Summer Paralympic Games

International multi-sport event for disabled athletes

Summer Paralympic Games

The Paralympic cauldron in Paris during the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

Games

* 1960
* 1964
* 1968
* 1972
* 1976
* 1980
* 1984
* 1988
* 1992
* 1996
* 2000
* 2004
* 2008
* 2012
* 2016
* 2020
* 2024

Sports

* Archery
* Athletics
* Badminton
* Boccia
* Cycling
* Equestrian
* Football 5-a-side
* Goalball
* Judo
* Powerlifting
* Rowing
* Sailing
* Shooting
* Swimming
* Taekwondo
* Table tennis
* Volleyball
* Wheelchair basketball
* Wheelchair fencing
* Wheelchair rugby
* Wheelchair tennis

Paralympic Games

Main topics

* Bids
* Charter
* Host cities
* IPC
* NPCs
* Medal tables
* Medalists
* Sports
* Symbols

Games

* Summer Paralympics
* Winter Paralympics

Regional games

* Asian Para Games
* African Para Games
* European Para Championships
* Parapan American Games

* v
* t
* e

The Summer Paralympics, also known as the Games of the Paralympiad, are an international multi-sport event where athletes with physical disabilities compete. This includes athletes with mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy. The Paralympic Games are held every four years, organized by the International Paralympic Committee. Medals are awarded in every event, with gold medals for first place, silver for second and bronze for third, a tradition that the Olympic Games started in 1904.

The United States, United Kingdom and Japan have each hosted the Summer Paralympic Games twice. Another eleven countries hosted the summer Paralympics once, this list includes: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, South Korea and Spain.

As of the 2024 Summer Paralympics, fourteen countries have competed in every edition of the Summer Games: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States were represented at all Summer Paralympic Games. From this list, around 6 achieved gold medals in all editions until 2024: Australia, France, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands and the United States.

The United States was the top-ranking (medals) nation for eight Paralympic Summer Games: 1964, 1968, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992 and 1996. China was the top-ranking nation for the six most recent Games, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020 and 2024. Three other countries managed to achieve this position at least once: Italy (1960),  Germany (1972) and Australia (2000).

## Qualification

[edit]

Qualification rules for each of the Paralympic sports are set by the International Federation (IF) that governs that sport's international competition.

## History

[edit]

The first official Paralympic Games was held in Rome, Italy, in 1960.[1] 400 athletes from 23 countries competed at the 1960 Games though only athletes in wheelchairs competed.

At the 1976 Summer Games athletes with different disabilities were included for the first time at a summer Paralympics. With the inclusion of more disability classifications, the 1976 Summer Games expanded to 1,600 athletes from 40 countries.[2]

The 1988 Summer Paralympics were the first to be hosted in the same venues (and thus use the same facilities) as the Olympics of that year. Since then, all Paralympic Games are now held in the same city that hosted the Olympics, with a two-week gap between each.

Rio de Janeiro held the 2016 Summer Paralympics, becoming the first Latin American and South American city to host either the Summer or Winter Games. Tokyo hosted the 2020 Summer Paralympics which made it the first city to host the games twice.

## Functional Classification

[edit]

A wheelchair basketball game at the 2008 Summer Paralympics

Every participant at the Paralympics has their disability grouped into one of ten disability categories; impaired muscle power, impaired passive range of movement, limb deficiency, leg length difference, short stature, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis, vision impairment and intellectual impairment.[3] Each Paralympic sport then has its own classifications, dependent upon the specific physical demands of competition. Events are given a code, made of numbers and letters, describing the type of event and classification of the athletes competing. Some sports, such as athletics, divide athletes by both the category and severity of their disabilities, other sports, for example swimming, group competitors from different categories together, the only separation being based on the severity of the disability.[4] Within the ten disability categories the athletes still need to be divided according to their level of impairment. The classification systems differ from sport to sport and is intended to even the playing field so as to allow as many athletes to participate as possible. Classifications vary in accordance with the different skills required to perform the sport.

