Stan Lee

American comic book writer (1922–2018)

This article is about the comics creator. For other people with the same name, see Stan Lee (disambiguation).

Stan Lee

Lee at the 2014 Phoenix Comicon

Born| Stanley Martin Lieber
(1922-12-28)December 28, 1922
New York City, U.S.
Died| November 12, 2018(2018-11-12) (aged 95)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Area(s)|

* Comic book writer
* editor
* publisher
* producer

Collaborators|

* Jack Kirby
* Steve Ditko
* John Romita Sr.
* Don Heck
* Bill Everett
* Joe Maneely
* Dick Ayers
* Joe Simon

Awards|

* Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame
* Jack Kirby Hall of Fame
* National Medal of Arts
* Disney Legends

Spouse(s)|

Joan Boocock

(m. 1947; died 2017)​

Children| Joan Celia Lee
Jan Lee
Signature
Military career
Branch| United States Army
Years of service| 1942–1945
Rank| Sergeant (Sgt.)
Unit| 1st Motion Picture Unit, Signal Corps
Battles / wars| World War II
therealstanlee.com

Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber[1] /ˈliːbər/; December 28, 1922 – November 12, 2018) was an American comic book writer, editor, publisher, and producer. He rose through the ranks of a family-run business called Timely Comics which later became Marvel Comics. He was Marvel's primary creative leader for two decades, expanding it from a small publishing house division to a multimedia corporation that dominated the comics and film industries.

In collaboration with others at Marvel - particularly co-writers and artists Jack Kirby and Steve Ditko - he co-created iconic characters, including Spider-Man, the X-Men, Iron Man, Thor, the Hulk, Ant-Man, the Wasp, the Fantastic Four, Black Panther, Daredevil, Doctor Strange, the Scarlet Witch, and Black Widow. These and other characters' introductions in the 1960s pioneered a more naturalistic approach in superhero comics. In the 1970s, Lee challenged the restrictions of the Comics Code Authority, indirectly leading to changes in its policies. In the 1980s, he pursued the development of Marvel properties in other media, with mixed results.

Following his retirement from Marvel in the 1990s, Lee remained a public figurehead for the company. He frequently made cameo appearances in films and television shows based on Marvel properties, on which he received an executive producer credit, which allowed him to become the person with the highest-grossing film total ever.[2] He continued independent creative ventures until his death, aged 95, in 2018. Lee was inducted into the comic book industry's Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame in 1994 and the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1995. He received the NEA's National Medal of Arts in 2008.

## Early life and education

[edit]

Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber on December 28, 1922, in Manhattan,[3] in the apartment of his Romanian-born Jewish immigrant parents, Celia (née Solomon) and Jack Lieber, at the corner of West 98th Street and West End Avenue.[4][5] Lee was raised in a Jewish household. In a 2002 interview, he stated when asked if he believed in God, "Well, let me put it this way... [Pauses.] No, I'm not going to try to be clever. I really don't know. I just don't know."[6] In another interview from 2011, when asked about his Romanian origins and his relationship with the country, he said that he had never visited it and that he did not know Romanian because his parents never taught it to him.[7]

Lee's father, trained as a dress cutter, worked only sporadically after the Great Depression.[4] The family moved further uptown to Fort Washington Avenue,[8] in Washington Heights, Manhattan. Lee had one younger brother named Larry Lieber.[9] He said in 2006 that as a child he was influenced by books and movies, particularly those with Errol Flynn playing heroic roles.[10] Reading The Scarlet Pimpernel, he called the title character "the first superhero I had read about, the first character who could be called a superhero."[11] By the time Lee was in his teens, the family was living in an apartment at 1720 University Avenue in The Bronx. Lee described it as "a third-floor apartment facing out back". Lee and his brother shared the bedroom, while their parents slept on a foldout couch.[9]

Lee attended DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx.[12] In his youth, Lee enjoyed writing, and entertained dreams of writing the "Great American Novel" one day.[13] He said that in his youth he worked such part-time jobs as writing obituaries for a news service and press releases for the National Tuberculosis Center;[14] delivering sandwiches for the Jack May pharmacy to offices in Rockefeller Center; working as an office boy for a trouser manufacturer; ushering at the Rivoli Theater on Broadway;[15] and selling subscriptions to the New York Herald Tribune newspaper.[16] At fifteen, Lee entered a high school essay competition sponsored by the New York Herald Tribune, called "The Biggest News of the Week Contest." Lee claimed to have won the prize for three straight weeks, goading the newspaper to write him and ask him to let someone else win. The paper suggested he look into writing professionally, which Lee claimed "probably changed my life." However, Lee's story is apocryphal, and so is his story of a life-changing plea from the editor, because the likelier story is that Lee won a seventh-place prize of $2.50 and two honorable mention awards.[17] He graduated from high school early, aged sixteen and a half,[why?][how?] in 1939 and joined the WPA Federal Theatre Project.[18]

## Publishing career

[edit]

### Early career

[edit]

With the help of his uncle Robbie Solomon,[19] Lee became an assistant in 1939 at the new Timely Comics division belonging to pulp magazine and comic-book publisher Martin Goodman. Timely, by the 1960s, would evolve into Marvel Comics. Lee, whose cousin Jean[20] was Goodman's wife, was formally hired by Timely editor Joe Simon.[n 1]

His duties were prosaic at first. "In those days [the artists] dipped the pen in ink, [so] I had to make sure the inkwells were filled", Lee recalled in 2009. "I went down and got them their lunch, I did proofreading, I erased the pencils from the finished pages for them".[22] Marshaling his childhood ambition to be a writer, young Stanley Lieber made his comic-book debut with the text filler "Captain America Foils the Traitor's Revenge" in Captain America Comics #3 (cover-dated May 1941), using the pseudonym Stan Lee (a play on his first name, "Stanley"),[23] which years later he would adopt as his legal name.[24] Lee later explained in his autobiography and numerous other sources that because of the low social status of comic books, he was so embarrassed that he used a pen name so nobody would associate his real name with comics when he wrote the Great American Novel one day.[25] This initial story also introduced Captain America's trademark ricocheting shield-toss.[26]: 11 It would be adapted into a sequential art story in 2014 by Lee and Bruce Timm in Marvel's 75th Anniversary Celebration.[27]

Lee graduated from writing filler to actual comics with a backup feature, "'Headline' Hunter, Foreign Correspondent", two issues later, using the pseudonym "Reel Nats".[28] His first superhero co-creation was the Destroyer, in Mystic Comics #6 (August 1941). Other characters he co-created during this period, called the Golden Age of Comic Books, include Jack Frost, debuting in U.S.A. Comics #1 (August 1941), and Father Time, debuting in Captain America Comics #6 (August 1941).[26]: 12–13

When Simon and his creative partner Jack Kirby left in late 1941 following a dispute with Goodman, the 30-year-old publisher installed Lee, just under 19 years old, as interim editor.[26]: 14 [29] The youngster showed a knack for the business that led him to remain as the comic-book division's editor-in-chief, as well as art director for much of that time, until 1972, when he would succeed Goodman as publisher.[30][31]

Lee in the Army, early 1940s

Lee entered the U.S. Army in early 1942 and served within the U.S. as a member of the Signal Corps, repairing telegraph poles and other communications equipment.[32] He was later transferred to the Training Film Division, where he worked writing manuals, training films, slogans, and occasionally cartooning.[33] His military classification, he said, was "playwright"; he added that only nine men in the U.S. Army were given that title.[34] In the Army, Lee's division included many famous or soon-to-be famous people, including three-time Academy Award-winning director Frank Capra, New Yorker cartoonist Charles Addams, and children's book writer and illustrator Theodor Geisel, later known to the world as "Dr. Seuss."[35]

Vincent Fago, editor of Timely's "animation comics" section, which put out humor and talking animal comics, filled in until Lee returned from his World War II military service in 1945. Lee was inducted into the Signal Corps Regimental Association and was given honorary membership of the 2nd Battalion of 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment out of Joint Base Lewis-McChord at the 2017 Emerald City Comic Con for his prior service.[36]

While in the Army, Lee received letters every week on Friday from the editors at Timely, detailing what they needed written and by when. Lee would write stories, then send them back on Monday. One week, the mail clerk overlooked his letter, explaining that nothing was in Lee's mailbox. The next day, Lee went by the closed mailroom and saw an envelope with the return address of Timely Comics in his mailbox. Not willing to miss a deadline, Lee asked the officer in charge to open the mailroom, but the latter refused. So Lee took a screwdriver and unscrewed the mailbox hinges, retrieving the envelope containing his assignment. The mailroom officer saw what he did and turned him into the base captain, who did not like Lee. He faced tampering charges and could have been sent to Leavenworth Prison. The colonel in charge of the Finance Department intervened and saved Lee from disciplinary action.[37]

In the mid-1950s, by which time the company was now generally known as Atlas Comics, Lee wrote stories in a variety of genres including romance, Westerns, humor, science fiction, medieval adventure, horror and suspense. In the 1950s, Lee teamed up with his comic book colleague Dan DeCarlo to produce the syndicated newspaper strip My Friend Irma, based on the radio comedy starring Marie Wilson.[38] By the end of the decade, Lee had become dissatisfied with his career and considered quitting the field.[39][40]

### Marvel Comics

[edit]

#### Marvel revolution

[edit]

In 1956, DC Comics editor Julius Schwartz revived the superhero archetype and experienced significant success with an updated version of the Flash, and later in 1960 with the Justice League of America super-team. In response, publisher Martin Goodman assigned Lee to come up with a new superhero team. Lee's wife suggested that he experiment with stories he preferred, since he was planning on changing careers and had nothing to lose.[41]

Lee acted on the advice, giving his superheroes a flawed humanity, a change from the ideal archetypes typically written for preteens. Before this, most superheroes had been idealistically perfect people with no serious, lasting problems.[42] Lee introduced complex, naturalistic characters[43] who could have bad tempers, fits of melancholy, and vanity; they bickered amongst themselves, worried about paying their bills and impressing girlfriends, got bored or sometimes even physically ill.

The first superheroes Lee and artist Jack Kirby created together were the Fantastic Four in 1961. The team's immediate popularity[44] led Lee and Marvel's illustrators to produce a cavalcade of new titles. Again working with Kirby, Lee co-created the Hulk,[45] Thor,[46] Iron Man,[47] and the X-Men;[48] with Bill Everett, Daredevil;[49] and with Steve Ditko, Doctor Strange[50] and Marvel's most successful character, Spider-Man,[51] all of whom lived in a thoroughly shared universe.[52] Lee and Kirby gathered several of their newly created characters together into the team title The Avengers[53] and would revive characters from the 1940s such as the Sub-Mariner[54] and Captain America.[55] Years later, Kirby and Lee would contest who deserved credit for creating The Fantastic Four.[56]

Comics historian Peter Sanderson wrote that in the 1960s:

> DC was the equivalent of the big Hollywood studios: After the brilliance of DC's reinvention of the superhero ... in the late 1950s and early 1960s, it had run into a creative drought by the decade's end. There was a new audience for comics now, and it wasn't just the little kids that traditionally had read the books. The Marvel of the 1960s was in its own way the counterpart of the French New Wave... Marvel was pioneering new methods of comics storytelling and characterization, addressing more serious themes, and in the process keeping and attracting readers in their teens and beyond. Moreover, among this new generation of readers were people who wanted to write or draw comics themselves, within the new style that Marvel had pioneered, and push the creative envelope still further.[57]

Lee's revolution extended beyond the characters and storylines to the way in which comic books engaged the readership and built a sense of community between fans and creators.[58] He introduced the practice of regularly including a credit panel on the splash page of each story, naming not just the writer and penciller but also the inker and letterer. Regular news about Marvel staff members and upcoming storylines was presented on the Bullpen Bulletins page, which (like the letter columns that appeared in each title) was written in a friendly, chatty style. Lee remarked that his goal was for fans to think of the comics creators as friends, and considered it a mark of his success on this front that, at a time when letters to other comics publishers were typically addressed "Dear Editor", letters to Marvel addressed the creators by first name (e.g., "Dear Stan and Jack"). Lee recorded messages to the newly formed Merry Marvel Marching Society fan club in 1965.[59] By 1967, the brand was well-enough ensconced in popular culture that a March 3 WBAI radio program with Lee and Kirby as guests was titled "Will Success Spoil Spiderman [sic]".[60]

Throughout the 1960s, Lee scripted, art-directed and edited most of Marvel's series, moderated the letters pages, wrote a monthly column called "Stan's Soapbox", and wrote endless promotional copy, often signing off with his trademark motto, "Excelsior!" (which is also the New York state motto). To maintain his workload and meet deadlines, he used a system that was used previously by various comic-book studios, but due to Lee's success with it, became known as the "Marvel Method". Typically, Lee would brainstorm a story with the artist and then prepare a brief synopsis rather than a full script. Based on the synopsis, the artist would fill the allotted number of pages by determining and drawing the panel-to-panel storytelling. After the artist turned in penciled pages, Lee would write the word balloons and captions, and then oversee the lettering and coloring. In effect, the artists were co-plotters, whose collaborative first drafts Lee built upon.[61] For his part, Lee endeavored to use a sophisticated vocabulary in his dialogue and captions to encourage his young readers to learn new words, often playfully noting "If a kid has to go to a dictionary, that's not the worst thing that could happen."[62]

Following Ditko's departure from Marvel in 1966, John Romita Sr. became Lee's collaborator on The Amazing Spider-Man. Within a year, it overtook Fantastic Four to become the company's top seller.[63] Lee and Romita's stories focused as much on the social and college lives of the characters as they did on Spider-Man's adventures.[64] The stories became more topical, addressing issues such as the Vietnam War,[65] political elections,[66] and student activism.[67] Robbie Robertson, introduced in The Amazing Spider-Man #51 (August 1967) was one of the first African-American characters in comics to play a serious supporting role.[68] In the Fantastic Four series, the lengthy run by Lee and Kirby produced many acclaimed storylines as well as characters that have become central to Marvel, including the Inhumans[69][70] and the Black Panther,[71] an African king who would be mainstream comics' first black superhero.[72]

The story frequently cited as Lee and Kirby's finest achievement[73][74] is the three-part "Galactus Trilogy" that began in Fantastic Four #48 (March 1966), chronicling the arrival of Galactus, a cosmic giant who wanted to devour the planet, and his herald, the Silver Surfer.[75][76] Fantastic Four #48 was chosen as #24 in the 100 Greatest Marvels of All Time poll of Marvel's readers in 2001. Editor Robert Greenberger wrote in his introduction to the story that "As the fourth year of the Fantastic Four came to a close, Stan Lee and Jack Kirby seemed to be only warming up. In retrospect, it was perhaps the most fertile period of any monthly title during the Marvel Age."[77] Comics historian Les Daniels noted that "[t]he mystical and metaphysical elements that took over the saga were perfectly suited to the tastes of young readers in the 1960s", and Lee soon discovered that the story was a favorite on college campuses.[78] Lee and artist John Buscema launched The Silver Surfer series in August 1968.[79][80]

The following year, Lee and Gene Colan created the Falcon, comics' first African-American superhero, in Captain America #117 (September 1969).[81] In 1971, Lee indirectly helped reform the Comics Code.[82] The U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare had asked Lee to write a comic-book story about the dangers of drugs and Lee conceived a three-issue subplot in The Amazing Spider-Man #96–98 (cover-dated May–July 1971), in which Peter Parker's best friend becomes addicted to prescription drugs. The Comics Code Authority refused to grant its seal because the stories depicted drug use; the anti-drug context was considered irrelevant. With Goodman's cooperation and confident that the original government request would give him credibility, Lee had the story published without the seal. The comics sold well and Marvel won praise for its socially conscious efforts.[83] The CCA subsequently loosened the Code to permit negative depictions of drugs, among other new freedoms.[84][85]

Lee also supported using comic books to provide some measure of social commentary about the real world, often dealing with racism and bigotry.[86] "Stan's Soapbox", besides promoting an upcoming comic book project, also addressed issues of discrimination, intolerance, or prejudice.[87][88]

In 1972, Lee stopped writing monthly comic books to assume the role of publisher. His final issue of The Amazing Spider-Man was #110 (July 1972)[89] and his last Fantastic Four was #125 (August 1972).[90]

#### Later Marvel years

[edit]

