Suffs

Musical by Shaina Taub

Suffs

Broadway Promotional Poster

Music| Shaina Taub
Lyrics| Shaina Taub
Book| Shaina Taub
Basis| Women's suffrage in the United States
Premiere| April 6, 2022: The Public Theater
Productions| 2022 Off-Broadway
2024 Broadway
Awards| Tony Award for Best Book
Tony Award for Best Score
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Music

Suffs is a musical with music, lyrics, and a book by Shaina Taub, based on suffragists and the American women's suffrage movement, focusing primarily on the historical events leading up to the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1920 that gave some women the right to vote.[1]

The show premiered off-Broadway at The Public Theater in April 2022. It opened on Broadway on April 18, 2024, at the Music Box Theatre, where it received mostly positive reviews from critics. It was nominated for six Tony Awards, including Best Musical, winning two, for Best Book and Best Score.[2][3]

## Plot

[edit]

### Act 1

[edit]

At the 1913 National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Convention, Carrie Chapman Catt gives a speech calling for support for women's suffrage ("Let Mother Vote"). Alice Paul, exhausted by NAWSA's slow progress, proposes a march on Washington, D.C. on the day of President Woodrow Wilson's inauguration, to pressure him to support a federal amendment for suffrage. Carrie refuses, preferring NAWSA's approach of gaining suffrage state-by-state. Irritated and unwilling to give up, Alice resolves to see equality for all achieved in her lifetime ("Finish the Fight"). She recruits her college friend Lucy Burns[a] to help organize the march themselves, and they further recruit socialite Inez Milholland and Polish labor organizer Ruza Wenclawska, and accept visiting Nebraska college student Doris Stevens as their secretary ("Find a Way"). As the march approaches, Southern delegations object to Black women marching alongside white women in their respective delegations. Not wanting to derail the march, Alice elects to compromise by setting up a separate colored women delegation; prominent African-American journalist and activist Ida B. Wells confronts the organizers to declare her intention to march with her own state delegation, and harshly criticizes Alice for being willing to compromise with the march's Southern backers at the expense of Black women ("Wait My Turn").

On the morning of the march, Ida runs into her friend and fellow Black activist Mary Church Terrell, along with her daughter Phyllis. Ida favors direct actions to draw attention, while Mary prefers an approach of "dignified agitation", working within the system to fight for colored women's rights, which causes a rift between them, though they both march with the hope of uplifting Black voices ("Terrell's Theme"). The Woman Suffrage Procession faces some violent pushback, but they succeed in completing the march ("The March (We Demand Equality)"). As the organizers celebrate, Doris expresses distress over having been called a "bitch" by one of the counter-protestors. Alice, Ruza, Inez, and Lucy encourage Doris to embrace this label as a sign of her strength in the face of sexist men ("Great American Bitch"). Carrie offers NAWSA's backing to the newly-formed Congressional Union (CU) for Woman Suffrage, made up of the march's organizers, although she and Alice still disagree on their respective approaches. The CU go to the White House for a meeting with Wilson, who offers them lip service about his condescending and chauvinistic adoration for women ("Ladies"), but continually puts off publicly showing support in his first term. A frustrated Alice suggests NAWSA withdraw their support, but Carrie refuses to antagonize Wilson as he has pledged to keep the U.S. out of the war in Europe.

Alice's commitment to the movement takes a toll on her personal and social life, but she tells herself focusing on achieving women's suffrage will be worth the sacrifice ("Worth It"). Doris educates Wilson's chief of staff Dudley Field Malone on the movement by offering a hypothetical scenario of her rights if they were husband-and-wife; the two gradually fall for each other ("If We Were Married"). At the 1916 NAWSA Convention the divisions among the Suffs become clear; Mary, an invited speaker, wants to use her speech to highlight race, while Ida points out that NAWSA uses Mary to insulate themselves from being called racist. The CU disrupts the convention by publicly calling for NAWSA to organize against Wilson's reelection, criticizing the slower approach of "irrelevant old fogies" like Carrie ("The Convention Part 1"). Stunned and offended at having her contributions to the movement brushed aside ("This Girl"), Carrie publicly condemns Alice and privately informs her that her actions have no place in NAWSA ("The Convention Part 2"). With the CU effectively kicked out of NAWSA, Alice founds the National Woman's Party (NWP) and recruits Alva Belmont, a wealthy socialite and NAWSA donor, to fund it and continue with their anti-Wilson efforts ("Alva Belmont"). The NWP plans a campaign tour calling for women in states where they have voting rights to vote against Wilson. Inez tries to take a leave of absence due to exhaustion, but is convinced by Alice to go on the tour ("Show Them Who You Are"). Their efforts to vote Wilson out are unsuccessful and Wilson is re-elected ("The Campaign"); to make matters worse, a devastated Lucy returns from the tour with the news that Inez collapsed and died during one of her speeches, having hidden her anemia from the others. Heartbroken, the Suffs hold a vigil for Inez, and resolve to continue in her honor ("How Long?").