### Archery

[edit]

Archery is open to athletes with a physical disability. Classifications are broken up into three divisions: W1, spinal cord injured and cerebral palsy athletes with impairment in all four limbs. W2, wheelchair users with full arm function. W3, standing amputee, Les Autres and cerebral palsy standing athletes. Some athletes in the standing group will sit on a high stool for support but will still have their feet touching the ground.[5]

### Athletics

[edit]

Athletics are open to all disability groups and uses a functional classification system. A brief classification guide is as follows: prefixing F for field athletes or T for track athletes. F or T 11–13 are visually impaired, F or T 20 are learning disabled, F or T 32–38 are cerebral palsy, F or T 40–46 amputee and Les Autres, T 51–54 wheelchair track athletes and F 51–58 wheelchair field athletes.[6]

### Basketball

[edit]

Basketball is open to wheelchair athletes. Wheelchair athletes are classified according to their physical ability and are given a point rating between 0.5 – 4.5. The individuals who rate at 0.5 are the most severely disabled and those at 4.5 are the least disabled. A team on the court comprises five players and may not exceed a total of 14 points at any given time.[7]

### Boccia

[edit]

Boccia is open to athletes with cerebral palsy or related neurological conditions who compete from a wheelchair. Classifications are split into four groups; BC1: Athletes are either throwers or foot players (with cerebral palsy). Athletes may compete with an assistant BC2: For throwing players (with cerebral palsy). Players may not have an assistant BC3: Athletes (with severe disability) who use an assistive device and may be assisted by a person, but this assistant must keep their back to the court. BC4: For throwing players. Players may not have an assistant (non-cerebral palsy).[8]

### Cycling

[edit]

Cycling is open to amputee, Les Autres, cerebral palsy and visually impaired athletes who compete in the individual road race and track events. Classifications are broken up into divisions 2, 3 and 4. Athletes in division two are the most severely disabled. While athletes in division four are considered to be higher functioning. Visually impaired athletes compete together with no separate classification system. They ride in tandem with a sighted guide. Amputee, spinal cord injury and Les Autres competitors compete within the classification groupings LC1 – for riders with upper limb disabilities, LC2 – for riders with disabilities in one leg but who are able to pedal normally, LC3 – essentially for riders with a handicap in one lower limb who will usually pedal with one leg only, and LC4 for riders with disabilities affecting both legs.[9]

### Equestrian

[edit]

Equestrian is open to all disability groups, with riders divided into four grades. Grade 1 incorporates severely disabled riders with cerebral palsy, Les Autres and spinal cord injury. Grade 2 incorporates cerebral palsy, Les Autres, spinal cord injury and amputee riders with reasonable balance and abdominal control. Grade 3 is for cerebral palsy, Les Autres, amputee, spinal cord injury and totally blind athletes with good balance, leg movement and coordination. Grade 4 incorporates athletes who have cerebral palsy, Les Autres, amputation(s), spinal cord injury and/or are visually impaired. This last group comprises ambulant athletes with either impaired vision or impaired arm/leg function.[10]

### Fencing

[edit]

Fencing is open to wheelchair athletes. There are only three classes; class A incorporates those athletes with good balance and recovery and full trunk movement; class B is for those with poor balance and recovery but full use of one or both upper limbs; class C is for athletes with severe physical impairment in all four limbs.[11]

### Football

[edit]

There are two forms of football played at the Paralympics. The first is 5-a-side football, which is open to visually impaired athletes. The second is 7-a-side football, which is open to athletes with cerebral palsy. 5-a-side football is open to all visually impaired athletes. Since there are different levels of visual impairment, all players except the goalie (who acts as a guide) are required to wear eye shades. The field dimensions are smaller than able-bodied football, there are only five players on the pitch and the ball makes a sound. Otherwise, the rules are exactly the same as able-bodied football.[12] Athletes competing in 7-a-side football are broken down into classes 5, 6, 7 and 8. All classes comprise ambulant athletes; class 5 being the least physically able, progressing through to class 8 who are minimally affected. Teams must include at least one athlete from either class 5 or 6. Furthermore, no more than three players from class 8 are allowed to play at the same time. Other than the fact that the game is played with seven players the rest of the rules and dimensions of the playing field are the same as able-bodied football.[13]

The Swedish goalball team at the 2004 Summer Paralympics

### Goalball

[edit]

Goalball is open to visually impaired athletes who must wear "black out" masks to ensure all participants can compete equally, thereby eliminating the need for classification. The ball has a bell in it to help the players react to the ball. Complete silence at the venue is required so that the athletes can orient themselves and to ensure fairness.[14]

### Judo

[edit]