Lee speaking at a convention c. 1980

Lee became a figurehead and public face for Marvel Comics. He made appearances at comic book conventions around America, lecturing at colleges and participating in panel discussions. Lee and John Romita Sr. launched the Spider-Man newspaper comic strip on January 3, 1977.[91] Lee's final collaboration with Jack Kirby, The Silver Surfer: The Ultimate Cosmic Experience, was published in 1978 as part of the Marvel Fireside Books series and is considered to be Marvel's first graphic novel.[92] Lee and John Buscema produced the first issue of The Savage She-Hulk (February 1980), which introduced the female cousin of the Hulk,[93] and crafted a Silver Surfer story for Epic Illustrated #1 (Spring 1980).[94]

He moved to California in 1981 to develop Marvel's TV and movie properties. He was an executive producer for, and made cameo appearances in Marvel adaptations and other films. He occasionally returned to comic book writing with various Silver Surfer projects including a 1982 one-shot drawn by John Byrne,[95] the Judgment Day graphic novel illustrated by John Buscema,[96] the Parable limited series drawn by French artist Mœbius,[97] and The Enslavers graphic novel with Keith Pollard.[98] Lee was briefly president of the entire company, but soon stepped down to become publisher instead, finding that being president was too much about numbers and finance and not enough about the creative process he enjoyed.[99]

### Beyond Marvel

[edit]

In 1976, Stan Lee was one of the cartoonists who illustrated the Costello's wall.[100][101] He drew Spider-Man.[102]

Lee stepped away from regular duties at Marvel in the 1990s, though he continued to receive an annual salary of $1 million as chairman emeritus.[103] In 1998, he and Peter Paul began a new Internet-based superhero creation, production, and marketing studio, Stan Lee Media.[104] It grew to 165 people and went public through a reverse merger structured by investment banker Stan Medley in 1999, but, near the end of 2000, investigators discovered illegal stock manipulation by Paul and corporate officer Stephan Gordon.[105] Stan Lee Media filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in February 2001.[106] Paul was extradited to the U.S. from Brazil and pleaded guilty to violating SEC Rule 10b-5 in connection with trading his stock in Stan Lee Media.[107][108] Lee was never implicated in the scheme.[109]

Following the success of 20th Century Fox's 2000 X-Men film and Sony's then-current Spider-Man film, Lee sued Marvel in 2002, claiming that the company was failing to pay his share of the profits from movies featuring the characters he had co-created. Because he had done so as an employee, Lee did not own them, but in the 1990s, after decades of making little money licensing them for television and film, Marvel had promised him 10% of any future profits.[103] Lee and the company settled in 2005 for an undisclosed seven-figure amount.[110][103]

In 2001, Lee, Gill Champion, and Arthur Lieberman formed POW! (Purveyors of Wonder) Entertainment to develop film, television, and video game properties. Lee created the risqué animated superhero series Stripperella for Spike TV. That same year, DC Comics released its first work written by Lee, the Just Imagine... series, in which Lee reimagined the DC superheroes Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern, and the Flash.[111]

In 2004, POW! Entertainment went public through a reverse merger again structured by investment banker Stan Medley. Also that year, Lee announced a superhero program that would feature former Beatle Ringo Starr as the lead character.[112][113] Additionally, in August of that year, Lee announced the launch of Stan Lee's Sunday Comics,[114] a short-lived subscription service hosted by Komikwerks.com. From July 2006 until September 2007 Lee hosted, co-created, executive-produced, and judged the reality television game show competition Who Wants to Be a Superhero? on the Sci-Fi Channel.[115]

In March 2007, after Stan Lee Media had been purchased by Jim Nesfield, the company filed a lawsuit against Marvel Entertainment for $5 billion, claiming Lee had given his rights to several Marvel characters to Stan Lee Media in exchange for stock and a salary.[116] In June 2007, Stan Lee Media sued Lee; his newer company, POW! Entertainment; and POW! subsidiary QED Entertainment.[117][118]

In 2008, Lee wrote humorous captions for the political fumetti book Stan Lee Presents Election Daze: What Are They Really Saying?[119] In April of that year, Brighton Partners and Rainmaker Animation announced a partnership with POW! to produce a CGI film series, Legion of 5.[120] Other projects by Lee announced in the late 2000s included a line of superhero comics for Virgin Comics,[121] a TV adaptation of the novel Hero,[122] a foreword to Skyscraperman by skyscraper fire-safety advocate and Spider-Man fan Dan Goodwin,[123] a partnership with Guardian Media Entertainment and The Guardian Project to create NHL superhero mascots,[124] and work with the Eagle Initiative program to find new talent in the comic book field.[125]

Lee promoting Stan Lee's Kids Universe at the 2011 New York Comic Con

In October 2011, Lee announced he would partner with 1821 Comics on a multimedia imprint, Stan Lee's Kids Universe, a move he said addressed the lack of comic books targeted at children; and that he was collaborating with the company on its futuristic graphic novel Romeo & Juliet: The War, by writer Max Work and artist Skan Srisuwan.[126][127] At the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con, Lee announced his YouTube channel, Stan Lee's World of Heroes, which airs programs created by Lee, Mark Hamill, Peter David, Adrianne Curry and Bonnie Burton, among others.[128][129][130][131] Lee wrote the book Zodiac, released in January 2015, with Stuart Moore.[132] The film Stan Lee's Annihilator, based on a Chinese prisoner-turned-superhero named Ming and in production since 2013, was released in 2015.[133][134][135]

In 2008, POW! Entertainment debuted the manga series Karakuri Dôji Ultimo, a collaboration between Lee and Hiroyuki Takei, Viz Media and Shueisha,[136] The following year POW! released Heroman, which was written by Lee, and serialized in Square Enix's Monthly Shōnen Gangan with the Japanese company Bones.[137][138] In 2011, Lee started writing a live-action musical, The Yin and Yang Battle of Tao,[139] and created the limited series Blood Red Dragon, a collaboration with Todd McFarlane and Japanese rock star Yoshiki.[140][141]

The 2000s saw Lee's public persona penetrate the public consciousness through merchandising, branding, and appearances in Marvel books as a character in the Marvel Universe. In 2006, Marvel commemorated Lee's 65 years with the company by publishing a series of one-shot comics starring Lee himself meeting and interacting with many of his co-creations, including Spider-Man, Doctor Strange, the Thing, Silver Surfer, and Doctor Doom. These comics also featured short pieces by such comics creators as Joss Whedon and Fred Hembeck, as well as reprints of classic Lee-written adventures.[142] At the 2007 Comic-Con International, Marvel Legends introduced a Stan Lee action figure. The body beneath the figure's removable cloth wardrobe is a reused mold of a previously released Spider-Man action figure, with minor changes.[143] Comikaze Expo, Los Angeles' largest comic book convention, was rebranded as Stan Lee's Comikaze Presented by POW! Entertainment in 2012.[144]

Lee at the 2014 Phoenix Comicon

At the 2016 Comic-Con International, Lee introduced his digital graphic novel Stan Lee's God Woke,[145][146] with text originally written as a poem he presented at Carnegie Hall in 1972.[147] The print-book version won the 2017 Independent Publisher Book Awards' Outstanding Books of the Year Independent Voice Award.[148]

On July 6, 2020, Genius Brands (now Kartoon Studios) acquired exclusive worldwide rights to use Lee's name, physical likeness, and signature as well as licensing rights to his name and original IPs from POW! Entertainment. The assets will be placed under a new joint-venture with POW!, called Stan Lee Universe.[149] In 2022, Marvel signed a licensing deal with Stan Lee Universe to use Lee's name and likeness in film and television projects, as well as attractions and merchandising.[150] In April 2024, Kartoon Studios, in collaboration with Channel Frederator Network, rebranded their live-action channel as Stan Lee Presents under the management of Ethan Schulteis. The channel now focuses on Stan Lee's legacy, featuring content from his personal archives, digital comic books, interviews, behind-the-scenes footage, and previews of upcoming projects.[151]

## Personal life

[edit]

### Marriage and residences

[edit]

From 1945 to 1947, Lee lived in the rented top floor of a brownstone in the East 90s in Manhattan.[152] He married Joan Clayton Boocock, originally from Newcastle, England,[153] on December 5, 1947,[154] and in 1949, the couple bought a house in Woodmere, New York, on Long Island, living there through 1952.[155] Their daughter Joan Celia "J. C." Lee was born in 1950. Another daughter, Jan Lee, died a few days after her birth in 1953.[156]

The Lees resided in the Long Island community of Hewlett Harbor, New York, from 1952 to 1980.[157] They also owned a condominium on East 63rd Street in Manhattan from 1975 to 1980,[158] and during the 1970s they owned a vacation home in Remsenburg, New York.[159] For their move to the West Coast in 1981, they bought a home in West Hollywood, California, previously owned by comedian Jack Benny's radio announcer Don Wilson.[160]

### Philanthropy

[edit]

The Stan Lee Foundation was founded in 2010 to focus on literacy, education, and the arts. Its stated goals include supporting programs and ideas that improve access to literacy resources, as well as promoting diversity, national literacy, culture and the arts.[161]

Lee regularly donated papers, photographs, recordings and personal effects to the American Heritage Center at the University of Wyoming between 1981 and 2011. They cover the period from 1926 to 2011.[162]

### Legal concerns

[edit]

#### Intellectual property

[edit]

In 2017, POW! was acquired by Camsing International, a Chinese company, during the period Lee was caring for his terminally ill wife and dealing with his own failing eyesight. Lee filed a US$1 billion lawsuit against POW! in May 2018, asserting that POW! had not disclosed the terms of its acquisition by Camsing to him. Lee stated that POW! CEO Shane Duffy and co-founder Gill Champion had presented him with what they said was a non-exclusive license for POW! for him to sign, under Camsing, to use his likeness and other intellectual property. This contract turned out to be an exclusive license, which Lee claimed he would never have entered.[163]

Lee's lawsuit contended that POW! took over his social media accounts and was impersonating him inappropriately. POW! considered these complaints without merit and claimed that both Lee and his daughter J.C. were aware of the terms.[163] The lawsuit was dropped in July 2018, with Lee issuing the statement: "The whole thing has been confusing to everyone, including myself and the fans, but I am now happy to be surrounded by those who want the best for me" and saying that he was happy to be working with POW! again.[164]

Following Lee's death, his daughter J.C. gathered a legal team to review the legal situation relating to Lee's intellectual property from his later years. In September 2019, J.C. filed a new lawsuit against POW! in the United States District Court for the Central District of California not only related to recent events but also to regain the intellectual property rights that Lee had set up when founding Stan Lee Entertainment in 1998. The complaint identified a period between 2001 and 2017 during which Lee's partners Gill Champion and Arthur Lieberman were said to have misled Lee about various intellectual property rights deals.[165]

In June 2020, Judge Otis D. Wright II dismissed J.C. Lee's lawsuit against POW! Entertainment, declaring it "frivolous" and "improper", sanctioning J.C. Lee for $1,000,000, and sanctioning her lawyers for $250,000 individually and severally. The court also gave POW! Entertainment the right to make a motion to recover legal fees. "We feel vindicated by the Court's decision today," said POW! in a statement. "Stan purposefully created POW! eighteen years ago with me as a place to safeguard his life's work. Before he passed, Stan was adamant that POW! continue to protect his creations and his identity after he was gone, because he trusted that we would safeguard his legacy for generations to come."[166]

#### Sexual harassment allegations

[edit]

On January 10, 2018, the Mail Online alleged that Lee was accused by a small number of nurses of sexually harassing them at his home in early 2017. Lee denied the allegations and claimed that the nurses were attempting to extort him.[167]

#### Victim of elder abuse

[edit]

In April 2018, The Hollywood Reporter published a report that claimed Lee was a victim of elder abuse; the report asserted that, among others, Keya Morgan, Lee's business manager and a memorabilia collector, had been isolating Lee from his trusted friends and associates following his wife's death in order to obtain access to Lee's wealth, estimated to amount to US$50 million.[168][169] In August 2018, a restraining order was issued against Morgan to stay away from Lee, his daughter, and his associates for three years.[170] The Los Angeles Superior Court confirmed that Morgan was charged in May 2019 with five counts of abuse for events that had occurred in mid-2018.[171] The charges were false imprisonment, grand theft of an elder or dependent adult, fraud, forgery, and elder abuse.[172]

Another figure in the alleged abuse was Lee's former business manager Jerardo Olivarez, who was introduced to Lee by J.C. after his wife's death. Lee filed suit against Olivarez in April 2018, calling him one of several "unscrupulous businessmen, sycophants and opportunists" that approached him during this period. According to Lee's complaint, after gaining Lee's power of attorney, Olivarez fired Lee's personal banker, changed Lee's will, convinced him to allow transfers of millions of dollars from his accounts and used some of the funds to purchase a condominium.[173]

## Later life and death

[edit]

In September 2012, Lee underwent an operation to insert a pacemaker, which required cancelling planned appearances at conventions.[174][175] Lee eventually retired from convention appearances by 2017.[176]

On July 6, 2017, Joan Boocock, his wife of 69 years, died of complications from a stroke. She was 95 years old.[177]

Lee died on November 12, 2018, at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, after being rushed there for a medical emergency earlier in the day.[41][178][179] Lee had previously been hospitalized for pneumonia in February of that year.[180] The immediate cause of death listed on his death certificate was cardiac arrest with respiratory failure and congestive heart failure as underlying causes. It also indicated that he suffered from aspiration pneumonia. His body was cremated and his ashes were given to his daughter.[181]

Roy Thomas, who succeeded Lee as editor-in-chief at Marvel, had visited Lee two days prior to his death to discuss the upcoming book The Stan Lee Story and stated "I think he was ready to go. But he was still talking about doing more cameos. As long as he had the energy for it and didn't have to travel, Stan was always up to do some more cameos. He got a kick out of those more than anything else."[182] Lee's last words to Thomas was "God bless. Take care of my boy, Roy", leading fans to speculate that he was referring to Spider-Man.[183]

## Bibliography

[edit]

### Books

[edit]

* Lee, Stan; Mair, George (2002). Excelsior!: The Amazing Life of Stan Lee. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-2800-8.
* Lee, Stan (1997) [Originally published by Simon & Schuster in 1974]. Origins of Marvel Comics. Marvel Entertainment Group. ISBN 978-0-7851-0551-0.
* Lee, Stan; David, Peter (2015). Amazing, Fantastic, Incredible: A Marvelous Memoir. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1501107771.

### Comics bibliography

[edit]

Lee's comics work includes:[94]

#### DC Comics

[edit]

* DC Comics Presents: Superman #1 (2004)
* Detective Comics #600 (1989, text piece)
* Just Imagine Stan Lee creating:
* Aquaman (with Scott McDaniel) (2002)
* Batman (with Joe Kubert) (2001)
* Catwoman (with Chris Bachalo) (2002)
* Crisis (with John Cassaday) (2002)
* Flash (with Kevin Maguire) (2002)
* Green Lantern (with Dave Gibbons) (2001)
* JLA (with Jerry Ordway) (2002)
* Robin (with John Byrne) (2001)
* Sandman (with Walt Simonson) (2002)
* Secret Files and Origins (2002)
* Shazam! (with Gary Frank) (2001)
* Superman (with John Buscema) (2001)
* Wonder Woman (with Jim Lee) (2001)

#### Marvel Comics

[edit]

* The Amazing Spider-Man #1–100, 105–110, 116–118 (co-written with Gerry Conway), Annual #1–5 (1963-1973); #200 (epilogue), Annual #18 (1980, 1984); (backup stories): #634–645 (2010–2011)
* The Amazing Spider-Man, strips (1977–2018)[184]
* The Avengers #1–34 (1963–1966)
* Captain America #100–141 (1968–1971) (continues from Tales of Suspense #99)
* Daredevil, #1–9, 11–50, 53 (story), Annual #1 (1964–1969)
* Daredevil, vol. 2, #20 (backup story) (2001)
* Epic Illustrated #1 (Silver Surfer) (1980)
* Fantastic Four #1–114, 115 (plot), 120–125, Annual #1–6 (1961–1972); #296 (1986)
* The Incredible Hulk #1–6 (1962–1963) (continues to Tales to Astonish #59)
* The Incredible Hulk, vol. 2, #108–119, 120 (plot) (1968–1969)
* Journey into Mystery (Thor) plotter #83–96 (1962–1963), writer #97–125, Annual #1 (1963–1966) (continues to Thor #126)
* The Mighty Thor #126–192, 200, Annual #1–2, 4 (1966–1972), 385 (1987)
* Kissnation #1 (1996)
* Nightcat #1 (1991)
* Ravage 2099 #1–7 (1992–1993)
* Savage She-Hulk #1 (1980)
* Savage Tales #1 (1971)
* Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos #1–28, Annual #1 (1963–1966)
* Silver Surfer #1–18 (1968–1970)
* Silver Surfer, vol. 2, #1 (1982)
* Silver Surfer: Judgment Day (1988) ISBN 978-0-87135-427-3
* Silver Surfer: Parable #1–2 (1988–1989)
* Silver Surfer: The Enslavers (1990) ISBN 978-0-87135-617-8
* Solarman #1–2 (1989–1990)
* The Spectacular Spider-Man (magazine) #1–2 (1968)
* The Spectacular Spider-Man Annual #10 (1990)
* Strange Tales (diverse stories): #9, 11, 74, 89, 90–100 (1951–1962); (Human Torch): #101–109, 112–133, Annual #2; (Doctor Strange): #110–111, 115–128, 130-142, 151–157 (1963–1967); Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.: #135–147, 150–152 (1965–1967)
* Tales to Astonish (diverse stories): #1, 6, 12–13, 15–17, 24–33 (1959–1962); Ant-Man/Giant Man: #35–69 (1962–1965); The Hulk: #59–101 (1964–1968); Sub-Mariner: #70–101 (1965–1968)
* Tales of Suspense (diverse stories): #7, 9, 16, 22, 27, 29–30 (1959–1962); (Iron Man): plotter #39–46 (1963), writer #47–98 (1963–1968) (Captain America): #59–86, 88–99 (1964–1968)
* Web of Spider-Man Annual #6 (1990)
* What If (Fantastic Four) #200 (2011)
* The X-Men #1–19 (1963–1966)

#### Simon and Schuster

[edit]

* The Silver Surfer: The Ultimate Cosmic Experience, 114 pages, September 1978, ISBN 978-0-671-24225-1

#### Other

[edit]

* Heroman
* How to Draw Comics the Marvel Way
* Karakuri Dôji Ultimo (manga original concept)
* Adventures of the Big Boy (Writer of early comic strips.)

