Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty

Organization

"SHAC" redirects here. For other uses, see SHAC (disambiguation).

Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty

Focus| Animal-rights campaign to close Huntingdon Life Sciences. Opposition to animal testing.
Location|

* UK and US

Origins| England

Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC) was an international animal rights campaign to close down Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS), Europe's largest contract animal-testing laboratory. HLS tested medical and non-medical substances on around 75,000 animals every year, from rats to primates.[1][2][3][4] It had been the subject of several major leaks or undercover investigations by activists and reporters since 1989.[5]

SHAC was started by three British animal rights activists—Greg Avery, Heather James, and Natasha Dellemagne—after video footage supposed to have been shot covertly inside HLS in 1997 by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) showed HLS staff shaking, punching, and shouting at beagles in their care.[6] The footage was broadcast by Channel 4 in the UK, the employees were dismissed and prosecuted, and HLS's licence to perform animal experiments was revoked for six months. PETA stopped its protests against the company after HLS threatened it with legal action, and SHAC took over as a leaderless resistance.[7]

The campaign used tactics ranging from protests and civil disobedience to the firebombing of private property connected with HLS' clients and investors. The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), which monitors US domestic extremism, has described SHAC's modus operandi as "frankly terroristic tactics similar to those of anti-abortion extremists," and in 2005 an official with the FBI's counter-terrorism division referred to SHAC's activities in the United States as domestic terrorist threats.[3][8]

In 2009 and 2010, 13 members of SHAC, including Avery, James, and Dellemagne, were jailed for between 15 months and eleven years on charges of conspiracy to blackmail or harm HLS and its suppliers.[9][10]

## Background

[edit]

HLS tests household cleaners, pesticides, weedkillers, food additives, chemicals for use in industry, and drugs for use against Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and cancer.[1] It kills around 75,000 animals every year, including rats, rabbits, pigs, dogs, and primates (marmosets and macaques).[11]

The company has been the subject of several undercover investigations since 1989. Sarah Kite of the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) secured a job and filmed inside HLS in 1989. Zoe Broughton did the same for Channel 4 in 1996, as Michelle Rokke claimed to have done for PETA in 1997. Lucy Johnston for The Daily Express gained access in 2000. A diary kept by Kite, who worked undercover there for eight months, alleged that HLS workers routinely mishandled the animals, shouting at them, throwing them into their cages, and mocking them for having fits in response to toxicity tests. In 1997, Zoe Broughton came out with footage showing puppies being hit and shaken. A year later, Michelle Rokke allegedly obtained footage of the vivisection of a monkey in HLS in New Jersey, in which a technician expresses concern that the animal is inadequately anaesthetized.[5] Between 2006 and 2008, an Animal Defenders International employee filmed undercover inside HLS after securing a position inside its primate toxicology unit in Cambridgeshire.[12]

According to Mark Matfield of the Research Defence Society, a pro-animal testing lobby group in the UK, HLS lost a great deal of business after these investigations, primarily among the pharmaceutical industry. "There was an ingrained feeling among scientists and business people that this company had transgressed in a very serious way," he said.[13]

## Structure

[edit]

### SHAC UK

[edit]

SHAC was founded in November 1999 by Greg Avery; his second wife, Natasha Avery (née Dellemagne); and his first wife, Heather Nicholson (née James). Avery and Nicholson had been involved in previous high-profile campaigns against facilities in the UK that bred animals for laboratories. In 1997, after a ten-month campaign, they caused the closure of Consort Kennels, which bred beagles for animal research. Later that year, they started Save the Hill Grove Cats against Hill Grove farm in Oxfordshire, which bred cats for laboratories. The farm closed after two years.[14]

They would meet every three months to receive updates from colleagues in the United States and Europe.[15] Sarah Whitehead, an experienced campaigner known in the group as "Mumsy", would lead younger members and carry out up to five attacks in a night, according to the judge.[10]

### Methods

[edit]

#### Secondary and tertiary targeting

[edit]

SHAC's modus operandi is known as secondary and tertiary targeting. Activists engage in direct action—ranging from lawful protests to intimidation, harassment, and violent attacks—not only against HLS, its employees, and its employees' families, but also against secondary and tertiary targets such as HLS's business partners, and their business partners, insurers, caterers, cleaners, children's nursery schools, and office suppliers.[16] A New York yacht club, for example, was covered in red paint because members of the club worked for Carr Securities, which traded in HLS shares.[17] The campaign drove down HLS's profits, suppressed its share price, and made it difficult to find business and financial partners.[18]