### Act 2

[edit]

The NWP organize the Silent Sentinels, standing in silence outside the White House gates until Wilson publicly supports suffrage. When Wilson declares that the U.S. will join the Great War, they hold up banners with his own words printed on them to highlight his hypocrisy, only to be arrested on Wilson's orders ("The Young Are At The Gates") and sentenced for the trumped up charge of obstructing traffic. Dudley, disgusted with Wilson and convinced of the cause, publicly resigns ("Respectfully Yours, Dudley Malone"). At Occoquan Workhouse, the group stages a hunger strike to protest their arrest, much to the frustration of Mrs. Herndon, the strict but sympathetic prison matron. The group soon falls into conflict as Ruza accuses Alice of trying to get them all killed with her methods, with Lucy and Doris unable to quell the argument ("Hold It Together"). Meanwhile, Carrie continues to back Wilson despite misgivings about his broken promises and treatment of the suffragists in prison. Dudley helps free Doris from prison by posing as her husband and joins the NWP. Mary argues with Ida about publicly condemning the war, as both express their fatigue over constantly fighting for Black women's rights and being ignored at every turn ("Wait My Turn (reprise)"). The strikers smuggle letters out of the prison with the help of Mrs. Herndon, describing the horrific abuse by prison staff; Wilson publishes press reports contradicting the letters ("The Report"). As Alice slowly starves to death in solitary confinement, she is met by prison staff member Dr. White, who threatens to have her committed if she continues striking. A hallucination of Inez confronts Alice, warning she will be no good to the wider movement if she dies ("Show Them Who You Are (reprise)"). Taking Inez's advice, Alice tells Dr. White she is willing to be called insane so long as it is known she is still fighting for what she believes in, and ends her hunger strike ("Insane"). White is moved by her words and refuses to have her committed, despite Wilson's orders.

Doris leaks the letters to the press, forcing Wilson to free the rest of the strikers. As the NWP burn Wilson in effigy after the war, a frustrated Carrie tells him that his broken promises have alienated even his less-radical base in NAWSA, and that he can easily quell dissent by supporting suffrage and publicly giving the credit to NAWSA ("Fire & Tea"). Wilson finally does so, but snidely reminds Carrie they still need enough state legislatures to ratify the amendment ("Let Mother Vote (reprise)"). In 1920, on the morning of the final vote for the Nineteenth Amendment in Tennessee, Carrie and Alice run into each other. At first they passive-aggressively blame each other for their struggles, but Carrie has an epiphany when she realizes that she was once the young upstart in the suffrage movement to the more conservative Susan B. Anthony, and that Alice chose the path of forceful resistance that Carrie had left behind ("She and I"). The Nineteenth Amendment vote comes down to a single vote from Senator Harry T. Burn, who is convinced to change his vote from a "Nay" to an "Aye" at the last minute after receiving a telegram from his mother, Phoebe, who reveals that she blames Wilson for her husband's death in the War but lacks the ability to vote against him ("A Letter From Harry's Mother"). Ida and Mary celebrate their success, but sadly agree that Black women will still be prevented from voting, just as Black men; Phyllis encourages them to keep faith that the movement will continue. The other women celebrate the amendment's passing ("I Was Here"); as Dudley and Doris plan to wed, Carrie invites her professional and romantic partner Mollie Hay to join her on a diplomatic trip abroad, as they lament that they do not have the freedom to truly live as a married couple ("If We Were Married (reprise)").

Alice pitches the NWP's next goal of getting the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) passed. However, the entire group is exhausted and decide to quit organizing: Doris plans to publish her memoirs about her experiences in the movement; Ruza wants to act on Broadway (“August 26th, 1920”). Lucy decides to retire from activism, though she assures Alice she values their shared fight ("Lucy's Song"). In the 1970s, an aged but still active Alice meets young activist Robin (played by the actress who played Phyllis), a representative from National Organization for Women who seeks Alice's support on radical movements. Alice disagrees with Robin's call for an intersectional approach, preferring the singular focus on the ERA, but is taken aback when Robin accuses her of being behind in her ways and points out how the 19th Amendment didn't make voting easier for Black women ("Finish the Fight (reprise)"). Realizing she has become the "old fogey" that Carrie was to her, Alice accepts she will not live to see the end of the fight for equality, but declares that it will happen one day so long as people maintain their resolve ("Keep Marching").

## Cast and characters

[edit]

Character  | Off-Broadway[4][5] | Broadway[6]

|
|

2022 | 2024
Alice Paul | Shaina Taub
Carrie Chapman Catt | Jenn Colella
Ida B. Wells | Nikki M. James
Lucy Burns | Ally Bonino
Doris Stevens | Nadia Dandashi
Ruza Wenclawska | Hannah Cruz  | Kim Blanck
Inez Milholland | Phillipa Soo | Hannah Cruz
Mary Church Terrell | Cassondra James  | Anastaćia McCleskey
Dudley Malone | Tsilala Brock
Woodrow Wilson | Grace McLean
Phyllis Terrell | J. Riley Jr.  | Laila Erica Drew
Robin  | Amina Faye
Mollie Hay | Jaygee Macapugay
Alva Belmont / Phoebe Burn  | Aisha de Haas  | Emily Skinner
Harry T. Burn | Jenna Bainbridge
Mrs. Herndon  | Ada Westfall

## Songs

[edit]

Act I

* "Let Mother Vote" - Carrie, ensemble
* "Finish the Fight" - Alice
* "Find a Way" - Alice, Lucy, Inez, Ruza, Doris, Major Sylvester, Ida, ensemble
* "Wait My Turn" - Ida
* "Terrell's Theme" - Phyllis, Ida, Mary
* "The March (We Demand Equality)" - Inez, Ida, ensemble
* "Great American Bitch" - Ruza, Inez, Lucy, Alice, Doris
* "Ladies" - Woodrow Wilson
* "A Meeting with President Wilson" - Ruza, Lucy, Dudley, Inez, Doris, Woodrow Wilson, Alice
* "Worth It" - Alice, Lucy, Carrie, Inez, Ida, Mary
* "If We Were Married" - Dudley, Doris
* "The Convention Part 1" - Carrie, Ida, Mary, Alice, Mollie, ensemble
* "This Girl" - Carrie
* "The Convention Part 2" - Carrie, Ida, Mary, Alice, ensemble
* "Alva Belmont" - Alva, Ruza, Lucy, Inez, Doris, Alice
* "Show Them Who You Are" - Alice, Inez
* "The Campaign" - Inez, Ruza, Lucy, Doris, Alice
* "How Long?" - Alice, Lucy, Doris, Carrie, Mary, Ida, ensemble

