State Intelligence Services (The Gambia)

Intelligence agency of the Gambia

For other uses, see State Intelligence Service.

The State Intelligence Services (SIS), formerly the National Intelligence Agency (NIA), is the intelligence agency of the Gambia. It was founded following the 1994 military coup d'état by the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council (APRFC), which was led by Yahya Jammeh.[1] Its current head is Ousman Sowe.[2]

## History

[edit]

The National Intelligence Agency (NIA) was founded in 1995 by Decree no. 45 issued by the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council (AFPRC). The AFPRC had come to power under the leadership of Yahya Jammeh in a 1994 military coup. It was set up to replace the National Security Service of Dawda Jawara's government. Initially, its purpose was to combat threats from dissidents within the armed forces itself. However, its role was quickly expanded to meet both real and perceived challenges from civilian critics and opponents. Despite the transition to a civilian government in 1996, the original military decree was retained, allowing the NIA to operate outside the correct legal framework. The NIA also gained a "feared reputation for harassment of the political opposition and news media critics of the government".[3]

NIA operatives were accused of being involved in the alleged 21 March 2006 coup d'état attempt against Jammeh's regime.[3]

Many reports that NIA operatives used torture have been made. A former NIA operative, who spoke to Human Rights Watch on the condition of anonymity, said that "I’d seen bad things before, but suddenly I was seeing real torture. One woman was beaten so badly she wet herself in fear. I can still remember her screams." He said that during his time at the NIA, he witnessed arbitrary arrests, torture, and enforced disappearances.[4] In 2016, NIA operatives detained Solo Sandeng, a Gambian political activist, and beat him to death in custody. Nine members of the agency, including its former head, were put on trial the following year for Sandeng's death after his remains, among others, were discovered.[5][6]

The NIA reportedly maintained a small jail inside its headquarters, known as the bambadinka (crocodile hole), where dissidents were tortured.[2]

On 31 January 2017, the newly elected President Adama Barrow announced that the name of the NIA would be changed to the State Intelligence Services (SIS).[7] It was announced the next day that former NIA Deputy Director, Musa Dibba, was appointed as the new Director of the SIS.[8]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Europa Publications. 2003. p. 456\. ISBN 1-85743-183-9. "In that month the AFPRC established a new police organization, the National Intelligence Agency (NIA), which was given wide powers of surveillance and arrest, and in August the restoration of the death penalty (abolished in 1993) was attributed to an increase in the incidence of murder."
2. ^ a b "The Gambia's once-ruthless intelligence agency is opening up". The Economist. January 10, 2018. Archived from the original on January 11, 2018.
3. ^ a b Hughes, Arnold; Perfect, David (2008). Historical Dictionary of the Gambia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. pp. 42, 155–156\. Archived from the original on 2017-02-25.
4. ^ Hancock, Stephanie (16 September 2015). "Witness: Gambia's Intelligence Agent-turned-Defector Speaks Out". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
5. ^ "In The NIA 9 Trial: 'Solo Was Tied With A Rope',Witness". Foroyaa Newspaper. 2018-02-08. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
6. ^ "Remains of opposition activist Solo Sandeng exhumed". Al Jazeera. 2017-03-09. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
7. ^ "NIA renamed to State Intelligence Services". Foroyaa. 1 February 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-02-01. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
8. ^ Phatey, Sam (1 February 2017). "Former NIA Deputy Director is now state intelligence chief". SMBC News. Retrieved 3 February 2017.

* v
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National intelligence agencies

