Stars and Stripes Forever (film)

1952 American biographical film directed by Henry Koster

Stars and Stripes Forever

Theatrical release poster

Directed by| Henry Koster
Screenplay by| Lamar Trotti
Story by| Ernest Vajda
Based on| Marching Along
by John Philip Sousa
Produced by| Lamar Trotti
Starring| Clifton Webb
Debra Paget
Robert Wagner
Ruth Hussey
Narrated by| Casey Adams
Cinematography| Charles G. Clarke
Edited by| James B. Clark
Music by| Leo Arnaud
Alfred Newman
Distributed by| 20th Century Fox

Release date

* December 22, 1952 (1952-12-22)

Running time

| 90 minutes
Country| United States
Language| English
Box office| $3 million (US rentals)[1]

Stars and Stripes Forever is a 1952 American Technicolor film biography of the late-19th-/early-20th-century composer and band leader John Philip Sousa. This 20th Century Fox feature was produced by Lamar Trotti, directed by Henry Koster, and stars Clifton Webb, Debra Paget, Robert Wagner, and Ruth Hussey. The film's title is taken from Sousa's "The Stars and Stripes Forever", which has become the best known of his military marches.[2] The film was released twenty years after Sousa's death.

While the film's storyline is loosely based on Sousa's autobiography Marching Along, the film takes considerable liberties and dramatic license, often expanding and examining themes and passages from Sousa's book. Two examples: In the film, Private Willie Little (Robert Wagner), is credited with inventing the Sousaphone and naming it after his mentor, but in reality, James Welsh Pepper designed the instrument at Sousa's request. The inspiration for the film's title march is depicted in a scene with a voice over by Webb quoting Sousa's actual description of its creation while he was aboard ship recovering from typhoid fever. Having learned of the sudden death of his band's manager, Sousa and his wife canceled their European vacation and were returning to the U.S. by steamship when the march came to him.

## Plot

[edit]

In the 1890s, Sergeant Major John Philip Sousa, the United States Marine Band director, leaves the Marine Corps after his enlistment expires to form his own band. He must do so because he is not paid enough by the Corps to provide for his wife Jennie (Ruth Hussey) and their three children. As a favor for his splendid service, he can take along Private Willie Little (Robert Wagner), who has invented and played a new instrument, the "Sousaphone".

Willie persuades Sousa to go to a "concert" where some of Sousa's songs will be performed. In fact, it is a rowdy music hall, where Willie's girlfriend, Lily Becker (Debra Paget), is one of the performers. When the police raid the place for indecency (by 1890s standards), the trio barely manage to get away. Willie and Lily immediately begin to fit in, eventually becoming an extension of the Sousa family.

Sousa forms his band and selects only the finest musicians worldwide. He firmly discourages the married men in the band from bringing their wives along on tour. However, Willie and Lily are deeply in love, secretly married and tour together in the new band. Late one night, Sousa is shocked when he spots Willie sneaking into Lily's train compartment. Sousa's wife has to let him in on their secret.

Sousa's contract to perform at the Atlanta, Georgia Cotton States and International Exposition in 1895 is canceled by Colonel Randolph (Finlay Currie) because both previous bands proved to be unpopular at the exposition. Sousa heads south anyway. His musicians strike up "Dixie" as the band marches onto the exposition grounds, putting the large crowd in a jubilant, receptive mood. The playlist for Sousa's twice-daily concerts is announced, and it includes "Dixie", to be played as often as possible and for all encores. Sousa and his band are heartily welcomed to the Atlanta exposition. Sousa then surprises the otherwise all-white audience by introducing a black choral group called the Stone Mountain Church Choir of Atlanta, to sing the Battle Hymn of the Republic.

Sousa and his band tour the world, and he is honored with medals by the crowned heads of Europe. When the USS Maine is sunk by an explosion in Havana harbor, precipitating the Spanish–American War, both Willie and Sousa reenlist in the Marine Corps. However, Sousa is kept out of the actual fighting and instead is forced to go on a sea voyage to recover from a bout of typhoid fever. At sea, he begins a new march inspired by the war.

