St Albans (UK Parliament constituency)

Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1801–1852 & 1885 onwards

St Albans

County constituency
for the House of Commons

Boundaries since 2024

Boundary of St Albans in the East of England

County| Hertfordshire
Electorate| 70,881 (2023)[1]
Major settlements| Bricket Wood, How Wood, Park Street, St Albans
Current constituency
Created| 1885
Member of Parliament| Daisy Cooper (Liberal Democrat)
Seats| One
Created from| Hertfordshire
1554–1852
Seats| Two
Type of constituency| Borough constituency
Created from| Hertfordshire
Replaced by| Hertfordshire

St Albans is a constituency[n 1] in Hertfordshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Daisy Cooper, a Liberal Democrat.[n 2]

This article also describes the eponymous parliamentary borough (1554–1852), consisting only of the city of St Albans, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) by the bloc vote system.

## Constituency profile

[edit]

Electoral Calculus characterises the seat's electorate as "Kind Yuppies", with right-wing economic views but more liberal social attitudes. Incomes and house prices in this seat are well above UK averages. [2] The seat voted decisively to remain in the European Union in 2016, with an estimated Remain vote of 62% compared to 48% nationally.

## History

[edit]

### Up to 1852

[edit]

The Parliamentary Borough of St Albans was represented by two MPs in the House of Commons of England from 1554 to 1707, then of the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and finally in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 onwards, until it was disenfranchised as a result of electoral corruption in 1852.[3]

### 1885 to date

[edit]

Results of all deposit-keeping candidates since 1983 in their bid be the MP for St Albans (UK House of Commons).

The constituency was re-established in an enlarged form by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (which followed on from the Third Reform Act) as one of four Divisions of the abolished three-member Parliamentary County of Hertfordshire, and was formally named as the Mid or St Albans Division of Hertfordshire.

Political history before 1997

Until 1997 the seat was held by one Conservative or another save for the very early 20th century Official Opposition leadership of Henry Campbell-Bannerman and the follow-on first part of his premiership, governing in minority, and later – from 1945 – five of the six years seeing Labour's landslide Attlee ministry.

Political history since 1997

The seat swung towards the left wing on boundary changes effective in 1997, and the founding of the New Labour movement which sought public sector reform and investment with expansion based on international investor-friendly economic growth. The seat followed its projections in line with the large swing led by Tony Blair, to sees its return to a Labour politician. Results, except for a strong Tory surge in 2015 are closer than the 1979–1992 Tory victories forming a complex three-party contest – only once another candidate in this time has reached the deposit (politics)-retaining threshold of 5% of the vote, UKIP at its 2015 peak.

Despite the former Labour MP for the seat, Kerry Pollard, standing there in 2005, 2015 and 2017, he fell varyingly short. The 2019 vote share fell to below that seen in the 1980s, locally, for the party's candidate – the party leader was to the left of the party, Jeremy Corbyn.

The seat has had great fluctuation in Liberal Democrat vote share: 2001 and 2015 were ebbs at below 20% of the vote; in 2010 and 2017 the Liberal Democrat candidate, promisingly, took 4.4% and 10.7% less than the winning Conservative. Liberal Democrat Daisy Cooper went on to win, in 2019. She became first member of a liberal party to represent the constituency since John Bamford Slack in early 1900s.

In December 2023, the Labour Party included the seat in its published list of 211 non-battleground seats, suggesting they did not see it as winnable.[4]

### Prominent members

[edit]

The noble and local landowning Grimston family have produced nine members throughout the seat's history. The three first heirs to the Earldom of Verulam have won election in the seat – the latest MP from the family was John Grimston who later became the 6th Earl (died 1973).

Sir Hildred Carlile (died 1942) was a textiles entrepreneur and generous benefactor of Bedford College, University of London.

Francis Fremantle was chairman of the Parliamentary Medical Committee from 1923 to 1943.

Peter Lilley was a frontbench minister in government from 1992 until 1997, the Secretary of State for Social Security, after two years as Secretary of State for Trade and Industry.

## Boundaries and boundary changes

[edit]

### 1885–1918

[edit]

* The Municipal Borough of St Albans;
* The Sessional Divisions of Barnet and St Albans; and
* Parts of the Sessional Divisions of Watford, Hertford and Dacorum.[5]

As well from the Borough of St Albans, the seat included the towns of Harpenden, Hatfield and Chipping Barnet.

### 1918–1945

[edit]

* The Municipal Borough of St Albans;
* The Urban Districts of Barnet and East Barnet Valley;
* The Rural Districts of Barnet and Hatfield; and
* The Rural District of St Albans civil parishes of Sandridge Rural, St Michael Rural, St Peter Rural, and St Stephen.[6]

North-western parts, including Harpenden, transferred to the new Hemel Hempstead Division. South-western corner (Aldenham) transferred to Watford.

### 1945–1950

[edit]

* The Municipal Borough of St Albans;
* The Urban District of Welwyn Garden City;
* The Rural District of Hatfield; and
* The Rural District of St Albans civil parishes of Sandridge Rural, St Michael Rural, St Peter Rural, and St Stephen.[7]

The Urban Districts of Barnet and East Barnet (formerly East Barnet Valley) and the Rural District of Elstree (formerly Barnet) formed the new Barnet Division. The Urban District of Welwyn Garden City had been formed as a separate local authority which had previously been partly in the Hitchin Division.  Other marginal changes as a result of changes to local authority boundaries.

### 1950–1955

[edit]

* The Municipal Borough of St Albans;
* The Urban District of Welwyn Garden City;
* The Rural District of Welwyn; and
* The Rural District of St Albans civil parishes of Sandridge Rural, St Michael Rural, St Peter Rural, St Stephen, and Wheathampstead.[8]

The Rural District of Welwyn was transferred from Hitchin and the parish of Wheathampstead from Hemel Hempstead.  The Rural District of Hatfield was transferred to Barnet.