In 2001, HLS managing director in the UK, Brian Cass, was beaten outside his home by three masked men – animal rights activist David Blenkinsop was sentenced to three years in prison for the attack – and HLS marketing director Andrew Gay was attacked on his doorstep with a chemical spray to his eyes that left him temporarily blinded.[3]

#### Shareholders

[edit]

On 21 December 2000, HLS was dropped from the New York Stock Exchange because its market capitalization had fallen below NYSE limits, and on 29 March 2001, HLS lost both of its market makers and its place on the London Stock Exchange. Shortly after this, HLS moved its headquarters to the United States, incorporating as Life Sciences Research (LSR), and secured a $15m loan from investment bank Stephens, Inc, its largest shareholder. In September 2005, after the firebombing of the homes of a Canadian brokerage employee and a British pharmaceutical executive, the New York Stock Exchange asked LSR to delay moving its listing from the OTC Bulletin Board to the main exchange.[19] LSR has since transferred its listing to the NYSE Arca electronic exchange. HLS is no longer a publicly traded company after being bought by CEO Andrew Baker.[20]

In June 2005, Vancouver-based brokerage Canaccord Capital announced that it had dropped a client, Phytopharm PLC, in response to the May 2005 Animal Liberation Front (ALF) firebombing of a car belonging to Canaccord executive Michael Kendall. The ALF stated on its website that activists placed an incendiary device under the car, which was in Kendall's garage at home when it caught fire during the night. Kendall and his family went into hiding. Phytopharm was targeted, as were those doing business with it, because it had business links with HLS.[21]

In May 2006, an anonymous group said it would be writing to every one of GlaxoSmithKline's 170,000 small investors warning them to sell their shares. The letters began arriving at investors' home addresses on 7 May 2006, asking that shares be sold within 14 days, and that the group be informed of the sale by e-mail via a Hotmail address.[22] The number of letters sent was smaller than claimed; the BBC said at least 50 shareholders received the warning.[23] Writing in The Sunday Telegraph the following week, British Prime Minister Tony Blair expressed support for animal experimentation in the face of an "appalling ... campaign of intimidation."[24]

### Ties to the ALF

[edit]

Kevin Kjonaas – who took charge of SHAC UK while the Averys and James were jailed for six months in 2002 – declared his support for the ALF, and Robin Webb, spokesman for the ALF in the UK, attended and addressed SHAC conferences in the United States.[7]

In 2006 the ALF warned that it was targeting HLS suppliers, and that year firebombed a car belonging to the finance director of Canaccord Capital, a brokerage firm. Members of SHAC said the company had acted as brokers for Phytopharm, which had used HLS for contract testing.[25]

The FBI linked SHAC with attacks claimed by the militant animal rights group, the Animal Liberation Brigade. They issued an arrest warrant for Daniel Andreas San Diego, who they described as being "involved with the Stop Huntington Animal Cruelty campaign", in connection with bomb attacks against two of HLS's clients in California.[26] San Diego was added to the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists List in 2009.[27]

## Convictions and legislation

[edit]

SHAC's campaign prompted the introduction of sections 145–149 of the British Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005, which created new offences intended to protect animal-testing facilities, including prohibiting acts or threats intended to cause someone to terminate or not enter into a contract with such a facility.[28][29] The first person to be convicted under the Act was Joseph Harris, a doctor of molecular biology, who attacked property owned by companies supplying materials to HLS; he received a three-year sentence.[30] In February 2007, a number of SHAC supporters were charged with illegal street collecting without a licence.[31] According to the Metropolitan Police, two stalls in London's Oxford Street collected over £80,000 a year. In March 2007, three activists were jailed under the Act for intimidating HLS suppliers; one supplier dropped its contract with HLS after being invaded by demonstrators wearing skull masks.[32]

### 2006: SHAC 7 (U.S.)

[edit]

