Suzhou

This article is about the city (苏州市) in Jiangsu. For the city in Anhui, see Suzhou (宿州市), Anhui. For other uses, see Suzhou (disambiguation).

Prefecture-level city in Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

Suzhou

苏州市

Soochow

Prefecture-level city

Gate to the East at Suzhou Industrial Park

Zhouzhuang Town

Garden of Cultivation

Suzhou HSR New Town

Lingering Garden

Location of Suzhou in Jiangsu

Suzhou

Coordinates (Suzhou municipal government): 31°18′00″N 120°37′10″E﻿ / ﻿31.30000°N 120.61944°E﻿ / 31.30000; 120.61944
Country| People's Republic of China
Province| Jiangsu
County-level divisions| 11
Established| 514 BC
Municipal seat| Gusu District
Government

• Type| Prefecture-level city
• Party Secretary| Liu Xiaotao
• Mayor| Wu Qingwen
Area

[1]

• Prefecture-level city

| 8,488.42 km2 (3,277.40 sq mi)
• Land| 5,851 km2 (2,259 sq mi)
• Water| 2,394.50 km2 (924.52 sq mi)
• Urban

| 2,944.4 km2 (1,136.8 sq mi)
• Metro

| 12,493 km2 (4,824 sq mi)
Population

(2020 census)

• Prefecture-level city

| 12,748,252
• Density| 1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi)
• Urban

| 6,715,559
• Urban density| 2,300/km2 (5,900/sq mi)
Demonym| Suzhounese
GDP[2]

• Prefecture-level city| CN¥ 2.672 trillion
US$ 372.2 billion
• Per capita| CN¥ 209,652
US$ 29,205
Time zone| UTC+8 (Beijing Time)
Postal code|

215000

Area code| 512
ISO 3166 code| CN-JS-05
HDI (2015)| 0.868– very high[3]
City flower| Osmanthus
City tree| Camphor laurel
Regional dialect| Wu: Suzhou dialect
License plate prefix| 苏E and 苏U[4]
Website| www.suzhou.gov.cn
Suzhou

"Suzhou" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters

Simplified Chinese| 苏州
Traditional Chinese| 蘇州
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Sūzhōu
Wade–Giles| Su1-chou1
IPA| [sú.ʈʂóʊ]

Suzhounese| Sou-tseü
Hakka
Romanization| Sû-chû
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization| Sōujāu
Jyutping| Sou1-zau1
IPA| [sɔw˥.tsɐw˥]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ| Soo-ciŭ

Suzhou[a] is a major prefecture-level city in southern Jiangsu province, China. It is part of the Yangtze Delta megalopolis.

Founded in 514 BC, Suzhou rapidly grew in size by the Eastern Han dynasty, mostly due to emigration from northern China.[6] From the 10th century onwards, it has been an important economic, cultural, and commercial center,[7] as well as the largest non-capital city in the world, until it was overtaken by Shanghai.[8][9] Since economic reforms began in 1978, Suzhou attained GDP growth rates of about 14% in 35 years.[10][11] In 2023, Suzhou had 5 million registered residents.[12] Suzhou is listed as the # 42 cities by scientific output according to the Nature Index 2024.[13] The city is home to universities, including Soochow University, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong–Liverpool University, and Changshu Institute of Technology.[14][15]

The city's tourist attractions include canals, stone bridges, pagodas, and gardens. Along with Hangzhou, it is sometimes described as heaven on earth. The Classical Gardens of Suzhou were added to the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1997 and 2000.[16][17][18]

## Names

[edit]

During the Zhou dynasty, a settlement known as Gusu after nearby Mount Gusu (Chinese: 姑苏山; pinyin: Gūsūshān) became the capital of the state of Wu. From this role, it also came to be called Wu as well. In 514 BC, King Helü of Wu established a new capital nearby at Helü City and this grew into the modern city. During the Warring States period, Helü City continued to serve as the local seat of government. From the areas it administered, it became known as Wuxian (lit. "Wu County") and Wujun ("Wu Commandery").[19] Under the Qin, it was known as Kuaiji after its greatly enlarged commandery, which was named for the reputed resting place of Yu the Great near modern Shaoxing in Zhejiang.

The name "Suzhou" was first officially used for the city in AD 589 during the Sui dynasty. Su (蘇 or 苏) in its name is a contraction of the old name Gusu. It refers to "Satisfied place" in the Old Yue language. The zhou 州 originally meant something like a province or county (cf. Guizhou), but often came to be used metonymously for the capital of such a region (cf. Guangzhou, Hangzhou, etc.).[20] Suzhou is the Hanyu Pinyin spelling of the Putonghua pronunciation of the name. Prior to the adoption of pinyin, it was variously romanized as Soo-chow, Suchow, or Su-chow.[21][22]

## History

[edit]

Suzhou, the cradle of Wu culture,[23][24] is one of the oldest towns in the Yangtze Basin. By the Spring and Autumn period of the Zhou, local Baiyue tribes named the Gou Wu are recorded living in the area which would become the modern city of Suzhou. These tribes formed villages on the edges of the hills above the wetlands surrounding Lake Tai.

Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian records traditional accounts that the Zhou lord Taibo established the state of Wu at nearby Wuxi during the 11th century BC, civilizing the local people and improving their agriculture and mastery of irrigation. The Wu court later moved to Gusu within the area of modern Suzhou. In 514 BC,[25] King Helü of Wu relocated his court nearby and called the settlement Helü City after himself. His minister Wu Zixu was closely involved with its planning and it was this site that grew into present-day Suzhou. The height of his tower on Gusu Hill (Gusutai) passed into Chinese legend. In 496 BC, King Helü was buried at Tiger Hill. In 473 BC, Wu was defeated and annexed by Yue, a kingdom to its southeast; Yue was annexed in turn by Chu in 306 BC. Remnants of the ancient kingdom include pieces of its 2,500-year-old city wall and the gate through it at Pan Gate.

The city was originally laid out according to a symbolic three-by-three grid of nine squares, with the royal palace occupying the central position.[26]

During the Warring States period, Suzhou was the seat of Wu County (吳縣, Wú xiàn) and Commandery (吳郡, Wú jùn). Following the Qin Empire's conquest of the area in 222 BC, it was made the capital of Kuaiji Commandery, including lands stretching from the south bank of the Yangtze to the unconquered interior of Minyue in southern Zhejiang. Amid the collapse of the Qin, Kuaiji's governor Yin Tong attempted to organize his own rebellion only to be betrayed and executed by Xiang Liang and his nephew Xiang Yu, who launched their own rebellion from the city.

Aerial panorama of Suzhou in 2023 and the Grand Canal that runs through it

When the Grand Canal was completed, Suzhou found itself strategically located on a major trade route.[21] Suzhou served as the regional metropolis of industry and foreign commerce on the southeastern coast of China. During the Tang dynasty, the great poet Bai Juyi constructed the Shantang Canal (better known as "Shantang Street") to connect the city with Tiger Hill for tourists. In AD 1035, the Suzhou Confucian Temple was founded by famed poet and writer Fan Zhongyan. It became a venue for the imperial civil examinations and then developed into the modern Suzhou High School in the 1910s.

"Sou-tcheou-foo" & other towns of "Kiang-nan" in Du Halde's 1736 Description of China, based on accounts by Jesuit missionaries

After February 1130, riots and unrest disrupted Suzhou.[27]

After 1229, Suzhou became a commercial center.[28]: 85 In 1356, Suzhou became the capital of Zhang Shicheng, King of Wu. In 1367, Zhang's rival Zhu Yuanzhang took the city after a 10-month siege. Zhu – who was soon to proclaim himself the first emperor of the Ming dynasty – demolished the old city walls at the center of Suzhou's walled city and imposed crushing taxes on the city and prefecture's powerful families.[29] Despite the heavy taxation and the forced exile of some prominent citizens' south, Suzhou was soon prosperous again. During the early Ming, Suzhou Prefecture supervised the Yangtze shoals which later became Shanghai's Chongming Island.[30] For centuries the city, with its surroundings as an economic base, represented an extraordinary source of tax revenue.[31]

When the shipwrecked Korean official Choe Bu had a chance to see much of Eastern China from Zhejiang to Liaoning on his way home in 1488, he described Suzhou in his travel report as exceeding every other city.[32] Under the Ming, Suzhou was a prosperous center of the Nanzhili area controlled by the secondary capital at Nanjing; scholar-officials constructed the area's most famous private gardens during this period in a "Jiangnan style" copied at the time by Shanghai's Yu Garden and later by parts of the empress dowager Cixi's Summer Palace.

After the Qing occupied the area in 1644 and 1645, it was reorganized as Jiangnan Province, whose "Right" Governor controlled its eastern prefectures from Suzhou until the division of Jiangnan into the separate provinces of Jiangsu and Anhui at some point during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. The Taipings captured the city in 1860. Many of its former buildings and gardens were "almost... a heap of ruins"[21] by the time of their recovery by Charles Gordon's Ever-Victorious Army in November 1863.[22] Nonetheless, by 1880, its population was estimated to have recovered to about 500,000,[21] which remained stable for the next few decades.[22] In the late 19th century, the town was particularly known for its wide range of silks and its Chinese-language publishing industry.[21] The town was first opened to direct foreign trades by the Treaty of Shimonoseki ending the First Sino-Japanese War[22] and by the most favored nation clauses of earlier unequal treaties with the Great Powers. The new expatriates opened a European-and-Chinese school in 1900 and the Suzhou railway station, connecting it with Shanghai, opened[22] on 16 July 1906. Just prior to World War I, there were 7000 silk looms in operation, as well as a cotton mill and a large trade in rice.[22]

Excerpt from Prosperous Suzhou by Xu Yang, small section of a 1225 cm (482 in) panoramic painting of the city in 1759

As late as the early 20th century, much of the city consisted of islands connected by rivers, creeks, and canals to the surrounding countryside.[22] Prior to their demolition, the city walls ran in a circuit of about 10 miles (16 km) with four large suburbs lying outside.[22] The Japanese invaded in 1937, and many gardens were again devastated by the end of the war. In the early 1950s, restoration was done on the Humble Administrator's Garden and the Lingering Garden.