## Accolades

[edit]

Stan Lee is congratulated by President George W. Bush on receiving the National Medal of Arts in 2008

* The County of Los Angeles and the City of Long Beach declared October 2, 2009, "Stan Lee Day".[185]
* Boston's Mayor Marty Walsh named August 2, 2015, as "Stan Lee Day" for the city during the annual Boston Comic-Con event.[186]
* The office of New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that October 7, 2016, was "Stan Lee Day" for the city during the New York Comic Con event.[176]
* At the onset of the 2016 Stan Lee's Comikaze Expo in Los Angeles, the Los Angeles City Council announced that October 28, 2016, was "Stan Lee Day".[187]
* On July 14, 2017, Lee and Jack Kirby were named Disney Legends for their creation of numerous characters that later comprised Disney's Marvel Cinematic Universe.[188]
* On July 18, 2017, as part of D23 Disney Legends event, a ceremony was held at the TCL Chinese Theatre on Hollywood Boulevard where Stan Lee imprinted his hands, feet, and signature in cement.[189]
* The New York City Council voted on July 23, 2019, to name a section of University Avenue in the Bronx, between Brandt Place and West 176th Street, as "Stan Lee Way".[190]

Year  | Award  | Nominated work  | Result

|
|
|

1974  | Inkpot Award[191] |  | Won
1994  | The Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame[192] |
1995  | Jack Kirby Hall of Fame[193] |
2002  | Saturn Award | The Life Career Award
2007  | Sergio Award[194] |
2008  | National Medal of Arts[195] |
2009  | Hugo Award[196] | Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation- Iron Man | Nominated
Scream Awards[197] | Comic-Con Icon Award  | Won
2011  | Hollywood Walk of Fame[198] |
2012  | Visual Effects Society Awards | Lifetime Achievement Award
Producers Guild of America[199] | Vanguard Award
2017  | National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers[200] | Performance in a Comedy, Supporting

## Fictional portrayals

[edit]

Further information: List of comics creators appearing in comics § Stan Lee

### Marvel Comics

[edit]

Stan Lee appears in one panel as "third assistant office boy" in Terry-Toons #12 (September 1943). Stan Lee is featured prominently as a story character in Margie #36 (June 1947).

He later appears in a mask on the cover of Black Rider #8 (March 1950), albeit as a character model, not as Stan Lee.

Lee and Kirby (bottom left) as themselves on the cover of The Fantastic Four #10 (January 1963). Art by Kirby and Dick Ayers

Lee and Jack Kirby appear as themselves in The Fantastic Four #10 (January 1963), the first of several appearances within the fictional Marvel Universe.[201] The two are depicted as similar to their real-world counterparts, creating comic books based on the "real" adventures of the Fantastic Four.

Kirby later portrayed himself, Lee, production executive Sol Brodsky, and Lee's secretary Flo Steinberg as superheroes in What If #11 (October 1978), "What If the Marvel Bullpen Had Become the Fantastic Four?", in which Lee played the role of Mister Fantastic.

Lee was shown in numerous cameo appearances in many Marvel titles, appearing in audiences and crowds at many characters' ceremonies and parties. For example, he is seen hosting an old-soldiers reunion in Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos #100 (July 1972), in The Amazing Spider-Man #169 (June 1977), as a bar patron in Marvels #3 (1994),[202] at Karen Page's funeral in Daredevil vol. 2, #8 (June 1998), and as the priest officiating at Luke Cage and Jessica Jones' wedding in New Avengers Annual #1 (June 2006). Lee and Kirby appear as professors in Marvel Adventures Spider-Man #19 (2006).

He appears in Generation X #17 (July 1996) as a circus ringmaster narrating (in lines written by Lee) a story set in an abandoned circus. This characterization was revived in Marvel's "Flashback" series of titles cover-dated July 1997, numbered "-1", introducing stories about Marvel characters before they became superheroes.

In Stan Lee Meets Superheroes (2007), written by Lee, he comes into contact with some of his favorite creations.[142]

### DC Comics

[edit]

In the first series of Angel and the Ape (1968–1969), Lee was parodied as Stan Bragg, editor of Brain-Pix Comics.

Lee was parodied by Kirby in Mister Miracle in the early 1970s, as Funky Flashman.[203]

A humorously illustrated Lee briefly appears in Teen Titans Go! To the Movies. The character is depicted in a cameo, before being informed by another character that is a DC film. Despite DC Comics being a competitor, Lee himself actually provides the voice for the character.

### Other publishers

[edit]

Lee and other comics creators are mentioned in Michael Chabon's 2000 novel set in the early comics industry The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay.[204]

Under the name Stanley Lieber, he appears briefly in Paul Malmont's 2006 novel The Chinatown Death Cloud Peril.[205]

In Lavie Tidhar's 2013 The Violent Century, Lee appears – as Stanley Martin Lieber – as a historian of superhumans.[206]

## Film and television appearances

[edit]

Further information: List of cameo appearances by Stan Lee

Lee had cameo appearances in many Marvel film and television projects, including those within the Marvel Cinematic Universe.[207] A few of these appearances are self-aware and sometimes reference Lee's involvement in the creation of certain characters.[208] He additionally voiced a cameo appearance as himself in the 2018 DC Comics movie Teen Titans Go! To the Movies.[209] Out of respect for Lee, Marvel Studios enacted a new policy following his death that forbids cameos by Lee in new films by using archive footage of him,[210] with Avengers: Endgame (2019) marking his final appearance; the film was released several months after his death.

Lee was featured with his colleagues and family in the 2010 documentary With Great Power: The Stan Lee Story, which explored his life, career, and creations.[211] A special titled Stan Lee, chronicling the life and legacy of Lee, was released on June 16, 2023, on Disney+. It was directed by David Gelb and first premiered at the Tribeca Festival.[212][213]

## See also

[edit]

* Biography portal
* Comics portal
* Film portal
* Speculative fiction portal

* List of American comics creators
* Lists of American Jews
* List of Eisner Award winners
* List of Harvey Award winners
* List of Jewish American authors
* List of Marvel Comics people
* List of pseudonyms
* List of science-fiction authors
* With great power comes great responsibility

## Explanatory notes

[edit]

1. ^ Lee's account of how he began working for Marvel's predecessor, Timely, varied. He said in lectures and elsewhere that he simply answered a newspaper ad seeking a publishing assistant, not knowing it involved comics, let alone his cousin Jean's husband, Martin Goodman:

> I applied for a job in a publishing company ... I didn't even know they published comics. I was fresh out of high school, and I wanted to get into the publishing business, if I could. There was an ad in the paper that said, "Assistant Wanted in a Publishing House." When I found out that they wanted me to assist in comics, I figured, 'Well, I'll stay here for a little while and get some experience, and then I'll get out into the real world.' ... I just wanted to know, 'What do you do in a publishing company?' How do you write? ... How do you publish? I was an assistant. There were two people there named Joe Simon and Jack Kirby – Joe was sort-of the editor/artist/writer, and Jack was the artist/writer. Joe was the senior member. They were turning out most of the artwork. Then there was the publisher, Martin Goodman ... And that was about the only staff that I was involved with. After a while, Joe Simon and Jack Kirby left. I was about 17 years old [sic], and Martin Goodman said to me, 'Do you think you can hold down the job of editor until I can find a real person?' When you're 17, what do you know? I said, 'Sure! I can do it!' I think he forgot about me, because I stayed there ever since.[21]

In his 2002 autobiography, Excelsior! The Amazing Life of Stan Lee, he writes:

> My uncle, Robbie Solomon, told me they might be able to use someone at a publishing company where he worked. The idea of being involved in publishing definitely appealed to me. ... So I contacted the man Robbie said did the hiring, Joe Simon, and applied for a job. He took me on and I began working as a gofer for eight dollars a week...

Joe Simon, in his 1990 autobiography The Comic Book Makers, gives the account slightly differently: "One day [Goodman's relative known as] Uncle Robbie came to work with a lanky 17-year-old in tow. 'This is Stanley Lieber, Martin's wife's cousin,' Uncle Robbie said. 'Martin wants you to keep him busy.'"

In an appendix, Simon appears to reconcile the two accounts. He relates a 1989 conversation with Lee:

> Lee: I've been saying this [classified-ad] story for years, but apparently it isn't so. And I can't remember because I['ve] said it so long now that I believe it.
>  ...
>  Simon: Your Uncle Robbie brought you into the office one day and he said, 'This is Martin Goodman's wife's nephew.' [sic] ... You were seventeen years old.

>  Lee: Sixteen and a half!

> Simon: Well, Stan, you told me seventeen. You were probably trying to be older... I did hire you.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Lee & Mair 2002, p. 27
2. ^ "Top Stars at the Worldwide Box Office". The Numbers. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
3. ^ Miller, John Jackson (June 10, 2005). "Comics Industry Birthdays". Comics Buyer's Guide. Iola, Wisconsin. Archived from the original on February 18, 2011.
4. ^ a b Lee & Mair 2002, p. 5
5. ^ Almanac, World (1986). The Celebrity Who's Who – World Almanac. World Almanac Books. p. 213\. ISBN 978-0-345-33990-4. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
6. ^ Lee in "Is there a God?". The A.V. Club. October 9, 2002. Archived from the original on March 1, 2009. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
7. ^ "Ce spunea Stan Lee despre originile sale românești". Digi24 (in Romanian). November 13, 2018.
8. ^ Lewine, Edward (September 4, 2007). "Sketching Out His Past: Image 1". The New York Times Key Magazine. Archived from the original on April 24, 2009. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
9. ^ a b Lewine. "Image 2". Archived from the original on April 24, 2009. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
10. ^ Kugel, Allison (March 13, 2006). "Stan Lee: From Marvel Comics Genius to Purveyor of Wonder with POW! Entertainment". PR.com. Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
11. ^ Hodgkinson, Thomas W (March 9, 2022). "Beat it Batman – this foppish baronet was the world's first superhero". The Guardian. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
12. ^ Lee and Mair, p. 17 Archived December 25, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
13. ^ Sedlmeier, Cory, ed. (2012). Marvel Masterworks: The Incredible Hulk Volume 2. Marvel Comics. p. 244\. ISBN 978-0-7851-5883-7.
14. ^ "Biography". StanLeeWeb.com (fan site by minority shareholders of POW! Entertainment). Archived from the original on October 24, 2008. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
15. ^ Apuzzo, Jason (February 1, 2012). "With Great Power: A Conversation with Stan Lee at Slamdance 2012". Moviefone. Archived from the original on September 7, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
16. ^ "Stan Lee". WebOfStories. Archived from the original on June 12, 2012. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
17. ^ Batchelor, Bob (2017). Stan Lee : The Man Behind Marvel. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 13\. ISBN 978-1-4422-7781-6.
18. ^ Lee and Mair, p. 18 Archived December 26, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
19. ^ "I Let People Do Their Jobs!': A Conversation with Vince Fago - Artist, writer, and Third Editor-in-Chief of Timely/Marvel Comics". Alter Ego. Vol. 3, no. 11\. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. November 2001. Archived from the original on June 23, 2009.
20. ^ Lee, Mair, p. 22 Archived December 25, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
21. ^ "Interview with Stan Lee (Part 1 of 5)". IGN FilmForce. June 26, 2000. Archived from the original on January 15, 2015.
22. ^ Boucher, Geoff (September 25, 2009). "Jack Kirby, the abandoned hero of Marvel's grand Hollywood adventure, and his family's quest". Hero Complex (column), Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011.
23. ^ Sanderson, Peter (2008). "1940s". In Gilbert, Laura (ed.). Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History. London, United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 19\. ISBN 978-0-7566-4123-8. "Joe Simon and Jack Kirby's assistant Stanley Lieber wrote his first story for Timely, a text story called 'Captain America Foils the Traitor's Revenge'. It was also his first superhero story, and the first work he signed using his new pen name of Stan Lee."
24. ^ Thomas, Roy (November 13, 2018). "How Stanley Lieber Wrote His First Comics Story and Became 'Stan Lee'". Archived from the original on November 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
25. ^ "The 'Amazing Fantastic Incredible' life of Stan Lee, now in comic form". www.mprnews.org. November 12, 2015. Archived from the original on November 13, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
26. ^ a b c Thomas, Roy (2006). Stan Lee's Amazing Marvel Universe. New York: Sterling Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4027-4225-5. "With the speed of thought, he sent his shield spinning through the air to the other end of the tent, where it smacked the knife out of Haines' hand!" It became a convention starting the following issue, in a Simon & Kirby's comics story depict the following: "Captain America's speed of thought and action save Bucky's life - as he hurls his shield across the room."
27. ^ Lee, Stan; Timm, Bruce (2014). Marvel's 75th Anniversary Celebration. Marvel.
28. ^ Stan Lee: Caught in Spidey's Web –The Washington Post
29. ^ Sanderson "1940s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 19
30. ^ Kupperberg, Paul (2006). The Creation of Spider-Man. New York City: Rosen Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-4042-0763-9.
31. ^ Brooks, Brad; Pilcher, Tim (2005). The Essential Guide to World Comics. London, United Kingdom: Collins & Brown. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-84340-300-5.
32. ^ Boatz, Darrel L. (December 1988). "Stan Lee". Comics Interview. No. 64\. Fictioneer Books. pp. 5–23.
33. ^ Conan, Neal (October 27, 2010). "Stan Lee, Mastermind of the Marvel Universe". Talk of the Nation. NPR. Archived from the original on February 20, 2018. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
34. ^ McLaughlin, Jeff; Lee, Stan (2007). Stan Lee: Conversations. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. p. 59\. ISBN 978-1-57806-985-9.
35. ^ Batchelor, Bob (2017). Stan Lee : The Man Behind Marvel. Royman & Littlefield. p. 37\. ISBN 9781442277816.
36. ^ Collins, Shannon (June 28, 2017). "Stan Lee Proud to Be WWII Vet, Thanks Service Members for Serving". DoD News. Archived from the original on November 12, 2018. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
37. ^ Batchelor, Bob (2017). Stan Lee: The Man Behind Marvel. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 41\. ISBN 9781442277816.
38. ^ Heintjes, Tom (2009). "Everybody's Friend: Remembering Stan Lee and Dan DeCarlo's My Friend Irma". Hogan's Alley (16). Archived from the original on October 13, 2013. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
39. ^ Kaplan, Arie (2006). Masters of the Comic Book Universe Revealed!. Chicago Review Press. p. 50\. ISBN 978-1-55652-633-6.
40. ^ McLaughlin, Jeff; Lee, Stan (2007). Stan Lee: Conversations. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. p. 138\. ISBN 978-1-57806-985-9.
41. ^ a b Kandell, Jonathan; Webster, Andy (November 12, 2018). "Stan Lee Is Dead at 95; Superhero of Marvel Comics + Video (05:26)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 12, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
42. ^ Noted comic-book writer Alan Moore described the significance of this new approach in a radio interview on the BBC Four program Chain Reaction, transcribed at "Alan Moore Chain Reaction Interview Transcript". Comic Book Resources. January 27, 2005. Archived from the original on November 8, 2010.:

> The DC comics were ... one dimensional characters whose only characteristic was they dressed up in costumes and did good. Whereas Stan Lee had this huge breakthrough of two-dimensional characters. So, they dress up in costumes and do good, but they've got a bad heart. Or a bad leg. I actually did think for a long while that having a bad leg was an actual character trait.