Logo of the SHAC 7 Support Group

In March 2006, a federal jury in Trenton, New Jersey, found six members of SHAC guilty of using their website to incite attacks on those who did business with HLS.[33] Originally, seven individuals (the SHAC 7) were charged: Kevin Kjonaas (also known as Kevin Jonas, former president of Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty USA[34]), Lauren Gazzola, Jacob Conroy, Joshua Harper, Andrew Stepanian, Darius Fullmer, and John McGee. McGee was later dropped from the case.[35] They were charged with conspiracy to violate the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act, in the first application of the 1992 statute. Jonas, Gazzola, Conroy, and Harper were charged with conspiracy to harass using a telecommunications device (discussing black faxes), while Jonas, Gazzola, Conroy, and SHAC USA were charged with stalking via the internet. The defence of the SHAC 7 rested largely on the 1969 case Brandenburg v. Ohio, in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that political speech is legal unless it can be shown that a defendant incited others to commit imminent unlawful acts of violence.[36] During the trial, the defendants were prohibited from providing evidence of animal cruelty taking place at Huntingdon Life Sciences testing laboratories.[37]

In 2011, NPR reported that Andrew Stepanian of the SHAC 7—since released—had been imprisoned in the highly restrictive Communication Management Unit of the U.S. federal prison system.[38]

In 2019 Joaquin Phoenix produced 'The Animal People'; a documentary about the SHAC 7 defendants.[39]

### 2007: Operation Achilles (UK)

[edit]

On 1 May 2007, a series of raids—Operation Achilles—took place against SHAC in Europe, involving 700 police officers in England, Amsterdam, and Belgium.[9] Thirty-two people were arrested, including Greg and Natasha Avery, and Heather Nicholson, who were charged with blackmail, along with nine others.[40] Prosecutors told jurors that a 2007 meeting between the defendants had been bugged by police, and revealed that SHAC supported illegal acts that were traced to attacks on people across Great Britain. The prosecution also alleged there was evidence of direct email links between SHAC, the Animal Liberation Front, and Animal Rights Militia.[41] Der Spiegel wrote that as a result of the police operation the number of attacks on HLS and associated businesses declined drastically,[9] although the day after the convictions new posts on SHAC's website indicated that the campaign would continue.[42]

## See also

[edit]