Act II

* "The Young Are at the Gates" - Doris, Lucy, Ruza, Alice, Phyllis, Alva, ensemble
* "Respectfully Yours, Dudley Malone" - Dudley
* "Hold It Together" - Mary, Mrs. Herndon, Alice, Ruza, Lucy, Doris, Dudley, Carrie, Mollie, Ida
* "Wait My Turn (reprise)" - Ida, Mary
* "The Report" - Woodrow Wilson, Doris, Dudley, Ruza, Lucy, Alice
* "Show Them Who You Are (reprise)" - Inez
* "Insane" - Alice
* "Fire & Tea" - Mrs. Herndon, Carrie, Doris, Woodrow Wilson, Alice, Ruza, Mollie, ensemble
* "Let Mother Vote (reprise)" - Woodrow Wilson
* "She and I" - Carrie, Alice
* "Down at the State House" - Harry T. Burn, ensemble
* "A Letter from Harry's Mother" - Phoebe, Harry T. Burn, Alice
* "I Was Here" - Ida, Mary, Phyllis, ensemble
* "If We Were Married (reprise)" - Dudley, Doris, Carrie, Mollie
* "August 26th, 1920" - Ruza, Lucy, Doris, Alice
* "Lucy's Song" - Lucy
* "Finish the Fight (reprise)" - Robin, Alice
* "Keep Marching" - Alice, ensemble

## Development

[edit]

Producer Rachel Sussman conceived of the idea for a suffragist musical in middle school, and later gave Shaina Taub a copy of Doris Stevens' account, Jailed for Freedom.[7] Taub then went on to write the book, becoming only the second woman in Broadway history to also write the lyrics, music, and star in her own work.[8]

The musical, originally titled Suffragist, had been planned to premiere at the Public in fall of 2020 with a cast that would have included Stephanie Hsu and Kate Wetherhead, but this was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Further plans were made to open it at the Delacorte Theater as part of the return of the Public's Shakespeare in the Park season in the following summer, before the decision was made to delay it into 2022.[9][10]

The plots of the Off-Broadway and Broadway versions of Suffs are roughly identical, but in making changes Taub focused on tightening the story and improving the development of the supporting characters. Songs from the originally sung-through score were cut (including its original Brechtian opening number, "Watch Out for the Suffragette!") and either turned into new songs or replaced by dialogue.[9][11] Characters removed after the Off-Broadway production include Nina Otero-Warren and Edith Wilson. The latter was a dual role with President Wilson and figured in a comedic scene where actor Grace McLean switched characters onstage after Wilson suffers a stroke: Taub decided that while the scene was a "huge delight" for the audience, it was too distracting due to the real Edith Wilson's staunchly anti-suffrage stance.[11]

## Production history

[edit]

### Off-Broadway (2022)

[edit]

The musical, now called Suffs, began previews on March 13, 2022, at The Public Theater. It was initially going to open on April 6, 2022, but the preview the night before as well as the opening night were cancelled due to a large number of positive COVID-19 cases among the cast.[12] The production was initially announced to run until April 24 but was extended until May 29, 2022.[13][14][15] Directed by Leigh Silverman, it starred Taub as Alice Paul, Jenn Colella as Carrie Chapman Catt, Nikki M. James as Ida B. Wells, Ally Bonino as Lucy Burns, Phillipa Soo as Inez Milholland, Hannah Cruz as Ruza Wenclawska, Nadia Dandashi as Doris Stevens, Grace McLean as Woodrow Wilson, Tsilala Brock as Dudley Field Malone, Jenna Bainbridge as Harry T. Burn, Aisha de Haas as Alva Belmont and Phoebe Burn, Jaygee Macapugay as Mollie Hay, Cassondra James as Mary Church Terrell, J. Riley Jr. as Phyllis Terrell, Amina Faye as Robin, and Ada Westfall as Mrs. Herndon.[4]

### Broadway (2024–2025)

[edit]

The show began previews on March 26, 2024, and opened on April 18 at the Music Box Theatre.[16] Taub became the second woman in Broadway history "to write the book, music, lyrics, and star in her own musical."[7] Among the producers are former Secretary of State and first lady Hillary Clinton and activist Malala Yousafzai.[17] Most of the off-Broadway cast reprised their roles.[10] Kim Blanck, Emily Skinner, Laila Erica Drew, and Anastaćia McCleskey also joined the Broadway cast.[18] Silverman returned to direct; new members of the creative team include Mayte Natalio, choreography; Riccardo Hernandez, sets; Paul Tazewell, costumes; Lap Chi Chu, lighting; Jason Crystal, sound; and Michael Starobin, orchestrations.[19]

The production was filmed in December 2024 for future release on Great Performances.[20] The final performance on Broadway was January 5, 2025.[21]

### Planned North American Tour (2025)

[edit]

A North American tour is scheduled to begin in September 2025 at the Capital Theatre in Yakima, Washington, with 26 other cities scheduled.[22]

## Awards and nominations

[edit]

### 2022 Off-Broadway

[edit]

Year  | Award  | Category  | Nominee  | Result

|
|
|
|

2022 | Lucille Lortel Awards | Outstanding Musical | Nominated
Outstanding Featured Performer in a Musical | Nikki M. James | Nominated
Drama League Awards | Outstanding Production of a Musical | Nominated
Outstanding Direction of a Musical | Leigh Silverman | Nominated
Distinguished Performance | Nikki M. James | Nominated
Outer Critics Circle Awards | Outstanding Actress in a Musical | Jenn Colella | Nominated
Drama Desk Awards | Outstanding Lyrics | Shaina Taub | Nominated

### 2024 Broadway

[edit]

