Stanisław Lem and robots

A mural by Filip Kużniarz in Kraków

Robotic life is a frequent topic in the works of Stanisław Lem. Lem's robots are most prominently featured in his two closely related and partly overlapping cycles, Fables for Robots and The Cyberiad.

## Fabular robots

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Fables for Robots is a series of satirical fairy tales set in a universe populated entirely by robots, with robot kings, robot peasants, robot knights, and robot scientists; a robot damsel in distress is pestered by a robot dragon, robot dogs have robot fleas, etc.[1] The series The Cyberiad belongs to the same grotesque cross-genre of fairy tale and science fiction. Its main protagonists are robots-"constructors" Trurl and Klapaucius, who are something of both sorcerers and engineers.[2]

The images of grotesque, absurd fabular robots of Lem are created by Polish illustrator Daniel Mróz.

## "Realistic" robots

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Robots of different kind are major characters in several stories from Lem's Tales of Pirx the Pilot cycle, as well as in some occasional stories, such as The Mask. [3][2] In the afterword to the Tales of Pirx the Pilot, Jerzy Jarzębski makes a paradoxical observation: any infusion of "humanness" into a robot leads to its demise. In '"The Accident" the robot falls from a mountain to a crash apparently behaving as an mountaineer trying to prove himself. In The Hunt the hunted robot gets itself killed because it apparently tries to protect Pirx seeing him as its ally against the hunters who shoot (by an error) at Pirx.[4] The Mask is even more multifaceted in this respect. In "Terminus" a repair robot gets somehow imprinted with the messages exchanged by a suffocating crew of the crashed spaceship and behaves as if it has a PTSD. Pirx tries to rationalize robot's behavior, but being unable to overcome his eerie feelings, he eventually decides to scrap it, despite the fact that the robot still correctly carries out its repairer duties.[3] In the story "The Inquest" the android pilot, otherwise a perfect machine, acquires a truly humane pride and vanity, and attempts to make an "optimal" decision to show its superiority over humans.[5]

An ultimate evolution of military robotics is described in the novel The Invincible, where a human crew is defeated by a swarm of microrobots evolved by natural selection in the course of wars waged by robots. The idea was pursued by Lem further in his fictitious review "Weapon Systems of the Twenty First Century or The Upside-down Evolution".[6]

## Bibliography

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* "The Hunt" (1950s Stanisław Lem short story)
* "Faithful Robot", (1961), a comedy/mystery/drama science fiction TV play
* In the 1963 short story "Tragedia pralnicza" ("Washer Tragedy") from the memoirs of Ijon Tichy (Ze wspomnień Ijona Tichego), a rat race of the competition among washing machine manufacturers, Nuddlegg and Snodgrass corporations construct progressively smarter washer robots, which gradually acquire wider and wider legal rights as intelligent entities, [7] which leads to all kinds of legal perplexities.[8]

* The Invincible (1964)
* "The Sanatorium of Dr. Vliperdius" ["Zakład doktora Vliperdiusa"] (1964, translated into English in the collection Mortal Engines), about a mental asylum for robots
* A fabular universe of robots
* Fables for Robots (1964)
* The Cyberiad (1965)
* "The Mask"
* From the Tales of Pirx the Pilot:
* "The Accident"
* "The Inquest"; for plot summary, see Inquest of Pilot Pirx, a 1978 film
* "Terminus"
* "The Hunt" (different from the 1950s story)

Lem also wrote about intelligent machines other than robots

* Golem XIV, a lecture course given by a superintelligent computer
* Summa Technologiae (1964), a book-length essay contains Chapter 4: "Intellectronics", a term coined by Lem to speculate on the field that is known today as artificial intelligence.

## In popular culture

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A mural in Kraków depicts a typical grotesque fabular robot, with a quotation from Dialogs: "Eventually the humans will dwarf down to the level of brainless servants of iron geniuses and may be even start to worship them as Gods". The mural was created by Filip Kużniarz in 2012. [9]

An elaborate interactive robot-themed Google Doodle inspired by the illustrations of Daniel Mróz of The Cyberiad was created for the 60th anniversary of Lem's first published book: The Astronauts.[10][11][12][13]