## Administrative divisions

[edit]

See also: List of administrative divisions of Jiangsu

Suzhou is a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu Province, administratively divided into six urban districts and four county-level cities. The city’s urban core, Gusu District, is historically known as the "Old Town" and preserves Suzhou’s iconic canals, classical gardens, and cultural heritage. Established in 2016 through the merger of three former districts (Canglang, Pingjiang, and Jinchang), Gusu remains the political and cultural heart of the city.

To the east of Gusu lies Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP), a nationally designated economic zone established in 1994 through a landmark China-Singapore partnership.[33] To the west, the Suzhou High-Tech District serves as a hub for technology and innovation, founded in 1992.

The city’s administrative structure expanded significantly in the 21st century: In 2000, the former Wu County was abolished and split into Xiangcheng District (north) and Wuzhong District (south). In 2012, Wujiang City, a former county-level city, was incorporated as Wujiang District, strengthening Suzhou’s governance over Taihu Lake’s eastern shores.[34]

Suzhou’s economic prosperity is bolstered by its integrated network of county-level cities, which operate with significant autonomy under the prefecture-level administration. These include: Kunshan: A global manufacturing powerhouse and home to China’s first county-level economy to exceed RMB 500 billion GDP (2022).[35] Taicang: A major port and hub for over 500 German-invested industries.[36] Changshu: Known for textiles, machinery, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site (Mount Yushan).[37] Zhangjiagang: A leading ecological city and river port on the Yangtze.

Together, Suzhou’s districts and county-level cities form one of China’s most economically dynamic regions, hosting over 16,000 high-tech enterprises (as of 2023) and contributing to around 20% of Jiangsu Province’s GDP.[38]

Map

Huqiu

Wuzhong

Xiangcheng

Gusu

Wujiang

Changshu
(city)

Zhangjiagang
(city)

Kunshan
(city)

Taicang
(city)

Suzhou
Industrial Park

Lake Tai

Subdivision  | Simplified Chinese  | Hanyu Pinyin  | Population (2020)[39] | Area (km2) | Density (/km2)
City Proper
Gusu District | 姑苏区 | Gūsū Qū | 2,058,010  | 372  | 5,532.28
Suburban
Huqiu District | 虎丘区 | Hǔqiū Qū | 832,499  | 258  | 3,226.74
Wuzhong District | 吴中区 | Wúzhōng Qū | 1,388,972  | 672  | 2,066.92
Xiangcheng District | 相城区 | Xiāngchéng Qū | 891,055  | 416  | 2,141.95
Wujiang District | 吴江区 | Wújiāng Qū | 1,545,023  | 1,093  | 1,413.56
Satellite cities (County-level cities)
Changshu City | 常熟市 | Chángshú Shì | 1,677,050  | 1,094  | 1,532.95
Taicang City | 太仓市 | Tàicāng Shì | 831,113  | 620  | 1,340.50
Kunshan City | 昆山市 | Kūnshān Shì | 2,092,496  | 865  | 2,419.07
Zhangjiagang City | 张家港市 | Zhāngjiāgǎng Shì | 1,432,044  | 772  | 1,854.97
Total | 12,748,252 | 8,488 | 1,501.84
Not formal administrative subdivisions – Suzhou Industrial Park & Suzhou New District
Defunct districts – Canglang District, Pingjiang District, & Jinchang District

## Geography

[edit]

Suzhou (coordinates: 31°18′6.1″N 120°34′51.9″E)[40] is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Jiangsu Province, China, situated within the Yangtze River Delta—one of the world’s most economically dynamic regions. The city lies on the Lake Tai Plain, a fertile alluvial basin bordered by Lake Tai (Taihu) to tflrhe southwest, China’s third-largest freshwater lake (2,578 km²),[41] and the Yangtze Riverto the north. Suzhou covers a total area of 8,657.32 square kilometers.[42] The terrain is predominantly low-lying and flat, crossed by numerous rivers and lakes. The majority of Lake Tai (Taihu)’s surface area lies within Suzhou’s boundaries. Rivers, lakes, and mudflats collectively account for 36.6% of the city’s total land area,[43] solidifying its reputation as a Jiangnan water town (a region south of the Yangtze River renowned for its aquatic landscapes).

### Location and Connectivity

[edit]

Proximity to Major Cities:

Shanghai: 100 km (62 mi) to the southeast (~30 minutes by high-speed rail).

Nanjing: 200 km (124 mi) to the northwest (~1 hour by high-speed rail).

### Topography

[edit]

Suzhou features low-lying and flat terrain, with plains accounting for 53.7% of its total area.[44] The city belongs to two first-level natural geographic regions: the Yangtze River Delta Plain and the Taihu Lake Plain, which are further divided into four second-level natural zones: Yangtze River Coastal Plain and Sandbar Area, Suxi (Suzhou-Wuxi) Plain Area, Taihu Lake and Lakeside Hilly Area, and Yangcheng-Dianmao Lowland Area.

The landform is characterized by gentle plains. Suzhou’s terrain is uniformly low-lying, sloping gradually from west to east. The elevation of its plains ranges between 3–4 meters, while areas around Yangcheng Lake and Wujiang drop to approximately 2 meters.

Low mountains and hills are scattered sporadically, typically reaching heights of 100–350 meters, concentrated in the western mountainous regions and Taihu Lake islands. Notable peaks include: Qionglong Mountain (342 meters, the highest), Nanyang Mountain (338 meters), Misty Peak of West Dongting Mountain (336 meters), Moli Peak of East Dongting Mountain (293 meters), Qizi Mountain (294 meters), Tianping Mountain (201 meters), Lingyan Mountain (182 meters), Yuyang Mountain (171 meters), Yushan Mountain (262 meters), Tan Mountain (252 meters).[45]

### Hydrology

[edit]

The ancient city of Suzhou is renowned for its intricate network of rivers, canals, and densely clustered lakes. Notable water bodies include Taihu Lake (太湖) and Caohu Lake (漕湖) in the west; Dianshan Lake (淀山湖) and Chenghu Lake (澄湖) in the east; Kuncheng Lake (昆承湖) in the north; and Yangcheng Lake (阳澄湖), Jinji Lake (金鸡湖), and Dushu Lake (独墅湖) in the central region. The Yangtze River and the Grand Canal traverse the city’s northern area. Water from Taihu Lake flows northward into the Yangtze River and eastward through the Dianmao wetlands (淀泖地区) into the Huangpu River, while the Grand Canal enters from the west at Wangting (望亭) and exits southward at Shengze (盛泽). Historically, the "Three Rivers" (三江) drained directly to the sea, but today their waters merge into the Huangpu River, forming Suzhou’s three major hydrological systems. Crisscrossed by countless waterways, Suzhou is celebrated as the “Water Capital”, “Aquatic City”, and “Jiangnan Water Town”, famously dubbed the “Venice of the East” in the 13th-century The Travels of Marco Polo.[44][28]: 85

### Climate

[edit]

Suzhou has a four-season humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers and cool, cloudy, damp winters with occasional snowfall (Köppen climate classification Cfa). Northwesterly winds blowing from Siberia during winter can cause temperatures to fall below freezing at night, while southerly or southwesterly winds during the summer can push temperatures above 35 °C (95 °F). The hottest temperature recorded since 1951 at Wuzhong District was at 41.0 °C (106 °F) on 7 August 2013,[46][47][48][49] and the lowest at −9.8 °C (14 °F) on 16 January 1958, though an unofficial record low of −12 °C (10 °F) was recorded on 10 January 1933.[50][51]

Climate data for Suzhou (Wujiang District), elevation 5 m (16 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1957–present)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 21.4
(70.5)  | 27.2
(81.0)  | 33.3
(91.9)  | 33.6
(92.5)  | 37.4
(99.3)  | 37.5
(99.5)  | 40.8
(105.4)  | 40.7
(105.3)  | 36.8
(98.2)  | 37.2
(99.0)  | 30.4
(86.7)  | 23.9
(75.0)  | 40.8
(105.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 8.0
(46.4)  | 10.4
(50.7)  | 14.8
(58.6)  | 20.9
(69.6)  | 25.9
(78.6)  | 28.5
(83.3)  | 32.8
(91.0)  | 32.4
(90.3)  | 28.3
(82.9)  | 23.2
(73.8)  | 17.3
(63.1)  | 10.8
(51.4)  | 21.1
(70.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 4.3
(39.7)  | 6.3
(43.3)  | 10.4
(50.7)  | 16.0
(60.8)  | 21.3
(70.3)  | 24.7
(76.5)  | 28.9
(84.0)  | 28.6
(83.5)  | 24.5
(76.1)  | 19.1
(66.4)  | 13.1
(55.6)  | 6.7
(44.1)  | 17.0
(62.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | 1.5
(34.7)  | 3.2
(37.8)  | 6.9
(44.4)  | 12.2
(54.0)  | 17.5
(63.5)  | 21.8
(71.2)  | 25.9
(78.6)  | 25.8
(78.4)  | 21.5
(70.7)  | 15.7
(60.3)  | 9.6
(49.3)  | 3.5
(38.3)  | 13.8
(56.8)
Record low °C (°F)  | −9.8
(14.4)  | −9.6
(14.7)  | −5.1
(22.8)  | −1.2
(29.8)  | 6.6
(43.9)  | 12.0
(53.6)  | 16.2
(61.2)  | 18.6
(65.5)  | 10.8
(51.4)  | 2.3
(36.1)  | −4.2
(24.4)  | −9.0
(15.8)  | −9.8
(14.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 74.5
(2.93)  | 67.1
(2.64)  | 97.3
(3.83)  | 82.2
(3.24)  | 103.6
(4.08)  | 212.3
(8.36)  | 155.9
(6.14)  | 141.3
(5.56)  | 96.7
(3.81)  | 67.9
(2.67)  | 55.4
(2.18)  | 46.0
(1.81)  | 1,200.2
(47.25)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 10.8  | 10.3  | 13.0  | 11.3  | 11.6  | 14.1  | 11.6  | 12.0  | 8.6  | 7.2  | 8.9  | 8.1  | 127.5
Average snowy days  | 3.0  | 1.7  | 0.6  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0.2  | 0.8  | 6.3
Average relative humidity (%)  | 76  | 75  | 74  | 72  | 73  | 80  | 78  | 79  | 78  | 75  | 76  | 74  | 76
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 116.5  | 119.7  | 140.9  | 167.1  | 177.2  | 132.8  | 209.9  | 210.4  | 170.5  | 165.7  | 135.5  | 132.3  | 1,878.5
Percentage possible sunshine | 36  | 38  | 38  | 43  | 42  | 31  | 49  | 52  | 46  | 47  | 43  | 42  | 42
Source: China Meteorological Administration[52][53]