Year  | Award  | Category  | Nominee  | Result

|
|
|
|

2024  | Tony Awards[23] | Best Musical | Nominated
Best Book of a Musical | Shaina Taub | Won
Best Original Score | Won
Best Featured Actress in a Musical | Nikki M. James | Nominated
Best Direction of a Musical | Leigh Silverman | Nominated
Best Costume Design of a Musical | Paul Tazewell | Nominated
Drama League Awards[24][25] | Outstanding Production of a Musical  | Nominated
Outstanding Direction of a Musical  | Leigh Silverman | Nominated
Distinguished Performance  | Nikki M. James | Nominated
Jenn Colella | Nominated
Outer Critics Circle Awards[26] | Outstanding New Broadway Musical  | Won
Outstanding Book of a Musical  | Shaina Taub | Won
Outstanding Score  | Won
Outstanding Orchestrations  | Michael Starobin | Nominated
Outstanding Direction of a Musical  | Leigh Silverman | Nominated
Drama Desk Awards[27] | Outstanding Featured Performance in a Musical  | Emily Skinner | Nominated
Outstanding Music  | Shaina Taub | Won
Outstanding Orchestrations  | Michael Starobin, Shaina Taub, and Andrea Grody  | Nominated
Outstanding Scenic Design of a Musical  | Riccardo Hernández  | Nominated
Outstanding Costume Design of a Musical  | Paul Tazewell | Won
Outstanding Lighting Design of a Musical  | Lap Chi Chu | Nominated
Outstanding Sound Design of a Musical  | Jason Crystal  | Nominated
Outstanding Wig and Hair  | Charles G. LaPoint  | Nominated

## Reception

[edit]

The Off-Broadway production of Suffs received mixed to positive reviews.[28] The production's cast, score, and direction received praise, but criticism was leveled at the musical's book, runtime, and overall structure.[29] Raven Snook of Time Out gave the musical four stars out of five but opined that, despite efforts by the production to highlight Ida B. Wells and Mary Church Terrell, their story still felt sidelined by the overall narrative.[30][31] It was compared with Hamilton, which like Suffs is a historical musical that debuted in the Newman Theater at the Public, featuring Phillipa Soo in a starring role.[32][33]

The Broadway production saw mostly positive reviews.[34][35] Elisabeth Vincentelli of The Washington Post wrote that "while it did not magically morph into a great show, Version 2.0 is tighter, more confident, often rousing and downright entertaining." She praised the revisions which placed more focus on the ensemble and which better acknowledged the shortfalls of the white suffragists to include their Black counterparts, but felt that the book did not explore each character enough.[36] Sara Holdren, writing in Vulture, felt similarly.[37] Frank Rizzo, writing for Variety, called the production "smart, inspiring and thoroughly entertaining," impressed that the show covered seven years of events "efficiently and effectively with artful modulations of intensity, humor, sadness, spunk and joy". He praised Taub's "rich musical palette" and the choice to focus on internal divisions within the women's suffrage movement rather than male pushback to the movement.[38]

## See also

[edit]

* Iron Jawed Angels (2004 film)

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ The two did not attend college together: they actually met while demonstrating in London.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "American Experience: Not All Women Gained the Vote in 1920". PBS. July 6, 2020. Retrieved April 27, 2024.
2. ^ Broski, Jennifer (March 14, 2024). "Up on the Marquee: Suffs". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
3. ^ "Tony Award Nominations: 'Hell's Kitchen', 'Stereophonic' Lead with 13". April 30, 2024.
4. ^ a b Russo, Gillian (November 16, 2021). "'Suffs' announces Off-Broadway cast including Jenn Colella, Phillipa Soo, Nikki M. James". New York Theatre Guide. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
5. ^ "Suffs". The Public Theater. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
6. ^ "Cast & Creative". Suffs the Musical. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
7. ^ a b Manges, Alex (March 8, 2024). "A Conversation with 'Suffs' Producer Rachel Sussman". NYU Tisch. Retrieved January 5, 2025.
8. ^ Culgan, Rossilynne Skena (February 28, 2024). "A first look at Broadway's new rendition of Suffs, the beloved musical about women's suffrage". Time Out New York. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
9. ^ a b Gordon, David. "Interview: How Shaina Taub and Leigh Silverman Built and Rebuilt Their Musical Suffs for Broadway". TheaterMania. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
10. ^ a b ""How Long" from Suffragist by Shaina Taub". The Public Theater. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
11. ^ a b Taub, Shaina. "Inside the Process of Writing (and Rewriting) the 36 Songs of Suffs". Playbill. Retrieved June 8, 2024.
12. ^ Rabinowitz, Chloe (April 6, 2022). "Suffs Opening Night Performance Canceled Due to Covid-19; Performances Expected to Resume Next Week". BroadwayWorld. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
13. ^ Zamansky, Natan (March 25, 2022). "Schedule of Upcoming Off-Broadway Shows". Playbill. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
14. ^ Putnam, Leah (March 25, 2022). "Shaina Taub's Suffs Sets 2nd Off-Broadway Extension at The Public". Playbill. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
15. ^ Putnam, Leah (April 8, 2022). "Suffs to Play at The Public Through May in 3rd Extension". Playbill. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
16. ^ "Suffs – NYC". www.broadway.org. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
17. ^ "Shaina Taub's Suffs to Get Broadway Run this Spring, with Hillary Clinton Among Producers". TheaterMania.com. October 18, 2023. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
18. ^ Evans, Greg (January 17, 2024). "Shaina Taub to Lead Cast of Her Musical Suffs In a Rare Broadway Feat". Deadline. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
19. ^ Gordon, David. "Jenn Colella, Nikki M. James, Emily Skinner, and More to Star in Suffs on Broadway". Theatermania. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
20. ^ Wild, Stephi (December 19, 2024). "Suffs Will Be Filmed for Release on PBS Great Performances". BroadwayWorld. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
21. ^ Cristi, A. A. "Suffs Will Play Final Broadway Performance in January". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved October 12, 2024.
22. ^ "Tour Schedule". Suffs The Musical. Retrieved July 9, 2025.
23. ^ Sherman, Rachel (April 30, 2024). "Tony Awards Nominations 2024: The Complete List". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
24. ^ Rosky, Nicole. "Merrily We Roll Along, Cabaret & More Lead in Nominations for 2024 Drama League Awards". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
25. ^ Gordon, David. "Sarah Paulson, Hell's Kitchen Win Drama League Awards". TheaterMania.com. Retrieved May 22, 2024.
26. ^ Russo, Gillian (April 23, 2024). "2024 Outer Critics Circle nominations announced". New York Theatre Guide. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
27. ^ Rosky, Nicole. "2024 Drama Desk Awards Nominations- The Full List!". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved April 29, 2024.
28. ^ "Suffs – Did They Like It?". Did They Like It. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
29. ^ Ramirez, Juan A. (April 6, 2022). "Suffs Suffers from Stasis – Review". Theatrely.
30. ^ Snook, Raven (April 6, 2022). "Shaina Taub's epic new musical brings feminist history to inspirational life". Time Out. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
31. ^ Stasio, Marilyn (April 6, 2022). "'Suffs' Review: Epic New Musical Portrays the Blood, Sweat and Tears Behind the Fight for Women's Suffrage". Variety.
32. ^ Phillips, Maya (April 6, 2022). "'Suffs' Review: Young, Scrappy and Hungry for the Right to Vote". The New York Times. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
33. ^ Shaw, Helen (April 6, 2022). "Suffs Casts a Complicated Vote for a Complicated History". Vulture. Retrieved April 9, 2022.
34. ^ Green, Jesse (April 19, 2024). "Review: In Suffs, the Thrill of the Vote and How She Got It". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
35. ^ Torre, Roma (April 19, 2024). "Suffs: The Brilliant New Musical That Demands to be Heard". New York Stage Review. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
36. ^ Vincentelli, Elisabeth (April 18, 2024). "A spirited musical about suffragists is not a triumph, but much improved". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
37. ^ Holdren, Sara (April 19, 2024). "Living Is Harder: Suffs and Grenfell". Vulture. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
38. ^ Rizzo, Frank (April 19, 2024). "Suffs Review: Broadway Musical About Women's Fight for the Vote Gets Thrilling and Entertaining Musicalization". Variety. Retrieved April 22, 2024.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website
* ​Suffs​ at the Internet Broadway Database
* ​Suffs​ at the Internet Off-Broadway Database (archived)