* Animal rights and punk subculture
* List of animal rights groups

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "A controversial laboratory", BBC News, 18 January 2001.
2. ^ "New bill clamps down on animal activist activity" Archived 12 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Drug Researcher, 17 November 2006.
3. ^ a b c "SPLCenter.org: From Push to Shove". 19 October 2003. Archived from the original on 19 October 2003. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
4. ^ Townsend, Mark. "Exposed: secrets of the animal organ lab", The Observer, 20 April 2003.
5. ^ a b "The First Investigation" Archived 27 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine; "It's a Dog's Life" Archived 27 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine (Zoe Broughton for Channel Four in 1996); "HLS busted again" Archived 27 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine (Michelle Rokke for PETA in 1997); and Johnstone, Lucy and Calvert, Jonathan. "Terrible despair of animals cut up in name of research" Archived 27 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine (Lucy Johnston for The Daily Express in 2000).
* Also see Mann, Keith. From Dusk 'til Dawn: An insider's view of the growth of the Animal Liberation Movement. Puppy Pincher Press, 2007, pp. 198–199.
* "Undercover video footage of HLS employees apparently dissecting a live monkey", filmed at the HLS Princeton Research Center, New Jersey, accessed 20 June 2009.
6. ^ Alleyne, Richard. "Terror tactics that brought a company to its knees", The Daily Telegraph, 19 January 2001.
* Also see "It's a Dog's Life", Countryside Undercover, Channel Four Television, 1997.
7. ^ a b Doward, Jamie and Townsend, Mark. "Beauty and the beasts", The Observer, 1 August 2004.
8. ^ Lewis, John E. "Statement of John Lewis", US Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, 26 October 2005, accessed 17 January 2011.
9. ^ a b c Evers, Marco. "Resisting the Animal Avengers", Part 1, Part 2, Der Spiegel, 19 November 2007.
10. ^ a b Weaver, Matthew (25 October 2010). "Animal rights activists jailed for terrorising suppliers to Huntingdon Life Sciences". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 September 2013.
11. ^ "From push to shove" Archived 4 February 2005 at the Wayback Machine Southern Poverty Law Group Intelligence Report, Fall 2002.
* Townsend, Mark. "Exposed: secrets of the animal organ lab", The Observer, 20 April 2003.
12. ^ "Huntingdon Life Sciences Investigation", Animal Defenders International, 15 July 2009, accessed 17 January 2011.
* "HLS Infiltrated by Undercover Investigation", indybay.org, accessed 17 January 2011.
* Also see "Save the Primates", Animal Defenders International, shown at the European Parliament in February 2009, courtesy of YouTube, accessed 17 January 2011.
13. ^ Rudacille, Deborah. The Scalpel and the Butterfly: The Conflict between Animal Research and Animal Protection. University of California Press, 2001, p. 286.
14. ^ Jonas, Kevin (2004). "Chapter: Bricks and Bullhorns". Terrorists or Freedom Fighters?: Reflections on the Liberation of Animals. By Best, Steven; Nocella, Anthony J. Lantern Books. p. 271\. ISBN 978-1-59056-054-9. "Today, SHAC is the intelligent and strategic continuation of such a rounded attack, effectively coupling both legal and illegal tactics ... The "SHAC campaign" has come to mean any endeavor aimed at contributing to the legal SHAC efforts, whether it be legal or not. In various legal proceedings we have distinguished SHAC the incorporated group as a news/information clearing house, and the "SHAC campaign" as all other protest activities."
15. ^ "Police bugged animal rights group". BBC News. 7 October 2008. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008.
16. ^ "Childcare group warned of 'hell'", BBC News, 29 September 2005.
* Also see ["U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works". Archived from the original on 1 August 2008. Retrieved 1 August 2008. U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works.
17. ^ Lewis, John E. "Statement of John Lewis" Archived 1 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Senate Committee on Environment & Public Works, 26 October 2005, accessed 17 January 2011.
18. ^ "Money talks", The Guardian, 1 June 2006.
* "Lab firm ditched by share brokers", BBC News, 28 March 2001.
19. ^ "Huntingdon delays listing after attacks", The Guardian, 8 September 2005.
20. ^ "LSR goes private in Lion Holdings takeover", Outsourcing, pharma.com, 1 December 2009.
21. ^ Won, Shirley, and Zehr, Leonard. "When threats turn to firebombs, Canaccord cuts loose on client"[dead link], The Globe and Mail, 24 June 2005.
22. ^ "Animal rights activists tell drug firm's small investors to sell up or else", The Guardian, 9 May 2006.
23. ^ Glaxo wins injunction over threat, 9 May 2006.
24. ^ "Tony Blair: Time to act against animal rights protesters". The Daily Telegraph. 13 May 2006. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
25. ^ Laville, Sandra and Campbell, Duncan. "Animal rights extremists in arson spree", The Guardian, 25 June 2006.
26. ^ Doyle, Leonard. Animal rights activist added to FBI's most wanted terrorist list, The Telegraph, 24 April 2009.
27. ^ "FBI's Most Wanted Terrorists List: Daniel Andreas San Diego". FBI. 21 April 2009. Retrieved 18 January 2011.
28. ^ Tempest, Matthew. "Crackdown on animal rights extremists", The Guardian, 31 January 2005
29. ^ "Serious Organised Crime and Police Bill", House of Commons, 2005.
30. ^ "Animal rights protester is jailed", BBC News, 20 September 2006.
31. ^ Smit, Martina. "21 'illegally' collected for animal rights terror", thisislocallondon.co.uk, 22 February 2007.
32. ^ "Three 'violent' activists jailed", BBC News, 6 March 2007.
33. ^ Kocieniewski, David. "Six Animal Rights Advocates Are Convicted of Terrorism", The New York Times, 3 March 2006.
34. ^ "Animal Rights Activists Get Prison in Web Threat Case". Southern Poverty Law Center.
35. ^ "ANARCHISM, FEATURED “Sometimes We Had a Brick”, Portland Radicle, July 2013.
36. ^ "America's #1 Threat", Mother Jones, January/February 2006.
37. ^ Lennard, Natasha (30 January 2022). "Prosecutors Silence Evidence of Cruel Factory Farm Practices in Animal Rights Cases". The Intercept. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
38. ^ DATA & GRAPHICS: Population Of The Communications Management Units, Margot Williams and Alyson Hurt, NPR, 3 March 2011; retrieved 4 March 2011.
39. ^ "The Animal People". FINNGATE. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
40. ^ "Animal rights activists involved in bid to shut lab among 30 arrested in raids", The Guardian, 2 May 2007.
41. ^ "Five deny animal rights blackmail ", BBC News, 6 October 2008.
42. ^ "Animal activists still continuing campaign of threats and intimidation", The Daily Telegraph, 24 December 2008.