Climate data for Suzhou (Wuzhong District), elevation 8 m (26 ft), (1991–2020 normals)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 8.1
(46.6)  | 10.4
(50.7)  | 15.2
(59.4)  | 21.1
(70.0)  | 26.1
(79.0)  | 28.7
(83.7)  | 33.0
(91.4)  | 32.6
(90.7)  | 28.4
(83.1)  | 23.4
(74.1)  | 17.4
(63.3)  | 10.8
(51.4)  | 21.3
(70.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 4.5
(40.1)  | 6.4
(43.5)  | 10.7
(51.3)  | 16.3
(61.3)  | 21.5
(70.7)  | 24.9
(76.8)  | 29.1
(84.4)  | 28.8
(83.8)  | 24.7
(76.5)  | 19.5
(67.1)  | 13.4
(56.1)  | 7.0
(44.6)  | 17.2
(63.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | 1.8
(35.2)  | 3.4
(38.1)  | 7.2
(45.0)  | 12.5
(54.5)  | 17.9
(64.2)  | 22.0
(71.6)  | 26.1
(79.0)  | 26.0
(78.8)  | 21.9
(71.4)  | 16.3
(61.3)  | 10.2
(50.4)  | 4.0
(39.2)  | 14.1
(57.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 74.8
(2.94)  | 67.0
(2.64)  | 87.3
(3.44)  | 82.8
(3.26)  | 104.1
(4.10)  | 211.1
(8.31)  | 156.1
(6.15)  | 155.6
(6.13)  | 104.3
(4.11)  | 69.1
(2.72)  | 63.9
(2.52)  | 48.6
(1.91)  | 1,224.7
(48.23)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 10.6  | 10.2  | 12.3  | 11.3  | 11.0  | 13.9  | 12.0  | 12.8  | 8.6  | 7.5  | 8.8  | 7.8  | 126.8
Average snowy days  | 2.7  | 1.9  | 0.4  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0.2  | 0.8  | 6
Average relative humidity (%)  | 73  | 73  | 71  | 69  | 70  | 78  | 76  | 77  | 75  | 72  | 73  | 70  | 73
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 108.8  | 111.5  | 139.0  | 162.0  | 166.1  | 120.5  | 192.4  | 190.4  | 154.5  | 147.3  | 127.7  | 127.2  | 1,747.4
Percentage possible sunshine | 34  | 36  | 37  | 42  | 39  | 29  | 45  | 47  | 42  | 42  | 41  | 41  | 40
Source: China Meteorological Administration[52][54]

## Cityscape and environment

[edit]

* Lingering Garden

* Couple's Retreat Garden

* Changmen at night

* Xuanmiao Temple

* The Humble Administrator's Garden

* Lion Grove Garden

* An entrance to the Youyicun Garden

* Beisi Pagoda

* Ruiguang Pagoda

### Classical Gardens of Suzhou

[edit]

Main article: Classical Gardens of Suzhou

Suzhou is famous for its over 60 Classical Gardens, collectively a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city has the most UNESCO-recognized gardens in the world.[55]

The Humble Administrator's Garden and Lingering Garden are among the four most famous classical gardens in China. The Canglang Pavilion, Lion Grove Garden, Humble Administrator's Garden and Lingering Garden, respectively representing the garden styles of traditional architecture are called the four most famous gardens in Suzhou. Other gardens inscribed on the World Heritage List include the Couple's Retreat Garden, the Garden of Cultivation, and the Retreat and Reflection Garden. Five Peaks Garden which dates to the Ming dynasty (1522–1566) is also located in the Suzhou. Ming painter Wen Boren established his home on the site. The original name was Qiayin Shanfang and the garden is located at Changmin West Street.[56]

* v
* t
* e

Classical Gardens of Suzhou

This UNESCO World Heritage Site is inscribed as a single property, but composed of 9 separate gardens in Suzhou Prefecture

* Lingering Garden
* Garden of Cultivation
* Humble Administrator's Garden
* Master of the Nets Garden
* Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty
* Canglang Pavilion
* Lion Grove Garden
* Couple's Retreat Garden
* The Retreat & Reflection Garden

Category

### Temples

[edit]

* Hanshan Temple
* Xiyuan Temple
* Xuanmiao Temple
* Lingyanshan Temple
* Chongyuan Temple

### Canals and Historic Districts

[edit]

Main articles: Pingjiang Road and Shantang Street

Pingjiang Road

The Suzhou section of the Jiangnan Canal, Grand Canal (China), includes ten city gates and over 20 stone bridges of traditional design and historic areas that have been well preserved, as well as temples and pavilions. Xinshi Bridge is a bridge that has been built over this canal. [57][58] [59] There are a full 24 waterways in Suzhou near the Grand Canal.[60]

In 2015, both 800-year-old Pingjiang Road Historical Block (平江路) and 1,200-year-old Shantang Street Scenic Area (山塘街) were added to the list of China's "National Historic and Cultural Streets".[61][62]

Pingjiang Road runs parallel to the Pingjiang River for 1.5 kilometers and is lined with homes and some teahouses. Shantang Street, over twice as long at 3.8 km, is described by the BBC as retaining "the alluring qualities of an old canal-side street: whitewashed buildings are completed by red-tasseled lanterns that swing softly in the breeze, adding to the charm of the river bank".[60]

Shantang Street

Boat tours are offered on the waterways of this city that was dubbed the "Venice of the East" by Marco Polo because of its criss-crossing canals and stone bridges.[63][64] The Grand Canal (from Beijing to Zhejiang province) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

### Resorts and natural reserves

[edit]

Suzhou Taihu National Tourism and Vacation Zone (苏州太湖国家旅游度假区) is in the western part of Suzhou, 15 km (9 mi) from the city center.[65][66]

### Skyscrapers

[edit]

Main article: List of tallest buildings in Suzhou

Gate to the East is a 301.8-meter, 74-story skyscraper in Suzhou's central business district, built in 2015 at a cost of US$700 million and is currently the tallest building in Suzhou.[67]

Suzhou IFS is a 450-meter-tall (1,480 ft) building home to 95 floors near Gate to the East. You can see the tower from Huqiu, which is a special tourist attraction in Suzhou.

### Pan Gate

[edit]

Pan Gate

Pan Gate is on the southwest corner of the Main Canal or encircling canal of Suzhou. Originally built during the Warring States period in the state of Wu, historians estimate it to be around 2,500 years old. It is now part of the Pan Gate Scenic Area. It is known for the "three landmarks of Pan Gate". They are the Ruiguang Pagoda, the earliest pagoda in Suzhou built in 247 BC, the Wu Gate Bridge, the entrance to the gate at that time over the water passage and the highest bridge in Suzhou at the time, and the Pan Gate. The Ruigang Pagoda is constructed of brick with wooden platforms and has Buddhist carvings at its base.

### Baodai Bridge

[edit]

Baodai Bridge stretches across the Tantai Lake in the suburbs of Suzhou. To raise money to finance the bridge, the magistrate donated his expensive belt, hence the name. The bridge was first built in 806 A.D. in the Tang dynasty and has 53 arches with a length of 317 meters. It was made out of stone from Jinshan Mountain and is the longest standing bridge of its kind in China. The bridge was included on the list of national monuments (resolution 5–285) in 2001.

### Tiger Hill

[edit]

Tiger Hill is known for its natural environment and historical sites. The hill is so named because it is said to look like a crouching tiger. Another legend states that a white tiger appeared on the hill to guard it following the burial The hill has been a tourist destination for hundreds, if not thousands, of years, as is evident from the poetry and calligraphy carved into rocks on the hill. The Song dynasty poet, Su Shi said, "It is a lifelong pity if having visited Suzhou you did not visit Tiger Hill."

### Pagodas

[edit]

Yunyan Pagoda (or Huqiu Tower), built in 961, is a Chinese pagoda built on Tiger Hill in Suzhou. It has several other names, including the "Leaning Tower of China" (as referred to by historian O.G. Ingles)[68] and the Yunyan Temple Tower. The tower rises to a height of 47 m (154 ft). It is a seven-story octagonal building built with blue bricks. In more than a thousand years the tower has gradually slanted due to forces of nature. Now the top and bottom of the tower vary by 2.32 meters. The entire structure weighs some 7,000,000 kilograms (15,000,000 lb), supported by internal brick columns.[69] However, the tower leans roughly 3 degrees due to the cracking of two supporting columns.[69]

Beisi Pagoda or North Temple Pagoda is a Chinese pagoda at Bao'en Temple in Suzhou. It rises nine stories in a height of 76 m (249 ft). It is the tallest Chinese pagoda south of the Yangtze river.