* v
* t
* e

Suffrage

Basic topics|

* Universal suffrage
* Right to run for office
* Age of candidacy
* banned
* Women
* Suffragette
* Women's liberation movement
* Men
* Black
* Youth
* Demeny voting
* Non-citizen
* Non-resident citizen
* One man, one vote
* Multiple citizenship
* Voting age
* Free and fair election
* Secret ballot
* Compulsory voting
* Disfranchisement
* Voter turnout

By country|

* Austria
* Australia
* 1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act
* aboriginal
* women
* Canada
* Chile
* Colombia
* Ecuador
* Hong Kong
* India
* Japan
* Kuwait
* Liechtenstein
* Mexico
* New Zealand
* Spain (Civil War, Francoist)
* Sri Lanka
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* United Kingdom
* women
* Cayman Islands
* Scotland
* Wales
* laws
* 1832
* 1918
* 1928
* United States
* women
* African Americans
* Native Americans
* felons
* foreigners
* District of Columbia
* Puerto Rico
* states
* Constitutional amendments: 15th, 19th, 23rd, 24th, 26th
* Indian Citizenship Act
* 1965 Voting Rights Act

Events|

| International|

* International Woman Suffrage Alliance conferences
* 1st
* 2nd
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* 6th
* 7th
* 8th
* 9th
* 10th
* 11th
* 12th
* 13th
* 14th

|

Hong Kong|

* Hong Kong 1 July marches
* 2014 Hong Kong protests
* 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests

United Kingdom|

* WSPU march (1906)
* Mud March (1907)
* Women's Sunday (1908)
* Black Friday (1910)
* Battle of Downing Street (1910)
* Women's Coronation Procession (1911)
* Great Pilgrimage (1913)
* Open Christmas Letter (1914)
* Suffragette bombing and arson campaign

United States|

* Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
* Declaration of Sentiments (1848)
* Rochester Convention (1848)
* Ohio Women's Convention (1850)
* Ohio Women's Convention (1851)
* National Women's Rights Convention (1850–1869)
* Trial of Susan B. Anthony (1872–1873)
* Suffrage Hikes (1912–1914)
* Woman Suffrage Procession (1913)
* Suffrage Torch
* Suffrage Special (1916)
* Silent Sentinels (1917–1919)
* Night of Terror
* Prison Special
* 1920 United States presidential election
* "Give Us the Ballot" (1957)
* Freedom Summer (1964)
* Selma to Montgomery marches (1965)

Women
(memorials)|

* List of suffragists and suffragettes
* Timeline of women's suffrage
* US
* in majority-Muslim countries
* Historiography of the Suffragettes
* Women's suffrage organizations and publications
* Women's rights activists
* Leser v. Garnett
* Belmont–Paul Monument
* Rise up, Women (Emmeline Pankhurst statue)
* Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial
* Elizabeth Cady Stanton statue
* Suffragette Memorial
* Portrait Monument
* Women's Rights Pioneers Monument
* Forward statue
* Kate Sheppard National Memorial
* Millicent Fawcett statue
* Great Petition (2008 sculpture)
* Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain
* Resilience
* Turning Point Suffragist Memorial
* Eagle House
* Pankhurst Centre
* Paulsdale
* Suffragette Handkerchief
* Holloway banner
* Holloway brooch
* Holloway Jingles
* Hunger Strike Medal
* Justice Bell
* Suffrage jewellery
* Suffragette penny
* Suffrage Oak
* Women's Rights National Historical Park
* Women's Suffrage National Monument
* International Women's Day
* Susan B. Anthony Day
* Women's Equality Day