Foreign
intelligence|

* Afghanistan: GDI
* Albania: SHISH
* Algeria: DRS
* Angola: SIE
* Argentina: SIDE
* Armenia: NSS
* Austria: HNaA
* Australia: ASIS
* Azerbaijan: XKX
* Bahrain: NSA
* Bangladesh: NSI
* Belarus: KGB RB
* Belgium: ADIV/SGRS
* Bosnia and Herzegovina: OSA-OBA
* Botswana: DIS
* Brazil: ABIN
* Brunei: BRD
* Bulgaria: DAR
* Cameroon: BMM
* Canada: CSIS
* Chad: ANS
* Chile: ANI
* China: MSS
* Congo (Democratic Republic of): ANR
* Croatia: SOA
* Cuba: DI
* Czech Republic: ÚZSI
* Denmark: FE
* Djibouti: BSRG
* Ecuador: SENAIN
* Egypt: Mukhabarat
* Estonia: EFIS
* Ethiopia: NISS
* Finland: Supo
* France: DGSE
* Gambia: SIS
* Georgia: GIS
* Germany: BND
* Ghana: BNI, BGU, RDU
* Greece: EYP
* Hungary: IH
* India: RAW
* Indonesia: BIN
* Iran: VAJA
* Iraq: INIS
* Ireland: G2
* Israel: Mossad
* Italy: AISE
* Ivory Coast: NSC
* Japan: CIRO
* Jordan: GID
* Kazakhstan: Syrbar
* Kenya: NIS
* Kyrgyzstan: UKMK
* Kuwait: KSS
* Latvia: SAB
* Liberia: NSA
* Lithuania: VSD
* Lebanon: GDGS
* Libya: MJ
* Malaysia: MEIO
* Mexico: CISEN
* Moldova: SIS
* Mongolia: GIA
* Montenegro: ANB
* Morocco: DGED
* Mozambique: SISE
* Netherlands: AIVD
* New Zealand: NZSIS
* Nigeria: NIA
* North Korea: RGB
* North Macedonia: ANB
* Norway: E-tjenesten
* Oman: Palace Office
* Pakistan: ISI
* Palestine: GIS
* Papua New Guinea: NIO
* Philippines: NICA
* Poland: AW
* Portugal: SIED
* Qatar: QSS
* Romania: SIE
* Russia: SVR
* Saudi Arabia: GIP
* Serbia: BIA
* Sierra Leone: CISU
* Singapore: SID
* Slovakia: SIS
* Slovenia: SOVA
* Somalia: NISA
* South Africa: SSA
* South Korea: NIS
* Spain: CNI
* Sri Lanka: SIS
* Sudan: GIS
* Sweden: KSI
* Switzerland: NDB
* Syria: GIS
* Taiwan: NSB
* Tajikistan: GKNB
* Tanzania: TISS
* Thailand: NIA
* Togo: NIA
* Tunisia: TIA
* Turkey: MİT
* Turkmenistan: MNS
* Uganda: ESO
* Ukraine: SZRU
* United Arab Emirates: SIA
* United Kingdom: SIS (MI6)
* United States: CIA
* Uzbekistan: SSS
* Vietnam: TC2

Domestic
intelligence|

* Afghanistan: GDI
* Algeria: CSS
* Angola: SINSE
* Argentina: SIDE
* Armenia: NSS
* Australia: ASIO
* Austria: DSN
* Azerbaijan: DTX
* Bangladesh: SB
* Belarus: KGB RB
* Belgium: VS/SE
* Bosnia and Herzegovina: SIPA
* Botswana: DIS
* Brazil: PF
* Brunei: IRD
* Bulgaria: DANS
* Burundi: SNR
* Canada: CSIS
* Chad: DGSSIE
* Chile: ANI
* China: MSS
* Colombia: DNI
* Congo (Democratic Republic of): ANR
* Croatia: SOA
* Czech Republic: BIS
* Denmark: PET
* Egypt: NSA
* Estonia: KAPO
* Finland: SUPO
* France: DGSI
* Georgia: SSSG
* Germany: BfV, LfV
* Ghana: GPS, CID
* Greece: EYP
* Hong Kong: NSD, CPGNSO
* Hungary: AH
* India: IB
* Indonesia: Baintelkam Polri (id), BIN
* Iran: VAJA, IRGC, PAVA
* Ireland: CSB, SDU, NSU
* Israel: Shin Bet
* Italy: AISI
* Japan: NPA, TMPD PSB, PSIA
* Kazakhstan: NSC
* Kenya: NIS
* Kosovo: AKI
* Latvia: VDD
* Lithuania: STT
* Lebanon: ISF IB, LSS
* Luxembourg: SREL
* Macau: DS
* Malaysia: SB
* Moldova: SIS
* Morocco: DGST
* Netherlands: NCTV
* New Zealand: NZSIS
* Nigeria: SSS
* North Korea: SSD
* North Macedonia: IA
* Norway: PST
* Oman: ISS
* Pakistan: IB, FIA
* Palestine: PPS
* Paraguay: SNI
* Peru: DINI
* Philippines: NBI, NICA
* Poland: ABW, SOP, SM
* Portugal: SIS
* Romania: SRI
* Russia: FSB
* Saudi Arabia: Mabahith
* Serbia: BIA
* Singapore: ISD
* Somalia: NISA
* South Africa: SSA
* South Korea: Intelligence Bureau, KNPA
* Spain: CITCO
* Sri Lanka: SIS
* Sweden: SÄPO
* Switzerland: NDB
* Syria: GIS
* Taiwan: MJIB
* Thailand: ISOC, SB
* Togo: ANR
* Turkey: MİT, İB
* Uganda: ISO
* Ukraine: SBU
* United Kingdom: Security Service (MI5), NDEDIU, NCA, NBIS
* United States: I&A (DHS), ID (HSI), IB (FBI), ONSI (DEA), OSII (ATF)
* Uzbekistan: SNB
* Venezuela: SEBIN
* Vietnam: TC5 (vi)
* Zimbabwe: CIO