### 1955–1974

[edit]

* The Municipal Borough of St Albans; and
* The Rural District of St Albans civil parishes of Colney Heath, London Colney, Sandridge Rural, St Michael Rural, St Stephen, and Wheathampstead.

The Urban District of Welwyn Garden City and the Rural District of Welwyn were transferred to Hertford. (The parish of St Peter Rural had been divided into the parishes of Colney Heath and London Colney).

### 1974–1983

[edit]

* The Municipal Borough of St Albans;
* The Urban District of Harpenden; and
* The Rural District of St Albans civil parishes of Harpenden Rural, Redbourn, St Michael Rural, Sandridge, and Wheathampstead.[9]

Boundaries moved northwards: Harpenden U.D. and the parishes of Harpenden Rural and Redbourn were transferred in from Hemel Hempstead. The parishes of Colney Heath, London Colney and St Stephen were transferred out to form part of the new constituency of South Hertfordshire.

### 1983–1997

[edit]

* The District of St Albans wards of Ashley, Batchwood, Clarence, Colney Heath, Cunningham, Harpenden East, Harpenden North, Harpenden South, Harpenden West, Marshalswick North, Marshalswick South, Redbourn, St Peter's, Sandridge, Sopwell, and Verulam.[10]

Minor changes: Colney Heath transferred from abolished South Hertfordshire; Wheathampstead transferred to Welwyn Hatfield.

### 1997–2010

[edit]

* The District of St Albans wards of Ashley, Batchwood, Clarence, Colney Heath, Cunningham, London Colney, Marshalswick North, Marshalswick South, Park Street, St Peter's, St Stephen's, Sopwell, and Verulam; and
* The District of Three Rivers ward of Bedmond.[11]

Moved southwards again, gaining London Colney from Hertsmere, Park Street and St Stephen's from Watford and the Three Rivers District ward of Bedmond from South West Hertfordshire. Northern parts, including Harpenden, formed part of the new constituency of Hitchin and Harpenden.

### 2010–2024

[edit]

Map of boundaries 2010–2024

* The City of St Albans wards of Ashley, Batchwood, Clarence, Colney Heath, Cunningham, London Colney, Marshalswick North, Marshalswick South, Park Street, St Peter's, St Stephen, Sopwell, and Verulam; and
* The Three Rivers District ward of Bedmond and Primrose Hill.[12]

Marginal adjustments to bring the parliamentary boundaries in line with those of local government wards, which had changed since the 1995 review.[13]

### Current

[edit]

Further to the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, which came into effect for the 2024 general election, the composition of the constituency was unchanged except for the small part in the District of Three Rivers, which was transferred to South West Hertfordshire.[14]

Following a local government boundary review which came into effect in May 2022,[15][16] the constituency now comprises the following wards of the City of St Albans from the 2024 general election:

* Batchwood; Bernards Heath; Clarence; Colney Heath; Cunningham; Hill End; London Colney; Marshalswick East & Jersey Farm (majority); Marshalswick West (nearly all); Park Street; St Peters; St Stephen (nearly all); Sopwell; Verulam (nearly all).[17]

The seat is in Hertfordshire, England. Specifically, it comprises the cathedral city of St Albans and some of the surrounding countryside, mainly to the south of the city.

Neighbouring seats, clockwise from north, are: Harpenden and Berkhamsted, Welwyn Hatfield, Hertsmere, South West Hertfordshire.

## Members of Parliament

[edit]

### MPs 1553–1640

[edit]

Parliament | First member | Second member

|
|

1553 (Oct) | John Maynard | Thomas Johnson[18]
1554 (Apr) | Thomas Wendy | Oliver Starkey[18]
1554 (Nov) | John Maynard | Oliver Starkey[18]
1555 | John Astley | Robert Stepneth[18]
1558 | Henry Heydon | Francis Southwell[18]
1559 (Jan) | Christopher Smith | John Dodmer[19]
1562–3 | Robert Wroth[20] | Roger Carew[19]
1571 | William Skipwith | George Ferrers[19]
1572 (Apr) | Henry Cocke | Charles Smythe[19]
1584 | Henry Maynard | Humphrey Coningsby[19]
1586 (Oct) | Henry Maynard | Humphrey Coningsby[19]
1588 (Oct) | Henry Maynard | Humphrey Coningsby[19]
1593 | Henry Maynard | Humphrey Coningsby[19]
1597 (Oct) | Henry Maynard | Humphrey Coningsby[19]
1601 | Francis Bacon, sat for Ipswich,
replaced Nov 1601 by Henry Frowick | Adolphus Carey[19]
1604 | Sir Francis Bacon, sat for Ipswich
repl. by Tobie Matthew | Adolphus Carey
1610 | Sir Thomas Parry | Sir Henry Helmes
1614 | Sir Francis Bacon, sat for Cambridge University
repl. by Thomas Perient | Henry Finch
1620 | Sir Thomas Richardson | Robert Shute
1621 | Sir Thomas Richardson | Henry Meautys
1624 | Sir Arthur Capell | Sir John Luke
1625 | Sir Charles Morrison, 1st Baronet | Sir John Luke
1626 | Sir Charles Morrison, 1st Baronet | Sir Edward Goring
1628 | Sir John Jennings | Robert Kirkham
1629–1640 | No Parliaments summoned

### MPs 1640–1852

[edit]