Twin Pagodas (simplified Chinese: 苏州双塔; traditional Chinese: 蘇州雙塔) lie in the Dinghui Temple Lane in the southeastern corner of the city proper of Suzhou. They are artistic and natural as they are close at hand. One of them is called "Clarity-Dispensing Pagoda," and the other, the "Beneficence Pagoda"; they are in the same form of architecture. There are many legends about this one-thousand-year-old pagodas. It is charming that the exquisite and straight Twin Pagoda look like two inserted writing brushes. There was originally a single-story house with three rooms just like a writing brush holder with the shadows of the two pagodas reclining on its roof at sunset. To the east of the pagoda is a square five-story bell building built in the Ming dynasty which appears exactly like a thick ink stick. So there is a saying that "the Twin Pagodas are as writing brushes while the bell building as ink stick".

### Museums

[edit]

Suzhou Museum, designed by I. M. Pei, is one of the landmarks of Suzhou, combining traditional culture and modern design.

The city's major museums include the Suzhou Museum (designed by I. M. Pei), Suzhou Silk Museum, and the China Kunqu Museum.

### Hospitals

[edit]

As a result of its recent rapid population increase, healthcare demand in Suzhou is increasing rapidly. In July 2019, Washington University School of Medicine announced a collaboration with Huici Health Management Co., and the Xiangcheng District, to open the new Huici Medical Center, which will include a 1,000-bed hospital for adult and pediatric patients. Once the hospital is unveiled, Washington University doctors in St. Louis will be able to provide long-distance health-care services to patients in China through a telemedicine program.[70][71]

## Demographics

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2025)

|

The population of Suzhou is predominantly Han Chinese. The official language of broadcast, instruction, etc. is Mandarin Chinese, although many speak a local dialect known as Suzhounese, a member of the Wu language family. In addition to American and European expatriates, there is a large Korean community in Suzhou.[citation needed] The Industrial Bank of Korea (IBK) estimated that there were 15,000 Koreans in the municipality in 2014. That year 850 Korean companies operated in Suzhou, and the Koreans made up the largest number of students at the Suzhou Singapore International School.[72]

Population of Suzhou at the end of 2015[73] Region  | Total population
总户籍人口
(persons)  | Resident
population
常住人口
(10,000 persons)

|
|

Whole municipality | 6 670 124 | 1061.60
Urban area | 3 412 564 | 549.21
Gusu District | 734 362 | 95.20
Wuzhong District | 631 602 | 112.12
Xiangcheng District | 405 400 | 72.87
New & Hi-tech Zone, Huqiu District | 363 713 | 59.08
Industrial Park | 459 535 | 80.26
Wujiang District | 817 952 | 126.68
County-level cities | 3 257 560 | –
Changshu | 1 068 211 | 151.01
Zhangjiagang | 922 757 | 125.31
Kunshan | 787 031 | 165.12
Taicang | 479 561 | 70.95

## Economy

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2025)

|

Suzhou's economy is based primarily on its large manufacturing sector—China's first largest(from 2020)—including iron and steel, IT and electronic equipment, and textile products. The city's service sector is notably well-developed, primarily owing to tourism, which brought in a total of RMB 152 billion of revenue in 2013. Suzhou's overall GDP exceeded RMB 1.3 trillion in 2013 (up 9.6 percent from the year previous).[74]

The city is also one of China's foremost destinations for foreign investment, based on its relative proximity to Shanghai and comparatively low operating costs. The municipal government has enacted various measures to encourage FDI in a number of manufacturing (e.g. pharmaceutical, electronic goods, automobile) and service (e.g. banking, logistics, research services) sectors. Included among these measures is a preferential tax policy for limited partnership venture capital enterprises in the Suzhou Industrial Park.[74]

Suzhou is a highly developed economic region in China and is the economic centre, industrial, commercial and logistical hub city of Jiangsu province, as well as an important financial, cultural, artistic, educational and transportation centre.

### Agriculture

[edit]

In 2013, total grain production reached 1,311,200 tonnes, a decrease of 2.9%. Grain supply was effectively guaranteed through the vigorous construction of commodity grain production bases, wholesale grain markets and reserve systems.[75]

### Traditional handicrafts

[edit]

Suzhou has a long history of reeling silkworms and has always been an important base for silk production in China. Since the Song and Yuan dynasties, Suzhou has been one of the centres of silk weaving and dyeing in the country, and in the Ming dynasty, Suzhou silk was praised as the "clothing of the world".[76]

### Development zones

[edit]

Suzhou Industrial Park

#### Suzhou Industrial Park

[edit]

Main article: Suzhou Industrial Park

The Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP) is the largest cooperative project between the Chinese and the Singaporean government. It is beside Jinji Lake, which lies to the east of the Suzhou Old City. On 26 February 1994, Vice Premier Li Lanqing and Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew, representing China and Singapore respectively, signed an agreement to jointly develop Suzhou Industrial Park (originally called the Singapore Industrial Park). The project officially commenced on 12 May in the same year. SIP has a jurisdiction area of 288 km2 (111 sq mi), of which, the China-Singapore cooperation area covers 80 km2 (31 sq mi) with a planned residential population of 1.2 million.[77]

SIP is home to the Suzhou Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District, an area of universities and higher education institutions, including Soochow University and Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University. Suzhou Industrial Park is also a popular residential district for many foreigners who work and live in Suzhou, as well as 'new Suzhou' residents who migrate to the area in search of work opportunities.

View of the Gate to the East and Suzhou's Jinji Lake

#### Suzhou Industrial Park Export Processing Zone

[edit]

The Suzhou Industrial Park Export Processing Zone was approved to be established by the government in April 2000, with a planning area of 2.9 km2 (1.1 sq mi). It is in Suzhou Industrial Park set up by China and Singapore. Inside the Export Processing Zone, all the infrastructures are of high standard.[78]

#### Suzhou New District

[edit]

Main article: Suzhou New District

The Suzhou New District was established in 1990. In November 1992, the zone was approved to be the national-level hi-tech industrial zone. By the end of 2007, foreign-invested companies had a registered capital worth of US$13 billion, of which US$6.8 billion was paid in. SND hosts now more than 1,500 foreign companies. Some 40 Fortune 500 companies set up 67 projects in the district.[79]

## Sports

[edit]

The Suzhou Dongwu currently play in China League One, the second highest level of Chinese professional football competition. The 13,000 seat Suzhou Industrial Park Sports Arena was one of the venues for the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup.[80]

## Transportation

[edit]

Suzhou HSR New Town

### Railway

[edit]

Suzhou is on the Shanghai-Nanjing corridor which carries three parallel railways. Suzhou railway station, near the city center, is among the busiest passenger stations in China. It is served by the Beijing–Shanghai railway (mostly "conventional" trains to stations throughout China) and the Shanghai-Nanjing intercity railway (high-speed D- and G-series trains providing frequent service primarily between Shanghai and Nanjing). It takes only 25 minutes to reach Shanghai railway station on the fastest G-series trains and less than 1 hour to Nanjing.

The Suzhou North railway station, a few kilometers to the north, is on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway (opened 2011), served by high-speed trains to Beijing, Qingdao, etc.

Other stations on the Beijing–Shanghai railway and the Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway serve other points in the same corridor within Suzhou Prefecture-level city, such as Kunshan. In between Suzhou and Kunshan South railway station, Suzhou Industrial Park railway station is also an important station for people visiting and living in the areas.

The northern part of the prefectural area, including Zhangjiagang, Changshu and Taicang, were the last areas to be connected by rail; the Shanghai–Suzhou–Nantong railway reached there in 2020.[81]

### Highways

[edit]

The Nanjing-Shanghai Expressway connects Suzhou with Shanghai, alternatively, there is the Yangtze Riverine Expressway and the Suzhou-Jiaxing-Hangzhou Expressway. In 2005, the Suzhou Outer Ring was completed, linking the peripheral county-level cities of Taicang, Kunshan, and Changshu. China National Highway 312 also passes through Suzhou.

### Water transport

[edit]

Main article: Port of Suzhou

Port of Suzhou, on the right bank of the Yangtze River, dealt with 428 million tons of cargo and 5.86 million TEU containers in 2012, which made it the busiest inland river port in the world by annual cargo tonnage and container volume.[82][83]

### Metro

[edit]

Main article: Suzhou Metro

The Suzhou Metro currently has nine lines in operation and one line in construction. The masterplan consists of nine independent lines. Line 1 started operation on 28 April 2012, Line 2 started operation on 28 December 2013,[84] and Line 4 started operation in 2017. Line 5 began operation in June 2021, followed by Line 11 in June 2023, which connects to Line 11 of the Shanghai Metro. The 3 most recent lines all opened in 2024: Line 6 in June, Line 8 in September, and finally Line 7 in December.

### Tram

[edit]

Suzhou Tram's Longkang Road Station

Main article: Suzhou Tram

The Suzhou Tram system has two routes in the Suzhou New District.

### Bus

[edit]

Suzhou has public bus routes that run into all parts of the city. Fares are flat rated, usually 1 Yuan for a non-air-conditioned bus and 2 Yuan for an air-conditioned one.[citation needed] The Suzhou BRT, a 25-kilometer (16 mi)-long bus rapid transit system opened in 2008, operates 5 lines using elevated busways and bus-only lanes throughout the city.

