Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1687 to 1691

Suleiman II

Amir al-Mu'minin
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
Ottoman Caliph
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (Padishah)
Reign| 8 November 1687 – 22 June 1691
Predecessor| Mehmed IV
Successor| Ahmed II

Born| 15 April 1642
Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Died| 22 June 1691(1691-06-22) (aged 49)
Edirne Palace, Edirne, Ottoman Empire
Burial|

Süleymaniye Mosque, Istanbul, Turkey

Consorts| Hatice Kadın[1]
Behzad Kadın[1]
İvaz Kadın[1]
Süğlün Kadın[1]
Şehsuvar Kadın[1]
Zeyneb Kadın[1]
| Names

Suleiman bin Ibrahim
Dynasty| Ottoman
Father| Ibrahim
Mother| Saliha Dilaşub Sultan
Religion| Sunni Islam
Tughra|

Suleiman II (Ottoman Turkish: سليمان ثانى Süleymān-i sānī; 15 April 1642 – 22 June 1691) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1687 to 1691. After being brought to the throne by an armed mutiny, Suleiman and his grand vizier Fazıl Mustafa Pasha were successfully able to turn the tide of the War of the Holy League, reconquering Belgrade in 1690, as well as carrying out significant fiscal and military reforms.

## Early life

[edit]

Suleiman II was born on 15 April 1642 at Topkapı Palace in Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ibrahim and Saliha Dilaşub Sultan, a Serb woman originally named Katarina.[2][3][4] Suleiman was only 3 months younger than his half-brother Mehmed IV, who was born on 2 January 1642. After the deposition and execution of his father in 1648, Suleiman's half-brother Mehmed came to the throne. On 21 October 1649, Suleiman along with his brothers Mehmed and Ahmed were circumcised.[5]

In 1651, Suleiman was confined in the Kafes, a luxurious prison for royal princes within Topkapı Palace. This was done to avoid a rebellion. He stayed there for 36 years until he took the throne in 1687.

## Reign

[edit]

The mausoleum of Suleiman II is located inside the türbe of Suleiman the Magnificent. (In the above picture, his tomb is seen at the center between Ahmed II and Suleiman the Magnificent).

Shortly before he assumed the throne, the Ottomans suffered a major defeat at the second Battle of Mohács in 1687. In 1688, Suleiman II urgently requested the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb for assistance against the rapidly advancing Austrians, during the Ottoman–Habsburg War, but most Mughal forces were engaged in the Deccan Wars and Aurangzeb ignored Suleiman's request to commit to any formal assistance to their desperate Ottoman allies.[6]

The previous ban on alcohol (which was publicly flouted in Istanbul and Galata) was energized under Suleiman, where he managed to demolish several alcohol shops, but this just led to owners bringing in more alcohol.[7]

Suleiman II appointed Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha as his Grand Vizier in 1689, leading to the reconquest of Belgrade in 1690. Later, the threat from the Russian Empire was renewed when they joined in an alliance with other European powers, while the Ottomans had lost the support of their Crimean vassals, who were forced to defend themselves from several Russian invasions. Under Köprülü's leadership, the Ottomans halted an Austrian advance into Serbia and crushed an uprising in Macedonia and Bulgaria until Köprülü was killed in the Battle of Slankamen by Austrian forces.

## Family

[edit]

Suleiman II elevated six known concubines to the rank of consort, with the title of Kadin, used for the first time as a title rather than a rank.[8][9][10]

He gave them various jewels and precious objects that belonged to Muazzez Sultan, one of her father's Haseki Sultans. These gifts were requisitioned when Ahmed II, son of Muazzez, succeeded Suleiman II on the throne.[8]

The known consorts of Suleiman II were:[8]

* Hatice Kadın. BaşKadin (first consort).
* Behzad Kadın. She received a brooch and a diamond ring that belonged to Muazzez Sultan.
* Süğlün Kadın. She received a pair of pearl earrings, a pair of diamonds earrings and a pendant set with 83 pearls that belonged to Muazzez Sultan.
* Şehsuvar Kadın. She received a pearl-encrusted ablution bowl and a pair of earrings that belonged to Muazzez Sultan.
* Zeyneb Kadın. She received jewelry as gift in 1691.
* İvaz Kadın. She received jewelry as gift in 1691.