Judo is open to visually impaired athletes. The rules are the same as able-bodied judo except that the players are allowed contact with their opponent prior to the start of the match. There are no classifications; participants are divided into weight categories in the same way as able-bodied judo athletes.[15]

### Powerlifting

[edit]

Powerlifting is open to athletes with cerebral palsy, spinal cord injuries, amputations (lower limb only), and Les Autres. Since the competition is a test of upper body strength the classifications are by weight category as in able-bodied powerlifting competition.[16]

### Sailing

[edit]

Sailing is open to amputee, cerebral palsy, visually impaired, spinal cord injured and Les Autres athletes. There are three events, one for single, double, and triple-crew boats. Classification for sailing in the three-person event is based on a functional points system with low points for severely disabled athletes rising by scale to high points for less disabled athletes. A classification committee evaluates each sailor and assign a point from one to seven based on their level of ability. Each crew of three is allowed a maximum of 14 points. The single-person event can be crewed regardless of points, but the sailor must have at least a minimum level of disability which prevents them from competing on equal terms with able-bodied sailors. The two-person event is designed for more severely disabled athletes.[17]

### Shooting

[edit]

Shooting is open to athletes with a physical disability. There are only two classes of competition, wheelchair and standing. There are two types of events, pistol and rifle. The athletes are broken down into classes based on their upper body functionality, balance, muscle strength and limb mobility. The three classes are SH1-competitors do not require a shooting stand, SH2-competitors cannot support the weight of the gun and require a shooting stand, and SH3-Rifle competitors with a visual impairment.[18]

A Paralympian in the women's butterfly at the 2008 Summer Paralympics

### Swimming

[edit]

The Paralympic swimming competition features all four of the strokes used in able-bodied swimming competitions. Classification is divided into three groups: S1 to S10 are those with physical impairment. S1 will have the most severe impairment and an S10 a lesser impairment. Athletes are judged on their muscle strength, joint range of motion, limb length and movement co-ordination. S11 to S13 are those with a visual impairment. S11 will have little or no vision, S12 can recognise the shape of a hand and have some ability to see, S13 greater vision than the other two classes but less than 20 degrees of vision. S14 is for athletes with a learning difficulty.[19]

### Table Tennis

[edit]

Table tennis is open to athletes with a physical disability. There are individual, doubles, and team events. A match is 5 sets of 11 points each. The athletes are broken down into ten divisions based on their level of function. Classes 1 to 5 are for athletes competing from a wheelchair with class 1 being the most severely disabled and class 5 the least disabled. Classes 6 to 10 encompass ambulant athletes with class 6 the most severely disabled and class 10 the least.[20]

### Tennis

[edit]

Tennis at the Paralympics is played with all the same rules as able-bodied tennis with the exception that the ball is allowed to bounce twice, and the first bounce must be within the bounds of the court. It is open to athletes with a mobility related disability which means that they cannot compete on equal terms with able-bodied tennis players. The game is played from a wheelchair, with two classes, paraplegic (at least one leg must have a permanent and substantial loss of function) and quadriplegic (at least three limbs must have a permanent and substantial loss of function).[21]

### Volleyball

[edit]

Volleyball is open to athletes with a physical disability and is performed from a seated position. In sitting volleyball, the court is smaller than the standard court and has a lower net. In the sitting games the only classification rule is that each team may have only one player who fits the minimum disability rule, which is that their disability prevents them from competing on equal terms with able-bodied athletes. The other players on the team must demonstrate a higher level of disability.[22]

### Wheelchair rugby

[edit]

Athletes are classified on a points system similar to wheelchair basketball, with the most severely disabled athlete being graded at 0.5 points rising to 3.5 points. Each team has four players and is allowed a maximum of eight points on the court at any one time.[23]

## All-time medal table

[edit]

See also: All-time Paralympic Games medal table

The table below uses official data provided by the International Paralympic Committee.