43. ^ Wright, Bradford W. (2003). Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 207\. ISBN 978-0-8018-7450-5.
44. ^ DeFalco, Tom "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 84: "It did not take long for editor Stan Lee to realize that The Fantastic Four was a hit...the flurry of fan letters all pointed to the FF's explosive popularity."
45. ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 85: "Based on their collaboration on The Fantastic Four, [Stan] Lee worked with Jack Kirby. Instead of a team that fought traditional Marvel monsters however, Lee decided that this time he wanted to feature a monster as the hero."
46. ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 88: "[Stan Lee] had always been fascinated by the legends of the Norse gods and realized that he could use those tales as the basis for his new series centered on the mighty Thor...The heroic and glamorous style that...Jack Kirby [had] was perfect for Thor."
47. ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 91: "Set against the background of the Vietnam War, Iron Man signaled the end of Marvel's monster/suspense line when he debuted in Tales of Suspense #39...[Stan] Lee discussed the general outline for Iron Man with Larry Lieber, who later wrote a full script for the origin story."
48. ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 94: "The X-Men #1 introduced the world to Professor Charles Xavier and his teenage students Cyclops, Beast, Angel, Iceman, and Marvel Girl. Magneto, the master of magnetism and future leader of the evil mutants, also appeared."
49. ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 100: "Stan Lee chose the name Daredevil because it evoked swashbucklers and circus daredevils, and he assigned Bill Everett, the creator of the Sub-Mariner to design and draw Daredevil #1."
50. ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 93: [Stan Lee] decided his new superhero feature would star a magician. Since Lee was enjoying his collaborations with Steve Ditko on The Amazing Spider-Man, he decided to assign the new feature to Ditko, who usually handled at least one of the backups in Strange Tales.
51. ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 87: "Deciding that his new character would have spider-like powers, [Stan] Lee commissioned Jack Kirby to work on the first story. Unfortunately, Kirby's version of Spider-Man's alter ego Peter Parker proved too heroic, handsome, and muscular for Lee's everyman hero. Lee turned to Steve Ditko, the regular artist on Amazing Adult Fantasy, who designed a skinny, awkward teenager with glasses."
52. ^ Wright, p. 218
53. ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 94: "Filled with some wonderful visual action, The Avengers #1 has a very simple story: the Norse god Loki tricked the Hulk into going on a rampage ... The heroes eventually learned about Loki's involvement and united with the Hulk to form the Avengers."
54. ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 86: "Stan Lee and Jack Kirby reintroduced one of Marvel's most popular Golden Age heroes – Namor, the Sub-Mariner."
55. ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 99: "'Captain America lives again!' announced the cover of The Avengers #4...Cap was back."
56. ^ Batchelor, Bob (2017). Stan Lee: The Man Behind Marvel. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 73\. ISBN 978-1-4422-7781-6.
57. ^ Sanderson, Peter (October 10, 2003). "Continuity/Discontinuity". Comics in Context (column) #14, IGN. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011.
58. ^ "Marvel Bullpen Bulletins". reprinted on fan site. Archived from the original on May 2, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
59. ^ "Audio of Merry Marvel Marching Society record". Archived from the original on December 10, 2005. Retrieved January 30, 2006.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), including voice of Stan Lee
60. ^ "Radio". The New York Times. March 3, 1967. Archived from the original on May 18, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2013. Abstract only; full article requires payment or subscription
61. ^ Groth, Gary. "Editorial," The Comics Journal #75 (Sept. 1982), p. 4.
62. ^ Lowry, Brian (November 12, 2018). "Stan Lee, Marvel Comic Book Legend, Dies at 95". Variety.com. Variety. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
63. ^ Thomas, Roy; Sanderson, Peter (2007). The Marvel Vault: A Museum-in-a-Book with Rare Collectibles from the World of Marvel. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Running Press. p. 98\. ISBN 978-0-7624-2844-1.
64. ^ Manning, Matthew K. (2012). "1960s". In Gilbert, Laura (ed.). Spider-Man Chronicle Celebrating 50 Years of Web-Slinging. London, United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 37\. ISBN 978-0-7566-9236-0. "[Stan Lee] knew that most readers tuned in every month for a glimpse of that side of Spider-Man's life as much as they did to see the wall-crawler battle the latest supervillain."
65. ^ Manning "1960s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 39: The Amazing Spider-Man #47 (April 1967) "Kraven's latest rematch with Spidey was set during a going-away party for Flash Thompson, who was facing the very real issue of the Vietnam War draft."
66. ^ Manning "1960s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 43: The Spectacular Spider-Man #1 (July 1968) "Drawn by Romita and Jim Mooney, the mammoth 52-page lead story focused on corrupt politician Richard Raleigh's plot to terrorize the city."
67. ^ Manning "1960s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 46: The Amazing Spider-Man #68 (January 1969) "Stan Lee tackled the issues of the day again when, with artists John Romita and Jim Mooney, he dealt with social unrest at Empire State University."
68. ^ David, Peter; Greenberger, Robert (2010). The Spider-Man Vault: A Museum-in-a-Book with Rare Collectibles Spun from Marvel's Web. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Running Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-7624-3772-6. "Joseph 'Robbie' Robertson made his debut in The Amazing Spider-Man #51, in a manner that was as quiet and unassuming as the character himself. His debut wasn't treated like the landmark event that it was; he was simply there one day, no big deal."
69. ^ Cronin, Brian (September 18, 2010). "A Year of Cool Comics – Day 261". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
70. ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 111: "The Inhumans, a lost race that diverged from humankind 25,000 years ago and became genetically enhanced."
71. ^ Cronin, Brian (September 19, 2010). "A Year of Cool Comics – Day 262". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
72. ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 117: Stan Lee wanted to do his part by co-creating the first black super hero. Lee discussed his ideas with Jack Kirby and the result was seen in Fantastic Four #52.
73. ^ Thomas, Stan Lee's Amazing Marvel Universe, pp. 112–115
74. ^ Hatfield, Charles (February 2004). "The Galactus Trilogy: An Appreciation". The Collected Jack Kirby Collector. 1: 211.
75. ^ Cronin, Brian (February 19, 2010). "A Year of Cool Comics – Day 50". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on May 4, 2010. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
76. ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 115: "Stan Lee may have started the creative discussion that culminated in Galactus, but the inclusion of the Silver Surfer in Fantastic Four #48 was pure Jack Kirby. Kirby realized that a being like Galactus required an equally impressive herald."
77. ^ Greenberger, Robert, ed. (December 2001). 100 Greatest Marvels of All Time. Marvel Comics. p. 26.
78. ^ Daniels, Les (1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics. Harry N. Abrams. p. 128\. ISBN 978-0-8109-3821-2.
79. ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 131: "When Stan Lee was told to expand the Marvel line, he immediately gave the Surfer his own title...Since Jack Kirby had more than enough assignments, Lee assigned John Buscema the task of illustrating the new book."
80. ^ Daniels, p. 139: "Beautifully drawn by John Buscema, this comic book represented an attempt to upgrade the medium with a serious character of whom Lee had grown very fond."
81. ^ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 137: "The Black Panther may have broken the mold as Marvel's first black superhero, but he was from Africa. The Falcon, however, was the first black American superhero."
82. ^ Wright, p. 239
83. ^ Saffel, Steve (2007). "Bucking the Establishment, Marvel Style". Spider-Man the Icon: The Life and Times of a Pop Culture Phenomenon. Titan Books. p. 60\. ISBN 978-1-84576-324-4. "The stories received widespread mainstream publicity, and Marvel was hailed for sticking to its guns."
84. ^ Daniels, pp. 152 and 154: "As a result of Marvel's successful stand, the Comics Code had begun to look just a little foolish. Some of its more ridiculous restrictions were abandoned because of Lee's decision."
85. ^ van Gelder, Lawrence (February 4, 1971). "A Comics Magazine Defies Code Ban on Drug Stories; Comics Magazine Defies Industry Code". The New York Times. p. 37\. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
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## Further reading

[edit]

* Jordan, Raphael; Spurgeon, Tom (2003). Stan Lee and the Rise and Fall of the American Comic Book. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1556525063.
* McLaughlin, Jeff, ed. (2007). Stan Lee: Conversations. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1578069859.
* Ro, Ronin (2005) [first published 2004]. Tales to Astonish: Jack Kirby, Stan Lee, and the American Comic Book Revolution. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1582345666.

## External links

[edit]

Stan Lee at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Media from Commons
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Data from Wikidata

* Official website
* Stan Lee at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics
* The Stan Lee papers at the American Heritage Center
* Stan Lee at the Comic Book DB (archived from the original)
* Stan Lee at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
* Stan Lee at IMDb

Videos

* Stan Lee at The Interviews: An Oral History of Television
* Stan Lee at Web of Stories
* The Last Word – Video (05:26) (The New York Times; November 12, 2018)

Business positions

Preceded by

Martin Goodman

|  Publisher of Marvel Comics
1972-1996  | Succeeded by

Shirrel Rhoades

Preceded by

Joe Simon

|  Marvel Comics editor-in-chief
1941–1942  | Succeeded by

Vincent Fago

Preceded by

Vincent Fago

|  Marvel Comics editor-in-chief
1945–1972  | Succeeded by

Roy Thomas

Preceded by

n/a

|  Fantastic Four writer
1961–1971  | Succeeded by

Archie Goodwin

Preceded by

Archie Goodwin

|  Fantastic Four writer
1972  | Succeeded by

Roy Thomas

Preceded by

n/a

|  The Amazing Spider-Man writer
1962–1971  | Succeeded by

Roy Thomas

Preceded by

Roy Thomas

|  The Amazing Spider-Man writer
1972–1973  | Succeeded by

Gerry Conway

Preceded by

n/a

|  The Incredible Hulk writer
(including Tales to Astonish stories)
1962–1968  | Succeeded by

Gary Friedrich

Preceded by

Gary Friedrich

|  The Incredible Hulk writer
1968–1969  | Succeeded by

Roy Thomas

Preceded by

n/a

|  Thor writer
(including Journey into Mystery stories)
1962–1971
(with Larry Lieber in 1962)
(with Robert Bernstein in 1963)  | Succeeded by

Gerry Conway

Preceded by

n/a

|  The Avengers writer
1963–1966  | Succeeded by

Roy Thomas

Preceded by

n/a

|  (Uncanny) X-Men writer
1963–1966  | Succeeded by

Roy Thomas

Preceded by

n/a

|  Captain America writer
(including Tales of Suspense stories)
1964–1971  | Succeeded by

Gary Friedrich

Preceded by

n/a

|  Daredevil writer
1964–1969  | Succeeded by

Roy Thomas

* v
* t
* e

Stan Lee

Media

| Titles|

* Backstreet Project
* Heroes for Hope
* How to Draw Comics the Marvel Way
* Just Imagine...
* Marvel Fireside Books
* Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos
* Stan Lee's God Woke
* The Amazing Spider-Man
* The Incredible Hulk
* The Sensational Spider-Man
* Ultimo
* Uncanny X-Men

|

Storylines|

* "Astonishing Tales"
* "Epic Illustrated"
* "Marvel Super-Heroes"
* "Green Goblin Reborn!"
* "If This Be My Destiny...!"
* "Snafu"
* "Stan Lee Meets..."
* "The Galactus Trilogy"
* "The Six Arms Saga"
* "This Man... This Monster!"
* "Venus"

Television series|

* Heroman
* Stan Lee's Superhumans
* Stan Lee's World of Heroes
* Stan Lee's Lucky Man
* Stripperella
* The Reflection
* Who Wants to Be a Superhero?

Films|

* The Comic Book Greats
* Stan Lee's Mutants, Monsters & Marvels
* The Condor
* Lightspeed
* Mosaic

Related|

* Joan Boocock Lee (wife)
* Larry Lieber (brother)
* List of cameos
* Stan Lee Foundation
* Stan Lee Media
* productions
* Stan Lee's LA Comic Con
* POW! Entertainment

Created

| Characters|

| Heroes|

* Ant-Man / Giant-Man
* Hank Pym
* Bill Foster
* Avengers
* Black Knight
* Sir Percy
* Black Panther
* Black Widow
* Blonde Phantom
* Brother Voodoo
* Captain Marvel
* Mar-Vell
* Linda Carter
* Daredevil
* Destroyer
* Doctor Druid
* Doctor Strange
* Falcon
* Fantastic Four
* Human Torch
* Invisible Woman
* Mister Fantastic
* Thing
* Forbush Man
* Frankenstein Monster
* Goliath
* Groot
* Hawkeye
* Hercules
* Howling Commandos
* Dum Dum Dugan
* Nick Fury
* Gabe Jones
* Eric Koenig
* Junior Juniper
* Pinky Pinkerton
* Hulk
* Inhumans
* Black Bolt
* Crystal
* Gorgon
* Karnak
* Lockjaw
* Medusa
* Triton
* Iron Man
* Ka-Zar
* Man-Thing
* Marvel Boy (Robert Grayson)
* Mimic
* Prowler
* Quicksilver
* Ravage 2099
* Rawhide Kid
* Scarlet Witch
* Sersi
* She-Hulk
* S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Spider-Man
* Stan Lee's Mighty 7
* Starborn
* Swordsman
* The Guardian Project
* Thor
* Two-Gun Kid
* Venus
* Adam Warlock
* Wasp
* Witness
* Wonder Man
* X-Men
* Angel
* Beast
* Cyclops
* Iceman
* Jean Grey
* Professor X
* Zombie

|

Villains|

* Abomination
* Absorbing Man
* A.I.M.
* Air-Walker
* Amphibion
* Annihilus
* Ape-Man
* Ares
* Asbestos Man
* Attuma
* Awesome Android
* Baron Mordo
* Baron Strucker
* Baron Zemo
* Heinrich Zemo
* Batroc the Leaper
* Beetle
* Abner Jenkins
* Big Man
* Frederick Foswell
* Black Knight (Nathan Garrett)
* Blastaar
* Blizzard
* Blob
* Brotherhood of Mutants
* Chameleon
* Cobra
* Collector
* Count Nefaria
* Crimson Dynamo
* Cyttorak
* Death-Stalker
* Destroyer
* Diablo
* Doctor Doom
* Doctor Faustus
* Doctor Octopus
* Doombot
* Doomsday Man
* Dormammu
* Dredmund the Druid
* Eel
* Egghead
* Ego the Living Planet
* Electro
* Emissaries of Evil
* Enchantress
* Enclave
* Enforcers
* Montana
* Executioner
* Femizons
* Fenris Wolf
* Fin Fang Foom
* Fixer
* Richard Fisk
* Frightful Four
* Galactus
* Gargoyle
* Giganto
* Gladiator
* Green Goblin
* Norman Osborn
* Grey Gargoyle
* Grizzly
* Hate-Monger
* Hela
* High Evolutionary
* Hippolyta
* Human Cannonball
* Hydra
* Immortus
* Impossible Man
* Jackal
* Jester
* Jonathan Powers
* Erik Josten
* Juggernaut
* Kaecilius
* Kala
* Kaluu
* Kangaroo
* Kang the Conqueror
* Kingpin
* Klaw
* Krang
* Kraven the Hunter
* Laufey
* Leader
* Leap-Frog
* Living Brain
* Living Laser
* Lizard
* Loki
* Looter/Meteor Man
* Lucifer
* Machinesmith
* Madame Masque
* Mad Thinker
* Maggia
* Magneto
* Man-Beast
* Mandarin
* Mangog
* Man Mountain Marko
* Masked Marauder
* Master Khan
* Mastermind
* Masters of Evil
* Maximus
* Melter
* Mentallo
* Mephisto
* Metal Master
* Midgard Serpent
* Mindless Ones
* Miracle Man
* Mister Fear
* Mister Hyde
* MODOK
* Molecule Man
* Mole Man
* Molten Man
* Monsteroso
* Mordred
* Morgan le Fay
* Mysterio
* Nightmare
* Overmind
* Owl
* Painter
* Plantman
* Plunderer
* Pluto
* Porcupine
* Princess Python
* Prowler
* Psycho-Man
* Purple Man
* Puppet Master
* Radioactive Man
* Ravonna
* Rattler
* Red Barbarian
* Red Ghost
* Rhino
* Ringmaster
* Ronan the Accuser
* Thunderbolt Ross
* Sandman
* Scarecrow
* Scorpion
* Secret Empire
* Sentinel
* Master Mold
* Bolivar Trask
* Sentry
* Shocker
* Silvermane
* Sinister Six
* Sleeper
* Sons of the Serpent
* Space Phantom
* Spencer Smythe
* Spider-Slayer
* Spymaster
* Farley Stillwell
* Stranger
* Mendel Stromm
* Strongman
* Super-Adaptoid
* Super-Skrull
* Surtur
* Swordsman
* Glenn Talbot
* Tinkerer
* Titanium Man
* Toad
* Trapster
* Tricephalous
* Tumbler
* Ulik
* Ultimo
* Unicorn
* Unus the Untouchable
* Vanisher
* Vulture
* Whiplash
* Whirlwind
* Wizard
* Wrecker
* Yon-Rogg
* Ymir
* Zarrko