Year |  | First member | First party |  | Second member | Second party

|
|
|
|
|
|

April 1640 |  | Richard Coningsby |  |  | Sir John Jennings | Parliamentarian
November 1640 |  | Edward Wingate | Parliamentarian
1642  |  | Richard Jennings | Parliamentarian
December 1648  | Wingate and Jennings excluded in Pride's Purge – both seats vacant
1653  | St Albans was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament
1654 |  | Alban Cox |  | St Albans had only one seat in the First and
Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
1656
January 1659 |  | Richard Jennings |
May 1659 | Not represented in the restored Rump
April 1660  |  | William Foxwist |  |  | Richard Jennings |
1661  |  | Thomas Arris |
1668  |  | Samuel Grimston |
February 1679  |  | Sir Thomas Blount |  |  | John Gape |
August 1679  |  | Samuel Grimston |
1685  |  | Captain George Churchill[21] |  |  | Thomas Docwra |
1689  |  | Sir Samuel Grimston |
January 1701  |  | Joshua Lomax |
March 1701  |  | John Gape |
1705  |  | Admiral Henry Killigrew |
1708  |  | John Gape |  |  | Joshua Lomax |
1710  |  | William Grimston[22] |
1713  |  | William Hale[23] |
1714  |  | John Gape |
1715  |  | William Hale |
1717  |  | Joshua Lomax |
1722 |  | William Gore |  |  | William Clayton |
1727 |  | The Viscount Grimston |  |  | Caleb Lomax |
1730 by-election  |  | Thomas Gape |
1733 by-election  |  | John Merrill |
1734 |  | Sir Thomas Aston |  |  | Thomas Ashby |
1741 |  | James West[24] |
1743 by-election  |  | Hans Stanley |
1747 |  | Sir Peter Thompson |
1754 |  | Hon. James Grimston[25] |
1761 |  | Viscount Nuneham |
1768 |  | (Sir) Richard Sutton[26] |  |  | John Radcliffe |
1780 |  | William Charles Sloper |
1783 by-election  |  | The Viscount Grimston |
1784 |  | Hon. William Grimston |
1790 |  | Hon. Richard Bingham[27] | Tory[28] |  | John Calvert |
1796 |  | Thomas Bucknall | Tory[28]
June 1800 by-election  |  | William Stephen Poyntz | Whig[28]
1802 |  | Hon. James Grimston | Tory[28]
1807 |  | Joseph Thompson Halsey | Whig[28]
1809 by-election  |  | Daniel Giles | Whig[28]
1812 |  | Christopher Smith | Tory[28]
February 1818 by-election  |  | William Tierney Robarts | Whig[28]
June 1818 |  | Lord Charles Spencer-Churchill | Tory[28]
1820 |  | Christopher Smith | Tory[28]
1821 by-election  |  | Sir Henry Wright-Wilson | Tory[28]
1826 |  | John Easthope | Whig[28]
1830 |  | Viscount Grimston | Tory[28] |  | Charles Tennant | Whig[28]
1831 |  | Sir Francis Vincent, Bt | Whig[28] |  | Richard Godson | Whig[28][29]
1832 |  | Henry George Ward | Whig[28]
1835 |  | Hon. Edward Grimston | Conservative[28]
1837 |  | George Muskett | Whig[28][30][31][32]
February 1841 by-election  |  | William Hare | Whig[28][31][32]
June 1841 |  | George Repton | Conservative[28]
1846 by-election  |  | Benjamin Bond Cabbell | Conservative
1847 |  | Alexander Raphael | Whig[33]
1850 by-election  |  | Jacob Bell | Whig[34][35][36]
1852 | Constituency disfranchised for corruption

### MPs since 1885

[edit]

Hertfordshire prior to 1885

Election  | Member[37] | Party[38][39]

|
|

| 1885 | James Grimston | Conservative
| 1892 | Vicary Gibbs | Conservative
| 1904 by-election | John Slack | Liberal
| 1906 | Sir Hildred Carlile | Conservative
| 1919 by-election | Sir Francis Fremantle | Conservative
| 1943 by-election[40] | John Grimston | Conservative
| 1945 | Cyril Dumpleton | Labour
| 1950 | John Grimston | Conservative
| 1959 | Sir Victor Goodhew | Conservative
| 1983 | Peter Lilley | Conservative
| 1997 | Kerry Pollard | Labour
| 2005 | Anne Main | Conservative
| 2019 | Daisy Cooper | Liberal Democrats

## Election results

[edit]

Election results 1900-2024

### Elections in the 2020s

[edit]

General election 2024: St Albans[41][42] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal Democrats | Daisy Cooper | 29,222  | 56.6  | +6.7
| Conservative | James Spencer  | 9,388  | 18.2  | −21.1
| Labour | Sophia Bhatti  | 5,189  | 10.1  | +1.3
| Reform UK | John Dowdle  | 4,336  | 8.4  | N/A
| Green | Simon Grover | 3,272  | 6.3  | +4.6
| Heritage | Dafydd Morriss  | 104  | 0.2  | N/A
| SDP | Stewart Satterly  | 103  | 0.2  | N/A
Majority | 19,834  | 38.4  | +27.7
Turnout | 51,614  | 71.0  | −7.0
Registered electors | 72,739  |  |
| Liberal Democrats hold | Swing | +13.8  |

### Elections in the 2010s

[edit]

2019 notional result[43]