Popular
culture|

* "The Women's Marseillaise"
* "The March of the Women" (1910 song)
* The Mother of Us All (1947 opera)
* "Sister Suffragette" (1964 song)
* Suffrage plays
* Women's suffrage in film
* Votes for Women (1912 film)
* Shoulder to Shoulder (1974 series)
* Not for Ourselves Alone (1999 documentary)
* Iron Jawed Angels (2004 film)
* Up the Women (2013 sitcom)
* Selma (2014 film)
* Suffragette (2015 film)
* Sylvia (2018 musical)
* Suffs (2022 musical)
* Lioness (upcoming film)
* Susan B. Anthony dollar
* National Voting Rights Museum (US)
* New Zealand ten-dollar note
* Women's Suffrage Centennial silver dollar (2020 U.S. commemorative)
* 2020 US ten-dollar bill
* Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States
* Music and women's suffrage in the United States

* v
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* e

Lucy Burns

Suffrage events
(co-organized)|

* 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession
* Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage
* The Suffragist
* Suffrage Special
* National Woman's Party (co-founder)
* Silent Sentinels
* Night of Terror
* Prison Special

Life|

* Women's Social and Political Union

Legacy|

* Iron Jawed Angels (2004 film)
* Suffs (2022 musical)
* Lucy Burns Institute

Related|

* Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
* Women's suffrage in the United States
* Women's suffrage

* v
* t
* e

Alice Paul

Initiated and
co-strategized|

* 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession
* Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage
* The Suffragist
* National Woman's Party
* Silent Sentinels
* Night of Terror
* Equal Rights Amendment
* Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Main
associates|

* Alva Belmont
* Lucy Burns
* Crystal Eastman
* Inez Haynes Irwin
* Dora Lewis
* Inez Milholland
* Doris Stevens
* Mabel Vernon

Life|

* Paulsdale
* Women's Social and Political Union

Legacy|

* Belmont–Paul Women's Equality National Monument
* 2012 ten-dollar coin
* United States ten-dollar bill (proposed)
* Jailed for Freedom (1920 book)
* Iron Jawed Angels (2004 film)
* Suffs (2022 musical)

Related|

* Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
* Women's suffrage in the United States
* Women's suffrage

* v
* t
* e

Woodrow Wilson

* 28th President of the United States (1913–1921)
* 34th Governor of New Jersey (1911–1913)
* 13th President of Princeton University (1902–1910)

Presidency
(timeline)|

* Transition
* 1913 inauguration
* 1917 inauguration
* Roosevelt desk
* Judicial appointments
* Supreme Court nominees
* Louis Brandeis Supreme Court nomination
* Cabinet
* 1919 Nobel Peace Prize
* 19th Amendment
* Silent Sentinels
* Woman Suffrage Procession
* State of the Union Address 1913
* 1914
* 1915
* 1916
* 1917
* 1918
* 1920
* Harding transition

| Foreign policy|

* Wilsonianism
* Bryan–Chamorro Treaty (1914)
* Occupation of Haiti (1915–1934)
* Occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)
* Army Appropriations Act of 1916
* Council of National Defense
* Philippine Autonomy Act (1916)
* World War I
* 1917–1918; entry
* campaigns
* home front
* Committee on Public Information
* Four Minute Men
* Fourteen Points
* The Inquiry
* American Commission to Negotiate Peace
* Armistice of 11 November 1918
* Espionage Act of 1917
* Immigration Act of 1917
* Selective Service Act of 1917
* Immigration Act of 1918
* Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
* National War Labor Board (1918)
* Sedition Act of 1918
* Wartime Measure Act of 1918
* Paris Peace Conference
* 1919–1920; Racial Equality Proposal
* Pueblo speech (1919)
* Treaty of Versailles
* 1919; Big Four
* League of Nations
* 1920; charter
* Wilsonian Armenia (1920)

|

New Freedom|

* Federal racial segregation
* Federal Reserve Act
* 1913; Federal Reserve
* Newlands Labor Act
* 1913; Board of Mediation and Conciliation
* Raker Act (1913)
* Revenue Act of 1913
* Federal income tax
* Rivers and Harbors Acts
* 1913
* 1914
* 1915
* 1916
* Sabath Act (1913)
* Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
* Cotton Futures Act of 1914
* Cutter Service Act (1914)
* Emergency Internal Revenue Tax Act (1914)
* Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914
* Federal Trade Commission
* Glacier National Park Act of 1914
* Legislative Reference Service (1914)
* Smith–Lever Act of 1914
* War Risk Insurance Act (1914)
* Locomotive Inspection Act (1915)
* National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (1915)
* Occupancy Permits Act (1915)
* Adamson Act (1916)
* Brush Disposal Act of 1916
* Cotton Futures Act of 1916
* Federal Aid Road Act of 1916
* Federal Employees' Compensation Act (1916)
* Federal Farm Loan Act
* 1916; Farm Credit System
* Federal Farm Loan Board
* Flag Day (1916)
* Fraudulent Advertising Act of 1916
* Keating–Owen Act (1916)
* National Park Service Organic Act
* 1916; National Park Service
* Revenue Act of 1916
* Rural Post Roads Act of 1916
* Smith Act (1916)
* Stock-Raising Homestead Act (1916)
* United States Grain Standards Act of 1916
* Warehouse Act of 1916
* Wildlife Game Refuges Act of 1916
* Flood Control Act of 1917
* Smith–Hughes Act
* 1917; U.S. Federal Board for Vocational Education
* United States Railroad Administration
* 1917; USRA standard
* War Revenue Act of 1917
* Revenue Act of 1918
* Acadia National Park Act of 1919
* Grand Canyon Park Act of 1919
* Red Summer (1919)
* Wheat Price Guarantee Act (1919)
* Esch–Cummins Act
* 1920; Railroad Labor Board
* Federal Power Act
* 1920; Federal Power Commission
* Merchant Marine Act of 1920
* Mineral Leasing Act of 1920

