Strident vowel

Strongly pharyngealized vowels accompanied by (ary)epiglottal trill

Strident vowel

Strident vowels (also called sphincteric vowels) are strongly pharyngealized vowels accompanied by an (ary)epiglottal trill, with the larynx being raised and the pharynx constricted.[1][2] Either the epiglottis or the arytenoid cartilages thus vibrate instead of the vocal cords. That is, the epiglottal trill is the voice source for such sounds.

Strident vowels are fairly common in Khoisan languages, which contrasts them with simple pharyngealized vowels. Stridency is used in onomatopoeia in Zulu and Lamba.[3][page needed] Stridency may be a type of phonation called harsh voice. A similar phonation, without the trill, is called ventricular voice; both have been called pressed voice.[citation needed] Bai, of southern China, has a register system that has allophonic strident and pressed vowels.

Subscript double tilde on the letter ⟨a⟩ (⟨a᷽⟩), to represent a strident vowel

There is no official symbol for stridency in the IPA, but a superscript ⟨ʢ⟩ (for a voiced epiglottal trill) is often used.[citation needed] In some literature, a subscript double tilde (≈) is sometimes used.[1]

It has been accepted into Unicode, at code points U+1DFD and U+107B4.

## Languages

[edit]

These languages use phonemic strident vowels:

* Tuu languages
* Taa (See Taa vowels)
* ǃKwi (ǃUi)
* Nǁng (a dialect cluster; moribund)
* ǀXam (a dialect cluster, including Nǀuusaa) †

## See also

[edit]

* Nasal vowel
* Vowel

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers. pp. 310–311. ISBN 0-631-19814-8. LCCN 94-49209.
2. ^ Miller-Ockhuizen, Amanda (2003). The phonetics and phonology of gutturals: case study from Juǀʼhoansi. Outstanding dissertations in Linguistics. New York City, NY: Routledge. p. 99\. doi:10.4324/9780203506400. ISBN 978-0-415-86141-0. LCCN 2003046887.
3. ^ Doke, C. M. (1936). "An outline of ǂKhomani Bushman phonetics". Bantu Studies. 10 (1): 433–460. doi:10.1080/02561751.1936.9676037.

## Sources

[edit]

* Moisik, Scott; Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa; Esling, John H. (Winter 2012). Loughran, Jenny; McKillen, Alanah (eds.). "The Epilaryngeal Articulator: A New Conceptual Tool for Understanding Lingual-Laryngeal Contrasts". McGill Working Papers in Linguistics. 22 (1). McGill University.

* v
* t
* e

Phonation

| Glottal states (from open to closed)

| Breath| Breathy| Slack voice| Modal voice| Stiff voice| Creaky voice| Glottalized| Ballistic

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

(full airstream)| (murmur,
whispery voice)| (intermediate)| (maximum vibration)| (intermediate)| (restricted airstream)| (blocked airstream)| (fortis)

Supra-glottal phonation|

* Faucalized voice ("hollow")
* Harsh/ventricular voice ("pressed")
* Strident voice (epiglottal trilled)

Non-phonemic phonation|

* Whisper
* Falsetto
* Vibrato

This phonetics article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

|

* v
* t
* e

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template