Party  | Vote  | %
| Liberal Democrats | 27,610 | 49.9
| Conservative | 21,705 | 39.3
| Labour | 4,878 | 8.8
| Green | 950 | 1.7
| Others | 154 | 0.3
Turnout | 55,297  | 78.0
Electorate | 70,881
General election 2019: St Albans[44][45] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal Democrats | Daisy Cooper | 28,867  | 50.1  | +17.7
| Conservative | Anne Main | 22,574  | 39.2  | −3.9
| Labour | Rebecca Lury  | 5,000  | 8.7  | −14.3
| Green | Simon Grover | 1,004  | 1.7  | +0.2
| Independent | Jules Sherrington  | 154  | 0.3  | N/A
Majority | 6,293  | 10.9  | N/A
Turnout | 57,599  | 78.1  | −0.2
| Liberal Democrats gain from Conservative | Swing | +10.8  |
General election 2017: St Albans[46] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Anne Main | 24,571  | 43.1  | −3.5
| Liberal Democrats | Daisy Cooper | 18,462  | 32.4  | +13.9
| Labour | Kerry Pollard | 13,137  | 23.0  | −0.3
| Green | Jack Easton  | 828  | 1.5  | −2.2
Majority | 6,109  | 10.7  | −12.6
Turnout | 56,998  | 78.3  | +6.3
| Conservative hold | Swing | −8.7  |
General election 2015: St Albans[47][48] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Anne Main | 25,392  | 46.6  | +5.8
| Labour | Kerry Pollard | 12,660  | 23.3  | +5.7
| Liberal Democrats | Sandy Walkington  | 10,076  | 18.5  | −17.9
| UKIP | Chris Wright  | 4,271  | 7.8  | +4.0
| Green | Jack Easton  | 2,034  | 3.7  | +2.3
Majority | 12,732  | 23.3  | +18.9
Turnout | 54,433  | 72.0  | −3.4
| Conservative hold | Swing | +0.1  |
General election 2010: St Albans[49][50][51] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Anne Main | 21,533  | 40.8  |
| Liberal Democrats | Sandy Walkington  | 19,228  | 36.4  |
| Labour | Roma Mills  | 9,288  | 17.6  |
| UKIP | John Stocker  | 2,028  | 3.8  |
| Green | Jack Easton  | 758  | 1.4  |
Majority | 2,305  | 4.4  |
Turnout | 52,835  | 75.4  |
| Conservative hold | Swing |  |

* This constituency underwent boundary changes between the 2005 and 2010 general elections and thus calculation of change in vote share is not meaningful

### Elections in the 2000s

[edit]

General election 2005: St Albans[52][53] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Anne Main | 16,953  | 37.3  | +2.1
| Labour | Kerry Pollard | 15,592  | 34.3  | −11.1
| Liberal Democrats | Michael Green  | 11,561  | 25.4  | +7.5
| UKIP | Richard Evans  | 707  | 1.6  | +0.2
| St Albans Party  | Janet Girsman  | 430  | 0.9  | N/A
| Independent | Mark Reynolds  | 219  | 0.5  | N/A
Majority | 1,361  | 3.0  | N/A
Turnout | 45,462  | 70.00  | +3.7
| Conservative gain from Labour | Swing | +6.6  |
General election 2001: St Albans[54][55] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Kerry Pollard | 19,889  | 45.4  | +3.4
| Conservative | Charlie Elphicke | 15,423  | 35.2  | +2.0
| Liberal Democrats | Nick Rijke  | 7,847  | 17.9  | −3.1
| UKIP | Chris Sherwin  | 602  | 1.4  | N/A
Majority | 4,466  | 10.2  | +1.4
Turnout | 43,761  | 66.3  | −11.2
| Labour hold | Swing | +0.7  |

### Elections in the 1990s

[edit]

General election 1997: St Albans[56][57] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Kerry Pollard | 21,338  | 42.0  |
| Conservative | David Rutley | 16,879  | 33.2  |
| Liberal Democrats | Anthony Rowlands  | 10,692  | 21.0  |
| Referendum | Jim Warrilow  | 1,619  | 3.2  |
| Rainbow Dream Ticket | Sari Craigen  | 166  | 0.3  |
| Natural Law | Ian Docker  | 111  | 0.2  |
Majority | 4,459  | 8.8  |
Turnout | 50,805  | 77.5  |
| Labour gain from Conservative | Swing |  |

* This constituency underwent boundary changes between the 1992 and 1997 general elections and thus calculation of change in vote share is not meaningful

General election 1992: St Albans[58][59] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Peter Lilley | 32,709  | 52.8  | +0.3
| Liberal Democrats | Monica Howes  | 16,305  | 26.3  | −8.2
| Labour | Kerry Pollard | 12,016  | 19.4  | +7.9
| Green | Craig Simmons  | 734  | 1.2  | −0.1
| Natural Law | David Lucas  | 161  | 0.3  | N/A
Majority | 16,404  | 26.5  | +8.5
Turnout | 61,925  | 83.5  | +3.3
| Conservative hold | Swing | −4.3  |

### Elections in the 1980s

[edit]

General election 1987: St Albans[60][61] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Peter Lilley | 31,726  | 52.5  | +0.4
| Liberal | Alexander Walkington  | 20,845  | 34.5  | −2.5
| Labour Co-op | Tony McWalter | 6,922  | 11.5  | +0.6
| Green | Elaine Field  | 788  | 1.3  | N/A
| CPRP  | William Pass  | 110  | 0.2  | N/A
Majority | 10,881  | 18.0  | +2.9
Turnout | 60,391  | 80.2  | +1.9
| Conservative hold | Swing | +1.5  |
General election 1983: St Albans[62][63] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Peter Lilley | 29,676  | 52.1  |
| Liberal | Alexander Walkington  | 21,115  | 37.0  |
| Labour | Rita Austin  | 6,213  | 10.9  |
Majority | 8,561  | 15.1  |
Turnout | 57,004  | 78.3  |
| Conservative hold | Swing |  |

* This constituency underwent boundary changes between the 1979 and 1983 general elections and thus calculation of change in vote share is not meaningful

### Elections in the 1970s

[edit]

General election 1979: St Albans[64][65] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Victor Goodhew | 31,301  | 53.1  | +8.1
| Liberal | David Picton  | 14,057  | 23.8  | −3.1
| Labour Co-op | Ronald Greaves  | 13,638  | 23.1  | −5.1
Majority | 17,244  | 29.3  | +12.5
Turnout | 58,996  | 80.4  | +2.4
| Conservative hold | Swing | +5.6  |
General election October 1974: St Albans[65][66] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Victor Goodhew | 24,436  | 45.0  | −0.2
| Labour | Edwin Hudson  | 15,301  | 28.2  | +4.1
| Liberal | Charles Anthony Shaw  | 14,614  | 26.9  | −3.8
Majority | 9,135  | 16.8  | +2.3
Turnout | 54,351  | 78.0  | −6.6
| Conservative hold | Swing | −2.15  |
General election February 1974: St Albans[65][67] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Victor Goodhew | 26,345  | 45.2  |
| Liberal | Charles Anthony Shaw  | 17,924  | 30.7  |
| Labour | Daniel Lipman Bernstein  | 14,077  | 24.1  |
Majority | 8,421  | 14.5  |
Turnout | 58,356  | 84.6  |
| Conservative hold | Swing |  |

* This constituency underwent boundary changes between the 1970 and February 1974 general elections and thus calculation of change in vote share is not meaningful.