During the rehearsal of Sousa's new operetta El Capitan, starring Lily, the Sousas receive a letter from Willie in Cuba in which he reveals he was wounded in the knee (his lower left leg is later amputated). Following the end of the war, Willie returns home and recuperates at the Brooklyn Navy Yard Hospital. Willie and Lily attend a small weekly concert held at the hospital. As a surprise, the curtain opens and Sousa and his 50-piece band are revealed. Sousa calls upon Willie to rejoin them on his Sousaphone in a concert for the wounded veterans, their families, and the medical staff. Sousa announces that he has written a new march for all the veterans of the war and that this performance will be its debut.

The band launches into the film's title march, as we move forward in time to the present day. Battalions of uniformed U.S. Marines march in formation to the martial music. In modern Washington D.C., the ghostly spirit of Sousa leads the United States Marine Band while they perform "The Stars and Stripes Forever" to its rousing conclusion.

## Cast

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* Clifton Webb as John Philip Sousa
* Debra Paget as Lily Becker
* Robert Wagner as Willie Little
* Ruth Hussey as Jennie Sousa
* Finlay Currie as Col. Randolph, on Atlanta fairgrounds
* Roy Roberts as Maj. Houston, Sousa's commanding officer
* Thomas Browne Henry as David Blakely, Sousa's business manager
* Lester Matthews as Mr. Pickering
* Maudie Prickett as Maid
* Walter Woolf King as President Harrison's aide
* Romo Vincent as Lily's vocal coach
* Paul Maxey as Sousa's publisher
* Richard Garrick as Secretary of the Navy
* Erne Verebes as organ grinder
* Roy Gordon as Benjamin Harrison
* Florence Shirley as Navy nurse
* Heinie Conklin as smiling spectator in Atlanta
* Blue Washington as spectator
* Casey Adams as Narrator (uncredited)

## Production and reception

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Twentieth Century-Fox first announced the production in December 1942, as a patriotic musical for wartime audiences.[3] It was postponed because there were delays in gathering all the original Sousa arrangements and scores. The film finally went into production in April 1952, too late to be completed in time for Fourth of July playdates in theaters, so it was scheduled as Fox's Christmas release in December 1952. Fox did not consider waiting until the following summer, because its new, widescreen CinemaScope process was about to be unveiled. Stars and Stripes Forever became the last of the studio's major musicals filmed in the traditional, full-screen format.

The film was well received by critics and audiences. Film Bulletin reported: "This lively and ingratiating biography of John Philip Sousa... is the kind of movie that will send patrons marching to theatre boxoffices everywhere. Stars and Stripes Forever is not a serious biography, just a good-natured sketch of the March King's career, but it loaded with human interest and humorous incidents that should capture the imagination of audiences, as did Sousa himself."[4] Bosley Crowther, film critic for The New York Times, wrote that "This big, brassy Technicolored picture ... is, in substance, a rambling review of the musical triumphs of the famous bandmaster, whom Clifton Webb regally plays. And as such, it is much more rewarding in its thumpings and boomings of a rousing band than it is in its illuminations of personalities or plot".[5]

## Music

[edit]

The "Presidential Polonaise", a Sousa composition, may be heard during the White House scene in which the President is hounded by a senator about a postmaster appointment. President Benjamin Harrison sends a request for a more lively piece of music in order to speed up the reception line, and Sousa and his band strike up "Semper Fidelis". Both pieces were specifically written by Sousa for White House functions: the "Presidential Polonaise" for indoor events, "Semper Fidelis" for outdoor functions.

During the "El Capitan" rehearsal, while Sousa reads of Willie's being wounded in action, two rarely heard lyrics can be heard: one to the "El Capitan" march, and a Sousa ballad.

In reality, "The Stars and Stripes Forever" was first played publicly at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia on May 14, 1897, much earlier than the hospital concert depicted at the conclusion of the film. Ninety years later, by a 1987 act of the U.S. Congress, it was made the official National March of the United States of America.[2]

During the overture, which is played over the title credits, there are excerpts from many Sousa marches. The drum solo is a shortened version of the "Semper Fidelis" solo.

## Home media

[edit]

Stars and Stripes Forever was released in 2011 on a combo Blu-ray and DVD 2-disc set from 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. It also contains two documentaries, "From Our National March to the Silver Screen" and "John Philip Sousa's Contribution to American Music". Also included: the original theatrical trailer and selections from the film's pressbook, advertising, and still photo galleries.