## Culture

[edit]

The Yunyan Pagoda, or Huqiu Tower, a tower that is now leaning due to lack of foundational support (half soil, half rock), built during the latter part of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms era (907–960 AD) The "xi shi" stone bridge

* Opera: Kunqu originated in the Suzhou region, as does the much later Suzhou Opera. Ballad-singing, or Suzhou pingtan, is a local form of storytelling that mixes singing (accompanied by the pipa and sanxian) with portions in spoken dialect.
* Silk: throughout China's Imperial past, Suzhou silk has been associated with high-quality silk products, supplying silks to ancient royal families. By the 13th century, Suzhou was already the center of the profitable silk trade.
* Song brocade: Suzhou Song-style brocade is one of China's three famous brocades, together with Nanjing Yun brocade and Sichuan Shu brocade.[85] This Song-style brocade, made of silk, has a thin yet strong material with flashy colors, exquisite patterns, and soft texture.[86] Suzhou's brocade production can be traced back to the Five Dynasties. It prospered in the Song dynasty. After the government moved the capital southward, the country's political and cultural center moved to the Yangtze River area.
* Cuisine: Suzhou cuisine (苏帮菜), which is part of Jiangsu cuisine, including Yangcheng Lake large crab, Squirrel fish, etc.[87]
* Handicrafts: Suzhou embroidery, fans, Chinese musical instruments, scroll mounting, lanterns, mahogany furniture, jade carving, silk tapestry, traditional painting pigments of Jiangenxutang Studio, the New Year's wood-block prints of Taohuawu Studio.
* Paintings
* Calligraphic art
* Suzhou Silk Hand Embroidery Art
* Suzhou is the original place of "Jasmine", a song sung by Chinese singers or actresses thousands of times on the occasions of almost every important meetings or celebrations. Jasmine is the symbol of Suzhou as well as Tai Hu Lake.
* Suzhou Gardens: Gardens in Suzhou have an ancient history. The first garden in Suzhou belonged to the emperor of Wu State in Spring and Autumn period (600 BC). More than 200 gardens existed in Suzhou between the 16th and 18th centuries. Gardens in Suzhou were built according to the style of Chinese paintings. Every view in a garden can be seen as a piece of Chinese painting and the whole garden is a huge piece of Chinese paintings. At present, the Humble Administrator's Garden, built in 16th, is the largest private garden in Suzhou. It belonged to by Wang Xianchen, an imperial censor.[citation needed]
* Suzhou embroidery together with embroidery of Hunan, Sichuan and Guangdong are called as the "Four Famous Embroideries". Suzhou tapestry method is done in fine silks and gold thread. Other art forms found in this area are sculpture, Song brocade, jade and rosewood carving. Suzhou embroidery, acknowledged as a cultural heritage, has involved many cultural practitioners in advancing technology and skills with ICH-resources to better engage in economic pursuits.[88]
* The Suzhou Museum has a rich collection of relics from many eras. The collection includes revolutionary records, stele carving, folk customs, drama and verse, Suzhou embroidery, silk cloth, gardens, coins and Buddhist artifacts.[89]
* Wedding gowns[90]

## Notable people

[edit]

Main article: List of people from Suzhou

Lu Xun (陆逊) (183–245) military general and politician of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era, most famous for his defeat of Liu Bei in the Battle of Xiaoting.

Feng Menglong (冯梦龙) (1574–1645) famous vernacular writer and poet of the late Ming dynasty.

Tang Yin (唐寅) (1470–1524) one of the most renowned painter in China history, calligrapher, and poet of the Ming dynasty, better known by his courtesy name Tang Bohu (Chinese: 唐伯虎)[91]

Wen Zhengming (文徵明) (1470–1559) painter and poet of the Ming dynasty, the founder of Wu School (Chinese: 吴门画派), one of Four Masters of the Ming Dynasty

Weng Tonghe (翁同龢) (1830–1904) Chinese Confucian scholar and imperial tutor of the Tongzhi and Guangxu emperors in the late Qing dynasty, who is one of the most obdurate old guard defending the traditional Confucianism practices while being stubbornly against reform efforts to westernise the country.[92]

I. M. Pei (贝聿铭) (1917–2019) One of the best architects in China history, being recognised as the 'last master of high modernist architecture',[93] famous for his design of Louvre Pyramid, Hong Kong Bank of China tower, Singapore OCBC Centre, East Building of National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., Germany Historical Museum, etc.[94]

Cheng Kaijia (程开甲) (1918–2018) A nuclear physicist and engineer. One of the key figure in China's nuclear weapons development and a founding father of the Two Bombs, One Satellite project.

Tsung-Dao Lee (李政道) (1926–2024) Physicist, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957 at the age of 30, for his work on the violation of the parity law in weak interactions.[95]

Meng Jianzhu (孟建柱) (1947–) Politician, former member of the Politburo and Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission

## Education

[edit]

Suzhou is listed as the #42 cities by scientific output according to the Nature Index 2024.[13]

### Universities and colleges

[edit]

Soochow University Duke Kunshan University

* Changshu Institute of Technology
* Duke Kunshan University
* KEDGE Business School
* Jiangnan Social University
* Jiangsu University Zhangjiagang Campus
* Renmin University of China Suzhou Campus
* Skema Business School – Chinese campus of the French business school
* Soochow University
* Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture
* Suzhou University of Science and Technology
* Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University
* Suzhou City University

#### Under construction

[edit]

* Nanjing University Suzhou Campus
* Northwestern Polytechnical University Taicang Campus

### High schools

[edit]

* Changshu High School
* Dulwich College Suzhou
* Dulwich International High School Suzhou
* Kunshan Senior High School
* SIP Experimental Middle School [zh]
* Suzhou Experimental High School
* Suzhou High School
* Suzhou Singapore International School
* Suzhou No.1 High School [zh]
* Suzhou No.10 High School
* Suzhou Wuxian High School (苏州吴县中学)
* Taicang Senior High School
* United World College (UWC) Changshu China
* Zhenze Middle School
* Jiangsu Province Mudu senior High School

### Postgraduate institutions

[edit]

* Southeast University-Monash University Joint Graduate School
* Suzhou Dushu Lake Higher Education Town (National University of Singapore and Fudan Joint Graduate School, Nanjing University Graduate School, etc.)

### Others

[edit]

* Japanese School of Suzhou
* Overseas Chinese Academy Chiway Suzhou (苏州工业园区海归人才子女学校)[96]

## See also

[edit]

* China portal

* List of twin towns and sister cities in China
* Port of Suzhou

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^

* /suːˈdʒoʊ/;[5] Chinese: 苏州; pinyin: Sūzhōu; Suzhounese: sou¹ tseu¹ [səu˦ tsøʏ˦], Mandarin: [sú.ʈʂóʊ]
* previously romanized as Soochow

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[edit]

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3. ^ Calculated using data from Suzhou Statistics Bureau. Life Expectancy Index = 0.9672, Education Index = 0.8244, Income Index = 0.868. Refs:
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67. ^ "$700 million skyscraper 'resembles a pair of pants'". Archived from the original on 31 May 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
68. ^ Ingles (1982), 144.[citation needed]
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71. ^ "School of Medicine forms collaboration with medical center in China". Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. 1 July 2019. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
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87. ^ "苏州! 这有一篇苏帮菜盘点，看完保证流口水 – 马蜂窝". www.mafengwo.cn. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
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89. ^ "Suzhou Museum". Archived from the original on 28 April 2009.
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91. ^ "The tale of Tang Bohu, the Ming dynasty tiger who was a poet and a painter". South China Morning Post. 10 February 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
92. ^ A Mosaic of the Hundred Days: Personalities, Politics and Ideas of 1898 (Harvard University Study Center, 1984), pgs. 51 & 52
93. ^ "Architect I.M. Pei Dead At 102". HuffPost. 16 May 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
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### Works cited

[edit]

* Baynes, T. S.; Smith, W. R., eds. (1887), "Su-chow" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 22 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 617.
* Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Su-chow" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 26 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 7.
* Xu, Yinong (2000). The Chinese City in Space and Time: The Development of Urban Form in Suzhou. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824820763.

## External sources

[edit]

* Economic profile for Suzhou at HKTDC[dead link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Suzhou.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Suzhou.

* Official Resource Archived 11 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine for English-speaking travelers
* Official website for Suzhou's municipal government
* Suzhou city guide with open directory (Jiangsu Network)
* Geographic data related to Suzhou at OpenStreetMap

* v
* t
* e

Jiangsu topics

Nanjing (capital)

General|

* History
* Politics
* Economy

Geography|

* Cities
* Grand Canal of China
* Yellow Sea
* East China Sea
* Xishan Island
* Yangtze River
* Lake Tai
* Hongze Lake
* Yangcheng Lake
* Huai River
* Qixia Mountain

Education|

* Nanjing University
* Jiangsu University
* Southeast University
* Hohai University
* Nanjing Normal University
* Nanjing University of Science and Technology
* Yangzhou University

Culture|

* Wuyue culture
* Shuochang
* Cuisine
* Suzhou opera
* Geyuan (Yangzhou garden)

Visitor attractions|

* Purple Mountain
* Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
* Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum
* Jiming Temple
* Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge
* Hanshan Temple
* Huqiu Tower
* Grand Buddha at Ling Shan
* Chaotian Palace
* Qixia Temple
* Tianning Temple Pagoda
* Zhouzhuang

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

County-level divisions of Jiangsu Province

Nanjing (capital)

Sub-provincial city|

| Nanjing|

* Xuanwu District
* Qinhuai District
* Jianye District
* Gulou District
* Pukou District
* Luhe District
* Qixia District
* Yuhuatai District
* Jiangning District
* Lishui District
* Gaochun District

|

Prefecture-level cities|

| Wuxi|

* Binhu District
* Huishan District
* Xishan District
* Liangxi District
* Xinwu District
* Jiangyin City
* Yixing City

|

Xuzhou|

* Yunlong District
* Gulou District
* Jiawang District
* Tongshan District
* Quanshan District
* Pizhou City
* Xinyi City
* Suining County
* Pei County
* Feng County

Changzhou|

* Zhonglou District
* Tianning District
* Xinbei District
* Wujin District
* Jintan District
* Liyang City

Suzhou|

* Gusu District
* Huqiu District
* Wuzhong District
* Xiangcheng District
* Wujiang District
* Kunshan City
* Taicang City
* Changshu City
* Zhangjiagang City

