Sugar industry of India

Sugar cane cutting

Sugar has been produced in India since ancient 1200BC and then it spread to other parts. Sugarcane is a native of tropical Indian and Pakistan subcontinent then to Southeast Asia.[1] In India, sugarcane is planted thrice a year in October, March and July depending on part of the country.[2] Most of the sugar production in India takes at local Cooperative Sugar mills.[3][4] After gaining Independence, India made serious plans for overall industrial development of sugar industry.[5]

## Market

[edit]

Sugarcane weighing at sugar mill

Sugar industry is a big business in India. Around 525 mills produced more than 30 million tonnes of sugar in the last crushing season,[6] which lasted from October to April. This makes it the world's largest producer, unseating Brazil. Some 50 million farmers and millions of more workers, are involved in sugarcane farming.[7] India is the world's largest consumer of sugar.[8][9] According to data from the Indian Sugar Mills Association, the country's sugar mill produce 268.21 lakh (26,821,000) tonnes of sugar between October 1, 2019, and May 31, 2020.[10]

On May 24, 2022, the Indian government announced that India will restrict the export of sugar from June 1, 2022. This restriction has been ordered to maintain domestic availability and ensure price stability.[11]

## Production of sugar cane in India

[edit]

Sugar cane is very important input for making sugar.[12] When production of sugar cane increases, sugar production also increases. Sugar cane's production increased from 110 million tonnes in year 1961 to 405 million tonnes in year 2019. Sugar cane are grown in 2413 thousand hectare in 1961 year to 5061 thousand hectare in year 2019. Production quality for sugar cane is also increased. Production quantity improved from 45 tonnes/hectare to 80 tonnes/hectare.

Year | Hectare (thousand) [12] | Production tonnes/hectare | Production (million tonnes)

|
|
|

1961 | 2,413  | 45  | 110
1971 | 2,615  | 48  | 126
1981 | 2,666  | 58  | 154
1991 | 3,686  | 65  | 241
2001 | 4,315  | 68  | 296
2011 | 4,944  | 69  | 342
2019 | 5,061  | 80  | 405

## Production of sugar cane by state

[edit]

Traditionally, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra produce the majority of sugar cane in India. This can be attributed to rich soil surrounding major rivers present in both states. However, in 2019 Maharashtra was hit with floods thus affecting total production.

Production by state (2017–18)[13] State | Production(1000 tonnes) | Share(Percentage)

|
|

Uttar Pradesh | 177,060.00 | 46.75
Maharashtra | 83,130.00 | 22.06
Karnataka | 28,260.00 | 7.50
Tamil Nadu | 16,540.00 | 4.39
Bihar | 13,980.00 | 3.71
Gujarat | 12,050.00 | 3.20
Haryana | 9,630.00 | 2.56
Punjab | 8,020.00 | 2.13
Andhra Pradesh | 7,950.00 | 2.11
Uttarakhand | 6,300.00 | 1.67
Madhya Pradesh | 5,430.00 | 1.44
Telangana | 2,560.00 | 0.68
Others | 5,980.00 | 1.59

## Products and by-products

[edit]

The processing of sugarcane generates bagasse, molasses and press mud. Indian sugar industry has been using these by-products to generate bioethanol, electricity and many other products over the years.[14]

## Organisations

[edit]

* Indian Sugar Mills Association (ISMA)[15]
* All India Sugar Trade Association (AISTA)[16]
* National Sugar Institute (NSI)[17]
* The Sugar Technologists Association of India (STAI)[18]

## See also

[edit]

* Cooperative sugar factories in Maharashtra
* Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research
* History of sugar

## References

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sugar industry in India.

1. ^ Moxham, Roy (2002-02-07). The Great Hedge of India: The Search for the Living Barrier that Divided a People. Basic Books. ISBN 9780786709762.
2. ^ "Planting time: Sugarcane | agropedia". Agropedia.iitk.ac.in. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
3. ^ "NFCSF – National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories Limited". Retrieved 2019-06-04.
4. ^ "Cooperative sugar mills seek sops to begin crushing in next season". The Financial Express. 2018-04-17. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
5. ^ "Indian Sugar Industry, Sugar Industry in India, Sugar Industry, Sugar Industries". www.indianmirror.com. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
6. ^ Bhosale, Jayashree (2019-01-21). "ISMA cuts India's 2018–19 sugar production estimate to 307 lakh tonnes". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
7. ^ Biswas, Soutik (2019-05-08). "How sugar influences the world's biggest election". BBC News. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
8. ^ Rai, Shivani (2018-09-03). "India, The World's Biggest Consumer Of Sugar Set To Replace Brazil As Its Biggest Producer Too". Sugar Industry News and Updates. Chinimandi.com. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
9. ^ "Indians Are The World's Largest Consumers Of Sugar, And It's Slowly Poisoning Us!". indiatimes.com. 2015-12-09. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
10. ^ "Bittersweet harvest". The Tribune.
11. ^ "Explained: Sugar export curbs and their impact". The Indian Express. 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
12. ^ a b "Production of sugar cane in India".
13. ^ "India production of 1015,1015". Agriexchange.apeda.gov.in. Retrieved 2022-08-12.
14. ^ Solomon, S. (2011-12-01). "Sugarcane By-Products Based Industries in India". Sugar Tech. 13 (4): 408–416\. doi:10.1007/s12355-011-0114-0. ISSN 0974-0740. S2CID 45483988.408-416&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:45483988#id-name=S2CID&rft.issn=0974-0740&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s12355-011-0114-0&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sugar+industry+of+India" class="Z3988">
15. ^ "Maharashtra mills set yet another record in sugar output". The Economic Times. 2019-05-07. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
16. ^ "India's 2018/19 sugar output seen at 32.6 million T – trade body". Reuters. 2019-03-18. Archived from the original on March 19, 2019. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
17. ^ "NSI admission 2019: Applications begun at National Sugar Institute, entrance exam in June". The Indian Express. 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
18. ^ "Sugar technologists seek hike in MSP to Rs 3,600/quintal". The Financial Express. 2019-04-19. Retrieved 2019-06-04.