## Further reading

[edit]

External links

* Indymedia UK SHAC topic page
* The Shac 7
* The footage shot undercover inside HLS by PETA; see the same footage on YouTube.
* "Inside HLS", describes five undercover investigations into HLS between 1989 and 2001
* Diaries of Despair, Uncaged Campaigns, accessed 17 January 2011.
* "Hit 'Em Head On", SHAC, 9-minute video on YouTube, 2006.
* "Time for Action 3", SHAC, 4-minute video on YouTube, 2005.

Books and articles

* Bhattacharya, Shaoni. Scientists demand law against animal rights extremism, New Scientist, 22 April 2004.
* British Home Office. "Animal Welfare—Human Rights: protecting people from animal rights extremists", July 2004.
* Cox, Simon and Vadon, Richard. "How animal rights took on the world", BBC Radio 4, retrieved 18 June 2006.
* CrimethInc. Ex-Workers Collective (Fall 2006). "The SHAC Model: A Critical Assessment". Rolling Thunder (6): 11–28\. Archived from the original on 12 December 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2009.
* Gibson, Ian. Statement by Dr. Ian Gibson (Norwich, North) Hansard, 19 March 2003.
* Robbins, John. "Red in Tooth and Law", The Lawyer, 16 August 2004.
* Lennard, Natasha. How the Prosecution of Animal Rights Activists as Terrorists Foretold Today’s Criminalization of Dissent The Intercept. 12 December 2019

* v
* t
* e

Animal testing

Main articles|

* Alternatives to animal testing
* Animal testing on invertebrates
* Animal testing on frogs
* Animal testing on non-human primates
* Animal testing on rabbits
* Animal testing on rodents
* Animal testing regulations
* History of animal testing
* History of model organisms
* IACUC
* Laboratory animal sources
* Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
* Testing cosmetics on animals
* Three Rs
* Toxicology testing

Testing on|

* Frogs
* Invertebrates
* Primates
* Rabbits
* Rodents
* Syrian hamsters

Issues|

* Animal rights
* Animal welfare
* Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act
* Biomedical Research
* Great ape research ban
* International primate trade
* Laboratory animal allergy
* Pain and suffering in laboratory animals

Controversial
experiments|

* Britches
* Brown Dog affair
* Cambridge University primates
* Monkey Drug Trials
* Pit of despair
* Silver Spring monkeys
* Unnecessary Fuss

Companies|

* Charles River Laboratories
* Fortrea
* Inotiv
* Jackson Laboratory
* Nafovanny

Groups and
campaigns|

* Anti-Vivisection Coalition
* Americans for Medical Progress
* AAAS
* AALAS
* Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
* Animal Free Research UK
* ALF
* Boyd Group
* Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing
* Cruelty Free International
* PETA
* ALF
* Foundation for Biomedical Research
* National Anti-Vivisection Society
* New England Anti-Vivisection Society
* Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
* Primate Freedom Project
* Pro-Test
* SHAC
* SPEAK
* Speaking of Research
* Stop Sequani Animal Testing
* Research Defence Society
* Understanding Animal Research

Writers and
activists|

* Colin Blakemore
* Carl Cohen
* Gill Langley
* Ingrid Newkirk
* Neal D. Barnard
* Jerry Vlasak
* Simon Festing
* Tipu Aziz

Legislation|

* Animal testing regulations
* Animal Experimentation Convention 1986 (Council of Europe)
* Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (UK)
* Animal Welfare Act 1999 (NZ)
* Animal Welfare Act of 1966 (US)
* Directive 2010/63/EU (EU)

* v
* t
* e

Animal rights

Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)

| Overviews|

* Movement
* History (Ancient world)
* Timeline
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|

Concepts|

* Abolitionism
* Ahimsa
* Animal cognition
* Animal consciousness
* Animal–industrial complex
* Animal law
* Animal machine
* Animal protectionism
* Animal trial
* Animal welfare
* Animal-free agriculture
* Anthropocentrism
* Argument from marginal cases
* Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
* New York Declaration on Animal Consciousness
* Carnism
* Equal consideration of interests
* Emotion in animals
* Ethics of eating meat
* Ethics of uncertain sentience
* Holocaust analogy
* Insects in ethics
* Intrinsic value
* Meat paradox
* Mentophobia
* Moral circle expansion
* Nonviolence
* Nonkilling
* Open rescue
* Opposition to hunting
* Painism
* Personism
* Replaceability argument
* Sentientism
* Speciesism
* Total liberation
* Veganism
* Vegaphobia
* Vegetarianism