## References

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1. ^ Aubrey Solomon, Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History, Scarecrow Press, 1989 p224
2. ^ a b "36 U.S. Code § 304 - National march". United States Code. United States: Cornell Law School. August 12, 1998. Retrieved November 2, 2006. "The composition by John Philip Sousa entitled 'The Stars and Stripes Forever' is the national march."
3. ^ Scott MacGillivray, Laurel & Hardy: From the Forties Forward, Second Edition, iUniverse, 2009, p. 129. ISBN 978-1-4401-7239-7.
4. ^ Film Bulletin, Dec. 1, 1952, p. 17.
5. ^ Bosley Crowther (December 23, 1952). "The Screen In Review; ' Stars and Stripes Forever' Makes Refurbished Roxy Echo to Sousa Marches". The New York Times.

## External links

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* Stars and Stripes Forever at IMDb
* Stars and Stripes Forever at the TCM Movie Database
* Stars and Stripes Forever at AllMovie

* v
* t
* e

Films directed by Henry Koster

* Thea Roland (1932)
* Das häßliche Mädchen (1933)
* Peter (1934)
* Little Mother (1935)
* The Cross-Patch (1935)
* The Homely Girl (1935)
* The Affairs of Maupassant (1936)
* Catherine the Last (1936)
* Three Smart Girls (1936)
* One Hundred Men and a Girl (1937)
* The Rage of Paris (1938)
* Three Smart Girls Grow Up (1939)
* First Love (1939)
* Spring Parade (1940)
* It Started with Eve (1941)
* Between Us Girls (1942)
* Music for Millions (1944)
* Two Sisters from Boston (1946)
* The Unfinished Dance (1947)
* The Bishop's Wife (1947)
* The Luck of the Irish (1948)
* Come to the Stable (1949)
* The Inspector General (1949)
* Wabash Avenue (1950)
* My Blue Heaven (1950)
* Harvey (1950)
* No Highway in the Sky (1951)
* Mr. Belvedere Rings the Bell (1951)
* Elopement (1951)
* Stars and Stripes Forever (1952)
* My Cousin Rachel (1952)
* The Robe (1953)
* Désirée (1954)
* A Man Called Peter (1955)
* The Virgin Queen (1955)
* Good Morning, Miss Dove (1955)
* D-Day the Sixth of June (1956)
* The Power and the Prize (1956)
* My Man Godfrey (1957)
* Fräulein (1958)
* The Naked Maja (1958)
* The Story of Ruth (1960)
* Flower Drum Song (1961)
* Mr. Hobbs Takes a Vacation (1962)
* Take Her, She's Mine (1963)
* Dear Brigitte (1965)
* The Singing Nun (1966)

* v
* t
* e

John Philip Sousa

* List of compositions
* List of marches
* List of operettas

Marches|

* "Anchor and Star"
* "The Black Horse Troop"
* "Boy Scouts of America"
* "Columbia's Pride"
* "The Dauntless Battalion"
* "The Fairest of the Fair"
* "The Gallant Seventh"
* "The Gladiator March"
* "Hands Across the Sea"
* "The High School Cadets"
* "Imperial Edward"
* "The Invincible Eagle"
* "Kansas Wildcats"
* "King Cotton"
* "The Liberty Bell"
* "Manhattan Beach"
* "The Minnesota March"
* "Nobles of the Mystic Shrine"
* "The Royal Welch Fusiliers"
* "Semper Fidelis"
* "The Stars and Stripes Forever"
* "The Thunderer"
* "Transit of Venus March"
* "U.S. Field Artillery March"
* "The Washington Post"

Operettas|

* Chris and the Wonderful Lamp
* Désirée
* El Capitan
* The Charlatan

Adaptations|

* "The Army Goes Rolling Along"
* Stars and Stripes
* Stars and Stripes Forever

Other|

* John Philip Sousa House
* John Philip Sousa Baton

Honoraria|

* Armed Forces March Competition
* John Philip Sousa Bridge
* John Philip Sousa Foundation
* John Philip Sousa Junior High School (Bronx)
* John Philip Sousa Junior High School

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