Military
intelligence|

* Algeria: DCSA
* Angola: SIM
* Australia: DIO
* Austria: HNaA
* Bangladesh: DGFI
* Belarus: GRU MO RB
* Belgium: ADIV/SGRS
* Brazil: DIE
* Canada: CFINTCOM
* Chad: DGSSIE
* China: CMC JSD Intelligence Bureau
* Congo (Democratic Republic of): DEMIAP
* Croatia: VSOA
* Cuba: DCIM
* Czech Republic: VZ
* Denmark: FE
* Egypt: DMISR
* Finland: PE TIEDOS
* France: DRM, DGSE
* Germany: MAD
* Ghana: MIU
* Hungary: KNBSZ
* Iran: General Staff, SAHEFAJA, SAHEFASA, SAHEFAVEDJA
* India: DMI, DIA
* Indonesia: BAIS TNI, Pusintelad
* Ireland: G2
* Israel: Aman
* Italy: CII
* Japan: DIH
* Kazakhstan: NSC
* Lithuania: AOTD
* Malaysia: DIO
* Maldives: MNDF
* Morocco: DB
* Myanmar: Sa Ya Pa
* Netherlands: MIVD
* New Zealand: DDIS
* Nigeria: DIA
* North Korea: RGB
* North Macedonia: MSSI
* Norway: E-tjenesten
* Pakistan: MI, NI, AI
* Palestine: MIS
* Philippines: ISAFP
* Poland: SKW, SWW
* Portugal: CISMIL
* Romania: DGIA
* Russia: GRU
* Saudi Arabia: AFISC
* Serbia: VBA, VOA
* Singapore: MIO
* Slovakia: VS
* Slovenia: OVS
* South Africa: SANDF-ID
* South Korea: DIA, DCC
* Spain: CIFAS
* Sri Lanka: DMI
* Sweden: MUST
* Switzerland: MND, LWND
* Syria: MI, AFID
* Taiwan: MIB
* Thailand: AFSC
* Turkey: GENKUR İ.D.B.
* Ukraine: HUR MO
* United Kingdom: DI
* United States: DIA
* ONI
* MIC
* USAFI
* MCI
* CGI
* NSIC
* Venezuela: DGCIM
* Vietnam: TC2