Issues|

| Animal
husbandry|

* Animal product
* Animal husbandry
* Battery cage
* Bile bear
* Chick culling
* Crocodiles
* CAFOs
* Cow-calf separation
* Feedback
* Fish
* Foam depopulation
* Fur
* Fur trade
* Insects
* Intensive
* Pigs
* Livestock
* Live export
* Poultry
* Wildlife
* Slaughter
* Slaughterhouse
* Ventilation shutdown
* Blood sport
* Badger-baiting
* Bear-baiting
* Boar-baiting
* Bull-baiting
* Donkey-baiting
* Duck-baiting
* Hog-baiting
* Human-baiting
* Hyena-baiting
* Lion-baiting
* Monkey-baiting
* Rat-baiting
* Wolf-baiting
* Cruelty
* Pest control (Varmint hunting)
* Sacrifice
* Working animal

|

Animal testing|

* History
* Alternatives
* Regulations
* Countries banning non-human ape experimentation
* Non-human primates
* Cosmetics
* Model organism
* Vivisection (Anti-vivisection movement)
* Organizations
* Huntingdon Life Sciences
* Nafovanny
* Green Scare (Operation Backfire)

Animal welfare|

* Abandoned pets
* Captivity
* Euthanasia (insects)
* Farmed insects
* Killing of animals
* Live food
* Pain
* Amphibians
* Cephalopods
* Crustaceans
* Fish
* Invertebrates
* Laboratory animals
* Sports

Fishing|

* Bait
* Commercial
* Farming
* Recreational

Wild animals|

* Culling
* Farming
* Hunting
* Techniques
* Coursing
* Spotlighting
* Trail hunting
* Trapping
* Treeing
* Trophy hunting
* Upland hunting
* Animals
* Alligators
* Bats
* Bears
* Birds
* Bison
* Boar
* Raccoons
* Deer
* Dolphins
* Foxes
* Hares
* Jackals
* Lions
* Mink
* Petrels
* Quail
* Rabbit
* Rooks
* Seals
* Squirrels
* Tigers
* Turtles
* Waterfowl
* Wild birds
* Whales
* Wolves
* Management
* Predation problem
* Suffering
* Trade
* Primates
* Ivory
* Welfare

Cases|

* Brown Dog affair
* Cambridge University primates
* McLibel case
* Monkey selfie copyright dispute
* Pit of despair
* SHAC
* Silver Spring monkeys
* University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
* Unnecessary Fuss
* War of the currents

Studies|

* Animal ethics
* Anthrozoology
* Critical animal studies
* Ethology
* Vegan studies

Methodologies|

* Direct Action Everywhere
* Hunt sabotage

Observances|

* World Animal Day
* World Day for Farmed Animals
* World Day for the End of Speciesism
* World Day for Laboratory Animals
* World Day for the End of Fishing
* World Vegan Day
* World Vegetarian Day

Advocates (academics, writers, activists)

| Academics
and writers|

| Contemporary|

* Carol J. Adams
* Aysha Akhtar
* Kristin Andrews
* Marc Bekoff
* Steven Best
* Paola Cavalieri
* Stephen R. L. Clark
* Alasdair Cochrane
* J. M. Coetzee
* Alice Crary
* David DeGrazia
* Daniel Dombrowski
* Sue Donaldson
* Josephine Donovan
* Joan Dunayer
* Mylan Engel
* Catia Faria
* Lawrence Finsen
* Michael W. Fox
* Gary L. Francione
* Robert Garner
* Valéry Giroux
* Lori Gruen
* John Hadley
* Oscar Horta
* Christine Korsgaard
* Dale Jamieson
* Kyle Johannsen
* Melanie Joy
* Hilda Kean
* Will Kymlicka
* Renan Larue
* Thomas Lepeltier
* Andrew Linzey
* Clair Linzey
* Dan Lyons
* David Nibert
* Martha Nussbaum
* Clare Palmer
* Charles Patterson
* David Pearce
* Jessica Pierce
* Evelyn Pluhar
* Mark Rowlands
* Richard D. Ryder
* Steve F. Sapontzis
* Jeff Sebo
* Jérôme Segal
* Peter Singer
* Gary Steiner
* Cass Sunstein
* David Sztybel
* Michael Tye
* Tatjana Višak
* Paul Waldau
* Corey Lee Wrenn

