Streisand effect

Increased awareness of something after suppression efforts

This article is about an unintended consequence of attempting to suppress information. For the Atlanta episode, see The Streisand Effect (Atlanta).

The original image of Barbra Streisand's cliff-top residence in Malibu, California, which she attempted to suppress in 2003

The Streisand effect is an unintended consequence of attempts to hide, remove, or censor information, where the effort instead increases public awareness of the information.

The term was coined in 2005 by Mike Masnick after Barbra Streisand attempted to suppress the publication of a photograph showing her clifftop residence in Malibu, taken to document coastal erosion in California, inadvertently drawing far greater attention to the previously obscure photograph.[1][2][3]

## Mechanism

[edit]

Attempts to suppress information are often made through cease-and-desist letters, but instead of being suppressed, the information sometimes receives extensive publicity, as well as the creation of media such as videos and spoof songs, which can be mirrored on the Internet or distributed on file-sharing networks.[4][5] In addition, seeking or obtaining an injunction to prohibit something from being published or to remove something that is already published can lead to increased publicity of the published work.

The Streisand effect is an example of psychological reactance, wherein once people are aware that some information is being kept from them, they are significantly more motivated to acquire and spread it.[6]

The Streisand effect has been observed in relation to the right to be forgotten, the right in some jurisdictions to have private information about a person removed from internet searches and other directories under some circumstances, as a litigant attempting to remove information from search engines risks the litigation itself being reported as valid, current news.[7][8][9][10][11]

The phenomenon is well-known in Chinese culture, expressed by the chengyu "wishing to cover, more conspicuous" (欲蓋彌彰, pinyin: Yù gài mí zhāng).[12]

## Origin

[edit]

The Streisand effect is named after Barbra Streisand

In 2003, the American singer and actress Barbra Streisand sued the photographer Kenneth Adelman and Pictopia.com for US$50 million for violation of privacy.[13][14][15] The lawsuit sought to remove "Image 3850", an aerial photograph in which Streisand's mansion was visible, from the publicly available California Coastal Records Project of 12,000 California coastline photographs. As the project's goal was to document coastal erosion to influence government policymakers, privacy concerns of homeowners were deemed to be of minor or no importance.[4][16][17][18][19] The lawsuit was dismissed and Streisand was ordered to pay Adelman's $177,000 legal attorney fees.[13][20][21][22][23] "Image 3850" had been downloaded only six times prior to Streisand's lawsuit, two of those being by Streisand's attorneys;[24] public awareness of the case led to more than 420,000 people visiting the site over the following month.[25]

Two years later, Mike Masnick of Techdirt named the effect after the Streisand incident when writing about Marco Beach Ocean Resort's takedown notice to urinal.net (a site dedicated to photographs of urinals) over its use of the resort's name.[26][27]

> How long is it going to take before lawyers realize that the simple act of trying to repress something they don't like online is likely to make it so that something that most people would never, ever see (like a photo of a urinal in some random beach resort) is now seen by many more people? Let's call it the Streisand Effect.

> — Mike Masnick, "Since When Is It Illegal To Just Mention A Trademark Online?", Techdirt (January 5, 2005)[28]

### Streisand's perspective

[edit]

In her 2023 autobiography My Name Is Barbra, Streisand, citing security problems with intruders, wrote:[29]

> My issue was never with the photo ... it was only about the use of my name attached to the photo. I felt I was standing up for a principle, but in retrospect, it was a mistake. I also assumed that my lawyer had done exactly as I wished and simply asked to take my name off the photo.

According to Vanity Fair, "she... didn't want her name to be publicized with [the photo], for security reasons."[30] Since the controversy, Streisand has published numerous detailed photos of the property on social media and in her 2010 book, My Passion For Design.[13]

## Other examples

[edit]

Main article: List of Streisand effect examples

### In politics and government

[edit]

When the French intelligence agency DCRI tried to delete Wikipedia's article about the military radio station of Pierre-sur-Haute, much of which came from a documentary made with the cooperation of the French Air Force and freely available on-line,[31][32] the article became the French Wikipedia's most-viewed page.

