Surveillance tools

Surveillance tools are all means of technology provided and used by the surveillance industry, police or military intelligence, and national security institutions that enable individual surveillance and mass surveillance. Steven Ashley in 2008 listed the following components used for surveillance:[1][2][full citation needed]

* Primarily electronic
* Digital still and video cameras (CCTVs)
* GPSs for tracking
* Electronic toll takers
* Computer surveillance
* Phone tapping
* Cell phone monitoring
* Voice, facial features, walking gait and other biometric characteristics
* Covert listening devices or "bugs", tiny, hidden microphone and short-range radio transmitter
* directional microphones
* primarily chemical
* Artificial noses
* Chemical markers like UV markers
* DNA sensors: Biochip etc., for screening tiniest traces of body material
* Other
* Airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles and satellites
* Night-vision goggles or telescopes
* Laser beam bounced off a window to record vibrations in the pane from conversations in the room
* Discarded items containing personal information, like
* phone bills,
* credit-card statements and
* computer hard drives (using digital forensics)

The electronic means, especially when combined with Internet features (ubiquitous computing, IoT) and enhanced by artificial intelligence analysis methods readily lend themselves to mass surveillance.[3] This is why countersurveillance measures like anonymization and end-to-end encryption have become critical. Devices like chemical markers, on the other hand are more suited and in fact designed mainly for monitoring individuals.

## See also

[edit]

* Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)
* List of government mass surveillance projects
* National Applications Office
* Surveillance Detection Unit

## References

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1. ^ Scientific American.
2. ^ ScienceDirect Topics. sfn error: no target: CITEREFScienceDirect_Topics (help)
3. ^ STOA.

## External links

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* "Mass Surveillance Part 1-Risks and opportunities raised by the current generation ofnetwork services and applications". EPRS European Parliamentary Research Service Scientific Foresight (STOA) UnitPE. 2014. pdf
* "Digital Surveillance: Tools of the Spy Trade". Scientific American. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0908-70. Retrieved August 11, 2020.

* v
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Espionage

* Agents
* Assets

* Agent handling
* Agent provocateur
* Cooptee
* Cover
* Agent
* Cutout
* Double agent
* Fabricator
* Field agent
* Intelligence officer
* Mole
* Resident spy
* Sleeper agent
* Spymaster

Analysis|

* Intelligence assessment
* competing hypotheses

Devices and
communications|

* Burn notice
* Concealment device
* Covert listening device
* Cryptography

* Computer and network surveillance
* Cyber espionage
* Dead drop
* Invisible ink
* Numbers station
* One-way voice link
* Phone surveillance
* Short-range agent communications
* Steganography
* microdot
* Surveillance tools

Tradecraft and
techniques|

* Canary trap
* Front organization
* Limited hangout

Operations|

* Chinese intelligence activity abroad
* Chinese espionage in the United States
* Cold War espionage
* Recruitment
* Black operation
* black bag
* wetwork
* Eavesdropping
* SIGINT
* MASINT
* False flag
* Industrial espionage
* Interpersonal (HUMINT) intelligence
* interrogation
* safe house
* COINTELPRO
* MINARET
* SHAMROCK
* FVEY
* Sexpionage
* Stay-behind
* Sting operation
* Surveillance
* Corporate
* Global
* Mass
* Targeted surveillance

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