Nantong|

* Chongchuan District
* Tongzhou District
* Haimen District
* Qidong City
* Rugao City
* Hai'an City
* Rudong County

Lianyungang|

* Haizhou District
* Lianyun District
* Ganyu District
* Guanyun County
* Donghai County
* Guannan County

Huai'an|

* Qingjiangpu District
* Huai'an District
* Huaiyin District
* Hongze District
* Jinhu County
* Xuyi County
* Lianshui County

Yancheng|

* Tinghu District
* Yandu District
* Dafeng District
* Dongtai City
* Sheyang County
* Funing County
* Binhai County
* Xiangshui County
* Jianhu County

Yangzhou|

* Guangling District
* Hanjiang District
* Jiangdu District
* Yizheng City
* Gaoyou City
* Baoying County

Zhenjiang|

* Jingkou District
* Runzhou District
* Dantu District
* Yangzhong City
* Danyang City
* Jurong City

Taizhou|

* Hailing District
* Gaogang District
* Jiangyan District
* Jingjiang City
* Taixing City
* Xinghua City

Suqian|

* Sucheng District
* Suyu District
* Shuyang County
* Siyang County
* Sihong County

* v
* t
* e

Suzhou

Administrative divisions|

* Gusu District
* Huqiu District
* Wuzhong District
* Xiangcheng District
* Wujiang District
* Kunshan City
* Taicang City
* Changshu City
* Zhangjiagang City

Attraction|

* Dushu Lake
* Jincang Lake
* Jinji Lake
* Lake Shi
* Lake Tai
* Yangcheng Lake
* Lingyan Mountain
* Qionglong Mountain
* Shangfang Mountain
* Tianping Mountain
* Yushan
* Baosheng Temple
* Luzhi
* Mudu
* Pan Gate
* Pingjiang Road
* Qiandeng
* St. John's Church, Suzhou
* Shantang Street
* Suzhou City Wall
* Suzhou Zoo
* Tongli
* Xiangshan, Zhangjiagang
* Xingfu Temple
* Zhouzhuang

Culture|

* Suzhou Arts and Crafts Museum
* Suzhou Confucian Temple
* Suzhou Museum
* Suzhou Museum of Opera and Theatre
* Suzhou Silk Museum
* Chongyuan Temple

Food|

* Su-style noodles
* Wonton

Education|

* Changshu Institute of Technology
* Duke Kunshan University
* Jiangnan Social University
* Soochow University
* Southeast University–Monash University Joint Graduate School
* Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture
* Suzhou University of Science and Technology
* Xi'an Jiaotong–Liverpool University
* Suzhou Dushu Lake Higher Education Town

Transportation|

* Suzhou Metro
* Port of Suzhou
* Suzhou railway station
* Suzhou Xinqu railway station
* Kunshan railway station
* Suzhou Industrial Park railway station
* Suzhou BRT
* Suzhou Guangfu Airport
* Suzhou Tram
* Suzhou–Jiaxing railway
* Suzhoutong
* Wuxi Shuofang Airport
* Precious Belt Bridge
* Puji Bridge
* Sutong Yangtze River Bridge
* Taihu Bridge
* Xinshi Bridge

Sport|

* Kunshan Sports Centre Stadium
* Suzhou Industrial Park Sports Center
* Suzhou Olympic Sports Centre
* Suzhou Sports Center
* Wusa Road Stadium
* Suzhou Ladies Open
* Suzhou Dongwu F.C.
* Jiangsu Football City League

Science|

* Suzhou Industrial Park
* Suzhou Creek
* Suzhou HSR New Town
* Suzhou Lakeside New City
* Dongling Vibration
* Ecovacs Robotics
* Hejian Technology Corporation
* Hengli Group
* Hengtong
* Higer Bus
* Lemote
* Longrich
* Mudan Auto
* Positec
* Shagang Group
* Suzhou Oriental Semiconductor
* Suzhou Synta Optical Technology
* Titan Wind Energy

Business|

* Suzhou International Expo Center
* Suzhou Ferris Wheel
* Harmony Times Square
* Suzhou Center Mall
* Suzhou IFS
* Suzhou Xindi Center
* Suzhou Zhongnan Center

* v
* t
* e

Prefecture-level divisions of China

Notes: *Provincial capitals, ★Sub-provincial cities, ☆Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture *Sub prefectural-level divisions, ✧"Comparatively larger city [zh]" (较大的市) as approved by the State Council

| Provinces|

| Anhui|

* *Hefei
* Wuhu
* Bengbu
* Huainan
* Ma'anshan
* Huaibei
* Tongling
* Anqing
* Huangshan
* Chuzhou
* Fuyang
* Suzhou
* Lu'an
* Bozhou
* Chizhou
* Xuancheng

|

Fujian|

* *Fuzhou
* ★Xiamen
* Putian
* Sanming
* Quanzhou
* Zhangzhou
* Nanping
* Longyan
* Ningde

Gansu|

* *Lanzhou
* Jiayuguan
* Jinchang
* Baiyin
* Tianshui
* Wuwei
* Zhangye
* Pingliang
* Jiuquan
* Qingyang
* Dingxi
* Longnan
* Linxia (Hui)
* Gannan (Tibetan)

Guangdong|

* *★Guangzhou
* ★Shenzhen
* Shaoguan
* Zhuhai
* Shantou
* Foshan
* Jiangmen
* Zhanjiang
* Maoming
* Zhaoqing
* Huizhou
* Meizhou
* Yangjiang
* Shanwei
* Heyuan
* Qingyuan
* Dongguan
* Zhongshan
* Jieyang
* Yunfu

Guizhou|

* *Guiyang
* Liupanshui
* Zunyi
* Anshun
* Bijie
* Tongren
* Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)
* Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)
* Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)

Hainan|

* *Haikou
* Sanya
* Danzhou
* Sansha
* *Wuzhishan
* *Qionghai
* *Wenchang
* *Wanning
* *Dongfang
* *Ding'an County
* *Tunchang County
* *Chengmai County
* *Lingao County
* *Baisha County (Li)
* *Changjiang County (Li)
* *Ledong County (Li)
* *Lingshui County (Li)
* *Baoting County (Li and Miao)
* *Qiongzhong County (Li and Miao)

Hebei|

* *Shijiazhuang
* ✧Tangshan
* Qinhuangdao
* Handan
* Xingtai
* Baoding
* Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"
* Chengde
* Cangzhou
* Langfang
* Hengshui

Henan|

* *Zhengzhou
* Kaifeng
* Luoyang
* Pingdingshan
* Anyang
* Hebi
* Xinxiang
* Jiaozuo
* Puyang
* Xuchang
* Luohe
* Sanmenxia
* Nanyang
* Shangqiu
* Xinyang
* Zhoukou
* Zhumadian
* *Jiyuan

Hubei|

* *★Wuhan
* Huangshi
* Shiyan
* Yichang
* Xiangyang
* Ezhou
* Jingmen
* Xiaogan
* Jingzhou
* Huanggang
* Xianning
* Suizhou
* Enshi (Tujia and Miao)
* *Xiantao
* *Qianjiang
* *Tianmen
* *Shennongjia Forestry District

Heilongjiang|

* *★Harbin
* Qiqihar
* Jixi
* Hegang
* Shuangyashan
* Daqing
* Yichun
* Jiamusi
* Qitaihe
* Mudanjiang
* Heihe
* Suihua
* Daxing'anling Prefecture

Hunan|

* *Changsha
* Zhuzhou
* Xiangtan
* Hengyang
* Shaoyang
* Yueyang
* Changde
* Zhangjiajie
* Yiyang
* Chenzhou
* Yongzhou
* Huaihua
* Loudi
* Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)

Jilin|

* *★Changchun
* Jilin
* Siping
* Liaoyuan
* Tonghua
* Baishan
* Songyuan
* Baicheng
* Yanbian (Korean)

Jiangsu|

* *★Nanjing
* Wuxi
* Xuzhou
* Changzhou
* ✧Suzhou
* Nantong
* Lianyungang
* Huai'an
* Yancheng
* Yangzhou
* Zhenjiang
* Taizhou
* Suqian

Jiangxi|

* *Nanchang
* Jingdezhen
* Pingxiang
* Jiujiang
* Xinyu
* Yingtan
* Ganzhou
* Ji'an
* Yichun
* Fuzhou
* Shangrao

Liaoning|

* *★Shenyang
* ★Dalian
* Anshan
* Fushun
* Benxi
* Dandong
* Jinzhou
* Yingkou
* Fuxin
* Liaoyang
* Panjin
* Tieling
* Chaoyang
* Huludao

Qinghai|

* *Xining
* Haidong
* Haibei (Tibetan)
* Huangnan (Tibetan)
* Hainan (Tibetan)
* Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)
* Yushu (Tibetan)
* Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)

Sichuan|

* *★Chengdu
* Zigong
* Panzhihua
* Luzhou
* Deyang
* Mianyang
* Guangyuan
* Suining
* Neijiang
* Leshan
* Nanchong
* Meishan
* Yibin
* Guang'an
* Dazhou
* Bazhong
* Ziyang
* Ya'an
* Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)
* Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)
* Liangshan (Yi)

Shaanxi|

* *★Xi'an
* Tongchuan
* Baoji
* Xianyang
* Weinan
* Yan'an
* Hanzhong
* Yulin
* Ankang
* Shangluo

Shandong|

* *★Jinan
* ★Qingdao
* Zibo
* Zaozhuang
* Dongying
* Yantai
* Weifang
* Jining
* Tai'an
* Weihai
* Rizhao
* Linyi
* Dezhou
* Liaocheng
* Binzhou
* Heze

Shanxi|

* *Taiyuan
* Datong
* Yangquan
* Changzhi
* Jincheng
* Shuozhou
* Jinzhong
* Yuncheng
* Xinzhou
* Linfen
* Lüliang