## References

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1. ^ An introduction to the 1992 edition of the Mortal Engines (ISBN 0156621614), a collection of translations, whose bulk consisting of Lem's Fables...
2. ^ a b Jerzy Jarzębski, "Stanisław Lem, Rationalist and Visionary", Science Fiction Studies, vil. 4, part 2, issue 12, 1977, pp.110–125
3. ^ a b Dominika Oramus, "The Uncanny Robots of Pilot Pirx: Stanisław Lem's Tales", Interlitteraria, vol. 21, no. 1, 2016, 143-157, doi:10.12697/IL.2016.21.1.12
4. ^ Jerzy Jarzębski, "Pirx i sekrety człowieczeństwa" ("Pirx and the Secrets of Humanness")
5. ^ Jerzy Jarzębski, PIRX I SEKRETY CZŁOWIECZEŃSTWA, an afterword to Opowieści o pilocie Pirxie
6. ^ "CAŁY TEN ZŁOM" an afterword to The Invincible by Jerzy Jarzębski
7. ^ "Tragedia pralnicza", at Lem's official website
8. ^ "Stanisław Lem - Mensch, Denker, Schriftsteller : Beiträge einer deutsch-polnischen Konferenz im Jahr 2000 in Greifswald und Szczecin", 2005, ISBN 3447051477, p.121
9. ^ "Kraków’s Street Art: A Walk Through History, Creativity & Profound Thought", culture.pl, September 12, 2018
10. ^ "Stanisław Lem on Google’s homepage", an interview of Lem doodle creators, Marcin Wichary and Sophia Foster-Dimino
11. ^ "Case Study: Building the Stanisław Lem Google doodle", by Marcin Wichary, one of the LEM doodle developers
12. ^ "Stanisław Lem doodle". Retrieved 2013-09-13.
13. ^ "Google creates doodle in Stanislaw Lem's book". The Guardian. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2011.

## Further reading

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* Jo Alyson Parker, "Gendering the Robot: Stanislaw Lem’s 'The Mask' ", Science Fiction Studies, No. 57, Volume 19, Part 2, July 1992
* John Rothfork, "The Ghost in the Machine: The Concept of Self in Stanislaw Lem's Mortal Engines", Liberal and Fine Arts Review, vol. 4, no.1, 1984, pp. 1-18

* v
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Works by Stanisław Lem

Novels|

* The Man from Mars (1946)
* Time Not Lost
* Hospital of the Transfiguration (1948)
* The Astronauts (1951)
* The Magellanic Cloud (1955)
* The Investigation (1959)
* Eden (1959)
* Return from the Stars (1961)
* Solaris (1961)
* Memoirs Found in a Bathtub (1961)
* The Invincible (1964)
* Highcastle (1966)
* His Master's Voice (1968)
* The Futurological Congress (1971)
* Professor A. Dońda (1973)
* The Chain of Chance (1975)
* Golem XIV (1981)
* Observation on the Spot (1982)
* Fiasco (1986)
* Peace on Earth (1987)

Short stories|

* "End of the World at Eight O'Clock" (1947)
* The Star Diaries (1957)
* "The Hunt " (1950s)
* "Terminus" (1961)
* "Lymphater's Formula" (1961)
* Fables for Robots (1964)
* The Cyberiad (1965)
* Tales of Pirx the Pilot (1966)
* "The Mask" (1974)

Major essays|

* Dialogs (1957)
* Summa Technologiae (1964)
* The Philosophy of Chance (1968)
* Science Fiction and Futurology (1970)
* Microworlds (1984)

Pseudepigraphy|

* A Perfect Vacuum (1971)
* Imaginary Magnitude (1973)
* One Human Minute (1986)

Plays|

* Korzenie (1940s)
* Do You Exist, Mr. Jones? (1955)
* Faithful Robot (1961)

Adaptations|

| Films|

* The Silent Star (1960)
* Voyage to the End of the Universe (1963)
* Solaris (1968)
* Roly Poly (1968)
* Solaris (1972)
* Hospital of the Transfiguration (1978)
* Inquest of Pilot Pirx (1979)
* Victim of the Brain (1988)
* Solaris (2002)
* 1 (2009)
* Maska (2010)
* The Congress (2013)
* His Master's Voice (2018)

|

TV|

* The Adventures of Pirx (1973)
* Ijon Tichy: Space Pilot (2007)
* Fear of a Bot Planet (1999)
* End of the World at Eight O'Clock (2015)

Other|

* Cyberiada (opera)
* Solaris (2019 play)
* The Invincible (video game) (2023)

Characters|

* Ijon Tichy
* Pilot Pirx
* Professor Tarantoga
* Mad scientists
* A. Dońda, A. Lymphater
* Lem's robots
* Trurl and Klapaucius, Terminus

Lemology|

| People|

* Stanisław Bereś
* Konstantin Dushenko
* Michael Kandel
* Daniel Mróz
* Wojciech Orliński
* Franz Rottensteiner
* Peter Swirski

|

Works|

* A Stanislaw Lem Reader
* Correspondence of Lem
* Rozmowy ze Stanisławem Lemem

Other|

* Honors bestowed on Lem
* Neologisms of Stanisław Lem
* Sepulka
* Lem's Law
* Works about Lem
* Year of Lem

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