States and regions of Somalia

Politics of Somalia

Member State of the Arab League

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Constitution

* Provisional Constitution

Executive

* President (List)

Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
* Prime Minister

Hamza Abdi Barre
* Council of Ministers

Legislature

* Speaker

Aden Madobe
* Members of the Federal Parliament

Judiciary

* Judiciary

Elections

* Recent elections

* Presidential: 2017
* 2022

* Parliamentary: 2016
* 2021–2022

* Referendum: 1979 (latest)

Administrative divisions

* States and regions

Galmudug
Hirshabelle
Jubaland
Puntland
South West Somalia
* Claimed territory

Somaliland

Foreign relations

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Minister: Abdisalam Abdi Ali

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* Diplomatic missions of / in Somalia

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* Somali nationality law
* Passport
* Visa requirements
* Visa policy

Other

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Somalia portal

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Somalia is a federal republic consisting of 7 federal member states. They are Somaliland, Puntland, Khatumo, Galmudug, Hirshaabelle, South West, and Jubaland[1] as well as the regional administration of Banaadir. Somalia is further subdivided into 18 administrative regions (gobollo, singular gobol),[2] which are in turn subdivided into districts.

## History

[edit]

Puntland is a federal state in the northeast of Somalia. Galmudug is a federal state in central Somalia. Jubaland is a federal state in the south of Somalia.[2] In November 2014, the South West State of Somalia was established.[3] Hirshabelle State was formed in October 2016.[4] Khatumo State in the north central region was recognized in 2023.

The Federal Parliament is tasked with selecting the ultimate number and boundaries of autonomous regional states within the Federal Republic of Somalia.[5][6] To this end, the legislature in December 2014 passed a law establishing the Boundary and Federalization Commission.[7] The body is mandated with determining the boundaries of the country's constituent states, as well as arbitrating between these states.[8]

## Federal member states

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Map of Somalia's states and regions

Somalia is officially divided into 7 federal member states, including the unrecognized country of Somaliland which remains claimed but uncontrolled.[9][4][1]

* Somaliland (claimed)
* North Eastern
* Puntland
* Galmudug
* Hirshabelle
* South West
* Jubaland

## Regional administrations

[edit]

The Banaadir Regional Administration (BRA) covers the area of the capital city Mogadishu, and does not belong to any federal member state.

* Banaadir

## Regions

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President of Somalia Mohamed Siad Barre established five of these regions in 1974 and 1975 for biased clan reasons, Middle Juba, Lower Juba, Gedo, Bay, and Bakool;[10] Banaadir shrank to consist of only Mogadishu at the same time.[11]

Below are the regions of Somalia, with their capitals shown in parentheses:

* Awdal (Borama)
* Bakool (Hudur)
* Banadir (Mogadishu)
* Bari (Bosaso)
* Bay (Baidoa)
* Galgaduud (Dhusamareb)
* Gedo (Garbahaarreey)
* Hiiraan (Beledweyn)
* Lower Juba (Kismayo)
* Lower Shabelle (Merca)
* Middle Juba (Bu'ale)
* Middle Shebelle (Jowhar)
* Mudug (Galkayo)
* Nugal (Garowe)
* Sanaag (Erigavo)
* Sool (Las Anod)
* Togdheer (Burao)
* Woqooyi Galbeed (Hargeisa)

## See also

[edit]

* Somalia portal

* Administrative divisions of Somalia
* List of regions of Somalia by Human Development Index

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Federal Member States". Ministry of Planning.
2. ^ a b "Somalia". World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2009-05-14. Retrieved 2009-05-31.
3. ^ "SOMALIA: South-west state endorses a new constitution". Raxanreeb. 8 November 2014. Archived from the original on 9 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
4. ^ a b "New President elected for Hir-Shabelle state". Garoweonline. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
5. ^ "The Federal Republic of Somalia – Harmonized Draft Constitution" (PDF). Federal Government of Somalia. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 24, 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
6. ^ "Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution". Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
7. ^ "Somali parliament endorses the bill of boundaries and federalism". Goobjoog. 21 December 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
8. ^ "Cabinet approves Bills for National Electoral Commission, Boundary and Federalization Commission and a $216 M budget for 2015". Goobjoog. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
9. ^ "Somalia's regional states submit Upper House nominations". Somali Review. 10 October 2016. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
10. ^ Mohamed Haji Mukhtar (2011). Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Lanham, MD and Oxford: Scarecrow Press. p. 129.
11. ^ Mukhtar, 2011, p.48

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Disputed and de facto states of Somalia

Federal member states
(Federalist/unionist states)|

* Galmudug
* Hirshabelle
* Jubaland
* Puntland
* North Eastern State of Somalia
* Somaliland (claimed)
* South West State of Somalia

Proposed federal member states|

* Maakhir (de facto; 2007–2009)
* Khatumo (de facto; 2012–2025)

Islamist Jamaats|

* Islamic Emirate of Somalia (Al-Shabaab)

Former state entities|

* Azania (2011–2013)
* Himan and Heeb (2008–2015)
* South West State of Somalia (2002–2006)

Former Islamist administrations|

* Islamic Courts Union (1993–2006)
* Hizbul Islam (2009–2010; 2012–2014)
* Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a (1991–2018)

* Politics portal
* List of ruling political parties
* Politics of Somalia

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