Despite his six consorts, Suleiman II remained childless. It is not known whether this was due to his sterility, lack of sexual interest, or his precarious health conditions, which forced him to be bedridden for the final half of his short reign.[8]

## Death

[edit]

Suleiman II had fallen into a coma and was later brought to Edirne on 8 June 1691. He died on 22 June 1691 and his body was buried in Suleiman the Magnificent's tomb at Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul. His brother Ahmed succeeded him as Sultan.[11]

## Gallery

[edit]

* Tughra of Suleiman II

* Suleiman II in Croatia

* Coin of Suleiman II

* Suleiman II

* Suleiman II

* The Ottoman Army after suffering a major defeat during the Second Battle of Mohács

## Sources

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f M. Çağatay Uluçay, Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları, Ötüken Publications, p. 113.
2. ^ "Sultan II. Süleyman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
3. ^ Günseli İnal; Semiramis Arşivi (2005). Semiramis: Sultan'ın gözünden şenlik. YKY. p. 27\. ISBN 978-975-08-0928-6. "Siileyman'in annesi Sirp Katrin yani Dilasiip Hatun"
4. ^ Ali Kemal Meram (1977). Padişah anaları: resimli belgesel tarih romanı. Öz Yayınları. p. 325.
5. ^ Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 271.
6. ^ Farooqi, Naimur Rahman (1989). Mughal-Ottoman relations: a study of political & diplomatic relations ... - Naimur Rahman Farooqi - Google Boeken. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
7. ^ Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 276.
8. ^ a b c d M. Çağatay Uluçay, Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları, Ötüken Publications, p. 113.
9. ^ Previously, Kadin was the rank reserved for women who had given at least a child to the sultan, but the associated title was simply "Hatun", meaning  woman
10. ^ Although some documents refer to some of the concubines of Mehmed IV, the previous sultan, such as  Kadin , historians agree that this class of concubines was institutionalized by Suleiman II
11. ^ Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 279.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2015). Bu Mülkün Sultanları. Alfa Yayıncılık. ISBN 978-6-051-71080-8.

## External links

[edit]

Media related to Suleiman II at Wikimedia Commons

Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire

House of Osman

Born: 15 April 1642 Died: 22 June 1691[aged 49]

Regnal titles
Preceded by

Mehmed IV

|  Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
8 November 1687 – 22 June 1691  | Succeeded by

Ahmed II

Sunni Islam titles
Preceded by

Mehmed IV

|  Caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate
8 November 1687 – 22 June 1691  | Succeeded by

Ahmed II

* v
* t
* e

Ottoman sultans / caliphs

* Dynasty
* Family tree (detailed)
* Family tree (simplified)
* Line of succession

* Osman I
* Orhan
* Murad I
* Bayezid I
* Interregnum (İsa Çelebi, Süleyman Çelebi, Musa Çelebi)
* Mehmed I
* Mustafa Çelebi
* Murad II
* Mehmed II
* Murad II
* Mehmed II
* Bayezid II
* Cem Sultan
* Selim I§
* Suleiman I
* Selim II
* Murad III
* Mehmed III
* Ahmed I
* Mustafa I
* Osman II
* Mustafa I
* Murad IV
* Ibrahim
* Mehmed IV
* Suleiman II
* Ahmed II
* Mustafa II
* Ahmed III
* Mahmud I
* Osman III
* Mustafa III
* Abdul Hamid I
* Selim III
* Mustafa IV
* Mahmud II
* Abdulmejid I
* Abdulaziz
* Murad V
* Abdul Hamid II
* Mehmed V
* Mehmed VI
* Abdulmejid II§§