Supporting|

* Liz Allan
* Ancient One
* Athena
* Sally Avril
* Aunt May
* Balder
* Bast
* Betty Brant
* Peggy Carter
* Sharon Carter
* Clea Strange
* Billy Connors
* Martha Connors
* Eternity
* Vanessa Fisk
* Jane Foster
* Frigga
* Goom
* Agatha Harkness
* Happy Hogan
* Happy Sam Sawyer
* Heimdall
* Hera
* H.E.R.B.I.E.
* Hermes
* J. Jonah Jameson
* John Jameson
* Edwin Jarvis
* Rick Jones
* Ned Leeds
* Living Tribunal
* Willie Lumpkin
* Alicia Masters
* Jack Murdock
* Foggy Nelson
* Neptune
* Harry Osborn
* Odin
* Karen Page
* Richard and Mary Parker
* Pepper Potts
* Franklin Richards
* Randy Robertson
* Robbie Robertson
* Betty Ross
* Shalla-Bal
* Sif
* Jasper Sitwell
* George Stacy
* Gwen Stacy
* Supreme Intelligence
* Franklin Storm
* T'Chaka
* Teen Brigade
* Flash Thompson
* Tyr
* Uatu
* Uncle Ben
* Anna Watson
* Mary Jane Watson
* Wong
* Wyatt Wingfoot
* Valkyrior
* Warriors Three
* Fandral
* Hogun
* Volstagg
* Yancy Street Gang
* Zabu
* Zeus

Species|

* Asgardians
* D'Bari
* Kree
* Mutants
* New Men
* Olympians
* Skrulls
* Watchers

Locations and
businesses|

* Asgard
* Avengers Mansion
* Baxter Building
* Daily Bugle
* Danger Room
* Features of Spider-Man media
* Helicarrier
* Latveria
* Negative Zone
* Oscorp
* Sanctum Sanctorum
* Savage Land
* Stark Industries
* Stark Tower
* Wakanda
* X-Mansion

Objects|

* Cerebro
* Cosmic Cube
* Life Model Decoy
* Ultimate Nullifier
* Vibranium

* Category

Awards for Stan Lee

* v
* t
* e

Disney Legends Awards (2010s)

2011|

* Jodi Benson
* Barton "Bo" Boyd*
* Jim Henson*
* Linda Larkin
* Paige O'Hara
* Regis Philbin
* Anika Noni Rose
* Lea Salonga
* Raymond Watson
* Guy Williams*
* Bonita Granville Wrather*
* Jack Wrather*

2013|

* Tony Baxter
* Collin Campbell
* Dick Clark*
* Billy Crystal
* John Goodman
* Steve Jobs*
* Glen Keane
* Ed Wynn*

2015|

* George Bodenheimer
* Julie Reihm Casaletto
* Andreas Deja
* Johnny Depp
* Eyvind Earle*
* Danny Elfman
* Susan Lucci
* George Lucas
* Carson Van Osten

2017|

* Clyde Geronimi*
* Whoopi Goldberg
* Manuel Gonzales*
* Carrie Fisher*
* Mark Hamill
* Jack Kirby*
* Wayne Jackson
* Stan Lee
* Garry Marshall*
* Julie Taymor
* Oprah Winfrey

2019|

* Christina Aguilera
* Wing T. Chao
* Robert Downey Jr.
* Jon Favreau
* James Earl Jones
* Bette Midler
* Kenny Ortega
* Barnette Ricci
* Robin Roberts
* Diane Sawyer
* Ming-Na Wen
* Hans Zimmer

* Awarded posthumously

* Complete list
* 1980s
* 1990s
* 2000s
* 2010s
* 2020s

* v
* t
* e

Inkpot Award (1970s)

1974|

* Forrest J. Ackerman
* Ray Bradbury
* Kirk Alyn
* Milton Caniff
* Frank Capra
* Bob Clampett
* June Foray
* Eric Hoffman
* Chuck Jones
* Jack Kirby
* Stan Lee
* William R. "Bill" Lund
* Russ Manning
* Russell Myers
* Charles M. Schulz
* Phil Seuling
* Roy Thomas
* Bjo Trimble

1975|

* Barry Alfonso
* Brad Anderson
* Robert Bloch
* Vaughn Bodé
* Edgar Rice Burroughs
* Daws Butler
* Richard Butner
* Shel Dorf
* Will Eisner
* Mark Evanier
* Gil Kane
* Alan Light
* Dick Moores
* George Pal
* Rod Serling
* Joe Shuster
* Jerry Siegel
* Barry Windsor-Smith
* Jim Starlin
* Jim Steranko
* Theodore Sturgeon
* Larry Vincent

1976|

* Neal Adams
* Sergio Aragonés
* Mel Blanc
* Frank Brunner
* Rick Griffin
* Johnny Hart
* George Clayton Johnson
* Vicky Kelso
* Mel Lazarus
* Sheldon Mayer
* Dale Messick
* Alex Niño
* Don Rico
* Don Thompson
* Maggie Thompson

1977|

* Alfredo Alcala
* Carl Barks
* C. C. Beck
* Howard Chaykin
* Lester Dent
* Jackie Estrada
* Hal Foster
* Walter "The Shadow" Gibson
* Jim Harmon
* Robert A. Heinlein
* Gene Henderson
* Michael Kaluta
* Joe Kubert
* Harvey Kurtzman
* George Lucas
* Stan Lynde
* Byron Preiss
* Trina Robbins
* Stanley Ralph Ross
* Bill Scott
* David Scroggy
* Jay Ward
* Len Wein

1978|

* John Buscema
* Al Capp
* Gene Colan
* Gill Fox
* Tom French
* Steve Gerber
* Chester Gould
* Burne Hogarth
* Bob Kane
* Ken Krueger
* Bernie Lansky
* Gray Morrow
* Clarence Nash
* Grim Natwick
* Bill Rotsler
* Mike Royer
* Gilbert Shelton
* Dave Sheridan
* Bill Stout
* Frank Thorne
* Boris Vallejo
* Mort Weisinger
* Elmer Woggon

1979|

* Craig Anderson
* Steve Englehart
* Dale Enzenbacher
* Kelly Freas
* Virginia French
* H. R. Giger
* Gene Hazelton
* Carl Macek
* Victor Moscoso
* Larry Niven
* Dan O'Neill
* Virgil Partch
* Jerry Pournelle
* Nestor Redondo
* Marshall Rogers
* John Romita Sr.
* Bill Spicer
* Mort Walker
* Marv Wolfman

* Complete list
* 1970s
* 1980s
* 1990s
* 2000s
* 2010s

* v
* t
* e

Life Career Award

* Fritz Lang (1976)
* Samuel Z. Arkoff (1977)
* Christopher Lee (1979)
* Gene Roddenberry (1980)
* William Shatner (1980)
* John Agar (1981)
* Ray Harryhausen (1982)
* Martin B. Cohen (1983)
* Vincent Price (1986)
* Leonard Nimoy (1987)
* Roger Corman (1988)
* Ray Walston (1990)
* Arnold Schwarzenegger (1992)
* David Lynch (1993)
* Alfred Hitchcock (1994)
* Steve Reeves (1994)
* Whit Bissell (1994)
* Joel Silver (1995)
* Richard Fleischer (1995)
* Sean Connery (1995)
* Wes Craven (1995)
* Albert R. Broccoli (1996)
* Edward R. Pressman (1996)
* Harrison Ford (1996)
* Dino De Laurentiis (1997)
* John Frankenheimer (1997)
* Sylvester Stallone (1997)
* James Coburn (1998)
* James Karen (1998)
* Michael Crichton (1998)
* Nathan Juran (1999)
* Dick Van Dyke (2000)
* George Barris (2000)
* Brian Grazer (2001)
* Robert Englund (2001)
* Drew Struzan (2002)
* Stan Lee (2002)
* Kurt Russell (2003)
* Sid and Marty Krofft (2003)
* Blake Edwards (2004)
* Stephen J. Cannell (2005)
* Tom Rothman (2005)
* Robert Halmi (2008)
* Lance Henriksen (2009)
* Irvin Kershner (2010)
* Bert Gordon (2011)
* Michael Biehn (2011)
* Frank Oz (2012)
* James Remar (2012)
* Jonathan Frakes (2013)
* Malcolm McDowell (2014)
* Nichelle Nichols (2016)
* Lee Majors (2017)
* Michael Gruskoff (2019/2020)
* Kathryn Leigh Scott (2021/2022)
* Jodie Foster (2022/2023)

* v
* t
* e

National Medal of Arts recipients (2000s)

2000|

* Maya Angelou
* Eddy Arnold
* Mikhail Baryshnikov
* Benny Carter
* Chuck Close
* Horton Foote
* Lewis Manilow
* National Public Radio, cultural programming division
* Claes Oldenburg
* Itzhak Perlman
* Harold Prince
* Barbra Streisand

2001|

* Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation
* Rudolfo Anaya
* Johnny Cash
* Kirk Douglas
* Helen Frankenthaler
* Judith Jamison
* Yo-Yo Ma
* Mike Nichols

2002|

* Florence Knoll Bassett
* Trisha Brown
* Philippe de Montebello
* Uta Hagen
* Lawrence Halprin
* Al Hirschfeld
* George Jones
* Ming Cho Lee
* William "Smokey" Robinson

2003|

* Austin City Limits
* Beverly Cleary
* Rafe Esquith
* Suzanne Farrell
* Buddy Guy
* Ron Howard
* Tabernacle Choir
* Leonard Slatkin
* George Strait
* Tommy Tune

2004|

* Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
* Ray Bradbury
* Carlisle Floyd
* Frederick Hart
* Anthony Hecht
* John Ruthven
* Vincent Scully
* Twyla Tharp

2005|

* Louis Auchincloss
* James DePreist
* Paquito D'Rivera
* Robert Duvall
* Leonard Garment
* Ollie Johnston
* Wynton Marsalis
* Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
* Tina Ramirez
* Dolly Parton

2006|

* William Bolcom
* Cyd Charisse
* Roy DeCarava
* Wilhelmina Holladay
* Interlochen Center for the Arts
* Erich Kunzel
* Preservation Hall Jazz Band
* Gregory Rabassa
* Viktor Schreckengost
* Ralph Stanley

2007|

* Morten Lauridsen
* N. Scott Momaday
* Craig Noel
* Roy Neuberger
* Les Paul
* Henry Z. Steinway
* George Tooker
* Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival (University of Idaho)
* Andrew Wyeth

2008|

* Stan Lee
* Richard M. Sherman
* Robert B. Sherman
* Olivia de Havilland
* Hank Jones
* Jesús Moroles
* Ford's Theatre Society
* Fisk Jubilee Singers, (Fisk University)
* José Limón Dance Foundation
* The Presser Foundation

2009|

* Bob Dylan
* Clint Eastwood
* Milton Glaser
* Maya Lin
* Rita Moreno
* Jessye Norman
* Joseph P. Riley Jr.
* Frank Stella
* Michael Tilson Thomas
* John Williams
* Oberlin Conservatory of Music
* School of American Ballet

* Complete list
* 1980s
* 1990s
* 2000s
* 2010s

Stan Lee's Marvel characters

* v
* t
* e

Ant-Man and the Wasp

* Stan Lee
* Larry Lieber
* Jack Kirby

Characters|

| Ant-Man|

* Hank Pym
* Scott Lang
* Eric O'Grady

|

Giant-Man|

* Hank Pym
* Bill Foster
* Raz Malhotra

Goliath|

* Hank Pym
* Bill Foster
* Clint Barton
* Erik Josten
* Tom Foster

Yellowjacket|

* Hank Pym
* Rita DeMara
* Darren Cross

The Wasp|

* Janet van Dyne
* Hank Pym
* Nadia van Dyne

Supporting characters|

* Avengers
* Captain America
* Hulk
* Iron Man
* Thor
* Avengers A.I.
* Cassie Lang
* Fantastic Four
* Finesse
* Hope Pym
* Henry Pym Jr.
* Maria Pym
* S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Young Avengers

Enemies|

* A.I.M.
* Black Fox
* Black Knight
* Cross Technological Enterprises
* Crossfire
* Dire Wraiths
* Doctor Nemesis
* Dragonfly
* Egghead
* Equinox
* Ghost
* Goliath
* Erik Josten
* Grizzly
* Hijacker
* HYDRA
* Kang the Conqueror
* Lady Beetle
* MODAM
* MODOK
* Magician
* Mitchell Carson
* People's Defense Force
* Plantman
* Porcupine
* Power Broker
* Red Queen
* Radioactive Man
* Ultron
* Whirlwind
* Yellowjacket
* Darren Cross

Comic book titles|

* Tales to Astonish
* Marvel Feature
* The Unstoppable Wasp

In other media|

* Ant-Man (TV series)

| Marvel Cinematic Universe|

| Films|

* Ant-Man
* soundtrack
* Captain America: Civil War
* Ant-Man and the Wasp
* soundtrack
* Avengers: Endgame
* Quantumania
* soundtrack

|

Characters|

* Scott Lang
* Hope van Dyne

Attractions|

* Nano Battle!