Life|

* Birthplace and Presidential Library
* papers and manuscripts
* Boyhood home in Georgia
* Boyhood home in South Carolina
* Princeton University president
* Summer White House (Harlakenden
* Shadow Lawn)
* Woodrow Wilson House
* Gravesite

Books|

* Congressional Government (1900)
* When a Man Comes to Himself (1901)
* The New Freedom (1913)

Elections|

* 1910 New Jersey gubernatorial election
* 1912 Democratic National Convention
* 1912 U.S. presidential election
* 1916 Democratic National Convention
* 1916 U.S. presidential election

Legacy
(memorials)|

* Bibliography
* Woodrow Wilson Awards
* Woodrow Wilson Foundation
* Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
* The Wilson Quarterly
* Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs
* High schools
* Woodrow Wilson Junior College
* Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial
* Woodrow Wilson (Austin statue)
* Wilson Square (Warsaw)
* Woodrow Wilson Monument (Prague)
* Woodrow Wilson Bridge
* Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation
* Mount Wilson (Vermont)
* SS President Wilson
* U.S. Postage stamps
* United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill

Popular
culture|

* Wilson (1944 film)
* Profiles in Courage (1965 series)
* Backstairs at the White House (1979 miniseries)
* Woodrow Wilson and the Birth of the American Century (2002 documentary)
* Wilson (2013 book)
* Suffs (2022 musical)

Family|

* Ellen Axson Wilson (wife, 1885–1914, death)
* Edith Bolling Wilson (wife, 1915–1924)
* Margaret Wilson (daughter, acting first lady)
* Jessie Wilson Sayre (daughter)
* Eleanor Wilson McAdoo (daughter)
* Francis Sayre Jr. (grandson)
* Joseph Ruggles Wilson (father)
* James Wilson (grandfather)
* Helen Woodrow Bones (cousin, secretary)
* William McAdoo (son-in-law)

Related|

* Progressive Era
* Jefferson Literary and Debating Society
* Woodrow Wilson and race

* ← William Howard Taft
* Warren G. Harding →

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Silent Sentinels

Sentinels|

* Edith Ainge
* Nina E. Allender
* Annie Arniel
* Abby Scott Baker
* Mary Ritter Beard
* Alva Belmont
* Lucy Gwynne Branham
* Lucy Burns
* Iris Calderhead
* Sarah Tarleton Colvin
* Dorothy Day
* Julia Emory
* Matilda Hall Gardner
* Florence Bayard Hilles
* Alison Turnbull Hopkins
* Julia Hurlbut
* Mary Hall Ingham
* Paula O. Jakobi
* Dora Lewis
* Anne Henrietta Martin
* Nell Mercer
* Sophie Gooding Rose Meredith
* Vida Milholland
* Katherine Morey
* Mary A. Nolan
* Alice Paul
* Alice Gram Robinson
* Elizabeth Selden Rogers
* Caroline Spencer
* Doris Stevens
* Betty Gram Swing
* Mary Church Terrell
* Phyllis Terrell
* Mabel Vernon
* Evelyn Wotherspoon Wainwright
* Amelia Himes Walker
* Ruza Wenclawska
* Sue Shelton White
* Margaret Fay Whittemore
* Maud Younger

Memorials|

* Turning Point Suffragist Memorial

Related|

* National Woman's Party
* The Suffragist
* Occoquan Workhouse
* Prison Special
* Women's suffrage in the United States
* Jailed for Freedom (1920 book)
* Iron Jawed Angels (2004 film)
* Suffs (2022 musical)

Awards for Suffs

* v
* t
* e

Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical

1950–1975|

* South Pacific by Oscar Hammerstein II and Joshua Logan (1950)
* Hello, Dolly! by Michael Stewart (1964)
* Fiddler on the Roof by Joseph Stein (1965)
* Company by George Furth (1971)
* Two Gentlemen of Verona by John Guare and Mel Shapiro (1972)
* A Little Night Music by Hugh Wheeler (1973)
* Candide by Hugh Wheeler (1974)
* Shenandoah by James Lee Barrett, Peter Udell and Philip Rose (1975)

1976–2000|

* A Chorus Line by James Kirkwood Jr. and Nicholas Dante (1976)
* Annie by Thomas Meehan (1977)
* On the Twentieth Century by Betty Comden and Adolph Green (1978)
* Sweeney Todd by Hugh Wheeler (1979)
* Evita by Tim Rice (1980)
* Woman of the Year by Peter Stone (1981)
* Dreamgirls by Tom Eyen (1982)
* Cats by T. S. Eliot (1983)
* La Cage aux Folles by Harvey Fierstein (1984)
* Big River by William Hauptman (1985)
* The Mystery of Edwin Drood by Rupert Holmes (1986)
* Les Misérables by Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schönberg (1987)
* Into the Woods by James Lapine (1988)
* No Award (1989)
* City of Angels by Larry Gelbart (1990)
* The Secret Garden by Marsha Norman (1991)
* Falsettos by William Finn and James Lapine (1992)
* Kiss of the Spider Woman by Terrence McNally (1993)
* Passion by James Lapine (1994)
* Sunset Boulevard by Don Black and Christopher Hampton (1995)
* Rent by Jonathan Larson (1996)
* Titanic by Peter Stone (1997)
* Ragtime by Terrence McNally (1998)
* Parade by Alfred Uhry (1999)
* James Joyce's The Dead by Richard Nelson (2000)