Defunct nation

status after the 2024 Summer Paralympics

### Summer Paralympics (1960–2024)

[edit]

Rank| NOC| Gold| Silver| Bronze| Total

|
|
|
|
|

1|  United States (USA)| 844| 778| 766| 2,388
2|  Great Britain (GBR)| 718| 669| 661| 2,048
3|  China (CHN)| 629| 476| 352| 1,457
4|  Canada (CAN)| 410| 347| 356| 1,113
5|  Australia (AUS)| 407| 439| 422| 1,268
6|  France (FRA)| 376| 390| 401| 1,167
7|  Netherlands (NED)| 328| 279| 257| 864
8|  West Germany (FRG)*| 322| 260| 246| 828
9|  Poland (POL)| 277| 271| 228| 776
10|  Sweden (SWE)| 235| 234| 180| 649
11|  Spain (ESP)| 224| 247| 256| 727
12|  Germany (GER)| 209| 270| 278| 757
13|  Italy (ITA)| 191| 217| 262| 670
14|  Ukraine (UKR)| 171| 190| 193| 554
15|  Japan (JPN)| 141| 150| 177| 468
16|  Brazil (BRA)| 135| 161| 172| 468
17|  South Korea (KOR)| 134| 126| 135| 395
18|  Israel (ISR)| 133| 127| 134| 394
19|  South Africa (RSA)| 123| 95| 92| 310
20|  Norway (NOR)| 117| 108| 99| 324
Totals (20 entries)| 6,124| 5,834| 5,667| 17,625

## List of Paralympic sports

[edit]

Main article: Paralympic sports

A number of different sports have been part of the Paralympic program at one point or another.

Current sport No longer included

| Sport | Years

|

Archery | all
Athletics | all
Badminton | since 2020
Basketball ID | 2000
Boccia | since 1984
Cycling | since 1988
Paracanoe | since 2016
Dartchery | 1960–1980
Equestrian | since 1996
Football 5-a-side | since 2004
Football 7-a-side | 1984–2016
Goalball | since 1976
Judo | since 1988
Lawn bowls | 1968–1988, 1996
Paraclimbing | 2028
Paratriathlon | since 2016
| Sport | Years

|

Powerlifting | since 1984
Rowing | since 2008
Sailing | 1996, 2000–2016
Shooting | since 1976
Snooker | 1960–1976, 1984–1988
Swimming | all
Taekwondo | since 2020
Table tennis | all
Volleyball | since 1976
Weightlifting | 1964–1992
Wheelchair basketball | all
Wheelchair fencing | all
Wheelchair rugby | 1996, since 2000
Wheelchair tennis | 1988, since 1992
Wrestling | 1980–1984

## List of Summer Paralympic Games

[edit]

1964, 2020

1968

1976

1984

1988

1996

2000

2032

2008

2016

2028

class=notpageimage|

Non-European host cities of Summer Paralympic Games

1960

1972

1980

1984

1992

1992

2004

2012

2024

class=notpageimage|

European host cities of Summer Paralympic Games

Games  | Year  | Host  | Opened by  | Dates  | Nations  | Competitors  | Sports  | Events  | Top Nation