* v
* t
* e

Avengers

* Members
* Enemies
* Titles
* Creators
* Stan Lee
* Jack Kirby

Affiliated teams|

* A-Force
* A-Next
* Avengers A.I.
* Avengers Academy
* Dark Avengers
* Force Works
* Great Lakes Avengers
* Illuminati
* Mighty Avengers
* New Avengers
* Members
* Secret Avengers
* Ultimates
* Members
* Uncanny Avengers
* U.S.Avengers
* West Coast Avengers
* Members
* Young Avengers

Locations|

* Avengers Mansion
* Avengers Tower

In other media|

| Television|

* United They Stand
* Earth's Mightiest Heroes
* Avengers Assemble
* Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers
* Marvel Future Avengers

|

Film|

* Marvel Animated Features
* The Avengers
* soundtrack
* accolades
* Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher
* Age of Ultron
* soundtrack
* Infinity War
* production
* soundtrack
* box office records
* accolades
* Endgame
* production
* soundtrack
* box office records
* accolades
* "Avengers assemble" scene
* Doomsday
* production

Video games|

* Captain America and The Avengers
* Avengers in Galactic Storm
* Marvel Avengers Alliance
* Marvel Avengers: Battle for Earth
* Lego Marvel's Avengers
* Marvel Avengers Academy
* Marvel's Avengers

Attractions and
experiences|

* Avengers Campus
* Avengers: Quantum Encounter

Related|

* Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
* Rogers: The Musical

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Black Panther

* Stan Lee
* Jack Kirby

Black Panthers|

* T'Chaka
* T'Challa
* Kasper Cole
* Shuri

Supporting characters|

* Ant-Man
* Hank Pym
* Bast
* Captain America
* Dora Milaje
* Eden Fesi
* Everett K. Ross
* Gentle
* Hulk
* Iron Man
* Monica Rambeau
* Namor
* Okoye
* Storm
* Thor
* Wasp
* White Wolf
* Winter Soldier

Teams|

* Avengers
* Mighty
* New
* Fantastic Four
* Illuminati
* S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Ultimates

Antagonists|

* Achebe
* Baron Macabre
* Batroc the Leaper
* Black Knight
* Doctor Doom
* Erik Killmonger
* Fenris
* Ghaur
* Hand
* Klaw
* Kraven the Hunter
* Malice
* Malice (Nakia)
* Man-Ape
* Namor
* Radioactive Man
* Rhino
* Sons of the Serpent
* Tetu
* Venomm
* White Wolf
* Zenzi

Publications|

* Jungle Action
* Marvel Comics Presents
* Black Panther and The Crew
* World of Wakanda
* Ultimate Black Panther
* Predator vs. Black Panther

Storylines|

* "Doomwar"
* "Blood Hunt"

In other media|

* Black Panther (TV series)
* Avengers: Black Panther's Quest
* Lego Marvel Super Heroes - Black Panther: Trouble in Wakanda
* Marvel Multiverse Role-Playing Game
* Marvel 1943: Rise of Hydra

| Marvel Cinematic Universe|

* Black Panther (film)
* accolades
* soundtrack
* Black Panther: Wakanda Forever
* accolades
* soundtrack
* Eyes of Wakanda
* T'Challa
* Shuri

|

Related articles|

* Coal Tiger
* Vibranium
* T'Channa
* Wakanda

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Black Widow

* Stan Lee
* Don Rico
* Don Heck

Characters|

* Claire Voyant
* Natasha Romanova
* Yelena Belova

Supporting characters|

* Captain America
* Daredevil
* Hawkeye
* Hulk
* Iron Man
* Maria Hill
* Mockingbird
* Nick Fury
* Punisher
* Red Guardian
* Thor
* Winter Soldier
* Wolverine

Teams|

* Avengers
* Mighty
* Secret
* Champions
* Heroes for Hire
* Lady Liberators
* S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Thunderbolts

Enemies|

* A.I.M.
* Black Spectre
* Crimson Dynamo
* Damon Dran
* Femizons
* Hydra
* Iron Maiden
* Taskmaster
* Viper (Madame Hydra)

Publications|

* Amazing Adventures
* Marvel Fanfare
* Fury/Black Widow: Death Duty
* The Twelve
* Widowmaker

In other media|

* Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher
* Natasha Romanoff (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
* Iron Man 2
* The Avengers
* Captain America: The Winter Soldier
* Avengers: Age of Ultron
* Captain America: Civil War
* Avengers: Infinity War
* Avengers: Endgame
* Black Widow
* soundtrack
* Dottie Underwood
* Agent Carter
* Yelena Belova (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
* Black Widow
* soundtrack
* Hawkeye
* Thunderbolts*
* Marvel's Wastelanders

Alternative versions|

* Monica Chang
* Ultimate Spider-Woman

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Brotherhood of Mutants

* Stan Lee
* Jack Kirby

Original members|

* Magneto
* Toad
* Quicksilver
* Scarlet Witch
* Mastermind

Key members|

* Blob
* Unus the Untouchable
* Vanisher
* Astra
* Burner
* Lifter
* Peepers
* Shocker
* Slither
* Mystique
* Destiny
* Avalanche
* Pyro
* Rogue
* Blindspot
* Phantazia
* Sauron
* Masque
* Thornn
* Fatale
* Random
* Aurora
* Post
* Sabretooth
* Fever Pitch
* Juggernaut
* Domino
* Multiple Man
* Exodus
* Daken

Enemies|

* Avengers
* Dazzler
* Defenders
* Thor
* X-Men

Related topics|

* List of Brotherhood of Mutants members
* X-Men

* v
* t
* e

Captain Marvel

* Stan Lee
* Gene Colan

Characters|

* Mar-Vell
* Monica Rambeau
* Genis-Vell
* Phyla-Vell
* Khn'nr
* Noh-Varr
* Carol Danvers

Supporting characters|

* Elysius
* Eros
* Hulkling
* Rick Jones
* Kree
* Mentor
* Ms. Marvel
* Kamala Khan

Teams|

* A-Force
* Avengers
* Guardians of the Galaxy
* Ultimates

Enemies|

* Captain Atlas
* Controller
* Dar-Benn
* Doctor Minerva
* Korath the Pursuer
* Kree
* Kree Sentry
* Living Laser
* Mercurio the 4-D Man
* Nitro
* Ronan the Accuser
* Skrull
* Karla Sofen
* Star
* Starforce
* Super-Adaptoid
* Supreme Intelligence
* Thanos
* Yon-Rogg

Other media|

* Captain Marvel
* soundtrack
* The Marvels
* soundtrack
* Carol Danvers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)

Alternative versions|

* Mahr Vehl

Related topics|

* Kree
* "Kree–Skrull War"
* The Death of Captain Marvel
* Civil War II
* Alien races

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Daredevil

Stan Lee and Bill Everett

Supporting
characters|

* Avengers
* Black Cat
* Black Widow
* Blindspot
* Luke Cage
* The Chaste
* Stick
* Defenders
* Big Ben Donovan
* Milla Donovan
* Echo
* Elektra
* Vanessa Fisk
* Gladiator
* Heroes for Hire
* Iron Fist
* Jessica Jones
* Master Izo
* Brett Mahoney
* Jack Murdock
* Maggie Murdock
* Moon Knight
* Foggy Nelson
* New Avengers
* Dakota North
* Karen Page
* Punisher
* She-Hulk
* Spider-Man
* Blake Tower
* Ben Urich
* White Tiger
* Hector Ayala
* Angela del Toro

Antagonists|

| Common antagonists|

* Bullseye
* Gladiator
* Jester
* Kingpin
* Mister Fear
* Muse
* Owl
* Purple Man
* Stilt-Man
* Typhoid Mary

|

Group enemies|

* Ani-Men
* Emissaries of Evil
* Enforcers
* Hand
* Maggia
* Sons of the Serpent

Other supervillains|

* Bengal
* Blackwing
* Black Tarantula
* Alexander Bont
* Bushwacker
* Copperhead
* Crusher
* Death-Stalker
* Damon Dran
* Richard Fisk
* Hammerhead
* Lady Bullseye
* Leap-Frog
* Machinesmith
* Man-Bull
* Masked Marauder
* Mind-Wave
* Mister Hyde
* Montana
* Mysterio
* Nuke
* Paladin
* Ringmaster
* Silvermane
* Shock
* Synapse
* Tombstone
* Turk Barrett

Other versions|

* Dare the Terminator
* Darkdevil
* End of Days
* Kingpin / Matt Murdock
* Ultimate Daredevil

Publications|

* Daredevil
* Daredevil/Batman: Eye for an Eye
* Batman/Daredevil: King of New York
* Daredevil: The Man Without Fear
* Daredevil/Bullseye: The Target
* Daredevil: End of Days
* Ultimate Daredevil and Elektra
* Ultimate Elektra
* Daredevil: Reborn
* The Daredevils
* Daredevil Noir

Storylines|

* "Born Again"
* "Guardian Devil"
* "Without Fear"
* "Return of the King"
* "Shadowland"
* "Ninja"
* "Chinatown"
* "Devil's Reign"
* "Gang War"

Other media|

* Daredevil vs Spider-Man
* Daredevil (film)
* soundtrack
* video game
* Elektra

Daredevil (TV series)|

* Seasons
* 1
* 2
* 3
* Characters
* Matt Murdock
* Wilson Fisk
* Frank Castle
* Claire Temple

Daredevil: Born Again|

* Seasons
* 1
* 2

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Doctor Strange

* Stan Lee
* Steve Ditko

Sorcerer Supremes|

* Doctor Strange
* Ancient One
* Jericho Drumm
* Clea Strange

Supporting characters|

* Blade
* Doctor Doom
* Ghost Rider
* Johnny Blaze
* Danny Ketch
* Jennifer Kale
* Magik
* Moon Knight
* Linda Carter
* Scarlet Witch
* Spider-Man
* Strangers
* Topaz
* Wong

Teams|

* Avengers
* New
* Defenders
* Illuminati
* Midnight Sons

Enemies|

* Baron Mordo
* Blackheart
* D'Spayre
* Daniel Drumm
* Death
* Dormammu
* Doctor Doom
* Dweller-in-Darkness
* Enchantress
* Kaecilius
* Kaluu
* Loki
* Mephisto
* Mindless Ones
* Mister Rasputin
* Nicodemus West
* Nightmare
* Satannish
* Scarecrow
* Shuma-Gorath
* Silver Dagger
* Umar
* Varnae

Locations|

* Kamar-Taj
* Sanctum Sanctorum

Equipment|

* Book of the Vishanti
* Cloak of Levitation
* Eye of Agamotto

Publications|

* Strange Tales
* Doctor Strange
* Doctor Strange: The Oath
* Damnation
* Strange Academy
* Blood Hunt

In other media|

| Film|

* Doctor Strange
* soundtrack
* Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness
* soundtrack
* Stephen Strange
* Wong

|

Television|

* Dr. Strange

Animation|

* Doctor Strange: The Sorcerer Supreme

Related|

* Doctor Mordrid
* Sorcerer Supreme
* Monsters

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Fantastic Four

* Stan Lee
* Jack Kirby

Members|

| Original members|

* Mister Fantastic
* Invisible Woman
* Human Torch
* Thing

|

Notable recruits|

* Ant-Man
* Black Panther
* Crystal
* Devil Dinosaur
* Ghost Rider
* Hulk
* Iceman
* Medusa
* Moon Girl
* Ms. Marvel/She-Thing
* Namorita
* Nova
* Power Man
* She-Hulk
* Spider-Man
* Storm
* Tigra
* Wolverine

Supporting|

| Supporting cast|

* Agatha Harkness
* Alicia Masters
* Avengers
* Bishop
* Deadpool
* Doctor Strange
* Franklin Richards
* Franklin Storm
* Gladiator
* H.E.R.B.I.E.
* Inhumans
* Black Bolt
* Medusa
* Karnak
* Gorgon
* Triton
* Crystal
* Lockjaw
* Lyja
* Namor
* Nathaniel Richards
* Silver Surfer
* Spider-Man
* Thundra
* Time Variance Authority
* Uatu the Watcher
* Valeria Richards
* Willie Lumpkin
* Wyatt Wingfoot
* X-Men
* Yancy Street Gang

|

Superhero allies|

* Ant-Man
* Hank Pym
* Scott Lang
* Avengers
* Black Widow
* Captain America
* Hawkeye
* Hulk
* Iron Man
* Thor
* Black Panther
* Daredevil
* Ghost Rider/Danny Ketch
* S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Director Nick Fury
* Spider-Man
* Wolverine
* X-Men

Enemies|

| Central antagonists|

* Annihilus
* Doctor Doom
* Ego the Living Planet
* Galactus
* Impossible Man
* Kang the Conqueror
* Klaw
* Mad Thinker
* Maker
* Maximus
* Mole Man
* Molecule Man
* Namor
* Psycho-Man
* Puppet Master
* Red Ghost
* Ronan the Accuser
* Super-Skrull
* Supreme Intelligence
* Terrax
* Thanos
* Trapster
* Wizard

|

Other supervillains|

* Air-Walker
* Attuma
* Awesome Android
* Beyonder
* Blastaar
* Devos the Devastator
* Diablo
* Electro
* Firelord
* Giganto
* Graviton
* Hate-Monger
* Hydro-Man
* Kala
* Kristoff Vernard
* Knull
* Master Pandemonium
* Mephisto
* Miracle Man
* Nicholas Scratch
* Occulus
* Onslaught
* Overmind
* Paibok
* Sandman
* Sphinx
* Stardust
* Titania

Organizations|

* A.I.M.
* Black Order
* Celestials
* Chitauri
* Doombots
* Enclave
* Frightful Four
* Hydra
* Kree
* Mindless Ones
* Salem's Seven
* Skrulls
* Wrecking Crew

Locations|

* Baxter Building
* Four Freedoms Plaza
* Latveria
* Negative Zone

Publications|

| Current|

* Fantastic Four

|

Previous|

* Fantastic Force
* FF
* Marvel Knights 4
* Marvel Two-in-One
* Super-Villain Team-Up
* The Thing

Limited|

* Fantastic Four: 1234
* Fantastic Four: The End
* Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four

Other
continuities|

* Doom 2099
* Fantastic Five
* Fantastic Four: Unstable Molecules
* Fantastic Four 2099
* Marvel 1602: Fantastick Four
* Superman/Fantastic Four
* Ultimate Fantastic Four

Storylines|

* "The Galactus Trilogy"
* "This Man... This Monster!"
* "Days of Future Present"
* "Reckoning War"
* "Contest of Chaos"
* "A.X.E.: Judgment Day"
* "Blood Hunt"
* "One World Under Doom"

Related articles|

* Doctor Doom's Fearfall
* Fantastic Four Incorporated
* Fantastic Four in popular media
* Fantasticar
* Future Foundation
* Ultimate Fantastic Four story arcs
* Unstable molecules

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Goblin (Marvel Comics)

* Stan Lee
* Steve Ditko

Identities|

* Demogoblin
* Goblin King
* Green Goblin
* Grey Goblin
* Hobgoblin
* Jack O'Lantern
* Red Goblin

Alter egos|

* Norman Osborn
* Harry Osborn
* Bart Hamilton
* Phil Urich
* Ned Leeds
* Roderick Kingsley
* Jason Macendale
* Gabriel Stacy

Supporting|

* Liz Allan
* Cabal
* Carnage
* Commission on Superhuman Activities
* Dark Avengers
* Dark X-Men
* Doctor Doom
* Doctor Octopus
* Goblin Nation
* H.A.M.M.E.R.
* Kingpin
* Loki
* Normie Osborn
* Oscorp
* Sinister Six
* Sarah Stacy
* Mendel Stromm
* Thunderbolts
* Venom
* Eddie Brock
* Mac Gargan

Enemies|

* Avengers
* Black Cat
* Crime Master
* Doctor Octopus
* Harry Osborn
* Hobgoblin
* Ned Leeds
* Roderick Kingsley
* Jason Macendale
* Mary Jane Watson
* Mighty Avengers
* New Avengers
* Scarlet Spider
* Ben Reilly
* Kaine Parker
* S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Spider-Man
* Peter Parker
* Miles Morales
* Gwen Stacy
* Spider-Gwen
* Venom
* Eddie Brock
* Flash Thompson
* X-Men

Storylines|

* "Green Goblin Reborn!" (1971)
* "The Night Gwen Stacy Died" (1973)
* "Clone Saga" (1994–1996)
* "The Gathering of Five" (1998)
* "The Final Chapter" (1998)
* New Ways to Die (2008)
* Secret Invasion (2008–2009)
* Dark Reign (2008–2009)
* Siege (2010)
* The Goblin Nation (2014)
* Go Down Swinging (2018)

Related|

* Goblin
* Iron Patriot
* Oscorp Industries
* Green Goblin (Ultimate Marvel character)
* Monsters

In other media|

* Norman Osborn (Sam Raimi film series)
* Harry Osborn (Sam Raimi film series)

* v
* t
* e

Hawkeye

* Stan Lee
* Don Heck

Hawkeyes|

* Clint Barton
* Goliath
* Ronin
* Kate Bishop
* Barney Barton
* Bullseye
* Lady Bullseye

Affiliations|

* Avengers
* New
* Secret
* West Coast
* Young
* Cross Technological Enterprises
* Defenders
* S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Thunderbolts

Supporting characters|

* Black Widow
* Captain America
* Dominic Fortune
* Echo
* Gwen Poole
* Hulk
* Iron Man
* Jeff the Land Shark
* Jessica Jones
* Mockingbird
* Patriot
* Scarlet Witch
* Stature
* Wolverine

Enemies|

* Baron Zemo
* Bullseye
* Circus of Crime
* Crossfire
* Death-Throws
* Oddball
* Kingpin
* Lady Bullseye
* Madame Masque
* Maggia
* Moonstone
* Phantom Rider
* Silencer
* Spider-Bitch
* Swordsman
* Trick Shot

Publications|

* Solo Avengers
* Hawkeye & Mockingbird
* Widowmaker
* Hawkeye: Blindspot
* It's Jeff!