General election 1970: St Albans [68] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Victor Goodhew | 24,503  | 51.5  | +3.8
| Labour | Christopher Beaumont  | 16,629  | 35.0  | −6.6
| Liberal | Charles Shaw  | 6,439  | 13.5  | +2.8
Majority | 7,874  | 16.5  | +10.4
Turnout | 47,571  | 76.2  | −6.8
| Conservative hold | Swing | +5.3  |

### Elections in the 1960s

[edit]

General election 1966: St Albans [69] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Victor Goodhew | 22,260  | 47.7  | −0.3
| Labour | Keith Kyle | 19,428  | 41.6  | +5.3
| Liberal | Julian J Wates  | 4,977  | 10.7  | −5.0
Majority | 2,832  | 6.1  | −5.6
Turnout | 46,665  | 83.0  | +0.4
| Conservative hold | Swing | −2.8  |
General election 1964: St Albans [70] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Victor Goodhew | 22,063  | 48.0  | −4.9
| Labour | Bruce Douglas-Mann | 16,672  | 36.3  | +2.8
| Liberal | William Glanville Brown  | 7,231  | 15.7  | +2.1
Majority | 5,391  | 11.7  | −7.7
Turnout | 45,966  | 82.6  | −0.2
| Conservative hold | Swing | −3.9  |

### Elections in the 1950s

[edit]

General election 1959: St Albans [71] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Victor Goodhew | 23,157  | 52.9  | −4.6
| Labour | Lawrence William Carroll  | 14,650  | 33.5  | −9.0
| Liberal | WA Newton Jones  | 5,948  | 13.6  | N/A
Majority | 8,507  | 19.4  | +4.4
Turnout | 52,823  | 82.8  | +3.5
| Conservative hold | Swing | +2.2  |
General election 1955: St Albans [72] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | John Grimston | 21,828  | 57.5  |
| Labour | Renée Short | 16,107  | 42.5  |
Majority | 5,721  | 15.0  |
Turnout | 37,935  | 79.3  |
| Conservative hold | Swing |  |

* This constituency underwent boundary changes between the 1951 and 1955 general elections and thus calculation of change in vote share is not meaningful

General election 1951: St Albans[73] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | John Grimston | 28,602  | 54.5  | +7.3
| Labour | John McKnight  | 23,911  | 45.5  | +2.8
Majority | 4,691  | 9.0  | +4.5
Turnout | 52,513  | 84.1  | −0.9
| Conservative hold | Swing | +2.2  |
General election 1950: St Albans [74] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | John Grimston | 24,733  | 47.2  |
| Labour | Cyril Dumpleton | 22,351  | 42.7  |
| Liberal | Deryck Abel | 5,280  | 10.1  |
Majority | 2,382  | 4.5  |
Turnout | 52,464  | 85.0  |
| Conservative gain from Labour | Swing |  |

* This constituency underwent boundary changes between the 1945 and 1950 general elections and thus calculation of change in vote share is not meaningful

### Elections in the 1940s

[edit]

General election 1945: St Albans  Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Cyril Dumpleton | 24,241  | 46.5  |
| Conservative | John Grimston | 22,362  | 42.8  |
| Liberal | Enid Lakeman | 5,601  | 10.7  |
Majority | 1,879  | 3.7  |
Turnout | 50,384  | 72.6  |
| Labour gain from Conservative | Swing |  |

* This constituency underwent boundary changes between the 1935 and 1945 general elections and thus calculation of change in vote share is not meaningful

1943 St Albans by-election[39] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | John Grimston | Unopposed
| Conservative hold

### Elections in the 1930s

[edit]

General election 1935: St Albans[39] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Francis Fremantle | 33,743  | 67.5  | −10.6
| Labour | Hugh Franklin | 16,233  | 35.5  | +13.6
Majority | 17,510  | 35.0  | −21.2
Turnout | 49,976  | 62.6  | −9.3
| Conservative hold | Swing | −10.6  |
General election 1931: St Albans[39] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Francis Fremantle | 36,690  | 78.1  | +30.0
| Labour | Monica Whately | 10,289  | 21.9  | −5.7
Majority | 26,401  | 56.2  | +35.7
Turnout | 46,979  | 71.9  | −0.7
| Conservative hold | Swing | +17.8  |

### Elections in the 1920s

[edit]

General election 1929: St Albans[39] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Unionist | Francis Fremantle | 20,436  | 48.1  | −19.4
| Labour | Monica Whately | 11,699  | 27.6  | −4.9
| Liberal | George Gordon Honeyman  | 10,299  | 24.3  | N/A
Majority | 8,737  | 20.5  | −14.5
Turnout | 41,434  | 72.6  | +2.3
| Unionist hold | Swing | −7.25  |
General election 1924: St Albans[39] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Unionist | Francis Fremantle | 18,004  | 67.5  | +19.8
| Labour | Frank Herbert  | 8,862  | 32.5  | +6.0
Majority | 9,322  | 35.0  | +13.8
Turnout | 26,864  | 70.3  | +1.5
| Unionist hold | Swing | +6.9  |
General election 1923: St Albans[39] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Unionist | Francis Fremantle | 11,968  | 47.7  | −10.1
| Labour | Christopher Thomson | 6,640  | 26.5  | −15.7
| Liberal | Harry Krauss Nield  | 6,469  | 25.8  | N/A
Majority | 5,328  | 21.2  | +5.6
Turnout | 25,077  | 68.8  | −2.3
| Unionist hold | Swing | +2.8  |
General election 1922: St Albans[39] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Unionist | Francis Fremantle | 14,594  | 57.8  | +12.0
| Labour | John W. Brown | 10,662  | 42.2  | −0.2
Majority | 3,932  | 15.6  | +12.2
Turnout | 25,256  | 71.1  | +8.3
| Unionist hold | Swing | +6.1  |
Fremantle