The French intelligence agency DCRI's attempt to delete the French Wikipedia article about the military radio station of Pierre-sur-Haute[33] resulted in the restored article temporarily becoming the most-viewed page on the French Wikipedia.[34]

In October 2020, the New York Post published emails from a laptop owned by Hunter Biden, the son of then Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden, detailing an alleged corruption scheme.[35] After internal discussion that debated whether the story may have originated from Russian misinformation and propaganda, Twitter blocked the story from their platform and locked the accounts of those who shared a link to the article, including the New York Post's own Twitter account, and White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany, among others.[36] Researchers at MIT cited the increase of 5,500 shares every 15 minutes to about 10,000 shares shortly after Twitter censored the story, as evidence of the Streisand Effect nearly doubling the attention the story received.[37] Twitter removed the ban the following day.

### By businesses

[edit]

See also: AACS encryption key controversy

In April 2007, a group of companies that used Advanced Access Content System (AACS) encryption issued cease-and-desist letters demanding that the system's 128-bit (16-byte) numerical key (represented in hexadecimal as `09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0`) be removed from several high-profile websites, including Digg. With the numerical key and some software, it was possible to decrypt the video content on HD DVDs. This led to the key's proliferation across other sites and chat rooms in various formats, with one commentator describing it as having become "the most famous number on the Internet".[38] Within a month, the key had been reprinted on over 280,000 pages, printed on T-shirts and tattoos, published as a book, and appeared on YouTube in a song played over 800,000 times.[39]

In September 2009, multi-national oil company Trafigura obtained in a British court a super-injunction to prevent The Guardian newspaper from reporting on an internal Trafigura investigation into the 2006 Ivory Coast toxic waste dump scandal. A super-injunction prevents reporting on even the existence of the injunction. Using parliamentary privilege, Labour MP Paul Farrelly referred to the super-injunction in a parliamentary question and on October 12, 2009, The Guardian reported that it had been gagged from reporting on the parliamentary question, in violation of the Bill of Rights 1689.[40][41][42] Blogger Richard Wilson correctly identified the blocked question as referring to the Trafigura waste dump scandal, after which The Spectator suggested the same. Not long after, Trafigura began trending on Twitter, helped along by Stephen Fry's retweeting the story to his followers.[43] Twitter users soon tracked down all details of the case, and by October 16, the super-injunction had been lifted and the report published.[44]

On 11 March 2025, the book Careless People: A Cautionary Tale of Power, Greed, and Lost Idealism by Sarah Wynn-Williams was published. It details the author’s experiences working at Facebook (now Meta) and explores the company’s internal culture, decision-making processes, and role in reshaping global events. Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg responded by seeking relief at the Emergency International Arbitral Tribunal, which enjoined Wynn-Williams "from making orally, in writing, or otherwise any disparaging, critical or otherwise detrimental comments to any person or entity concerning [Meta], its officers, directors, or employees".[45][46] Macmillan, the UK publisher, later issued a statement saying that it would ignore the ruling.[45] The book reached number one on the New York Times bestseller list by 20 March 2025.[47] Meta described the book as "a mix of out-of-date and previously reported claims about the company and false accusations about [its] executives".[47]

### By other organizations

[edit]

In January 2008, the Church of Scientology's attempts to get Internet websites to delete a video of Tom Cruise speaking about Scientology resulted in the creation of the protest movement Project Chanology.[48][49][50]

On December 5, 2008, the Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) added the English Wikipedia article about the 1976 Scorpions album Virgin Killer to a child pornography blacklist, considering the album's cover art "a potentially illegal indecent image of a child under the age of 18".[48] The article quickly became one of the most popular pages on the site,[51] and the publicity surrounding the IWF action resulted in the image being spread across other sites.[52]

The IWF was later reported on the BBC News website to have said "IWF's overriding objective is to minimise the availability of indecent images of children on the Internet, however, on this occasion our efforts have had the opposite effect".[53] This effect was also noted by the IWF in its statement about the removal of the URL from the blacklist.[54][55]

### By individuals

[edit]

In May 2011, Premier League footballer Ryan Giggs sued Twitter after a user revealed that Giggs was the subject of an anonymous privacy injunction (informally referred to as a "super-injunction")[56] that prevented the publication of details regarding an alleged affair with model and former Big Brother contestant Imogen Thomas.