§ First Ottoman caliph • §§ Caliph only

* Category

* Related templates: Heads of the Osmanoğlu family
* Valide sultans

* v
* t
* e

Ottoman princes

1st generation|

* Alaeddin Pasha
* Orhan

2nd generation|

* Süleyman Pasha
* Murad I
* Şehzade Halil

3rd generation|

* Savcı Bey
* Yakub Çelebi
* Bayezid I

4th generation|

* Süleyman Çelebi
* İsa Çelebi
* Mehmed I
* Musa Çelebi
* Mustafa Çelebi

5th generation|

* Murad II
* Küçük Mustafa

6th generation|

* Mehmed II
* Orhan Çelebi

7th generation|

* Bayezid II
* Cem Sultan

8th generation|

* Şehzade Ahmet
* Şehzade Korkut
* Selim I
* Şehzade Abdullah
* Şehzade Mahmud
* Şehzade Murad

9th generation|

* Suleiman I
* Şehzade Murad
* Üveys Pasha

10th generation|

* Şehzade Mustafa
* Şehzade Mehmed
* Şehzade Abdullah
* Selim II
* Şehzade Bayezid
* Şehzade Cihangir

11th generation|

* Murad III

12th generation|

* Mehmed III
* Sultan Yahya

13th generation|

* Şehzade Mahmud
* Ahmed I
* Mustafa I

14th generation|

* Osman II
* Şehzade Mehmed
* Murad IV
* Şehzade Bayezid
* Şehzade Süleyman
* Şehzade Kasım
* Ibrahim

15th generation|

* Şehzade Ömer
* Mehmed IV
* Suleiman II
* Ahmed II

16th generation|

* Mustafa II
* Ahmed III
* Şehzade Ibrahim

17th generation|

* Mahmud I
* Osman III
* Şehzade Hasan
* Şehzade Süleyman
* Mustafa III
* Abdul Hamid I
* Şehzade Mehmed (son of Ahmed III)
* Şehzade Beyazid
* Şehzade Numan
* Şehzade Mahmud

18th generation|

* Selim III
* Mustafa IV
* Mahmud II
* Şehzade Abdullah Selim

19th generation|

* Abdulmejid I
* Abdulaziz
* Mustafa Efendi

20th generation|

* Murad V
* Abdul Hamid II
* Mehmed V
* Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin
* Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin
* Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin
* Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin
* Şehzade Selim Süleyman
* Mehmed VI
* Şehzade Mahmud Celaleddin
* Abdulmejid II
* Şehzade Mehmed Şevket
* Şehzade Mehmed Seyfeddin

21st generation|

* Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin
* Şehzade Mehmed Selim
* Şehzade Mehmed Ziyaeddin
* Şehzade Ibrahim Tevfik
* Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkadir
* Şehzade Mahmud Necmeddin
* Şehzade Ahmed Nuri
* Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin
* Şehzade Ömer Hilmi
* Şehzade Mehmed Cemaleddin
* Şehzade Abdurrahim Hayri
* Şehzade Mehmed Abdülhalim
* Şehzade Ömer Faruk
* Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin
* Mehmed Abdulaziz
* Şehzade Mahmud Şevket
* Şehzade Mehmed Şerafeddin
* Şehzade Ahmed Tevhid
* Şehzade Mehmed Abid
* Şehzade Mehmed Nizameddin
* Şehzade Mehmed Ertuğrul

22nd generation|

* Şehzade Ahmed Nihad
* Şehzade Osman Fuad
* Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkerim
* Mehmed Orhan
* Ertuğrul Osman
* Şehzade Mahmud Namık
* Bayezid Osman

23rd generation|

* Şehzade Ali Vasib
* Dündar Ali Osman
* Harun Osman

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Poland
* Israel

People|

* Deutsche Biographie
* DDB

Other|

* IdRef
* İslâm Ansiklopedisi

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template