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Total  | Men  | Women
1 | 1960  |  Rome, Italy | Camillo Giardina | 18–25 September 1960  | 23 | 400 |  |  | 8 | 57  |  Italy (ITA)
2 | 1964  |  Tokyo, Japan | Crown Prince Akihito | 3–12 November 1964  | 21 | 375 | 307 | 68 | 9 | 144  |  United States (USA)
3 | 1968  |  Tel Aviv, Israel | Yigal Allon | 4–13 November 1968  | 29 | 750 |  |  | 10 | 181  |  United States (USA)
4 | 1972  |  Heidelberg, West Germany | President Gustav Heinemann | 2–11 August 1972  | 41 | 1,004 |  |  | 187  |  West Germany (FRG)
5 | 1976  |  Toronto, Canada | Lieutenant Governor Pauline Mills McGibbon | 3–11 August 1976  | 32 | 1,657 | 1,404 | 253 | 13 | 447  |  United States (USA)
6 | 1980  |  Arnhem, Netherlands | Princess Margriet | 21–30 June 1980  | 42 | 1,973 |  |  | 12 | 489  |  United States (USA)
7 | 1984  |  New York City, United States | President Ronald Reagan | 17–30 June 1984  | 45 | 1,800 |  |  | 15 | 300  |  United States (USA)
Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom | Charles, Prince of Wales | 22 July – 1 August 1984  | 41 | 1,100 |  |  | 10 | 603  |  Great Britain (GBR)
8 | 1988  |  Seoul, South Korea | President Roh Tae-woo | 15–24 October 1988  | 61 | 3,057 |  |  | 17 | 732 |  United States (USA)
9 | 1992  |  Barcelona, Spain | Queen Sofía of Spain | 3–14 September 1992  | 82 | 3,020 |  |  | 20  | 555  |  United States (USA)
Madrid, Spain | 15–22 September 1992  | 75 | 1,600 |  |
10 | 1996  |  Atlanta, United States | Vice President Al Gore | 16–25 August 1996  | 104 | 3,259 | 2,469 | 790 | 17 | 508  |  United States (USA)
11 | 2000  |  Sydney, Australia | Governor-General Sir William Deane | 18–29 October 2000  | 121 | 3,881 | 2,891 | 990 | 19 | 551  |  Australia (AUS)
12 | 2004  |  Athens, Greece | President Konstantinos Stephanopoulos | 17–28 September 2004  | 136 | 3,806 | 2,646 | 1,160 | 518  |  China (CHN)
13 | 2008  |  Beijing, China | President Hu Jintao | 6–17 September 2008  | 146 | 3,951 |  |  | 472  |  China (CHN)
14 | 2012  |  London, United Kingdom | Queen Elizabeth II | 29 August – 9 September 2012  | 164 | 4,302 |  |  | 20 | 503  |  China (CHN)
15 | 2016  |  Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | President Michel Temer | 7–18 September 2016  | 159 | 4,342 |  |  | 22 | 528  |  China (CHN)
16 | 2020  |  Tokyo, Japan | Emperor Naruhito | 24 August – 5 September 2021[a] | 163 | 4,520 |  |  | 539  |  China (CHN)
17 | 2024  |  Paris, France | President Emmanuel Macron | 28 August – 8 September 2024  | 170 | 4,463 |  |  | 549  |  China (CHN)
18 | 2028 |  Los Angeles, United States |  | 15–27 August 2028 | Future event | 23 | 560 | Future event
19 | 2032 |  Brisbane, Australia |  | 24 August – 5 September 2032 | Future event
20 | 2036 |  |  | TBA | Future event

Italics indicates future events

a Postponed to 24 August to 5 September 2021,[24] due to the COVID-19 pandemic, marking the first time that the Paralympic Games had been postponed. They are still called the 2020 Summer Paralympics, even with the change in scheduling to one year later.[25]

## See also

[edit]

* All-time Paralympic Games medal count
* Cheating at the Paralympic Games
* Winter Paralympic Games
* Multi-sport event
* Summer Olympic Games

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ "Paralympics traces roots to Second World War", CBC, September 3, 2008
2. ^ "History of the Paralympic Games". Government of Canada. Archived from the original on 2010-03-12. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
3. ^ "IPC Classification - Paralympic Categories & How to Qualify".
4. ^ "A-Z of Paralympic classification". BBC Sport. 28 August 2008. Retrieved 25 December 2015.
5. ^ "Archery". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on September 13, 2009. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
6. ^ "Athletics". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on January 18, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
7. ^ "Basketball". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
8. ^ "Boccia rules of play" (PDF). Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association. pp. 6–8\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-05-25. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
9. ^ "Cycling". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on March 4, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
10. ^ "Equestrian". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on March 4, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
11. ^ "Fencing Classification Rules" (PDF). International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation. p. 10\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-14. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
12. ^ "Football 5-a-side". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
13. ^ "Football". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
14. ^ "Goalball". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
15. ^ "Judo". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
16. ^ "Powerlifting". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on September 12, 2009. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
17. ^ "Sailing". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
18. ^ "Shooting". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
19. ^ "Swimming". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
20. ^ "Table Tennis". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
21. ^ "Wheelchair Tennis". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
22. ^ "Volleyball". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
23. ^ "Wheelchair Rugby". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
24. ^ "Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics: New dates confirmed for 2021". BBC Sport. 30 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
25. ^ "Joint Statement from the International Olympic Committee and the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee - Olympic News". International Olympic Committee. 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.