A blogger for the Forbes website observed that the British media, which were banned from breaking the terms of the injunction, had mocked the footballer for not understanding the effect.[57] Dan Sabbagh from The Guardian subsequently posted a graph detailing—without naming the player—the number of references to the player's name against time, showing a large spike following the news that the player was seeking legal action.[58]

In 2013, a BuzzFeed article showcasing photos from the Super Bowl contained several photos of Beyoncé making unflattering poses and faces, resulting in her publicist contacting BuzzFeed via email and requesting the removal of the images.[59] In response to the email, BuzzFeed republished the images, which subsequently became much more well-known across the internet.[60]

In December 2022, Twitter CEO Elon Musk banned the Twitter account @elonjet, a bot that reported his private jet's movements based on public domain flight data,[61] citing concerns about his family's safety.[62] The ban drew further media coverage and public attention to Musk's comments on allowing free speech across the Twitter platform.[63][64] Musk received further criticism after banning several journalists who had referred to the "ElonJet" account or been critical of Musk in the past.[65]

## See also

[edit]

* Internet portal

* Banned in Boston – Phrase used to describe a work prohibited in Boston
* Blowback (intelligence) – Unintended consequence of covert operations, typically involving rogue terrorist groups
* DSMA-Notice – UK request to not publish informationPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets (popularly known as a "D notice")
* The History of Sexuality – Four-volume book by Michel Foucault
* Hydra effect – Paradox originating from the Greek legend of the Lernaean Hydra
* List of eponymous laws – Adages and sayings named after a person
* Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority v. Anderson – Action to block publication of vulnerability
* McLibel case – Legal action against and by activists
* Perverse incentive – Incentive with unintended results ("Cobra effect")
* Reactance (psychology) – Unpleasant emotion experienced when behavioral freedom is threatened
* Red triangle (Channel 4) – Adult content warning used by Channel 4 from 1986 to 1987
* Royal Family (film)
* Strategic lawsuit against public participation (SLAPP) – Litigation intended to silence critics
* Succès de scandale – Term meaning "success from scandal"

