete Pier begins". WTSP. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
69. ^ Moore, Waveney Ann (August 18, 2015). "No turning back: City begins demolition of the Pier". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
70. ^ Staff (November 17, 2015). "Time-lapse shows demolition of The Pier in St. Pete". Tampa Bay Online. Archived from the original on November 18, 2015. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
71. ^ "Time-lapse video shows St. Pete Pier come down piece by piece". Bay News 9. November 17, 2015. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
72. ^ Eichman, Melissa (September 28, 2015). "Demo progress: St. Pete Pier no longer inverted pyramid". Bay News 9. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
73. ^ Moore, Waveney Ann (April 6, 2016). "St. Pete Pier demolition contractor owes money, says staffing company". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
74. ^ Moore, Waveney Ann (September 5, 2016). "Latest Pier delay: Demolition of old Pier is seven months behind schedule". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
75. ^ Moore, Waveney Ann (March 17, 2016). "Architects unveil surprising new schematics for the St. Petersburg Pier". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
76. ^ Moore, Waveney Ann (March 25, 2016). "St. Pete pier design costs exceed construction budget, forcing cuts". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
77. ^ Irwin, Janelle (June 28, 2017). "St. Pete pier construction is officially underway". Tampa Bay Business Journal. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
78. ^ Reale, Shelly Steck (June 28, 2017). "St Petersburg Breaks Ground on New Pier". Tampa Bay Reporter. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
79. ^ Moore, Waveney Ann (September 25, 2017). "Pinellas grants St. Pete's request to add millions to pier budget". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
80. ^ Irwin, Janelle (December 19, 2017). "Take a tour of St. Petersburg's new pier under construction (Photos)". Tampa Bay Business Journal. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
81. ^ Moore, Waveney Ann (April 25, 2018). "Three artists picked to create art for St. Pete's new pier". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
82. ^ White, D'Ann Lawrence (August 2, 2018). "St. Pete Council Gives Nod To Echelman Sculpture At Pier Approach". Patch. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
83. ^ Moore, Waveney Ann (August 2, 2018). "Vision of world-famous artist Janet Echelman wins spot at St. Pete Pier". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
84. ^ Moore, Wayne Ann (November 14, 2018). "New St. Petersburg Pier starting to rise above ground". Tampa Bay Times. Times Publishing Company. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
85. ^ Tatham, Chelsea (June 30, 2020). "Everything to know about the new St. Pete Pier opening, including how to get a reservation". WTSP 10 Tampa Bay. WTSP. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
86. ^ Moore, Waveney Ann; Talbot, Peter; Welch, Monique; Solomon, Josh (July 6, 2020). "After years, St. Pete Pier opens to a crowd of thousands Monday". Tampa Bay Times. Times Publishing Company. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
87. ^ "St. Pete Pier". St. Pete Pier. City of St. Petersburg. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
88. ^ "St. Petersburg, FL Attacked by Barracuda, Jun 1922". GenDisasters.com. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
89. ^ "Municipal Pier St. Petersburg Tampa Bay". Go Shark. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
90. ^ "Girl Bather Is Bitten Fatally By Barracuda". The New York Times. June 18, 1922. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 99517323.
91. ^ Daggers, September 18, 1994, retrieved September 12, 2015

## External links

[edit]

* Official website

Wikimedia Commons has media related to St. Petersburg Pier.