2001–present|

* The Producers by Mel Brooks and Thomas Meehan (2001)
* Urinetown by Greg Kotis (2002)
* Hairspray by Thomas Meehan and Mark O'Donnell (2003)
* Avenue Q by Jeff Whitty (2004)
* The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee by Rachel Sheinkin (2005)
* The Drowsy Chaperone by Bob Martin and Don McKellar (2006)
* Spring Awakening by Steven Sater (2007)
* Passing Strange by Stew (2008)
* Billy Elliot the Musical by Lee Hall (2009)
* Memphis by Joe DiPietro (2010)
* The Book of Mormon by Trey Parker, Robert Lopez and Matt Stone (2011)
* Once by Enda Walsh (2012)
* Matilda the Musical by Dennis Kelly (2013)
* A Gentleman's Guide to Love and Murder by Robert L. Freedman (2014)
* Fun Home by Lisa Kron (2015)
* Hamilton by Lin-Manuel Miranda (2016)
* Dear Evan Hansen by Steven Levenson (2017)
* The Band's Visit by Itamar Moses (2018)
* Tootsie by Robert Horn (2019)
* Jagged Little Pill by Diablo Cody (2020/21)
* A Strange Loop by Michael R. Jackson (2022)
* Kimberly Akimbo by David Lindsay-Abaire (2023)
* Suffs by Shaina Taub (2024)
* Maybe Happy Ending by Will Aronson and Hue Park (2025)

* v
* t
* e

Tony Award for Best Original Score

1947–1975|

* Street Scene by Kurt Weill (1947)
* Kiss Me, Kate by Cole Porter (1949)
* South Pacific by Richard Rodgers (1950)
* Call Me Madam by Irving Berlin (1951)
* No Strings by Richard Rodgers (1962)
* Oliver! by Lionel Bart (1963)
* Hello, Dolly! by Jerry Herman (1964)
* Fiddler on the Roof by Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick (1965)
* Man of La Mancha by Mitch Leigh and Joe Darion (1966)
* Cabaret by John Kander and Fred Ebb (1967)
* Hallelujah, Baby! by Jule Styne, Betty Comden, and Adolph Green (1968)
* Company by Stephen Sondheim (1971)
* Follies by Stephen Sondheim (1972)
* A Little Night Music by Stephen Sondheim (1973)
* Gigi by Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner (1974)
* The Wiz by Charlie Smalls (1975)

1976–2000|

* A Chorus Line by Marvin Hamlisch and Edward Kleban (1976)
* Annie by Charles Strouse and Martin Charnin (1977)
* On the Twentieth Century by Cy Coleman, Betty Comden, and Adolph Green (1978)
* Sweeney Todd by Stephen Sondheim (1979)
* Evita by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice (1980)
* Woman of the Year by John Kander and Fred Ebb (1981)
* Nine by Maury Yeston (1982)
* Cats by Andrew Lloyd Webber and T. S. Eliot (1983)
* La Cage aux Folles by Jerry Herman (1984)
* Big River by Roger Miller (1985)
* The Mystery of Edwin Drood by Rupert Holmes (1986)
* Les Misérables by Claude-Michel Schönberg, Herbert Kretzmer, and Alain Boublil (1987)
* Into the Woods by Stephen Sondheim (1988)
* No Award (1989)
* City of Angels by Cy Coleman and David Zippel (1990)
* The Will Rogers Follies by Cy Coleman, Betty Comden, and Adolph Green (1991)
* Falsettos by William Finn (1992)
* Kiss of the Spider Woman by John Kander and Fred Ebb / The Who's Tommy by Pete Townshend (1993)
* Passion by Stephen Sondheim (1994)
* Sunset Boulevard by Andrew Lloyd Webber, Don Black, and Christopher Hampton (1995)
* Rent by Jonathan Larson (1996)
* Titanic by Maury Yeston (1997)
* Ragtime by Stephen Flaherty and Lynn Ahrens (1998)
* Parade by Jason Robert Brown (1999)
* Aida by Elton John and Tim Rice (2000)

2001–present|

* The Producers by Mel Brooks (2001)
* Urinetown by Mark Hollmann and Greg Kotis (2002)
* Hairspray by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman (2003)
* Avenue Q by Robert Lopez and Jeff Marx (2004)
* The Light in the Piazza by Adam Guettel (2005)
* The Drowsy Chaperone by Lisa Lambert and Greg Morrison (2006)
* Spring Awakening by Duncan Sheik and Steven Sater (2007)
* In the Heights by Lin-Manuel Miranda (2008)
* Next to Normal by Tom Kitt and Brian Yorkey (2009)
* Memphis by David Bryan and Joe DiPietro (2010)
* The Book of Mormon by Trey Parker, Robert Lopez and Matt Stone (2011)
* Newsies by Alan Menken and Jack Feldman (2012)
* Kinky Boots by Cyndi Lauper (2013)
* The Bridges of Madison County by Jason Robert Brown (2014)
* Fun Home by Jeanine Tesori and Lisa Kron (2015)
* Hamilton by Lin-Manuel Miranda (2016)
* Dear Evan Hansen by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2017)
* The Band's Visit by David Yazbek (2018)
* Hadestown by Anaïs Mitchell (2019)
* A Christmas Carol by Christopher Nightingale (2020/21)
* Six by Toby Marlow and Lucy Moss (2022)
* Kimberly Akimbo by Jeanine Tesori and David Lindsay-Abaire (2023)
* Suffs by Shaina Taub (2024)
* Maybe Happy Ending by Will Aronson and Hue Park (2025)

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