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Agriculture in India

Industries|

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Executive|

* Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
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Law|

* Biological Diversity Act, 2002
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Schemes|

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Unions|

* Bharatiya Kisan Union
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Issues and challenges|

* Minimum support price (India)
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Education and research|

* Indian Council of Agricultural Research
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* Indian Agricultural Research Institute
* Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal and more

Others|

* E-NAM
* Tractors in India
* Krishi Darshan

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Sugar industry of Asia

Sovereign states|

* Afghanistan
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States with
limited recognition|

* Abkhazia
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Dependencies and
other territories|

* British Indian Ocean Territory
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* Category
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Sugar as food commodity

List of sugars and sugar products

Chemistry|

* Monosaccharide
* Fructose
* Galactose
* Glucose
* Xylose
* Disaccharide
* Lactose
* Maltose
* Sucrose
* Trehalose
* Added sugar
* Reducing sugar

Sources|

* Sugar beet
* Sugarcane
* Agave syrup
* Birch
* Coconut
* Date
* Honeydew
* Maple
* Palm
* Malt

Products|

| Syrups|

* List of syrups
* Agave syrup
* Barley malt syrup
* Brown rice syrup
* Cheong
* Maesil-cheong
* Mogwa-cheong
* Yuja-cheong
* Corn syrup
* High-fructose
* High-maltose
* Glucose syrup
* Golden syrup
* Honey
* Inverted sugar syrup
* Kuromitsu
* Maple syrup
* Mizuame
* Molasses
* Pine honey
* Steen's cane syrup
* Table syrup
* Treacle
* Yacón syrup

|

Solid forms|

* Brown
* Peen tong
* Candi sugar
* Chancaca
* Crystalline fructose
* Gelling
* Gula melaka
* Jaggery
* Misri
* Molasses sugar
* Muscovado
* Nib
* Non-centrifugal cane sugar
* Panela
* Plantation Reserve
* Powdered
* Preserving
* Sucanat
* Sugar candy
* Barley sugar
* Butterscotch
* Candy
* Hard
* Rock candy
* Toffee
* Sugar glass
* Sugarloaf
* Wasanbon
* White

Other forms|

* Caramel
* Cotton candy floss
* Maple sugar foods
* Rum
* Sugar alcohol
* Sugar confectionery
* Sugarcane juice
* Tuzemák
* Unrefined sweeteners

Industry|

| Production|

* Boilery
* Plantation
* Casa-grande
* Refinery
* Sugar bush
* Sugarcane mill
* Engenho
* Batey
* Zafra
* Sugar marketing

|

By region|

| Current|

* Australia
* Bundaberg Sugar
* CSR
* Wilmar Sugar
* Cuba
* Caribbean
* Kenya
* India
* Mauritius
* Philippines
* Rwanda
* Sri Lanka
* South Africa
* Illovo Sugar
* Tongaat Hulett
* Tanzania
* Uganda
* United Kingdom
* British Sugar
* Tate & Lyle
* United States
* Sugar Association
* U.S. Sugar Program

|

Historical|

* Danish West Indies
* Fiji
* Hawaii

History|

* 1811 German Coast uprising
* Amelioration Act 1798
* Blackbirding
* Colonial molasses trade
* Demerara rebellion of 1823
* Holing cane
* Leith Sugar House
* Molasses Act
* Reciprocity Treaty of 1875
* Slavery in the British and French Caribbean
* Sugar Act
* Sugar Duties Acts 1846
* Sugar Intervention
* Taiwan Sugar Railways
* Triangular trade

Culture|

* Added sugar
* Crop Over
* Sugar shack
* Sugaring
* Sugar nips
* Sugar packet
* Sucrology
* Sugar people
* Sugar tit
* Sugar sculpture
* Treacle mining

Related|

* Australian Aboriginal sweet foods
* Bagasse
* Blood sugar level
* Cane knife
* Flavored syrup
* Fruit syrup
* Date honey
* Grape
* Jallab
* Health effects
* Nectar
* Sugar addiction
* Sugars in wine
* Residual sugar
* Sugar substitute
* Sweetened beverage
* Sweetener
* Sweetness
* Vinasse

Research|

* Robert Lustig
* John Yudkin
* Pure, White and Deadly (1972)

* Category
* Production

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