Subterranean Toledo

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Subterranean Toledo is an underground city in Toledo, Spain made up of wells, caves, Roman, Arabic, and Jewish baths, as well as cemeteries.

## Wells and Aljibes

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A well in the courtyard of the Museo el Greco

Main article: Wells of Toledo

There are many wells in Toledo. Aljibes are commonly found near wells that derive their name from a Spanish word originating from an Arabic word meaning 'cistern.'

## Caves

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The best-known cave in Toledo is the Cave of Hercules. There are several legends surrounding this cave, but the most recognized is the story of how Don Rodrigo in part caused the fall of Spain to the Moors by completing Hercules’ prophecy and opening the cave. Some private residences within the old town also have historic caves that are sometimes available to the public, and sometimes caves can be found beneath homes.

## Baths

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An underground bath in the Jewish Quarter of Toledo

Another large part of the Toledo underground is the Roman, Arabic, and Judaic baths. Included on the list of known historic baths in Toledo are: the Baños del Ángel, the baños de Tenerías, the Baños del Caballel, and the Baños del Cenizal which are all Arabic baths one can visit. There are also the reconstructed Roman baths of the Plaza de Amador de los Ríos,[1] and finally underneath a house in the Jewish Quarter there is thought to be a mikveh, for purification baths – for which naturally running water was needed.[2]

## Cemeteries

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The "cementerio general de la Vega Baja” was first built in part to accommodate for the massive increase in the death toll from cholera. The cemetery took in new graves from 1836 to 1893, at which time the families actually had to move deceased loved ones’ graves to the cemetery of Our Lady of the Sagrario, when the city announced they would be demolishing the deteriorating cemetery. There were also several smaller church and hospital-specific cemeteries around the city.[3] Outside of the old Hospital de la Misericordia there was a cemetery that began as a burial place for all who died at the hospital, but when cholera hit, it quickly became a cemetery strictly for the nuns who lived and died there.[4] Another hospital, the Hospital de Tavera, contains the crypt and marble sculpture of the Cardenal Tavera, who built the hospital. Another crypt exists in the Iglesia de San Roman, and within lies skeletons and even some well-remained mummies, and another mummy, that of King Sancho IV was found in 1947 in the Cathedral of Toledo.[5] In 2008, a previously undiscovered Jewish cemetery was found during a routine archeological excavation that always takes place before new construction begins.[6]

## See also

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* Wells of Toledo

## References

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1. ^ "Los baños y cuevas de Toledo". Sapos y Princesas. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
2. ^ Arias, Jose María Gutiérrez. "El micvé del Callejón del Verde". Ayudas a la rehabilitación: Consorcio de Toledo. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
3. ^ "El Cementerio Municipal de la Vega Baja". Ayuntamiento de Toledo.
4. ^ Cerdeño, Jesús J. "El Cementerio de La Misericordia, Toledo". Tres Culturas. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
5. ^ Oliva, Juan Luis Alonso. "Momias en Toledo". Leyendas de Toledo. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
6. ^ "La Judería de Toledo: El Cementerio". Todo Calidad. Retrieved 19 June 2017.

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Toledo landmarks

Gates|

* Puerta Bab al-Mardum
* Puerta de Alarcones
* Puerta de Alcántara
* Puerta de Bisagra
* Puerta de Bisagra Nueva
* Puerta del Cambrón
* Puerta de los Doce Cantos
* Puerta del Sol
* Puerta del Vado

Religious buildings|

* Agustinas Calzadas
* Carmelitas Descalzas de San José
* Carmelitas Descalzos
* Cristo de la Vega
* El Salvador
* La Magdalena
* Las Concepcionistas
* Monastery of San Juan de los Reyes
* Monastery of Santo Domingo el Antiguo
* Monastery of Santo Domingo el Real
* Mosque of Cristo de la Luz
* Mosque of las Tornerías
* Nuestra Señora de la Estrella
* Purísima Concepción
* San Andrés
* San Antonio de Padua
* San Bartolomé
* San Cipriano
* San Clemente
* San Felipe de Neri
* San Idelfonso
* San Juan de la Penitencia
* San Lorenzo
* San Lucas
* San Miguel el Alto
* San Pedro Mártir
* San Román
* San Sebastián
* Santa Clara la Real
* Santa Fé
* Santa Isabel de los Reyes
* Santa Leocadia
* Santas Justa y Rufina
* Santa Úrsula
* Santiago del Arrabal
* Santos Justo y Pastor
* Santo Tomé
* San Vicente
* Synagogue of Santa María la Blanca
* Synagogue of El Transito
* Toledo Cathedral
* Tower of San Cristóbal