## External links

[edit]

* Official Site of the Paralympic Movement

* v
* t
* e

Paralympic Games

* Charter
* Host cities
* IPC
* NPCs
* Medal tables
* Medalists
* Participating nations
* Summer
* Winter
* Sports
* Symbols

Summer Games|

* 1960 Rome
* 1964 Tokyo
* 1968 Tel Aviv
* 1972 Heidelberg
* 1976 Toronto
* 1980 Arnhem
* 1984 New York / Stoke Mandeville
* 1988 Seoul
* 1992 Barcelona / Madrid
* 1996 Atlanta
* 2000 Sydney
* 2004 Athens
* 2008 Beijing
* 2012 London
* 2016 Rio de Janeiro
* 2020 Tokyo†
* 2024 Paris
* 2028 Los Angeles
* 2032 Brisbane

Winter Games|

* 1976 Örnsköldsvik
* 1980 Geilo
* 1984 Innsbruck
* 1988 Innsbruck
* 1992 Tignes / Albertville
* 1994 Lillehammer
* 1998 Nagano
* 2002 Salt Lake City
* 2006 Turin
* 2010 Vancouver
* 2014 Sochi
* 2018 PyeongChang
* 2022 Beijing
* 2026 Milano Cortina
* 2030 French Alps
* 2034 Salt Lake City–Utah

†Postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic

* v
* t
* e

Nations that have competed at the Paralympic Games

Africa|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Comoros
* Congo
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Eritrea
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

Americas|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Argentina
* Aruba
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Bermuda
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Canada
* Chile
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Cuba
* Curaçao
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Grenada
* Guatemala
* Guyana
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Jamaica
* Mexico
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Puerto Rico
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Suriname
* Trinidad and Tobago
* United States
* Uruguay
* Venezuela
* Virgin Islands

Asia|

* Afghanistan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* China
* East Timor
* Hong Kong
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Macau
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* North Korea
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Palestine
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Chinese Taipei
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

Europe|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Faroe Islands
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Gilbraltar
* Great Britain
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Israel1
* Italy
* Kosovo
* Latvia
* Liechtenstein
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine

Oceania|

* Australia
* Winter
* Fiji
* Kiribati
* New Zealand
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tonga
* Vanuatu

Other|

* Independent Paralympic Participants
* Individual Paralympic Athletes
* Neutral Paralympic Athletes
* Refugee Paralympic Team
* RPC
* Unified Team

Historical|

* Czechoslovakia
* East Germany
* Rhodesia
* Serbia and Montenegro
* Soviet Union
* Yugoslavia

1 Israel has been a member of the European Paralympic Committee (EOC) since 1994.

* v
* t
* e

Summer Paralympic Games host cities

* 1960: Rome
* 1964: Tokyo
* 1968: Tel Aviv
* 1972: Heidelberg
* 1976: Toronto

* 1980: Arnhem
* 1984: New York City /  Stoke Mandeville
* 1988: Seoul
* 1992: Barcelona /  Madrid
* 1996: Atlanta

* 2000: Sydney
* 2004: Athens
* 2008: Beijing
* 2012: London

* 2016: Rio de Janeiro
* 2020: Tokyo
* 2024: Paris
* 2028: Los Angeles
* 2032: Brisbane

|
|
|

* v
* t
* e

Multi-sport events

Global

Olympic Games|

* Olympic Games
* Summer
* Winter
* Paralympic Games
* Summer
* Winter
* Youth Olympic Games

Parasports|

* Arafura Games
* Deaflympics
* Summer
* Winter
* Défi sportif
* IBSA World Games
* INAS Global Games
* Invictus Games
* World Dwarf Games
* Special Olympics
* Summer
* Winter
* World Abilitysport Games

Professions|

* International Army Games
* Lumberjack World Championship
* Military World Games
* World Air Games
* World Firefighters Games
* World Police and Fire Games
* Olympic Esports Games
* Olympic Esports Series
* Esports World Cup
* RoboGames
* World Cyber Games
* World Humanoid Robot Games

Youth and students|

* FISU World University Games (Universiade)
* World School Sport Games (Gymnasiade)
* International Youth Green Games
* International Children's Games
* SELL Student Games
* World Interuniversity Games
* Commonwealth Youth Games
* CPLP Games
* University International Sports Festival

Intercommunity|

* Arab Games
* BRICS Games
* Commonwealth Games
* Croatian World Games
* Gay Games
* Highland games
* Islamic Solidarity Games
* Jeux de la Francophonie
* Lusofonia Games
* Maccabiah Games
* Pan-Armenian Games
* World Transplant Games
* World Eskimo Indian Olympics
* World Indigenous Games
* World Polonia Games

Other|

* CSIT World Sports Games
* Dew Tour
* Mind Sports Olympiad
* UCI Cycling World Championships
* World Beach Games
* World Combat Games
* World Games
* World Masters Games
* World Mind Games
* World Nomad Games
* World Skate Games
* World Urban Games
* X Games

