Sulfur dichloride

Sulfur dichloride  Structure and dimensions of the sulfur dichloride molecule

| Ball-and-stick model of sulfur dichloride | Space-filling model of sulfur dichloride

|

Names
IUPAC name

* Dichlorosulfane
* Sulfur dichloride
* Sulfur(II) chloride

Other names

* Chloro thiohypochlorite
* Dichloro sulfide
* Sulphur chloride

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 10545-99-0 Y

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

ChemSpider |

* 23682

ECHA InfoCard | 100.031.014
EC Number |

* 234-129-0

PubChem CID

* 25353

RTECS number |

* WS4500000

UNII |

* 8Q6684WQ9H Y

UN number | 1828

CompTox Dashboard (EPA)

* DTXSID4051538

InChI

* InChI=1S/Cl2S/c1-3-2

Key: FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

* InChI=1/Cl2S/c1-3-2

Key: FWMUJAIKEJWSSY-UHFFFAOYAS

SMILES

* ClSCl

Properties

Chemical formula

| SCl2
Molar mass | 102.96 g·mol−1
Appearance  | Cherry-red liquid
Odor | Pungent
Density | 1.621 g/cm3
Melting point | −121.0 °C (−185.8 °F; 152.2 K)
Boiling point | 59 °C (138 °F; 332 K) (decomposes)

Solubility in water

| Insoluble, reacts slowly

Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

| −49.4·10−6 cm3/mol

Refractive index (nD)

| 1.5570
Structure

Coordination geometry

| C2v

Molecular shape

| Bent
Hazards
GHS labelling:

Pictograms

Signal word

| Danger

Hazard statements

| H314, H335, H400

Precautionary statements

| P260, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)  |

Autoignition
temperature

| 234 °C (453 °F; 507 K)
Safety data sheet (SDS)  | ICSC 1661
Related compounds

Related

* Disulfur dichloride
* Thionyl chloride
* Sulfuryl chloride

Related compounds

* Sulfur difluoride
* Sulfur tetrafluoride
* Sulfur hexafluoride
* Disulfur dibromide

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Y verify (what is YN ?)

Infobox references

Chemical compound

Sulfur dichloride is the chemical compound with the formula SCl2. This cherry-red liquid is the simplest sulfur chloride and one of the most common, and it is used as a precursor to organosulfur compounds. It is a highly corrosive and toxic substance, and it reacts on contact with water to form chlorine-containing acids.[1]

## Chlorination of sulfur

[edit]

SCl2 is produced by the chlorination of either elemental sulfur or disulfur dichloride. The process occurs in a series of steps, some of which are:

S8 \+ 4 Cl2 → 4 S2Cl2; ΔH = −58.2 kJ/mol
S2Cl2 \+ Cl2 ⇌ 2 SCl2; ΔH = −40.6 kJ/mol

The addition of Cl2 to S2Cl2 has been proposed to proceed via a mixed valence intermediate Cl3S−SCl. SCl2 undergoes even further chlorination to give SCl4, but this species is unstable at near room temperature. It is likely that several SnCl2 exist where n > 2\.

Disulfur dichloride, S2Cl2, is a common impurity in SCl2.[1] Separation of SCl2 from S2Cl2 is possible via distillation with PCl3 to form an azeotrope of 99% purity. Sulfur dichloride loses chlorine slowly at room temperature, converting to disulfur dichloride and eventually higher sulfanes. Pure samples may be stored in sealed glass ampules which develop a slight positive pressure of chlorine, halting the decomposition.

## Use of SCl2 in chemical synthesis

[edit]

SCl2 is used in organic synthesis. It adds to alkenes to give chloride-substituted thioethers. Illustrative is its addition to 1,5-cyclooctadiene to give a bicyclic thioether[2] A well tested method for the production of the mustard gas bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide, is the addition of ethylene to sulfur dichloride:[3]

SCl2 \+ 2 C2H4 → (ClC2H4)2S

SCl2 is also a precursor to several inorganic sulfur compounds. Treatment with fluoride salts gives SF4 via the decomposition of the intermediate sulfur difluoride. With H2S, SCl2 reacts to give "lower" sulfanes such as S3H2. SO3 oxidizes SCl2 to SOCl2.

