Sugar acid

Sugar molecule with an –OH group at the end(s) of the carbon chain

In organic chemistry, a sugar acid or acidic sugar is a monosaccharide with a carboxyl group at one end or both ends of its chain.[1]

Main classes of sugar acids include:

* Aldonic acids, in which the aldehyde group (−CH=O) located at the initial end (position 1) of an aldose is oxidized.
* Ulosonic acids, in which the hydroxymethyl group (−CH2OH) at the initial end of a 2-ketose is oxidized creating an α-ketoacid.
* Uronic acids, in which the −CH2OH group at the terminal end of an aldose or ketose is oxidized.
* Aldaric acids, in which both ends (−CH=O and −CH2OH) of an aldose are oxidized.

Aldonic acid | An ulosonic acid; specifically, 3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid | Uronic acid | Aldaric acid

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## Examples

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Examples of sugar acids include:

* Aldonic acids
* Glyceric acid (3C)
* Xylonic acid (5C)
* Gluconic acid (6C)
* Ascorbic acid[2] (6C, unsaturated lactone)
* Ulosonic acids
* Neuraminic acid (5-amino-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid)
* Ketodeoxyoctulosonic acid (KDO or 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid)
* Uronic acids
* Glucuronic acid (6C)
* Galacturonic acid (6C)
* Iduronic acid (6C)
* Aldaric acids
* Tartaric acid (4C)
* meso-Galactaric acid (Mucic acid) (6C)
* D-Glucaric acid (Saccharic acid) (6C)

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) | The β-D form of glucuronic acid

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## References

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1. ^ Robyt, J.F. (1998). Essentials of carbohydrate chemistry. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94951-8.
2. ^ Davies Michael B.; Austin John; Partridge David A. (1991). Vitamin C: Its Chemistry and Biochemistry. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 48\. ISBN 0-85186-333-7.

## External links

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* Sugar+Acids at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)