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Burnett, Dean (May 22, 2015). "Why government censorship [in no way at all] carries greater risks than benefits". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on April 24, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
2. ^ Canton, David (November 5, 2005). "Today's Business Law: Attempt to suppress can backfire". The London Free Press. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved July 21, 2007. "The 'Streisand effect' is what happens when someone tries to suppress something and the opposite occurs. The act of suppressing it raises the profile, making it much more well known than it ever would have been."
3. ^ Mugrabi, Sunshine (January 22, 2007). "YouTube – Censored? Offending Paula Abdul clips are abruptly taken down". Red Herring. Archived from the original on February 18, 2007. Retrieved July 21, 2007. "Another unintended consequence of this move could be that it extends the kerfuffle over Ms. Abdul's behavior rather than addressing it. Mr. Nguyen called this the 'Barbra Streisand effect', referring to that actress's insistence that paparazzi photos of her mansion not be used"
4. ^ a b Canton, David (November 5, 2005). "Today's Business Law: Attempt to suppress can backfire". The London Free Press. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved July 21, 2007. "The 'Streisand effect' is what happens when someone tries to suppress something and the opposite occurs. The act of suppressing it raises the profile, making it much more well known than it ever would have been."
5. ^ Mugrabi, Sunshine (January 22, 2007). "YouTube – Censored? Offending Paula Abdul clips are abruptly taken down". Red Herring. Archived from the original on February 18, 2007. Retrieved July 21, 2007. "Another unintended consequence of this move could be that it extends the kerfuffle over Ms. Abdul's behavior rather than quelling it. Mr. Nguyen called this the 'Barbra Streisand effect', referring to that actress's insistence that paparazzi photos of her mansion not be used"
6. ^ Burnett, Dean (May 22, 2015). "Why government censorship [in no way at all] carries greater risks than benefits". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on April 24, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
7. ^ Kocharyan, Hovsep; Hamuľák, Ondrej; Vardanyan, Lusine (December 1, 2022). ""The Right to be Remembered?": The Contemporary Challenges of the "Streisand Effect" in the European Judicial Reality". International and Comparative Law Review. 22 (2): 105–120\. doi:10.2478/iclr-2022-0017.
8. ^ "Google's right to be forgotten creates Streisand effect". Recombu. July 3, 2014. Archived from the original on December 8, 2014.
9. ^ "Techno File: Exercising 'right to be forgotten' could spark 'Streisand effect'". BDlive. July 23, 2014. Archived from the original on July 25, 2014.
10. ^ Mach, Martin (August 1, 2022). "Streisand Effect in the Context of the Right to be Forgotten". European Studies. 9 (1): 110–121\. doi:10.2478/eustu-2022-0005.
11. ^ Vardanyan, Lusine; Kocharyan, Hovsep; Hamulák, Ondrej; Mesarčík, Matúš; Kerikmäe, Tanel; Kookmaa, Tea (June 30, 2023). "The Unwanted Paradoxes Of the Right to Be Forgotten". Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology. 17 (1): 87–109\. doi:10.5817/MUJLT2023-1-3.
12. ^ "史翠珊與潘朵拉效應 欲蓋彌彰愈蓋愈彰" (in Chinese). eDigest. August 8, 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
13. ^ a b c Byrne, Suzy (November 6, 2023). "Yahoo Celebrity — What is 'the Streisand effect'? Barbra Streisand addresses infamous invasion of privacy lawsuit in new memoir". Yahoo Entertainment – via Yahoo!. "When I first heard the term, I naively thought, Is that about the effect of my music?" she wrote in her book. "Little did I know."
14. ^ Barbara Streisand v. Kenneth Adelman Et. Al.,  Cal.Super. (Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles May 20, 2003)No. SC077257
15. ^ Parkinson, Justin (July 31, 2014). "The perils of the Streisand Effect". BBC. Archived from the original on January 13, 2016.
16. ^ Li, Charlene (June 22, 2010). "Groundswell. Winning in a World Transformed by Social Technologies". Strategic Direction. 26 (8). doi:10.1108/sd.2010.05626hae.002. ISSN 0258-0543.
17. ^ Masnick, Mike (January 5, 2005). "Since When Is It Illegal to Just Mention a Trademark Online?". Techdirt. Archived from the original on November 30, 2012.
18. ^ "Barbra Sues Over Aerial Photos". The Smoking Gun. May 30, 2003. Archived from the original on April 17, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
19. ^ "California Coastal Records Project". californiacoastline.org. Archived from the original on April 7, 2008.
20. ^ Streisand v. Adelman, et al., in California Superior Court; Case SC077257
21. ^ Adelman, Kenneth (May 13, 2007). "Barbra Streisand Sues to Suppress Free Speech Protection for Widely Acclaimed Website". California Coastal Records Project. Archived from the original on April 7, 2008. Retrieved April 8, 2008.
22. ^ "Streisand's Lawsuit to Silence Coastal Website Dismissed" (Press release). Mindfully.org. December 3, 2003. Archived from the original on July 6, 2009. Retrieved April 8, 2008.
23. ^ Weiss, Kenneth (May 28, 2004). "Judge Orders Streisand to Pay $177,000 for Photographer's Legal Fees". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
24. ^ "Barbara Streisand vs. Kenneth Adelman, Ruling on submitted matters, tentative decision and proposed statement of decision" (PDF). p. 6\. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 24, 2015. Retrieved September 24, 2014. "Image 3850 was downloaded six times, twice to the Internet address of counsel for plaintiff" In addition, two prints of the picture were ordered—one by Streisand's counsel and one by Streisand's neighbor.
25. ^ Rogers, Paul (June 24, 2003). "Photo of Streisand home becomes an Internet hit". San Jose Mercury News, mirrored at californiacoastline.org. Archived from the original on July 30, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2007.
26. ^ Siegel, Robert (February 29, 2008). "The Streisand Effect' Snags Effort to Hide Documents". All Things Considered. NPR. Archived from the original on March 6, 2018.
27. ^ Masnick, Mike (January 8, 2015). "For 10 Years Everyone's Been Using 'The Streisand Effect' Without Paying; Now I'm Going To Start Issuing Takedowns". Techdirt. Archived from the original on March 1, 2022. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