Reaction with ammonia affords sulfur nitrides related to S4N4. Treatment of SCl2 with primary amines gives sulfur diimides. One example is di-t-butylsulfurdiimide.[4]

## Safety considerations

[edit]

SCl2 hydrolyzes with release of HCl. Old samples contain Cl2.[1]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c F. Fehèr (1963). "Dichloromonosulfane". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 1\. NY, NY: Academic Press. p. 370.
2. ^ Bishop, Roger (1992). "9-Thiabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6-dione". Organic Syntheses. 70: 120; Collected Volumes, vol. 9, p. 692.
3. ^ R. J. Cremlyn “An Introduction to Organosulfur Chemistry” John Wiley and Sons: Chichester (1996). ISBN 0-471-95512-4.
4. ^ Kresze, G.; Wucherpfennig, W. (1967). "New Methods of Preparative Organic Chemistry V: Organic Syntheses with Imides of Sulfur Dioxide". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 6 (2): 149–167\. doi:10.1002/anie.196701491. PMID 4962859.

* v
* t
* e

Sulfur compounds

Sulfides and
disulfides|

* Al2S3
* As2S2
* As2S3
* As2S5
* As4S4
* Au2S
* Au2S3
* B2S3
* BaS
* BeS
* Bi2S3
* CS2
* C3S2
* C6S6
* CaS
* CdS
* CeS
* CoS
* Cr2S3
* CSSe
* CSTe
* CuFeS2
* CuS
* D2S
* Dy2S3
* Er2S3
* EuS
* FeS2
* GaS
* H2S
* HfS2
* HgS
* In2S3
* K2S
* LaS
* LiS
* MgS
* MoS2
* MoS3
* NaHS
* Na2S
* NH4HS
* NiS
* P4Sx
* PbS
* PbS2
* PSCl3
* PSI3
* PtS
* ReS2
* Re2S7
* SiS
* SrS
* TlS
* VS
* SeS2
* S2U
* WS2
* WS3
* Sb2S3
* Sb2S5
* Sb4S3O3
* Sm2S3
* Y2S3
* ZrS2
* La

* Gd

Sulfur halides|

* S2Br2
* SBr2
* S2Cl2
* SCl2
* SCl4
* SF2
* SF4
* S2F10
* SF6
* S2I2

Sulfur oxides
and oxyhalides|

* SO2
* SO3
* SOBr2
* SOCl2
* SOF2
* SOF4
* H2S3O6
* H2SO3
* H2SO4
* H2S2O7
* H2SO5

| Sulfites|

* CdSO3
* K2SO3

|

Sulfates|

* Ag2SO4
* CaSO4
* CuSO4
* Cs2SO4
* Er2(SO4)3
* Eu2(SO4)3
* HgSO4
* K2SO4
* KAl(SO4)2
* NaAl(SO4)2
* RaSO4
* SnSO4
* SrSO4
* Ti(SO4)2
* Tm2(SO4)3
* Yb2(SO4)3
* Zr(SO4)2