Taiwan|

* *Taibei
* Gaoxiong
* Xinbei
* Taizhong
* Tainan
* Taoyuan

Yunnan|

* *Kunming
* Qujing
* Yuxi
* Baoshan
* Zhaotong
* Lijiang
* Pu'er
* Lincang
* Chuxiong (Yi)
* Honghe (Hani and Yi)
* Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)
* Xishuangbanna (Dai)
* Dali (Bai)
* Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)
* Nujiang (Lisu)
* Dêqên (Tibetan)

Zhejiang|

* *★Hangzhou
* ★Ningbo
* ✧Wenzhou
* Jiaxing
* Huzhou
* Shaoxing
* Jinhua
* Quzhou
* Zhoushan
* Taizhou
* Lishui

Autonomous
regions|

| Guangxi|

* *Nanning
* Liuzhou
* Guilin
* Wuzhou
* Beihai
* Fangchenggang
* Qinzhou
* Guigang
* Yulin
* Baise
* Hezhou
* Hechi
* Laibin
* Chongzuo

|

Ningxia|

* *Yinchuan
* Shizuishan
* Wuzhong
* Guyuan
* Zhongwei

Inner
Mongolia|

* *Hohhot
* ✧Baotou
* Wuhai
* Chifeng "Ulankhad"
* Tongliao
* Ordos
* Hulunbuir
* Bayannur "Bayannao'er"
* Ulanqab
* Hinggan League
* Xilingol League
* Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"

Xinjiang|

* *Ürümqi
* Karamay
* Turpan
* Hami
* Changji (Hui)
* Bortala (Mongol)
* Bayingolin (Mongol)
* Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)
* ( ☆Ili (Kazakh)
* Tacheng Prefecture
* Altay Prefecture )
* Aksu Prefecture
* Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture
* Hotan Prefecture
* *Shihezi
* *Aral
* *Tumxuk
* *Wujiaqu
* *Beitun
* *Tiemenguan
* *Shuanghe
* *Kokdala
* *Kunyu
* *Huyanghe
* *Xinxing

Tibet|

* *Lhasa
* Shigatse "Xigazê"
* Chamdo "Qamdo"
* Nyingchi "Linzhi"
* Shannan
* Nagqu
* Ngari Prefecture

| Direct-administered municipalities|

* Beijing
* Tianjin
* Shanghai
* Chongqing

|

Special administrative regions|

* Hong Kong
* Macau

See also: List of prefectures in China, List of cities in China

* v
* t
* e

Metropolitan cities of China

Major metropolitan regions

* Jing-Jin-Ji (BJ-TJ-HE)
* Greater Bay Area
* Yangtze Delta (SH-JS-ZJ)
* Zhongyuan
* Chengyu
* Cross-Strait Western Coast
* Guanzhong
* Mid-Southern Liaoning
* Shandong Peninsula
* Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley)

Major cities

| National Central Cities|

* Beijinga
* Chongqinga
* Guangzhoub2
* Shanghaia2
* Tianjina2

|

Special administrative regions|

* Hong Kong
* Macau

Regional Central Cities|

* Chengdub
* Nanjingb
* Shenyangb
* Shenzhenc1
* Wuhanb
* Xi'anb

Sub-provincial cities|

* Changchunb
* Chengdub
* Dalianc2
* Guangzhoub2
* Hangzhoub
* Harbinb
* Jinanb
* Nanjingb
* Ningboc2
* Qingdaoc2
* Shenyangb
* Shenzhenc1
* Wuhanb
* Xiamenc1
* Xi'anb

Provincial capitals
(Prefecture-level)|

* Changsha
* Fuzhou2
* Guiyang
* Haikou
* Hefei
* Kunming
* Lanzhou
* Nanchang
* Shijiazhuang
* Taiyuan
* Xining
* Zhengzhou
* Taibei5

Autonomous regional capitals|

* Hohhot
* Lhasa
* Nanning
* Ürümqi
* Yinchuan

Comparatively large cities|

* Anshan
* Baotou
* Benxi
* Datong
* Fushun
* Jiujiang
* Handan
* Huainan
* Jilin
* Luoyang
* Qiqihar
* Suzhou
* Tangshan
* Wuxi
* Xuzhou
* Zibo

Prefecture-level cities by province

| Hebei|

* Shijiazhuang*
* Tangshan*
* Qinhuangdao2
* Handan*
* Xingtai
* Baoding
* Zhangjiakou
* Chengde
* Cangzhou
* Langfang
* Hengshui

|

Shanxi|

* Taiyuan*
* Datong*
* Yangquan
* Changzhi
* Jincheng
* Shuozhou
* Jinzhong
* Yuncheng
* Xinzhou
* Linfen
* Lüliang

Inner Mongolia|

* Hohhot*
* Baotou*
* Wuhai
* Chifeng
* Tongliao
* Ordos
* Hulunbuir
* Bayannur
* Ulanqab

Liaoning|

* Shenyang*
* Dalian*
* Anshan*
* Fushun*
* Benxi*
* Dandong
* Jinzhou
* Yingkou
* Fuxin
* Liaoyang
* Panjin
* Tieling
* Chaoyang
* Huludao

Jilin|

* Changchun*
* Jilin
* Siping
* Liaoyuan
* Tonghua
* Baishan
* Songyuan
* Baicheng

Heilongjiang|

* Harbin*
* Qiqihar*
* Jixi
* Hegang
* Shuangyashan
* Daqing
* Yīchun
* Jiamusi
* Qitaihe
* Mudanjiang
* Heihe
* Suihua

Jiangsu|

* Nanjing*
* Wuxi*
* Xuzhou*
* Changzhou
* Suzhou*
* Nantong
* Lianyungang2
* Huai'an
* Yancheng
* Yangzhou
* Zhenjiang
* Tàizhou
* Suqian

Zhejiang|

* Hangzhou*
* Ningbo*
* Wenzhou2
* Jiaxing
* Huzhou
* Shaoxing
* Jinhua
* Quzhou
* Zhoushan
* Tāizhou
* Lishui

Anhui|

* Hefei*
* Wuhu
* Bengbu
* Huainan*
* Ma'anshan
* Huaibei
* Tongling
* Anqing
* Huangshan
* Chuzhou
* Fuyang
* Sùzhou
* Lu'an
* Bozhou
* Chizhou
* Xuancheng

Fujian|

* Fuzhou*
* Xiamen*
* Putian
* Sanming
* Quanzhou
* Zhangzhou
* Nanping
* Longyan
* Ningde

Jiangxi|

* Nanchang*
* Jingdezhen
* Pingxiang
* Jiujiang
* Xinyu
* Yingtan
* Ganzhou
* Ji'an
* Yíchun
* Fǔzhou
* Shangrao

Shandong|

* Jinan*
* Qingdao*
* Zibo*
* Zaozhuang
* Dongying
* Yantai2
* Weifang
* Jining
* Tai'an
* Weihai
* Rizhao
* Laiwu
* Linyi
* Dezhou
* Liaocheng
* Binzhou
* Heze

Henan|

* Zhengzhou*
* Kaifeng
* Luoyang*
* Pingdingshan
* Anyang
* Hebi
* Xinxiang
* Jiaozuo
* Puyang
* Xuchang
* Luohe
* Sanmenxia
* Nanyang
* Shangqiu
* Xinyang
* Zhoukou
* Zhumadian

Hubei|

* Wuhan*
* Huangshi
* Shiyan
* Yichang
* Xiangyang
* Ezhou
* Jingmen
* Xiaogan
* Jinzhou
* Huanggang
* Xianning
* Suizhou

Hunan|

* Changsha*
* Zhuzhou
* Xiangtan
* Hengyang
* Shaoyang
* Yueyang
* Changde
* Zhangjiajie
* Yiyang
* Chenzhou
* Yongzhou
* Huaihua
* Loudi

Guangdong|

* Guangzhou*
* Shaoguan
* Shenzhen*
* Zhuhai1
* Shantou1
* Foshan
* Jiangmen
* Zhanjiang2
* Maoming
* Zhaoqing
* Huizhou
* Meizhou
* Shanwei
* Heyuan
* Yangjiang
* Qingyuan
* Dongguan
* Zhongshan
* Chaozhou
* Jieyang
* Yunfu

Guangxi|

* Nanning*
* Liuzhou
* Guilin
* Wuzhou
* Beihai2
* Fangchenggang
* Qinzhou
* Guigang
* Yùlin
* Baise
* Hezhou
* Hechi
* Laibin
* Chongzuo

Hainan1|

* Haikou*
* Sanya
* Sansha4
* Danzhou

Sichuan|

* Chengdu*
* Zigong
* Panzhihua
* Luzhou
* Deyang
* Mianyang
* Guangyuan
* Suining
* Neijiang
* Leshan
* Nanchong
* Meishan
* Yibin
* Guang'an
* Dazhou
* Ya'an
* Bazhong
* Ziyang

Guizhou|

* Guiyang*
* Liupanshui
* Zunyi
* Anshun
* Bijie
* Tongren

Yunnan|

* Kunming*
* Qujing
* Yuxi
* Baoshan
* Zhaotong
* Lijiang
* Pu'er
* Lincang

Tibet|

* Lhasa*
* Shigatse
* Chamdo
* Nyingchi
* Shannan

Shaanxi|

* Xi'an*
* Tongchuan
* Baoji
* Xianyang
* Weinan
* Yan'an
* Hanzhong
* Yúlin
* Ankang
* Shangluo

Gansu|

* Lanzhou*
* Jiayuguan
* Jinchang
* Baiyin
* Tianshui
* Wuwei
* Zhangye
* Pingliang
* Jiuquan
* Qingyang
* Dingxi
* Longnan