28. ^ Masnick, Mike (January 5, 2005). "Since When Is It Illegal To Just Mention A Trademark Online?".
29. ^ Streisand, Barbra (2023). My Name Is Barbra. US & UK: Viking. pp. 906–907\. ISBN 9781529136890.
30. ^ Jones, Radhika (October 7, 2023). "Malibu Barbra: Inside Barbra Streisand's World". Vanity Fair. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
31. ^ Willsher, Kim (April 7, 2013). "French secret service accused of censorship over Wikipedia page". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 11, 2019. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
32. ^ Poncet, Guerric (April 9, 2013). "Wikipédia et DCRI : la chaîne locale "s'attend" à être censurée". Le Point (in French). Paris. Archived from the original on October 22, 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
33. ^ Communiqué from the Wikimedia Foundation, April 6, 2013
34. ^ Geuss, Megan. "Wikipedia editor allegedly forced by French intelligence to delete "classified" entry". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on April 8, 2013. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
35. ^ Morris, Emma-Jo; Fonrouge, Gabrielle (October 14, 2020). "Smoking-gun email reveals how Hunter Biden introduced Ukrainian businessman to VP dad". New York Post. Archived from the original on October 14, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
36. ^ Rushe, Dominic (October 26, 2017). "Twitter bans ads from RT and Sputnik over election interference". The Guardian. Retrieved April 14, 2022. "Company announced decision following US intelligence community's conclusion that Russian media outlets sought to interfere with the US election"
37. ^ Ohlheiser, Abby (October 16, 2020). "Twitter's ban almost doubled attention for Biden misinformation". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
38. ^ Stone, Brad (May 3, 2007). "In Web Uproar, Antipiracy Code Spreads Wildly". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. "The ironic thing is, because they tried to quiet it down it's the most famous number on the Internet."
39. ^ Greenberg, Andy (May 11, 2007). "The Streisand Effect". Forbes. Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. Retrieved February 29, 2008.
40. ^ Leigh, David (October 12, 2009). "Guardian gagged from reporting parliament". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on October 5, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2011.
41. ^ Leigh, David (October 13, 2009). "Guardian seeks urgent court hearing over parliament reporting gag". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on October 5, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2011.
42. ^ Aditya Chakrabortty (October 19, 2009). "Brain food: Internet censorship and the Barbra Streisand effect". The Guardian. London.
43. ^ Jacobson, Seth. "Twitter claims new scalp as Trafigura backs down". The First Post. Archived from the original on August 28, 2010. Retrieved May 21, 2011.
44. ^ Beckford, Martin; Watt, Holly (October 16, 2009). "Secret Trafigura report said 'likely cause' of illness was release of toxic gas from dumped waste". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on July 31, 2017.
45. ^ a b Naughton, John (March 15, 2025). "Whistleblower's exposé of the cult of Zuckerberg reveals peril of power-crazy tech bros". The Guardian. London, United Kingdom. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved March 15, 2025.
46. ^ Isaac, Mike (March 13, 2025). "Meta seeks to block further sales of ex-employee's scathing memoir". The New York Times. New York, USA. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 16, 2025.
47. ^ a b Creamer, Ella (March 20, 2025). "Meta exposé tops bestseller chart despite company's attempt to ban its promotion". The Guardian. London, United Kingdom. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved March 21, 2025.
48. ^ a b Arthur, Charles (March 20, 2009). "The Streisand effect: Secrecy in the digital age". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on September 6, 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
49. ^ Cacciottolo, Mario (June 15, 2012). "The Streisand Effect: When censorship backfires". BBC News. Retrieved January 3, 2025.
50. ^ "What is 'The Streisand Effect'?". The Daily Telegraph. London. January 31, 2009. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
51. ^ Metz, Cade (December 7, 2008). "Brit ISPs censor Wikipedia over 'child porn' album cover". The Register. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved December 9, 2008.
52. ^ Moses, Asher (December 8, 2008). "Wikipedia added to child pornography blacklist". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved December 9, 2008.
53. ^ "IWF backs down on Wiki censorship". BBC News. December 9, 2008. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. Retrieved December 9, 2008.
54. ^ Morozov, Evgeny (December 26, 2008). "Living with the Streisand Effect". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 7, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2008.
55. ^ "IWF statement regarding Wikipedia webpage" (Press release). Internet Watch Foundation. December 9, 2008. Archived from the original on January 1, 2011. Retrieved September 24, 2013.
56. ^ Townend, Judith (May 20, 2011). "Lord Neuberger's report cuts through the superinjunction hysteria". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on December 22, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2011.
57. ^ Hill, Kashmir (September 30, 2009). "He-Who-Cannot-Be-Named (In The UK) Sues Twitter Over A User Naming Him". Forbes. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011. Retrieved May 21, 2011. "Apparently, though, CTB's lawyers have not heard of the "Streisand effect"."
58. ^ Sabbagh, Dan (May 20, 2011). "Twitter and the mystery footballer". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on December 21, 2014. Retrieved May 24, 2011.
59. ^ "The 'Unflattering' Photos Beyoncé's Publicist Doesn't Want You To See". BuzzFeed. February 5, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2024.
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63. ^ Smith, Ryan (December 16, 2022). "What Is Streisand Effect? Elon Musk Alludes to Phenomenon Amid Twitter Bans". Newsweek.
64. ^ Reimann, Nicholas; Hart, Robert (December 15, 2022). "Twitter Suspends Accounts For Rival Mastodon And Several High-Profile Journalists". Forbes. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
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## External links