Sulfur nitrides|

* SN
* S2N2
* S4N4

Thiocyanates|

* HSCN
* KSCN
* Co(SCN)2

Organic compounds|

* C2H4S
* C2H6S3
* C4H4S
* C32H66S2
* CHCl3S
* C2H3SN

* v
* t
* e

Salts and covalent derivatives of the chloride ion

| HCl |  |  |  | He

|
|
|
|

LiCl | BeCl2 | B4Cl4
B12Cl12
BCl3
B2Cl4
+BO3 | C2Cl2
C2Cl4
C2Cl6
CCl4

+CO3 | NCl3
ClN3

+NO3 | ClxOy
Cl2O
Cl2O2
ClO
ClO2
Cl2O4
Cl2O6
Cl2O7
ClO4
+O | ClF
ClF3
ClF5 | Ne
NaCl | MgCl2 | AlCl
AlCl3 | Si5Cl12
Si2Cl6
SiCl4 | P2Cl4
PCl3
PCl5
+P | S2Cl2
SCl2
SCl4
+SO4 | Cl2 | Ar
KCl | CaCl
CaCl2 |  | ScCl3 | TiCl2
TiCl3
TiCl4 | VCl2
VCl3
VCl4
VCl5 | CrCl2
CrCl3
CrCl4 | MnCl2
MnCl3 | FeCl2
FeCl3 | CoCl2
CoCl3 | NiCl2 | CuCl
CuCl2 | ZnCl2 | GaCl
GaCl3 | GeCl2
GeCl4 | AsCl3
AsCl5
+As | Se2Cl2
SeCl2
SeCl4 | BrCl | Kr
RbCl | SrCl2 |  | YCl3 | ZrCl2
ZrCl3
ZrCl4 | NbCl3
NbCl4
NbCl5 | MoCl2
MoCl3
MoCl4
MoCl5
MoCl6 | TcCl3
TcCl4 | RuCl2
RuCl3
RuCl4 | RhCl3 | PdCl2 | AgCl | CdCl2 | InCl
InCl2
InCl3 | SnCl2
SnCl4 | SbCl3
SbCl5 | Te3Cl2
TeCl2
TeCl4 | ICl
ICl3 | XeCl
XeCl2
XeCl4
CsCl | BaCl2 | *  | LuCl3 | HfCl4 | TaCl3
TaCl4
TaCl5 | WCl2
WCl3
WCl4
WCl5
WCl6 | ReCl3
ReCl4
ReCl5
ReCl6 | OsCl2
OsCl3
OsCl4
OsCl5 | IrCl2
IrCl3
IrCl4 | PtCl2
PtCl4 | AuCl
(Au[AuCl4])2
AuCl3 | Hg2Cl2
HgCl2 | TlCl
TlCl3 | PbCl2
PbCl4 | BiCl3 | PoCl2
PoCl4 | AtCl | Rn
FrCl | RaCl2 | **  | LrCl3 | RfCl4 | DbCl5 | SgO2Cl2 | BhO3Cl | Hs  | Mt  | Ds  | Rg  | Cn  | Nh  | Fl  | Mc  | Lv  | Ts  | Og

*  | LaCl3 | CeCl3 | PrCl3 | NdCl2
NdCl3 | PmCl3 | SmCl2
SmCl3 | EuCl2
EuCl3 | GdCl3 | TbCl3 | DyCl2
DyCl3 | HoCl3 | ErCl3 | TmCl2
TmCl3 | YbCl2
YbCl3
**  | AcCl3 | ThCl3
ThCl4 | PaCl4
PaCl5 | UCl3
UCl4
UCl5
UCl6 | NpCl3
NpCl4 | PuCl3 | AmCl2
AmCl3 | CmCl3 | BkCl3 | CfCl3
CfCl2 | EsCl2
EsCl3 | FmCl2 | MdCl2 | NoCl2
*[CID]: Compound ID
*[EPA]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
*[H314]: H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
*[H335]: H335: May cause respiratory irritation
*[H400]: H400: Very toxic to aquatic life
*[P260]: P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
*[P261]: P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
*[P264]: P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
*[P271]: P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
*[P273]: P273: Avoid release to the environment.
*[P280]: P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
*[P301+P330+P331]: P301+P330+P331: IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
*[P303+P361+P353]: P303+P361+P353: IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water [or shower].
*[P304+P340]: P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
*[P305+P351+P338]: P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse continuously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
*[P310]: P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
*[P312]: P312: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
*[P321]: P321: Specific treatment (see ... on this label).
*[P363]: P363: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
*[P391]: P391: Collect spillage.
*[P403+P233]: P403+P233: Store in a well ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
*[P405]: P405: Store locked up.
*[P501]: P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
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