In other media|

* Marvel's Wastelanders: Hawkeye
* Hawkeye (miniseries)
* Clint Barton (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
* Kate Bishop (Marvel Cinematic Universe)

Related articles|

* The Hawkeye Initiative
* Green Arrow

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Hercules (Marvel Comics)

* Stan Lee
* Jack Kirby

Supporting characters|

* Amadeus Cho
* Apollo
* Artemis
* Athena
* Delphyne Gorgon
* Hebe
* Hermes
* Neptune
* Prometheus
* Thor
* Venus
* Zeus

Enemies|

* Amatsu-Mikaboshi
* Ares
* Femizons
* Lyra
* Thundra
* Hera
* Hecate
* Hippolyta
* Huntsman
* Minotaur
* Pluto
* Typhon

Comic books|

* The Incredible Hercules
* Chaos War

Related articles|

* Olympians
* Thor: Love and Thunder

* v
* t
* e

Howling Commandos

* Stan Lee
* Jack Kirby

Original members|

* Nick Fury
* Dum Dum Dugan
* Gabe Jones
* Rebel Ralston
* Dino Manelli
* Junior Juniper
* Pinky Pinkerton
* Eric Koenig

Other members|

* Clay Quartermain
* Frankenstein's Monster (clone version)
* Gorilla-Man
* Vampire by Night
* N'Kantu the Living Mummy
* Warwolf
* Zombie
* Man-Thing
* Glob
* Orrgo
* Hit-Monkey
* Jasper Sitwell
* Manphibian

Supporting characters|

* Happy Sam Sawyer
* Peggy Carter
* Captain America
* Shiklah
* Wolverine
* Bucky Barnes

Opponents|

* Arnim Zola
* Baron Strucker
* Baron Zemo
* Adolf Hitler
* HYDRA
* Madame Hydra (Viper)
* Merlin
* Red Skull

Publications|

| Main|

* Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos
* Shotgun Opera
* Nick Fury's Howling Commandos
* Howling Commandos of S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Mrs. Deadpool and the Howling Commandos

|

Spin-offs|

* Captain Savage and his Leatherneck Raiders
* Combat Kelly and the Deadly Dozen

Related|

* Leatherneck Raiders
* Howling Commandos (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
* Monsters

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Hulk

* Stan Lee
* Jack Kirby

Hulk family|

* Hulk / Bruce Banner
* Immortal Hulk / Devil Hulk
* Guilt Hulk
* She-Hulk / Jennifer Walters
* Skaar
* Red Hulk
* Thunderbolt Ross
* Robert Maverick
* Rick Jones / A-Bomb
* She-Hulk / Lyra
* Hiro-Kala
* Red She-Hulk / Harpy / Red Harpy / Betty Ross
* Hulk / Brawn / Amadeus Cho
* Weapon H

Supporting
characters|

* Alpha Flight
* Avengers
* Bereet
* Betty Ross
* Defenders
* Doc Samson
* Deadpool
* Elaine Banner
* Gamma Corps
* Glorian
* Jarella
* Jim Wilson
* Marlo Chandler
* Pantheon
* Rebecca Banner
* Sasquatch
* Spider-Man
* Teen Brigade
* Warbound
* Caiera
* Elloe Kaifi
* Hiroim
* Korg
* Miek
* No-Name
* X-Men

Superhero allies|

* Alpha Flight
* Avengers
* Black Widow
* Captain America
* Defenders
* Doctor Strange
* Deadpool
* Fantastic Four
* Hawkeye
* Hercules
* Iron Man
* Namor
* Nick Fury
* S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Silver Surfer
* Spider-Man
* Thor
* Valkyrie
* Wolverine
* X-Men

Enemies|

| Main enemies|

* Abomination
* Absorbing Man
* Bi-Beast
* Gargoyle
* Glenn Talbot
* Glob
* Guilt Hulk (Brian Banner)
* Juggernaut
* Leader
* Madman
* Maestro
* Red Hulk
* Thunderbolt Ross
* Rhino
* Ringmaster
* Wendigo
* Zzzax

|

Group enemies|

* A.I.M.
* Circus of Crime
* Enclave
* Femizons
* Hulkbusters
* Hydra
* Riot Squad
* Secret Empire
* Sons of the Serpent
* Soviet Super-Soldiers
* Thunderbolts
* U-Foes
* Winter Guard

Other enemies|

* Arsenal
* Constrictor
* D'Spayre
* Devastator
* Devil Hulk
* Fin Fang Foom
* Flux
* Gog
* Goldbug
* Gremlin
* Grey Gargoyle
* Guilt Hulk
* Hammer and Anvil
* It! The Living Colossus
* John Ryker
* Killer Shrike
* Klaatu
* Man-Bull
* Metal Master
* Minotaur
* Missing Link
* Mister Hyde
* MODOK
* Moonstone
* Psyklop
* Puffball Collective
* Ravage
* Shaper of Worlds
* Super-Adaptoid

Neutral rivals|

* Captain America
* Deathlok
* Doc Samson
* Femizons
* Thundra
* Giant-Man
* Hercules
* Glenn Talbot
* Hulkbuster suit (Iron Man)
* Namor
* Sabra
* Sasquatch
* Scorpion
* Thing
* Thor
* Thunderbolts
* Wolverine

Television|

| Live action|

* The Incredible Hulk (1977–1982)
* episodes
* soundtrack
* The Incredible Hulk Returns
* The Trial of the Incredible Hulk
* The Death of the Incredible Hulk
* She-Hulk: Attorney at Law

|

Animation|

* The Marvel Super Heroes (1966)
* The Incredible Hulk (1982–1983) (characters)
* The Incredible Hulk (1996–1997)
* Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. (episodes)

Films|

| Live action|

* Hulk (2003)
* The Incredible Hulk (2008)
* soundtrack

|

Animation|

* Marvel Animated Features
* Iron Man and Hulk: Heroes United
* Hulk: Where Monsters Dwell

Video games|

* Questprobe featuring The Hulk
* The Incredible Hulk (1994)
* The Pantheon Saga
* Hulk
* The Incredible Hulk (2003)
* Ultimate Destruction
* The Incredible Hulk (2008)
* Nintendo DS

Titles|

* The Incredible Hulk
* Hulk Comic
* The End
* The Manga
* Tales to Astonish
* The Rampaging Hulk
* 5 Ronin
* The Immortal Hulk
* The Incredible Hulks
* The Incredible Hulk (comic strip)

Storylines|

* "Planet Hulk"
* "World War Hulk"
* "Fall of the Hulks"
* "World War Hulks"
* "Blood Hunt"

Alternative versions|

* Maestro
* Ultimate Hulk
* Marvel Cinematic Universe
* Hulk 2099
* Tyrone Cash

Related articles|

* Hulk Hands
* The Incredible Hulk Coaster
* Hulk Classics
* Hysterical strength
* Monsters

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Inhumans

* Stan Lee
* Jack Kirby

Publications|

* Black Bolt
* Death of the Inhumans
* Inhuman
* Karnak
* The Magnificent Ms. Marvel
* Moon Girl And Devil Dinosaur

Storylines|

* Son of M
* Silent War
* Secret Invasion: Inhumans
* War of Kings
* Realm of Kings
* Infinity
* Inhumanity
* Civil War II
* Inhumans vs. X-Men

Members|

| Royal Family|

* Black Bolt
* Crystal
* Gorgon
* Karnak
* Lockjaw
* Maximus
* Medusa
* Triton

|

New Generation|

* Jolen

Other|

* Blizzard
* Inferno
* Iron Cross
* Daisy Johnson
* Lash
* Maelstrom
* Moon Girl
* Ms. Marvel
* Synapse
* Toro

Supporting
characters|

* Avengers
* Fantastic Four
* Guardians of the Galaxy
* Kree
* Marvel Boy
* Quicksilver
* Silver Surfer
* Uatu the Watcher
* X-Men

Enemies|

* Annihilus
* Blastaar
* Enclave
* Galactus
* Maximus
* Shi'ar
* Vulcan
* Skrulls
* Thanos

In other media|

* Inhumans
* premiere
* Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Moon Girl and Devil Dinosaur

* v
* t
* e

Iron Man

* Don Heck
* Stan Lee
* Larry Lieber
* Jack Kirby

Characters|

| Iron Man family|

* Iron Man
* Rescue
* War Machine
* Doctor Doom
* Ironheart

|

Supporting|

* Black Widow
* Bethany Cabe
* Captain America
* Drax the Destroyer
* Fantastic Four
* Force
* F.R.I.D.A.Y.
* Nick Fury
* Guardsman
* Maria Hill
* Happy Hogan
* Hawkeye
* Hulk
* J.A.R.V.I.S.
* Edwin Jarvis
* Pepper Potts
* Spider-Man
* Arno Stark
* Howard Stark
* Maria Stark
* Teen Abomination
* Thor
* Mary Jane Watson
* Wolverine
* X-Men
* Ho Yinsen

Teams|

* Avengers
* New
* Mighty
* Force Works
* Guardians of the Galaxy
* Illuminati
* S.H.I.E.L.D.

Antagonists|

| Main enemies|

* Black Knight
* Blizzard
* Controller
* Crimson Dynamo
* Fin Fang Foom
* Firebrand
* Ghost
* Justin Hammer
* Iron Monger
* Aldrich Killian
* Living Laser
* Madame Masque
* Mandarin
* Melter
* MODOK
* Raiders
* Spymaster
* Titanium Man
* Ultimo
* Unicorn
* Whiplash

|

Groups|

* A.I.M
* Ani-Men
* Hydra
* Maggia
* Roxxon
* Ten Rings

Other enemies|

* Arsenal
* Sunset Bain
* Beetle
* Blood Brothers
* Boomerang
* Brothers Grimm
* Chemistro
* Edwin Cord
* Count Nefaria
* Crimson Cowl
* Crusher
* Detroit Steel
* Kearson DeWitt
* Diablo
* Doctor Doom
* Dreadknight
* Firepower
* Fixer
* Flying Tiger
* Gladiator
* Grey Gargoyle
* Griffin
* Guardsman
* Kala
* Lucifer
* Magma
* Man-Bull
* Mauler
* Midas
* Nitro
* Norman Osborn
* Radioactive Man
* Scarecrow
* Shockwave
* Zeke Stane
* Morgan Stark
* Super-Adaptoid
* Sunturion
* Technovore
* Teen Abomination
* Ultron
* Unicorn
* Whirlwind
* Wong-Chu

Comic books|

* Iron Man and Sub-Mariner
* Iron Man
* Enter the Mandarin
* Infamous Iron Man
* The Invincible Iron Man
* Iron Man vs. Whiplash

Storylines|

* "Demon in a Bottle"
* "Armor Wars"
* "Extremis"
* "Civil War"
* "Civil War II"
* "Iron Man 2020"
* "Contest of Chaos"

Ultimate Marvel series|

* Ultimate Iron Man
* Ultimate Human
* Ultimate Comics: Armor Wars
* Ultimate Comics: Iron Man

In other media|

| Films|

| Marvel Cinematic Universe|

* Tony Stark / Iron Man
* Armor
* Pepper Potts
* James Rhodes
* Iron Man
* soundtrack
* Iron Man 2
* soundtrack
* Iron Man 3
* soundtrack

|

* Marvel Animated Features
* Iron Man: Rise of Technovore

Television|

* The Marvel Super Heroes
* Iron Man
* episodes
* Iron Man: Armored Adventures
* episodes
* Iron Man
* episodes
* Iron Man and His Awesome Friends

Video games|

* Iron Man and X-O Manowar in Heavy Metal
* The Invincible Iron Man
* Iron Man
* Iron Man 2
* Iron Man 3
* Iron Man VR

Attractions|

* Iron Man Experience

Alternative versions|

* Iron Man 2020
* Ultimate Iron Man

Locations|

* Stark Mansion
* Stark Tower

Armor|

* Iron Legion
* Iron Patriot

Related articles|

* Iron Lad
* Stark Industries
* Iron Man: The Armored Avenger
* War Machine in other media
* James Rhodes (Marvel Cinematic Universe)

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Ka-Zar

* Stan Lee
* Jack Kirby

Supporting characters|

* Avengers
* Black Panther
* Devil Dinosaur
* Dinah Soar
* Hiro-Kala
* Moon-Boy
* Moon Girl
* Reptil
* Shanna the She-Devil
* Skaar
* X-Men
* Zabu

Enemies|

* Belasco
* Garokk
* Gemini
* Klaw
* Kraven the Hunter
* Lorelei
* Plunderer
* Sauron
* Savage Land Mutates
* Stegron the Dinosaur Man

Related articles|

* Ka-Zar (David Rand)
* magazine
* Savage Land

* v
* t
* e

Man-Thing

* Stan Lee
* Roy Thomas
* Gerry Conway
* Gray Morrow

Supporting characters|

* Howard the Duck
* Jennifer Kale
* Richard Rory
* Dakimh the Enchanter
* Legion of Monsters
* Thunderbolts
* Wundarr the Aquarian

Enemies|

* A.I.M.
* Baron Mordo
* D'Spayre
* Foolkiller
* Glob
* Molecule Man
* Thog the Nether-Spawn

Publications|

* Adventure into Fear
* Savage Tales

In other media|

* Man-Thing
* Werewolf by Night

Related articles|

* Steve Gerber
* Swamp Thing
* Monsters

* v
* t
* e

Nick Fury

* Stan Lee
* Jack Kirby

Characters|

| Supporting|

* Nick Fury Jr.
* Mikel Fury
* Jake Fury
* Monica Chang-Fury
* Valentina Allegra de Fontaine
* Dum Dum Dugan
* Gabe Jones
* Rebel Ralston
* Junior Juniper
* Pinky Pinkerton
* Eric Koenig
* Punisher
* Happy Sam Sawyer
* Sharon Carter
* Jasper Sitwell
* Maria Hill
* Iron Man
* Captain America
* Bucky Barnes
* Black Widow
* Hawkeye
* Wolverine
* Clay Quartermain
* Falcon
* Mockingbird
* Avengers

|

Enemies|

* A.I.M.
* Baron Strucker
* Baron Zemo
* Heinrich Zemo
* Helmut Zemo
* Centurius
* Fixer
* Hate-Monger
* Hydra
* Madame Hydra
* Viper
* Mentallo
* Mitchell Carson
* Red Skull
* Scorpio
* Super-Patriot
* Werner von Strucker

Teams|

* Howling Commandos
* S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Team White

Comics|

| Ongoing|

* Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos
* Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.
* 1965 feature
* Secret Warriors
* Nick Fury's Howling Commandos
* Nick Fury

|

Miniseries
and storylines|

* Nick Fury vs. S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Fury of S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Fury/Agent 13
* Ennis
* Fury (2001)
* Fury: Peacemaker
* Fury: My War Gone By
* Avengers 1959
* Battle Scars
* "Nick Fury, Agent of Nothing"
* Original Sin
* Fury's Big Week

Graphic novels
and one-shots|

* Fury (1994)
* Fury: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary
* Wolverine/Nick Fury
* The Scorpio Connection
* Bloody Choices
* Scorpio Rising
* "Nick's World"
* Fury/Black Widow: Death Duty
* Captain America and Nick Fury: Blood Truce
* Captain America and Nick Fury: The Otherworld War
* Sgt. Fury & his Howling Commandos: Shotgun Opera
* Fury (2023)

In other media|

* Nick Fury: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Empyre
* "For Your Eye Only"
* Nick Fury (Marvel Cinematic Universe)

Related|

* Life Model Decoy
* Dirk Anger
* Jim Steranko
* Strange Tales
* Ultimate Nick Fury

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Peggy Carter

* Stan Lee
* Jack Kirby

Characters|

| Supporting|

* Captain America
* Hank Pym
* Howard Stark
* Edwin Jarvis
* Howling Commandos
* Dum Dum Dugan
* Junior Juniper
* Jim Morita
* Pinky Pinkerton
* Happy Sam Sawyer
* Sharon Carter

|

Antagonists|

* Hydra
* Doctor Faustus
* Leviathan
* Madame Masque

Publications|

* Agent Carter: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary
* Operation S.I.N.

Marvel Cinematic Universe|

| Media|

* Marvel One Shot: Agent Carter
* Marvel's Agent Carter
* characters
* season 1
* season 2

|

Characters|

* Peggy Carter
* Sharon Carter
* Daniel Sousa

* Category

* v
* t
* e

S.H.I.E.L.D.

* Stan Lee
* Jack Kirby

Characters|

| Directors|

* George W. Bridge
* Sharon Carter
* Timothy Dugan
* Nick Fury
* Maria Hill
* Daisy Johnson
* Norman Osborn
* Steve Rogers
* Tony Stark
* Rick Stoner
* Monica Chang

|

Field Agents|

* Clay Quartermain
* Victoria Hand
* Jasper Sitwell
* Al MacKenzie
* Mitch Carson
* Valentina Allegra de Fontaine
* Jessica Drew
* Clint Barton
* Natasha Romanova (Natasha Romanoff)
* Bobbi Morse
* Sam Wilson
* Jimmy Woo
* Alexander Pierce
* John Garrett
* Nick Fury Jr.