Bridges|

* Puente de San Martín
* Roman Puente de Alcántara

Other sights|

* Alcázar of Toledo
* Alhóndiga
* Arab baths of Ángel
* Arab baths of Caballel
* Arab baths of Cenizal
* Arab baths of Tenerías
* Archbishop's Palace
* Basements of Cardenal Cisneros
* Bullring
* Castle of San Servando
* Cerro del Bu
* Cigarrales
* Colegio de Nuestra Señora de los Infantes
* Cortes of Castile-La Mancha
* Flour factory San José
* Former Casino
* Hospital del Nuncio Nuevo
* Infantry Academy
* Islamic Halls of Colegio de Doncellas
* Palacio de Fuensalida
* Palacio de Galiana
* Palacio de La Cava
* Palacio del Marqués de Malpica
* Real Colegio de Doncellas Nobles
* Roman aqueducts
* Roman baths
* Roman Cave of Hercules
* Roman circus of Toledo
* Roman remains under Alfonso X
* Roman vaults of Nuncio Viejo
* School of Arts and Crafts of Toledo
* The Jewish House
* The Templar House
* Toledo railway station
* Well of El Salvador
* University of Castilla-La Mancha
* Juridical and Social Sciences faculty
* Vice-Rectorate of Teaching and International Relations
* Walls

Museums and
performing arts|

* Caja Castilla-La Mancha Foundation
* El Greco Museum
* Hospital de Tavera
* Army Museum of Toledo
* Museum of Santa Cruz
* San Marcos Arts Centre
* Sephardic Museum
* Teatro Rojas
* Workshop of the Moor

Streets and squares|

* Plaza de San Justo
* Plaza de las Cuatro Calles
* Plaza de Zocodover
* Plaza Nueva

See also|

* Jewish quarter of Toledo
* Subterranean Toledo

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Man-made and man-related subterranea

Natural features|

* Cave
* Cenote
* Grotto
* Sinkhole

Civilian features|

* Bank vault
* Basement
* Burial vault (tomb)
* Borehole
* Catacombs
* Dungeon
* Dugout (shelter)
* Dry well
* Earth shelter
* Erdstall
* Fogou
* Hypogeum
* Manhole
* Rapid transit
* Rock-cut tomb
* Root cellar
* Tunnel
* Utility vault
* Underground city
* Well
* Wine cave
* Secret passage
* Semi-basement
* Stepwell
* Storm cellar
* Smuggling tunnel
* Ventilation shaft

Military features|

* Air raid shelter
* Bunker
* Blast shelter
* Casemate
* Fallout shelter
* Missile launch facility (silo)
* Scallywag bunker
* Underground base
* Underground hangar
* Spider hole

Mining, quarrying, and
underground construction|

* Rock-cut architecture
* Subsurface utility engineering
* Tunnel construction
* Underground mine ventilation
* Underground hard-rock mining
* Underground soft-rock mining

Related topics|

* Cave dweller
* Caves of Maastricht
* Civil defense
* Coober Pedy
* Houston tunnel system
* Kőbánya cellar system
* Tunnel warfare
* Tunnel network
* Trench warfare
* Underground living
* Underground City (Beijing)
* Underground City, Montreal
* Mine exploration
* Mines of Paris
* Mole people
* Naples underground geothermal zone
* Sapping
* Subterranean London
* Subterranean Toledo
* Subterranean warfare
* Subterranean fiction

Earth shelters US|

* Bill Gates' house
* Forestiere Underground Gardens
* Underground House Colorado
* Underground House Las Vegas
* Underground World Home

Earth shelters UK|

* Underhill, Holme
* Hockerton Housing Project
* Malator

Earth shelters Australia|

* Coober Pedy
* Lightning Ridge

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