[edit]

Wikiquote has quotations related to Streisand effect.

Look up Streisand effect in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

* "The perils of the Streisand effect". Parkinson, Justin. BBC News, July 31, 2014.

* v
* t
* e

Unintended consequences

* Abilene paradox
* Adverse effect
* Blowback (intelligence)
* Braess's paradox
* Butterfly effect
* Campbell's law
* Cobra effect
* CSI effect
* Externality
* Excess burden of taxation
* Four Pests campaign
* Goodhart's law
* Hawthorne effect
* Hutber's law
* Hydra effect
* Inverse consequences
* Jevons paradox
* Murphy's law
* Nocebo
* Osborne effect
* Parable of the broken window
* Paradox of enrichment
* Parkinson's law
* Perverse incentive
* Rebound effect (conservation)
* Risk compensation
* Self-defeating prophecy
* Self-refuting idea
* Serendipity
* Social trap
* Streisand effect
* Tragedy of the commons
* Tyranny of small decisions

* v
* t
* e

Barbra Streisand

* Discography
* Songs
* Filmography
* Accolades

Studio albums|

* The Barbra Streisand Album (1963)
* The Second Barbra Streisand Album (1963)
* The Third Album (1964)
* People (1964)
* My Name Is Barbra (1965)
* My Name Is Barbra, Two... (1965)
* Color Me Barbra (1966)
* Je m'appelle Barbra (1966)
* Simply Streisand (1967)
* A Christmas Album (1967)
* What About Today? (1969)
* Stoney End (1971)
* Barbra Joan Streisand (1971)
* Barbra Streisand...and Other Musical Instruments (1973)
* The Way We Were (1974)
* ButterFly (1974)
* Lazy Afternoon (1975)
* Classical Barbra (1976)
* Superman (1977)
* Songbird (1978)
* Wet (1979)
* Guilty (1980)
* Emotion (1984)
* The Broadway Album (1985)
* Till I Loved You (1988)
* Back to Broadway (1993)
* Higher Ground (1997)
* A Love Like Ours (1999)
* Christmas Memories (2001)
* The Movie Album (2003)
* Guilty Pleasures (2005)
* Love Is the Answer (2009)
* What Matters Most (2011)
* Partners (2014)
* Encore: Movie Partners Sing Broadway (2016)
* Walls (2018)
* The Secret of Life: Partners, Volume Two (2025)

Live albums|

* A Happening in Central Park (1968)
* Live Concert at the Forum (1972)
* One Voice (1987)
* Barbra: The Concert (1994)
* Timeless: Live in Concert (2000)
* Live in Concert 2006 (2007)
* Back to Brooklyn (2013)
* The Music...The Mem'ries...The Magic! (2017)
* Live at the Bon Soir (2022)

Compilations|

* Barbra Streisand's Greatest Hits (1970)
* Barbra Streisand's Greatest Hits Volume 2 (1978)
* Memories (1981)
* A Collection: Greatest Hits...and More (1989)
* Just for the Record... (1991)
* The Essential Barbra Streisand (2002)
* Duets (2002)
* Barbra: The Ultimate Collection (2010)
* Release Me (2012)
* The Classic Christmas Album (2013)
* Release Me 2 (2021)
* Evergreens: Celebrating Six Decades on Columbia Records (2023)

Cast recordings
and soundtracks|

* I Can Get It for You Wholesale (1962)
* Funny Girl (1964)
* Funny Girl (1968)
* Hello, Dolly! (1969)
* The Owl and the Pussycat (1970)
* On a Clear Day You Can See Forever (1970)
* The Way We Were (1974)
* Funny Lady (1975)
* A Star Is Born (1976)
* Yentl (1983)
* Nuts (1987)

Television specials
and videos|

* My Name Is Barbra (1965)
* Timeless: Live in Concert (2001)
* One Night Only: Barbra Streisand and Quartet at The Village Vanguard (2010)

Tours|

* Barbra Streisand in Concert
* Timeless
* Streisand
* Barbra Live
* Barbra: The Music, The Mem'ries, The Magic

Films directed|

* Yentl (1983)
* The Prince of Tides (1991)
* The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996)

Related articles|

* Streisand effect
* "Mecha-Streisand"
* Harold Sings Arlen (With Friend) (featuring album)
* Elliott Gould (first husband)
* Jason Gould (son)
* James Brolin (second husband)
* Roslyn Kind (half-sister)
* My Name Is Barbra (2023 memoir)

* Category

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template