### Elections in the 1910s

[edit]

1919 St Albans by-election[39][75] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

C | Unionist | Francis Fremantle | 9,621 | 45.8 | N/A
| Labour | John W. Brown | 8,908  | 42.4  | N/A
| Liberal | Milner Gray | 2,474  | 11.8  | N/A
Majority | 713  | 3.4  | N/A
Turnout | 21,003  | 62.8  | N/A
| Unionist hold | Swing | N/A |
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.
General election 1918: St Albans[39] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

C | Unionist | Hildred Carlile | Unopposed
| Unionist hold
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.
Phillimore General election, December 1910: St Albans[38] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Hildred Carlile | 6,899  | 59.1  | +1.0
| Liberal | Robert Charles Phillimore | 4,777  | 40.9  | −1.0
Majority | 2,122  | 18.2  | +2.0
Turnout | 11,676  | 83.8  | −6.6
| Conservative hold | Swing | +1.0  |
General election, January 1910: St Albans[38] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Hildred Carlile | 7,323  | 58.1  | +5.6
| Liberal | Henry Roscoe Beddoes  | 5,271  | 41.9  | −5.6
Majority | 2,052  | 16.2  | +11.2
Turnout | 12,594  | 90.4  | +10.1
| Conservative hold | Swing | +5.6  |

### Elections in the 1900s

[edit]

General election 1906: St Albans[38] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Hildred Carlile | 5,856  | 52.5  | N/A
| Liberal | John Bamford Slack | 5,304  | 47.5  | N/A
Majority | 552  | 5.0  | N/A
Turnout | 11,160  | 89.3  | N/A
Registered electors | 12,497  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | N/A |
Slack 1904 St Albans by-election[38] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | John Bamford Slack | 4,757  | 50.7  | N/A
| Conservative | Vicary Gibbs | 4,635  | 49.3  | N/A
Majority | 132  | 1.4  | N/A
Turnout | 9,382  | 81.5  | N/A
Registered electors | 11,518  |  |
| Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing | N/A |
General election 1900: St Albans[38] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Vicary Gibbs | Unopposed
| Conservative hold

### Elections in the 1890s

[edit]

General election 1895: St Albans[38] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Vicary Gibbs | Unopposed
| Conservative hold
Gibbs General election 1892: St Albans[38] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Vicary Gibbs | 3,417  | 45.1  | N/A
| Liberal | Thomas Morgan Harvey[76] | 2,573  | 34.0  | N/A
| Ind. Conservative | William Henry Bingham-Cox  | 1,580  | 20.9  | N/A
Majority | 844  | 11.1  | N/A
Turnout | 7,570  | 78.3  | N/A
Registered electors | 9,672  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | N/A |

### Elections in the 1880s

[edit]

General election 1886: St Albans[38] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | James Grimston | Unopposed
| Conservative hold
General election 1885: St Albans[38] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | James Grimston | 4,108  | 57.5  |
| Liberal | John Coles | 3,037  | 42.5  |
Majority | 1,071  | 15.0  |
Turnout | 7,145  | 81.7  |
Registered electors | 8,741  |  |
| Conservative win (new seat)

### Elections in the 1850s

[edit]

On 3 May 1852, the borough was disenfranchised after a Royal Commission found proof of extensive bribery. The electorate was incorporated into Hertfordshire.[77]

By-election, 24 December 1850: St Albans[77] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Jacob Bell | 276  | 65.2  | −5.0
| Conservative | Robert Carden | 147  | 34.8  | +5.0
Majority | 129  | 30.4  | +28.4
Turnout | 423  | 87.6  | +0.5
Registered electors | 483  |  |
| Whig hold | Swing | −5.0  |

* Caused by Raphael's death

### Elections in the 1840s

[edit]

General election 1847: St Albans[77][78] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Alexander Raphael | 295  | 31.8  | +4.6
| Conservative | George Repton | 276  | 29.8  | −27.1
| Whig | John Wilks | 230  | 24.8  | +9.0
| Whig | Frederick Craven[79] | 126  | 13.6  | N/A
Turnout | 464 (est)  | 87.1 (est)  | −3.5
Registered electors | 532  |  |
Majority | 19  | 2.0  | +1.3
| Whig hold | Swing | +9.1  |
Majority | 46  | 5.0  | +1.8
| Conservative hold | Swing | −27.1  |
By-election, 11 August 1846: St Albans[77] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Benjamin Bond Cabbell | 264  | 63.9  | −7.0
| Whig | William Hare | 149  | 36.1  | +6.9
Majority | 115  | 27.8  | N/A
Turnout | 413  | 76.3  | −14.3
Registered electors | 541  |  |
| Conservative gain from Whig | Swing | −7.0  |

* Caused by Hare's appointment as a Lord-in-Waiting to Queen Victoria

General election 1841: St Albans[28][77] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | George Repton | 288  | 30.4  | −8.5
| Whig | William Hare | 258  | 27.2  | +8.5
| Conservative | Henry Thomas Worley  | 251  | 26.5  | +2.9
| Whig | George Alfred Muskett  | 150  | 15.8  | −2.9
Turnout | 482  | 90.6  | −3.7
Registered electors | 532  |  |
Majority | 30  | 3.2  | +1.7
| Conservative hold | Swing | −5.7  |
Majority | 7  | 0.7  | −13.1
| Whig hold | Swing | +5.7  |
By-election, 9 February 1841: St Albans[28][77] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | William Hare | 252  | 55.1  | +17.7
| Conservative | Benjamin Bond Cabbell | 205  | 44.9  | −17.6
Majority | 47  | 10.2  | N/A
Turnout | 457  | 85.9  | −8.4
Registered electors | 532  |  |
| Whig gain from Conservative | Swing | +17.7  |