|

Historical|

* Tom Beauchamp
* Jeremy Bentham
* David Renaud Boullier
* Stephen St. C. Bostock
* Brigid Brophy
* Peter Buchan
* Mona Caird
* Priscilla Cohn
* Sherry Colb
* Henry Crowe
* Herman Daggett
* Richard Dean
* Wilhelm Dietler
* William Hamilton Drummond
* Edward Payson Evans
* T. Forster
* John Galsworthy
* Thomas G. Gentry
* V. A. Holmes-Gore
* Arthur Helps
* John Hildrop
* John Zephaniah Holwell
* Francis Hutcheson
* Soame Jenyns
* Marie Jungius
* Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
* John Lawrence
* Charles R. Magel
* Jean Meslier
* Mary Midgley
* J. Howard Moore
* José Ferrater Mora
* Robert Morris
* Leonard Nelson
* Edward Nicholson
* Siobhan O'Sullivan
* John Oswald
* Rod Preece
* Humphrey Primatt
* James Rachels
* Tom Regan
* Joseph Ritson
* Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
* Bernard Rollin
* Henry Stephens Salt
* Arthur Schopenhauer
* Laurids Smith
* John Styles
* Thomas Tryon
* Gary Varner
* Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
* Mary Anne Warren
* Adam Gottlieb Weigen
* Johann Heinrich Winckler
* Steven M. Wise
* Jon Wynne-Tyson
* Voltaire
* Thomas Young

Activists|

| Contemporary|

* James Aspey
* Greg Avery
* Matt Ball
* Martin Balluch
* Carole Baskin
* Barbi Twins
* Brigitte Bardot
* Gene Baur
* Yves Bonnardel
* Joey Carbstrong
* Aymeric Caron
* Jake Conroy
* Rod Coronado
* Karen Dawn
* Chris DeRose
* John Feldmann
* Bruce Friedrich
* Juliet Gellatley
* Tal Gilboa
* Antoine Goetschel
* Mark Gold
* Brigitte Gothière
* Alex Hershaft
* Wayne Hsiung
* Charlotte Laws
* Ronnie Lee
* Howard Lyman
* Evanna Lynch
* Bill Maher
* Keith Mann
* Jim Mason
* Dan Mathews
* Joaquin Phoenix
* Jo-Anne McArthur
* Luísa Mell
* Virginia McKenna
* Morrissey
* Ingrid Newkirk
* Heather Nicholson
* Jack Norris
* Ric O'Barry
* David Olivier
* Alex Pacheco
* Craig Rosebraugh
* Jasmin Singer
* Kim Stallwood
* Lynda Stoner
* Marianne Thieme
* Darren Thurston
* Christine Townend
* Wendy Turner-Webster
* Jerry Vlasak
* Louise Wallis
* Ed Winters
* Gary Yourofsky
* That Vegan Teacher

|

Historical|

* Cleveland Amory
* Henry B. Amos
* Bob Barker
* Ernest Bell
* William Brown
* Edith Carrington
* Frances Power Cobbe
* Joan Court
* Karen Davis
* Royal Dixon
* Muriel Dowding
* Elizabeth Farians
* Emarel Freshel
* André Géraud
* Lewis Gompertz
* James Granger
* Barry Horne
* Marie Huot
* Lizzy Lind af Hageby
* Jessie Mackay
* Alfred Mansfield Mitchell
* J. Isaac Pengelly
* Norm Phelps
* Jill Phipps
* Maud Ingersoll Probasco
* Hans Ruesch
* Magnus Schwantje
* Nell Shipman
* Henry Spira
* Joseph Stratton
* Andrew Tyler
* Gretchen Wyler