Regional

Africa|

* African Games
* African Para Games
* African Youth Games
* All-Africa University Games
* African School Games
* West African University Games
* African Beach Games

Americas|

* Pan American
* Pan American Games
* Parapan American Games
* Junior Pan American Games
* Americas Masters Games
* Central American and the Caribbean
* Central American and Caribbean Games
* Central American Games
* Latin American
* ALBA Games
* Bolivarian Games
* North American
* CANUSA Games
* North American Indigenous Games
* North American Outgames
* South American
* South American Games
* South American Beach Games
* South American University Games
* South American Youth Games
* Caribbean
* Caribbean Games

Asia|

* Pan Asian
* Asian Games
* Summer
* Winter
* Asian Para Games
* Asian Beach Games
* Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
* Asian Youth Games
* Southeast Asian
* SEA Games
* ASEAN School Games
* ASEAN University Games
* ASEAN Para Games
* Central Asian Games
* East Asian Youth Games
* South Asian Games
* West Asian Games1

Europe|

* Black Sea Games1
* European Games
* European Masters Games
* European Championships
* European Para Championships
* European Para Youth Games
* European Youth Olympic Festival
* EuroGames
* European Universities Championships
* European Universities Games
* Games of the Small States of Europe
* International Erasmus Games

Oceania|

* Australian Youth Olympic Festival
* Micronesian Games
* Pacific Games
* Pacific Mini Games
* Arafura Games

Intercontinental|

* Arab Games
* Arctic Winter Games
* Asia Pacific Deaf Games
* Asia Pacific Masters Games
* Isles
* Indian Ocean Island Games
* Island Games
* Jeux des îles
* Mediterranean Games

National

Americas|

* Canada
* British Columbia
* Ontario
* Quebec
* Saskatchewan
* Western
* Colombia
* United States
* amateur juniors
* seniors
* Warrior Games

NCSG,
United States3|

* Alabama
* California
* Florida
* Massachusetts
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* New York
* North Carolina
* Lakota Nation
* Texas
* Wisconsin

Asia|

* Bangladesh
* China
* All-China Games
* National Games
* National Peasants' Games
* National Youth Games
* India
* Youth
* University
* Indonesia
* Japan
* Malaysia
* Mongolia
* Nepal
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* National Games
* Para Games
* Student
* Youth
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Summer
* Winter
* Thailand
* Youth
* Vietnam
* Taiwan
* National Games (Taiwan)

Europe|

* Poland (youth)
* WheelPower

Historical1

Pre-Modern Olympics
(in order, from 1900 BC to 1859 AD)|

* Tailteann Games (ancient)
* Panhellenic Games
* Ancient Olympic Games
* Pythian Games
* Nemean Games
* Isthmian Games
* Heraean Games
* Panathenaic Games
* Roman Games
* Cotswold Olimpick Games
* Gog Magog Games
* Wenlock Olympian Society Annual Games
* Zappas Olympics

Alternatives to the
Modern Olympics|

* Aryan Games
* Friendship Games
* GANEFO
* Goodwill Games
* Inter-Allied Games
* Islamic Games
* Liberty Bell Classic
* People's Olympiad
* Workers' Olympiads
* Spartakiad

Defunct regional or
community events|

* Afro-Asian Games
* Asian Indoor Games
* Asian Martial Arts Games
* Baltic Sea Games
* Black Sea Games
* Central African Games
* East Asian Games
* Far Eastern Championship Games
* FESPIC Games
* Games of the New Emerging Forces
* Pacific Ocean Games
* Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR
* Tailteann Games (modern)
* West African Games
* Women's Islamic Games
* World Youth Games
* IWAS World Games
* Cerebral Palsy Games
* South African Games
* North Dakota
* Netherlands
* Spartakiad of Albania
* Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR
* youth

Winter sports

International|

* Olympics
* Paralympics
* Winter University Games
* FIS Games
* Nordic Games1
* Commonwealth1
* World Scout
* Arctic Winter Games
* Kennedy Memorial1
* New Zealand Winter Games
* Winter World Masters Games

Regional|

* National Winter Games of China
* Asian Winter Games
* European Youth Olympic Festival
* Winter X Games Europe
* Russian–Chinese Winter Youth Games

* 1 Defunct
* 2 Sub-national
* 3 51 component games in 36 U.S. states

* Category
* List
* WikiProject

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