* Caused by Grimston's resignation by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds

### Elections in the 1830s

[edit]

General election 1837: St Albans[28][77] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Edward Grimston⋅  | 361  | 38.9  | −2.1
| Whig | George Alfred Muskett  | 347  | 37.4  | +5.2
| Conservative | Benjamin Bond Cabbell | 219  | 23.6  | −3.2
Turnout | 561  | 94.3  | c. +13.1
Registered electors | 595  |  |
Majority | 14  | 1.5  | −7.3
| Conservative hold | Swing | −2.4  |
Majority | 128  | 13.8  | +8.4
| Whig hold | Swing | +5.3  |
General election 1835: St Albans[28][77] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Edward Grimston⋅  | 362  | 41.0  | +25.5
| Whig | Henry George Ward | 284  | 32.2  | −36.7
| Conservative | William Horsley Beresford[80] | 237  | 26.8  | +11.3
Turnout | c. 442 | c. 81.2 | c. −15.8
Registered electors | 544  |  |
Majority | 78  | 8.8  | N/A
| Conservative gain from Whig | Swing | +22.0  |
Majority | 47  | 5.4  | +2.9
| Whig hold | Swing | −36.8  |
General election 1832: St Albans[28][77] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Francis Vincent | 392  | 35.3  | −2.2
| Whig | Henry George Ward | 373  | 33.6  | −2.5
| Tory | William Turner  | 345  | 31.1  | +4.7
Majority | 28  | 2.5  | −7.2
Turnout | 637  | 97.0  | c. +9.5
Registered electors | 657  |  |
| Whig hold | Swing | −2.3  |
| Whig hold | Swing | −2.4  |
General election 1831: St Albans[28][81] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Francis Vincent | 421  | 37.5  | +8.9
| Whig | Richard Godson | 406  | 36.1  | +10.3
| Tory | James Grimston | 297  | 26.4  | −19.2
Majority | 109  | 9.7  | +6.9
Turnout | 656  | c. 87.5 | c. +4.4
Registered electors | c. 750 |  |
| Whig hold | Swing | +9.3  |
| Whig gain from Tory | Swing | +10.0  |
General election 1830: St Albans[28][81] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Tory | James Grimston | 495  | 45.6
| Whig | Charles Tennant | 311  | 28.6
| Whig | Henry Gally Knight | 280  | 25.8
Turnout | 623  | c. 83.1
Registered electors | c. 750 |
Majority  | 184  | 17.0
| Tory hold
Majority  | 31  | 2.8
| Whig hold

## See also

[edit]

* List of parliamentary constituencies in Hertfordshire
* List of parliamentary constituencies in the East of England (region)