Signals
intelligence|

* Australia: ASD
* Bangladesh: NTMC
* Brazil: 2ª Sch/EMD
* Canada: CSE
* China: SIGINT
* Croatia: OTC
* Ethiopia: INSA
* Finland: PVTIEDL
* France: DGSE, DRSD
* Germany: BND
* Ghana: RDU
* India: JCB, NTRO
* Indonesia: BSSN (id)
* Ireland: CIS
* Israel: 8200
* Japan: DIH
* Kazakhstan: NSC
* Netherlands: NSO, JSCU
* New Zealand: GCSB
* North Korea: RGB
* Norway: NSM
* Pakistan: JSIB
* Poland: AW, ABW, SKW, SWW, NCBC, gOR 3.FO, CRiWWRE, 2.ORel, 6.ORel, JW NIL
* Romania: STS
* Russia: Spetssvyaz
* Saudi Arabia: PSS
* South Africa: SSA
* Spain: CCN
* Sweden: FRA
* Switzerland: NDB
* Syria: MI
* Turkey: MİT-SİB
* UAE: SIA
* Ukraine: Derzhspetszviazok
* United Kingdom: GCHQ
* United States: NSA

Imagery
intelligence|

* Australia: AGO
* Finland: PVTIEDL
* India: DAI
* Indonesia: BIG
* Israel: Air Intelligence Group
* Malaysia: MaCGDI
* New Zealand: GEOINT NZ
* Poland: AW, SWW, ORO, 12.BBSP, JW NIL
* Pakistan: Air Intelligence
* Philippines: NMARSC
* Portugal: CIGeoE
* Russia: TsVTI GRU
* United Kingdom: DGIFC
* United States: NGA

Financial
intelligence|

* Argentina: UIF
* Australia: AUSTRAC
* Azerbaijan: MMX
* Bangladesh: FIU
* Brazil: COAF
* Canada: FINTRAC
* China: MPSECIB [zh]
* Fiji: FIU
* France: Tracfin, DNRED
* Iceland: SR
* India: CEIB
* Indonesia: PPATK
* Ireland: GNECB
* Italy: UIF
* Lithuania (FNTT)
* Malta: FIAU
* Mexico: UIF
* Netherlands: FIOD
* Poland: GIIF, SCS, CBA
* Qatar: FIU
* Russia: Rosfinmonitoring
* Saudi Arabia: GDOFI
* Spain: SVA, SEPBLAC
* Turkey: MASAK
* United Kingdom: NCA
* United States: IRS-CI, TFI
* FinCEN
* OIA
* Vatican: ASIF

Criminal
intelligence|

* Argentina: DNIC
* Australia: ACIC
* Bangladesh: CID
* Canada: CISC
* Finland: NBI
* India: CBI
* Indonesia: Baintelkam Polri (id)
* Italy: DIA, DIGOS
* Philippines: NBI, PNP-IG
* Poland: BWiIK KGP, CBŚP, ZOŚ KGSG, ZK KGŻW
* Romania:  DGPI
* South Africa: Crime Intelligence Division
* Spain: CGI, SIGC, CGPJ, UCO
* United Kingdom: NCA
* United States: IB (FBI), ONSI (DEA), OSII (ATF), ID (HSI)

Intelligence
community|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Australia
* Bangladesh
* Croatia
* France
* India
* Israel
* Italy
* New Zealand
* Pakistan
* Russia
* United Kingdom
* United States

Intelligence
alliances|

* Club de Berne
* Five Eyes
* Maximator
* Egmont Group

Defunct
agencies|

* Fascist Italy: OVRA
* Gaddafi Libya: Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya
* Imperial Japan: Tokko
* Ming Dynasty: Embroidered Uniform Guard, Eastern Depot, Western Depot [zh], Internal Depot [zh]
* Prussia: Prussian Secret Police
* Republic of China: NBIS
* Nazi Germany: Gestapo, Sicherheitsdienst
* Soviet Union: NKVD, KGB
* United Kingdom: DMI
* United States: Office of Strategic Services
* Wang Jingwei regime: Jessfield 76 [zh; de; ja]
* Yugoslavia: KOS

Related
topics|

* Espionage (List of intelligence agencies)
* Leaks
* Diplomatic cable leaks
* NSA leaks
* CIA leaks
* Great Firewall of China
* Mass surveillance in China
* Law enforcement
* Interpol
* Security agency
* Surveillance
* Big Brother
* Call detail record
* Carnivore
* Dishfire
* ECHELON
* PRISM
* Stone Ghost
* Turbulence (NSA programme)
* National security
* Surveillance issues in smart cities

* Border guard
* Coast guard
* Customs
* Law enforcement agency
* Types
* Intelligence agency

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