Movement (groups, parties)

| Groups|

| Contemporary|

* American Anti-Vivisection Society
* Animal Aid
* Animal Ethics
* Animal Justice
* Animal Justice Project
* Animal Legal Defense Fund
* Animal Liberation
* Animal Liberation Front
* Animal Liberation Press Office
* Animal Liberation Victoria
* Animal Rights Militia
* Animal Rising
* AnimaNaturalis
* Anti-Vivisection Coalition
* Anonymous for the Voiceless
* Beauty Without Cruelty
* Born Free Foundation
* Centre for Animals and Social Justice
* Chinese Animal Protection Network
* Cruelty Free International
* Direct Action Everywhere
* Doctors Against Animal Experiments
* Equanimal
* Every Animal
* Farm Animal Rights Movement
* Faunalytics
* Great Ape Project
* Hunt Saboteurs Association
* In Defense of Animals
* Korea Animal Rights Advocates
* L214
* Last Chance for Animals
* Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
* Mercy for Animals
* Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
* People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
* Revolutionary Cells – Animal Liberation Brigade
* Rise for Animals
* Sentience Politics
* Uncaged Campaigns
* United Activists for Animal Rights
* United Poultry Concerns
* UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
* Viva!
* Voice for Animals Humane Society
* Voiceless

|

Historical|

* Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
* Humanitarian League (1891–1919)
* Millennium Guild
* Order of the Golden Age
* Oxford Group

Parties|

* Animal Justice Party (Australia)
* Animal Politics EU (Europe)
* Animal Protection Party of Canada (Canada)
* Animal Justice Party of Finland (Finland)
* Animals' Party (Sweden)
* Animalist Movement (Italy)
* Animalist Party with the Environment (Spain)
* DierAnimal (Belgium)
* Human Environment Animal Protection Party (Germany)
* Italian Animalist Party (Italy)
* Party for the Animals (Netherlands)
* People Animals Nature (Portugal)
* V-Partei³ (Germany)

Activism|

* Animal Rights National Conference

Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)

| Books|

* On Abstinence from Eating Animals (3rd century)
* A Reasonable Plea for the Animal Creation (1746)
* A System of Moral Philosophy, in Three Books (1755)
* The Cry of Nature (1791)
* An Essay on Humanity to Animals (1798)
* An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty (1802)
* Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes (1824)
* The Rights of Animals (1838)
* The Ethics of Diet (1883)
* A Plea for Vegetarianism and Other Essays (1886)
* Animals' Rights: Considered in Relation to Social Progress (1892)
* Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology (1897)
* Better-World Philosophy (1899)
* The Logic of Vegetarianism (1899)
* The Universal Kinship (1906)
* The New Ethics (1907)
* Animals, Men and Morals (1971)
* Animal Liberation (1975)
* The Case for Animal Rights (1983)
* Morals, Reason, and Animals (1987)
* Zoos and Animal Rights (1993)
* Animals, Property, and the Law (1995)
* The Lives of Animals (1999)
* Eternal Treblinka (2001)
* Do Animals Have Rights? (2005)
* Striking at the Roots (2008)
* An American Trilogy (2009)
* An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory (2010)
* Animal Rights Without Liberation (2012)
* Political Animals and Animal Politics (2014)
* Animal (De)liberation (2016)
* Beating Hearts: Abortion and Animal Rights (2016)
* Sentientist Politics (2018)
* Wild Animal Ethics (2020)
* Animal Ethics in the Wild (2022)
* Making a Stand for Animals (2022)
* Animal Rights Law (2023)
* The Moral Circle (2025)

|

Films|

* The Animals Film (1981)
* A Cow at My Table (1998)
* Shores of Silence (2000)
* The Witness (2000)
* Meet Your Meat (2002)
* Legally Blonde 2 (2003)
* The Meatrix (2003)
* Peaceable Kingdom (2004)
* Earthlings (2005)
* Behind the Mask (2006)
* Your Mommy Kills Animals (2007)
* Food, Inc. (2009)
* The Cove (2009)
* Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home (2009)
* Forks Over Knives (2011)
* Vegucated (2011)
* An Apology to Elephants (2013)
* Speciesism: The Movie (2013)
* The Ghosts in Our Machine (2013)
* Unlocking the Cage (2016)
* Land of Hope and Glory (2017)
* Carnage (2017)
* Okja (2017)
* Dominion (2018)
* Seaspiracy (2021)

Periodicals|

| Journals|

* Animal Sentience
* Between the Species
* Cahiers antispécistes
* Etica & Animali
* Journal of Animal Ethics
* Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
* The Animals' Defender

|

Magazines|

* Arkangel
* Bite Back
* Muutoksen kevät
* No Compromise
* Satya

Albums|

* Animal Liberation (1987)
* Tame Yourself (1991)
* Manifesto (2008)
* Salvation of Innocents (2014)
* Onward to Freedom (2014)

Fairs and exhibitions|

* Holocaust on your Plate (2003)

* Category ( 138 )

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* United States

Other|

* Yale LUX

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