Antagonists|

* A.I.M.
* Baron Strucker
* Baron Zemo
* Crossbones
* Doctor Doom
* H.A.M.M.E.R.
* Hydra
* Leviathan
* Loki
* Maggia
* Magneto
* Masters of Evil
* Mentallo
* Mys-Tech
* Norman Osborn
* Red Skull
* Secret Empire
* Skrulls
* Ultron
* Zodiac

Affiliations|

* Avengers
* New
* Dark
* Mighty
* Secret
* Howling Commandos
* Project Livewire
* Team White (Secret Warriors)
* S.T.R.I.K.E.
* S.T.A.K.E.
* S.W.O.R.D.

Bases and facilities|

* Helicarrier
* Stark Tower
* The Vault

Technology and units|

* Cape-Killers
* Iron Patriot
* Life Model Decoy
* Mandroid
* Red Ronin
* S.H.I.E.L.D. Flying Car

Publications|

* Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.
* 1965 feature
* Nick Fury vs. S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Fury of S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Kitty Pryde, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.
* S.H.I.E.L.D.
* 2010 series
* 2014 series
* Howling Commandos of S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Agent Carter: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary
* Fury: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary
* Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.

In other media|

| Marvel Cinematic
Universe|

* Item 47
* Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
* characters
* Phil Coulson
* Leo Fitz
* Nick Fury
* Daisy Johnson
* Melinda May
* Jemma Simmons
* Daniel Sousa
* Grant Ward
* episodes
* season 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* web series
* Slingshot
* Most Wanted

|

Other|

* Nick Fury: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Empyre

Related|

* Ultimate Nick Fury
* Ultimate Captain America
* Peggy Carter
* Howard Stark

* Category

* v
* t
* e

She-Hulk

* Stan Lee
* John Buscema

Supporting
characters|

* Awesome Android
* Blonde Phantom
* Daredevil
* Doc Samson
* Hellcat
* Hulk
* Jack of Hearts
* Janet van Dyne/Wasp
* John Jameson
* Jazinda
* Lyra
* Mallory Book
* Michael Morbius
* Red She-Hulk/Betty Ross
* Hulk/Amadeus Cho
* Richard Rory
* Southpaw
* Thunderbolt Ross
* Thundra
* Wyatt Wingfoot

Teams|

* A-Force
* Avengers
* Mighty
* Defenders
* Fantastic Force
* Fantastic Four
* Femizons
* Heroes for Hire
* Lady Liberators
* S.H.I.E.L.D.

Enemies|

* Abomination
* Absorbing Man
* A.I.M.
* Champion of the Universe
* Circus of Crime
* Headmen
* Chondu the Mystic
* Gorilla-Man
* Ruby Thursday
* Leader
* Lightmaster
* Mahkizmo
* Man-Elephant
* Silencer
* Teen Abomination
* Thunderbolt Ross
* Titania
* Wrecking Crew

Television|

* The Incredible Hulk
* Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. (episodes)
* She-Hulk: Attorney at Law

* v
* t
* e

Silver Surfer

* Stan Lee
* Jack Kirby

Supporting characters|

* Adam Warlock
* Air-Walker
* Alicia Masters
* Avengers
* Beta Ray Bill
* Drax the Destroyer
* Eternals
* Fantastic Four
* Firelord
* Galactus
* Guardians of the Galaxy
* Infinity Watch
* Mantis
* Nova (Richard Rider)
* Nova (Frankie Raye)
* Pip the Troll
* Shalla-Bal
* Stardust
* Starjammers
* Thor
* Uatu the Watcher

Enemies|

* Annihilus
* Black Order
* Blastaar
* Celestials
* Carnage
* Champion of the Universe
* Collector
* Dar-Benn
* Doctor Doom
* Ego the Living Planet
* Elders of the Universe
* Galactus
* Grandmaster
* High Evolutionary
* Knull
* Korvac
* Kree
* Mephisto
* Midnight Sun
* Morg
* Nebula
* Obliterator
* Possessor
* Reptyl
* Ronan the Accuser
* Red Shift
* Skrulls
* Stranger
* Super-Skrull
* Supreme Intelligence
* Terrax
* Thanos
* Tyrant

Group affiliations|

* Annihilators
* Defenders
* Heralds of Galactus
* The Order

Titles and storylines|

* Silver Surfer (comic book)
* Annihilation
* Fantastic Four
* The Galactus Trilogy
* Heroes Reborn
* The Infinity Gauntlet
* Ultimate Fantastic Four

Other media|

* Silver Surfer (1990 video game)
* Silver Surfer (1998 animated series)
* Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (film)
* Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (video game)
* The Fantastic Four: First Steps

See also|

* Power Cosmic
* Surfing with the Alien
* The Power Cosmic

* v
* t
* e

Sinister Six

* Stan Lee
* Steve Ditko

Members|

| Original|

* Doctor Octopus
* Electro
* Kraven the Hunter
* Mysterio
* Sandman
* Vulture

|

Recurring|

* Beetle
* Chameleon
* Gog
* Green Goblin
* Norman Osborn
* Grim Reaper
* Hammerhead
* Hobgoblin
* Jason Macendale
* Hydro-Man
* Living Brain
* Lizard
* Mister Negative
* Overdrive
* Rhino
* Scorpion
* Shocker
* Speed Demon
* Swarm
* Tombstone
* Trapster
* Venom
* Eddie Brock

In other media|

* Spider-Man: Return of the Sinister Six
* Spider-Man 2: The Sinister Six
* Marvel's Spider-Man

Other|

* Spider-Man
* All Spider-Man enemies
* In other media
* Savage Six
* Sinister Syndicate
* The Superior Foes of Spider-Man
* Ultimate Six

* v
* t
* e

Skrulls

* Stan Lee
* Jack Kirby

Skrulls|

* Anelle
* Crusader / Z'Reg
* Dorrek VIII / Hulkling / Teddy Altman
* Ethan Edwards
* G'iah
* Jazinda
* John the Skrull
* Lyja
* Khn'nr
* Paibok
* Talos the Untamed
* Titannus
* Varra
* Veranke

Super-Skrulls|

* Kl'rt
* Xavin

Enemies|

* Ant-Man
* Avengers
* Black Panther
* Black Widow
* Captain America
* Carol Danvers
* Falcon
* Hawkeye
* Hulk
* Iron Man
* Quicksilver
* Scarlet Witch
* She-Hulk
* Thor
* Vision
* Wasp
* Blade
* Captain Marvel
* Daredevil
* Deadpool
* Doctor Strange
* Fantastic Four
* Mister Fantastic
* Invisible Woman
* Human Torch
* Thing
* Galactus
* Ghost Rider
* Guardians of the Galaxy
* Star-Lord
* Gamora
* Drax the Destroyer
* Rocket Raccoon
* Groot
* Illuminati
* Inhumans
* Iron Fist
* Jessica Jones
* Kree
* Ronan the Accuser
* Luke Cage
* Maria Hill
* Mockingbird
* Moon Knight
* New Warriors
* Nick Fury
* Norman Osborn
* Nova
* Punisher
* Runaways
* S.H.I.E.L.D.
* Shi'ar
* Silver Surfer
* Spider-Man
* Spider-Woman
* Symbiote
* Venom
* War Machine
* Winter Soldier
* X-Men
* Angel
* Beast
* Betsy Braddock
* Colossus
* Cyclops
* Gambit
* Iceman
* Jubilee
* Kitty Pryde
* Nightcrawler
* Phoenix
* Professor X
* Rogue
* Storm
* Wolverine
* Young Avengers

Storylines|

* Kree–Skrull War
* Annihilation
* Secret Invasion
* Empyre

In other media|

* Captain Marvel
* Secret Invasion

Related articles|

* Chitauri
* Deviant
* Dire Wraith
* Shaper of Worlds
* Skrull Kill Krew

* v
* t
* e

Spider-Man

* Stan Lee
* Steve Ditko

Characters|

* Peter Parker
* Ben Reilly
* Miguel O'Hara
* Miles Morales
* Otto Octavius
* Supporting characters
* Enemies
* Alternative versions of Spider-Man
* Incarnations of Spider-Man

Features and locations|

* Daily Bugle
* Oscorp
* Life Foundation
* Parker Industries
* Ravencroft
* Alchemax

Comic books|

* The Amazing Spider-Man
* Storylines
* Collected editions

Other media|

* In film
* In television
* In video games
* Marvel's Spider-Man
* In novels
* In literature‎

Toys|

* The Amazing Spider-Man (pinball)
* Spider-Man (pinball)
* Spider-Man Classics
* Spider-Man and Friends
* Lego Spider-Man

See also|

* Bibliography of works on Spider-Man
* "With great power comes great responsibility"

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Thor (Marvel Comics)

* Stan Lee
* Larry Lieber
* Jack Kirby

Supporting
characters|

* Angela
* Avengers
* Uncanny
* Balder the Brave
* Beta Ray Bill
* Captain America
* Eitri
* Fantastic Four
* Freya
* Frigga
* Guardians of the Galaxy
* Heimdall
* Hugin and Munin
* Hulk
* Hrimhari
* Iron Man
* Kelda
* Jane Foster
* Marvel Cinematic Universe
* Loki
* Marvel Cinematic Universe
* Odin
* Olympians
* Hercules
* Zeus
* Sif
* Spider-Man
* Thor Girl
* Thunderstrike
* Tyr
* Valkyrior
* Valkyrie
* Warriors Three
* Fandral
* Hogun
* Volstagg
* Wolverine
* X-Men

Antagonists|

* Absorbing Man
* Amatsu-Mikaboshi
* Ares
* Bloodaxe
* Cobra
* Desak
* Destroyer
* Ego the Living Planet
* Enchanters Three
* Enchantress
* Executioner
* Firelord
* Gorr the God Butcher
* Grey Gargoyle
* Hela
* Laufey
* Loki
* Lorelei
* Malekith the Accursed
* Man-Beast
* Mangog
* Midgard Serpent
* Minotaur
* Mister Hyde
* Mongoose
* Radioactive Man
* Ragnarok
* Serpent
* Surtur
* Ulik
* Wrecking Crew
* Bulldozer
* Piledriver
* Thunderball
* Wrecker
* Ymir
* Zarrko

Items|

* Mjolnir and Stormbreaker

Bibliography|

* Journey into Mystery
* Thor: Blood Oath
* Thor: Son of Asgard
* Thor: Vikings
* Ultimate Comics: Thor
* War of the Realms
* The Immortal Thor

In other media|

| Television|

* The Marvel Super Heroes
* The Incredible Hulk Returns

|

Film|

* Marvel Animated Features
* Thor
* soundtrack
* Thor: The Dark World
* soundtrack
* Team Thor
* Thor: Ragnarok
* soundtrack
* Thor: Love and Thunder
* soundtrack

Video games|

* Thor: God of Thunder
* Thor: Son of Asgard

Motion comic|

* Thor & Loki: Blood Brothers

Alternative versions|

* Magni
* Thor (Ultimate Marvel)
* Marvel Cinematic Universe
* Thor
* Jane Foster
* Loki

Related|

* Thor in Norse mythology
* Thor in comics
* Asgardians of the Galaxy
* Asgard
* Dwarves
* Elves
* Time Variance Authority

* Category

* v
* t
* e

X-Men

* Members
* Enemies
* Titles
* Creators
* Stan Lee
* Jack Kirby

Founding members|

* Beast
* Cyclops
* Iceman
* Jean Grey
* Professor X
* Warren Worthington III

Recruits|

* Armor
* Aurora
* Banshee
* Betsy Braddock
* Bishop
* Blink
* Boom-Boom
* Cable
* Cannonball
* Cecilia Reyes
* Chamber
* Changeling
* Cloak and Dagger
* Colossus
* Cypher
* Darwin
* Dazzler
* Doctor Nemesis
* Domino
* Firestar
* Forge
* ForgetMeNot
* Frenzy
* Gambit
* Gentle
* Havok
* Hepzibah
* Honey Badger
* Hope Summers
* Husk
* John Proudstar
* Jubilee
* Juggernaut
* Kamala Khan
* Karma
* Kitty Pryde
* Kid Omega
* Kwannon
* Lady Mastermind
* Laura Kinney
* Legion
* Lifeguard
* Lockheed
* Longshot
* Madison Jeffries
* Maggott
* Magik
* Magma
* Magneto
* Marrow
* Mimic
* Mirage
* Monet St. Croix
* Multiple Man
* Mystique
* Namor
* Neal Shaara
* Nightcrawler
* Northstar
* Old Man Logan
* Omega Sentinel
* Pixie
* Polaris
* Prodigy
* Pyro
* Rachel Summers
* Rogue
* Sabretooth
* Sage
* Slipstream
* Stacy X
* Storm
* Sunfire
* Sunspot
* Sway
* Synch
* Temper
* Trinary
* Vulcan
* Warlock
* Warpath
* White Queen
* Wolfsbane
* Wolverine
* X-Man
* Xorn

Locations|

* Avalon
* District X
* Genosha
* Krakoa
* Madripoor
* Savage Land
* X-Mansion

Equipment and
technology|

* Blackbird
* Cerebro
* Danger Room

Comic books|

* Flagship titles
* All-New X-Men
* Amazing X-Men
* Astonishing X-Men
* Extraordinary X-Men
* New X-Men (2001 series)
* Uncanny X-Men
* X-Men
* X-Men Gold
* X-Men Blue
* X-Men Red
* X-Men: Legacy
* Others
* Limited series and one-shots

Other media|

* Film series
* In television
* Planet X
* Storm Force Accelatron
* In video games
* Toys

Miscellaneous|

* Krakoan Age
* Legacy Virus
* Morlocks
* Mutants
* Mutant Registration Act
* Omega-level mutants
* Phoenix Force
* Shi'ar
* Technarchy
* X-Babies
* X-Men '92

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Marvel Comics

* The Walt Disney Company since 2009
* Disney Publishing Worldwide

Publications|

* Comics A
* Comics B–C
* Comics D–E
* Comics F–G
* Comics H–L
* Comics M
* Comics N–R
* Comics S
* Comics T–V
* Comics W–Z
* Timely and Atlas comics
* Current comics

Universe|

* Marvel Universe
* Multiverse
* Characters
* Crossovers
* Superhero debuts
* Teams and organizations
* Criminal organizations
* First appearances
* Features
* Alien races
* Monsters
* Marvel Index
* Official Handbook

Lines and imprints|

| Current|

* Marvel Press
* Disney joint
* Marvel Unlimited
* Ultimate Universe

|

Defunct|

* Amalgam
* DC Comics joint
* CrossGen
* Disney property
* Epic
* Icon
* Infinite
* Marvel 2099
* Marvel Absurd
* Marvel Adventures/Marvel Age
* Marvel Books
* Marvel Comics 2
* Marvel CyberComics
* Marvel Edge
* Marvel Graphic Novel
* Marvel Illustrated
* Marvel Knights
* Marvel Mangaverse
* Marvel Music (original)
* Marvel Next
* Marvel Noir
* Marvel UK
* MAX
* New Universe
* Paramount
* Razorline
* Star
* The End
* Tsunami
* Ultimate Marvel

Reprints|

* Marvel Epic Collections
* Marvel Omnibus
* Marvel oversized hardcover
* Marvel Gallery Editions
* Marvel Premier Collection
* Spider-Man collected editions
* Daredevil collected editions
* Marvel Masterworks
* Marvel Complete Collections
* Marvel Premiere Classic
* Essential Marvel

Predecessors|

* Timely Comics
* Magazine Management
* 1970s
* Atlas Comics
* Acquired characters
* Malibu Comics
* Aircel Comics
* Eternity Comics
* Adventure Publications

Editors-in-chief /
executive editors|

* Joe Simon
* Stan Lee
* Vincent Fago
* Roy Thomas
* Len Wein
* Marv Wolfman
* Gerry Conway
* Archie Goodwin
* Jim Shooter
* Tom DeFalco
* Bob Harras
* Joe Quesada
* Axel Alonso
* C. B. Cebulski

Adaptations|

* Novels
* Films
* Television series
* Video games
* Role-playing games
* Unproduced adaptations
* films
* imprint films
* television

Related|

* Marvel Comics rating system
* Marvel No-Prize
* Marvel Super Hero Island
* People
* Funnies Inc.
* Kimble v. Marvel
* Walt Disney Studios
* Marvel Studios
* Marvel Entertainment

* Category

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* 2
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Japan
* Italy
* Australia
* 2
* Czech Republic
* Russia
* Spain
* Portugal
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Latvia
* Croatia
* Chile
* Korea
* Sweden
* Poland
* Israel
* Catalonia
* Belgium

Academics|

* CiNii

Artists|

* ULAN
* MusicBrainz
* RKD Artists
* Photographers' Identities
* Emmy Awards

People|

* Trove
* 2
* Deutsche Synchronkartei
* DDB

Other|

* IdRef
* SNAC
* Yale LUX

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