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer).
2. ^ As with all constituencies, its registered electors elect one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "The 2023 Review of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries in England – Volume two: Constituency names, designations and composition – Eastern". Boundary Commission for England. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
2. ^ Electoral Calculus https://www.electoralcalculus.co.uk/fcgi-bin/calcwork23.py?seat=Reigate
3. ^ Reform Act 1867
4. ^ Belger, Tom (8 December 2023). "Labour selections: Full list of 211 'non-battleground' seats now open to applications". labourlist.org. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
5. ^ Great Britain, Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales. The public general acts. unknown library. Proprietors of the Law Journal Reports, 1884.
6. ^ Fraser, Hugh (1918). The Representation of the people act, 1918 : with explanatory notes. University of California Libraries. London : Sweet and Maxwell.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
7. ^ "H of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Order, 1945 | Vote UK Forum". vote-2012.proboards.com. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
8. ^ "Representation of the People Act, 1948". www.legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
9. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1970". www.legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
10. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1983". www.legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
11. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1995". www.legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
12. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 2007 (S.I. 2007/1681)". legislation.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
13. ^ "Fifth Periodical Report, Volume 1" (PDF). Boundary Commission for England. 2007. p. 335. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
14. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023". Schedule I Part 2 Eastern region.
15. ^ LGBCE. "St Albans | LGBCE". www.lgbce.org.uk. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
16. ^ "The St Albans (Electoral Changes) Order 2021".
17. ^ "New Seat Details – St Albans". www.electoralcalculus.co.uk. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
18. ^ a b c d e "History of Parliament". Retrieved 2 October 2011.
19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "History of Parliament". Retrieved 2 October 2011.
20. ^ "Wroth, Robert" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
21. ^ Admiral from 1702
22. ^ Created The Viscount Grimston (in the Peerage of Ireland), November 1719
23. ^ On petition (in a dispute over the franchise), Hale was found not to have been duly elected
24. ^ Pages 118 to 120,Lewis Namier, The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III (2nd edition – London: St Martin's Press, 1957)
25. ^ The 2nd Viscount Grimston (in the Peerage of Ireland) from October 1756
26. ^ Richard Sutton was created a baronet, 1772
27. ^ Styled Lord Bingham from October 1795, when his father was raised to an Earldom
28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844–1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 147–149. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
29. ^ Stooks Smith, Henry (1845). The Parliaments of England, from 1st George I., to the Present Time. Vol II: Oxfordshire to Wales Inclusive. London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. p. 133. Retrieved 30 November 2018 – via Google Books.
30. ^ Mosse, Richard Bartholomew (1838). The Parliamentary Guide: a concise history of the Members of both Houses, etc. p. 197. Retrieved 30 November 2018 – via Google Books.
31. ^ a b "Elections Decided". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 10 July 1841. p. 6. Retrieved 30 November 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
32. ^ a b "Newry Telegraph". 3 July 1841. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
33. ^ Kennedy, David (30 January 2018). "From Madras to Surbiton. Alexander Raphael, Unbeaton Champion, 1775–1850". Kingston History Research. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
34. ^ "St Albans". Newcastle Courant. 27 December 1850. p. 3. Retrieved 12 May 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
35. ^ "Summary". Liverpool Mercury. 27 December 1850. p. 8. Retrieved 12 May 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
36. ^ "St. Alban's Election". Northern Star and Leeds General Advertiser. 28 December 1850. p. 17. Retrieved 12 May 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
37. ^ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "S" (part 1)
38. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Craig, F. W. S. (1989) [1974]. British parliamentary election results 1885–1918 (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 297\. ISBN 0-900178-27-2.
39. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Craig, F. W. S. (1983) [1969]. British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3rd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 375\. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.
40. ^ New M.P. For St. Albans, The Times, October 06, 1943
41. ^ "Statement of persons nominated – St Albans" (PDF). St Albans City and District Council. 7 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
42. ^ "St Albans parliamentary constituency – Election 2024". BBC News.
43. ^ "Notional results for a UK general election on 12 December 2019". Rallings & Thrasher, Professor David Denver (Scotland), Nicholas Whyte (NI) for Sky News, PA, BBC News and ITV News. UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
44. ^ "Statement of Persons Nominated (St Albans Constituency)" (PDF). stalbans.gov.uk. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
45. ^ "St Albans parliamentary constituency – Election 2019" – via www.bbc.co.uk.
46. ^ "2017 Parliamentary Election Results". St Albans City and District Council. 16 June 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
47. ^ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
48. ^ "2015 Parliamentary Election Results". St Albans City and District Council. 8 May 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
49. ^ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
50. ^ "City & District of St Albans – Statement of persons nominated" (PDF).
51. ^ "UK General Election results May 2010". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
52. ^ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
53. ^ "UK General Election results May 2005". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
54. ^ "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
55. ^ "General Election result, June 2001". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
56. ^ "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
57. ^ "General Election result, May 1997". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
58. ^ "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
59. ^ "UK General Election results April 1992". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
60. ^ "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
61. ^ "UK General Election results 1987". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
62. ^ "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
63. ^ "UK General Election results June 1983". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
64. ^ "UK General Election results May 1979". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
65. ^ a b c "'St Albans', Feb 1974 – May 1983". ElectionWeb Project. Cognitive Computing Limited. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
66. ^ "UK General Election results October 1974". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
67. ^ "UK General Election results February 1974". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
68. ^ "UK General Election results June 1970". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
69. ^ "UK General Election results March 1966". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
70. ^ "UK General Election results October 1964". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
71. ^ "UK General Election results October 1959". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
72. ^ "UK General Election results May 1955". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
73. ^ "UK General Election results October 1951". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
74. ^ "UK General Election results February 1950". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
75. ^ Large Labour Vote At St. Albans, Seat Held By Coalition, The Times, Wednesday 24 December 1919, page 10
76. ^ Moore, Julie Patricia (September 2010). The Impact of Agricultural Depression and Land Ownership Change on the County of Hertfordshire, c.1870–1914 (PDF) (PhD). University of Hertfordshire. p. 214.
77. ^ a b c d e f g h i Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. p. 261\. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
78. ^ "Wilks and Independence". Hertford Mercury and Reformer. 24 July 1847. p. 1. Retrieved 30 November 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
79. ^ "St Albans". Bedfordshire Mercury. 31 July 1847. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
80. ^ "Page 1". Bucks Herald. 3 January 1835. Retrieved 24 April 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
81. ^ a b Fisher, David R. "St. Albans". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 24 April 2020.

## Sources

[edit]

* Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807) [1]
* D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
* Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) [2]
* F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885 (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
* Henry Stooks Smith, The Parliaments of England from 1715 to 1847 (2nd edition, edited by FWS Craig – Chichester: Parliamentary Reference Publications, 1973)
* Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "S" (part 1)

## External links

[edit]

* 2005 voting statistics from the BBC
* 2001 and 1997 voting statistics from the BBC
* OBV
* Coverage from[dead link] The Times
* St Albans UK Parliament constituency (boundaries April 1997 – April 2010) at MapIt UK
* St Albans UK Parliament constituency (boundaries April 2010 – May 2024) at MapIt UK
* St Albans UK Parliament constituency (boundaries from June 2024) at MapIt UK

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Constituencies in the East of England (61)

Labour (26)|

* Bedford
* Bury St Edmunds and Stowmarket
* Cambridge
* Colchester
* Dunstable and Leighton Buzzard
* Harlow
* Hemel Hempstead
* Hertford and Stortford
* Hitchin
* Ipswich
* Lowestoft
* Luton North
* Luton South and South Bedfordshire
* North West Cambridgeshire
* Norwich North
* Norwich South
* Peterborough
* South Norfolk
* South West Norfolk
* Southend East and Rochford
* Southend West and Leigh
* Stevenage
* Suffolk Coastal
* Thurrock
* Watford
* Welwyn Hatfield

Conservative (22)|

* Basildon and Billericay
* Braintree
* Brentwood and Ongar
* Broadland and Fakenham
* Broxbourne
* Castle Point
* Epping Forest
* Harwich and North Essex
* Hertsmere
* Huntingdon
* Maldon
* Mid Bedfordshire
* Mid Norfolk
* North Bedfordshire
* North East Cambridgeshire
* North West Essex
* North West Norfolk
* Rayleigh and Wickford
* South Suffolk
* South West Hertfordshire
* West Suffolk
* Witham

Liberal Democrats (7)|

* Chelmsford
* Ely and East Cambridgeshire
* Harpenden and Berkhamsted
* North Norfolk
* St Albans
* St Neots and Mid Cambridgeshire
* South Cambridgeshire

Reform UK (1)|

* Clacton

Green Party (1)|

* Waveney Valley

Independent (4)|

* Central Suffolk and North Ipswich
* Great Yarmouth
* North East Hertfordshire
* South Basildon and East Thurrock

Authority control databases: People |

* UK Parliament

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