Qinghai|

* Xining*
* Haidong

Ningxia|

* Yinchuan*
* Shizuishan
* Wuzhong
* Guyuan
* Zhongwei

Xinjiang|

* Ürümqi*
* Karamay
* Turpan
* Hami

Taiwan5|

* (none)

Other cities (partly shown below)

| Prefecture-level capitals
(County-level)|

* (Inner Mongolia: Ulanhot
* Xilinhot)
* Jiagedaqi3, Heilongjiang
* Enshi, Hubei
* Jishou, Hunan
* (Sichuan：Xichang
* Kangding
* Barkam)
* (Guizhou: Xingyi
* Kaili
* Duyun)
* (Yunnan: Chuxiong
* Mengzi
* Wenshan
* Jinghong
* Dali
* Mangshi
* Shangri-La
* Lushui)
* (Gansu: Linxia
* Hezuo)
* (Qinghai: Yushu
* Delingha)
* (Xinjiang: Changji
* Bole
* Korla
* Yining
* Artush
* Aksu
* Kashgar1
* Hotan
* Tacheng
* Altay)

|

Province-governed cities
(Sub-prefecture-level)|

* Jiyuan, Henan
* (Hubei: Xiantao
* Qiánjiang
* Tianmen
* Shennongjia)
* (Hainan1: Wuzhishan
* Qionghai
* Wenchang
* Wanning
* Dongfang)
* (Xinjiang \- XPCC(Bingtuan) cities: Shihezi
* Aral
* Tumxuk
* Wujiaqu
* Beitun
* Tiemenguan
* Shuanghe
* Kokdala
* Kunyu)

Former Prefecture-level cities|

* Chaohu, Anhui
* Yumen，Gansu
* Dongchuan, Yunnan
* Shashi, Hubei
* (Sichuan: Fuling
* Wanxian)
* (Jilin: Meihekou
* Gongzhuling)

Sub-prefecture-level cities
(Prefecture-governed)|

* Qian'an, Hebei
* Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia
* Erenhot, Inner Mongolia
* Golmud, Qinghai

County-level cities by province

| Hebei|

* Xinji
* Jinzhou
* Xinle
* Zunhua
* Qian'an*
* Wu'an
* Nangong
* Shahe
* Zhuozhou
* Dingzhou
* Anguo
* Gaobeidian
* Botou
* Renqiu
* Huanghua
* Hejian
* Bazhou
* Sanhe
* Shenzhou

|

Shanxi|

* Gujiao
* Lucheng
* Gaoping
* Jiexiu
* Yongji
* Hejin
* Yuanping
* Houma
* Huozhou
* Xiaoyi
* Fenyang

Inner Mongolia|

* Holingol
* Manzhouli*
* Yakeshi
* Zhalantun
* Ergun
* Genhe
* Fengzhen
* Ulanhot*
* Arxan
* Erenhot*
* Xilinhot*

Liaoning|

* Xinmin
* Wafangdian
* Zhuanghe
* Haicheng
* Donggang
* Fengcheng
* Linghai
* Beizhen
* Gaizhou
* Dashiqiao
* Dengta
* Diaobingshan
* Kaiyuan
* Beipiao
* Lingyuan
* Xingcheng

Jilin|

* Yushu
* Dehui
* Jiaohe
* Huadian
* Shulan
* Panshi
* Gongzhuling
* Shuangliao
* Meihekou
* Ji'an
* Linjiang
* Fuyu
* Taonan
* Da'an
* Yanji
* Tumen
* Dunhua
* Hunchun
* Longjing
* Helong

Heilongjiang|

* Shangzhi
* Wuchang
* Nehe
* Hulin
* Mishan
* Tieli
* Tongjiang
* Fujin
* Fuyuan
* Suifenhe
* Hailin
* Ning'an
* Muling
* Dongning
* Bei'an
* Wudalianchi
* Anda
* Zhaodong
* Hailun

Jiangsu|

* Jiangyin
* Yixing
* Xinyi
* Pizhou
* Liyang
* Changshu
* Zhangjiagang
* Kunshan
* Taicang
* Qidong
* Rugao
* Haimen
* Dongtai
* Yizheng
* Gaoyou
* Danyang
* Yangzhong
* Jurong
* Jingjiang
* Taixing
* Xinghua

Zhejiang|

* Jiande
* Lin'an
* Yuyao
* Cixi
* Fenghua
* Rui'an
* Yueqing
* Haining
* Pinghu
* Tongxiang
* Zhuji
* Shengzhou
* Lanxi
* Yiwu
* Dongyang
* Yongkang
* Jiangshan
* Wenling
* Linhai
* Longquan

Anhui|

* Chaohu
* Jieshou
* Tongcheng
* Tianchang
* Mingguang
* Ningguo

Fujian|

* Fuqing
* Changle
* Yong'an
* Shishi
* Jinjiang
* Nan'an
* Longhai
* Shaowu
* Wuyishan
* Jian'ou
* Zhangping
* Fu'an
* Fuding

Jiangxi|

* Leping
* Ruichang
* Gongqingcheng
* Lushan
* Guixi
* Ruijin
* Jinggangshan
* Fengcheng
* Zhangshu
* Gao'an
* Dexing

Shandong|

* Zhangqiu
* Jiaozhou
* Jimo
* Pingdu
* Laixi
* Tengzhou
* Longkou
* Laiyang
* Laizhou
* Penglai
* Zhaoyuan
* Qixia
* Haiyang
* Qingzhou
* Zhucheng
* Shouguang
* Anqiu
* Gaomi
* Changyi
* Qufu
* Zoucheng
* Xintai
* Feicheng
* Rongcheng
* Rushan
* Laoling
* Yucheng
* Linqing

Henan|

* Gongyi
* Xingyang
* Xinmi
* Xinzheng
* Dengfeng
* Yanshi
* Wugang
* Ruzhou
* Linzhou
* Weihui
* Huixian
* Qinyang
* Mengzhou
* Yuzhou
* Changge
* Yima
* Lingbao
* Dengzhou
* Yongcheng
* Xiangcheng
* Jiyuan*

Hubei|

* Daye
* Danjiangkou
* Yidu
* Dangyang
* Zhijiang
* Laohekou
* Zaoyang
* Yicheng
* Zhongxiang
* Yingcheng
* Anlu
* Hanchuan
* Shishou
* Honghu
* Songzi
* Macheng
* Wuxue
* Chibi
* Guangshui
* Enshi*
* Lichuan
* Xiantao*
* Qianjiang*
* Tianmen*

Hunan|

* Liuyang
* Liling
* Xiangxiang
* Shaoshan
* Leiyang
* Changning
* Wugang
* Miluo
* Linxiang
* Jinshi
* Yuanjiang
* Zixing
* Hongjiang
* Lengshuijiang
* Lianyuan
* Jishou*

Guangdong|

* Lechang
* Nanxiong
* Taishan
* Kaiping
* Heshan
* Enping
* Lianjiang
* Leizhou
* Wuchuan
* Gaozhou
* Huazhou
* Xinyi
* Sihui
* Xingning
* Lufeng
* Yangchun
* Yingde
* Lianzhou
* Puning
* Luoding

Guangxi|

* Cenxi
* Dongxing
* Guiping
* Beiliu
* Jingxi
* Yizhou
* Heshan
* Pingxiang

Hainan|

* Wuzhishan*
* Qionghai*
* Wenchang*
* Wanning*
* Dongfang*

Sichuan|

* Dujiangyan
* Pengzhou
* Qionglai
* Chongzhou
* Jianyang
* Guanghan
* Shifang
* Mianzhu
* Jiangyou
* Emeishan
* Langzhong
* Huaying
* Wanyuan
* Barkam*
* Kangding*
* Xichang*

Guizhou|

* Qingzhen
* Chishui
* Renhuai
* Xingyi*
* Kaili*
* Duyun*
* Fuquan

Yunnan|

* Anning
* Xuanwei
* Tengchong
* Chuxiong*
* Mengzi*
* Gejiu
* Kaiyuan
* Mile
* Wenshan*
* Jinghong*
* Dali*
* Ruili
* Mangshi*
* Lushui*
* Shangri-La*

Tibet|

* (none)

Shaanxi|

* Xingping
* Hancheng
* Huayin

Gansu|

* Yumen
* Dunhuang
* Linxia*
* Hezuo*

Qinghai|

* Yushu*
* Golmud*
* Delingha*

Ningxia|

* Lingwu
* Qingtongxia

Xinjiang|

* Changji*
* Fukang
* Bole*
* Alashankou
* Korla*
* Aksu*
* Artush*
* Kashgar*
* Hotan*
* Yining*
* Kuytun
* Korgas
* Tacheng*
* Wusu
* Altay*
* Shihezi*
* Aral*
* Tumxuk*
* Wujiaqu*
* Beitun*
* Tiemenguan*
* Shuanghe*
* Kokdala*
* Kunyu*

Taiwan5|

* (none)

Notes

* Indicates this city has already occurred above.

aDirect-administered municipalities. bSub-provincial cities as provincial capitals. cSeparate state-planning cities. 1Special economic-zone cities. 2Open coastal cities.
3Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it.
4Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China.
5The claimed province of Taiwan no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See Administrative divisions of Taiwan instead.

All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province.

* v
* t
* e

Major regions and cities of China

National
megalopolises|

| Jing-Jin-Ji
(Inner) Bohai Economic Rim|

| Beijing|

* Beijing
* Changping
* Daxing
* Fangshan
* Mentougou
* Shunyi
* Tongzhou

|

Tianjin|

* Tianjin
* Binhai
* Dongli
* Jinnan
* Wuqing

Hebei|

* Baoding
* Xiong'an
* Cangzhou
* Chengde
* Langfang
* Shijiazhuang
* Tangshan
* Caofeidian
* Qian'an
* Zhangjiakou

Yangtze Delta
(Economic Zone)|

| Jiangsu|

* Changzhou
* Lianyungang
* Nanjing
* Nantong
* Suzhou
* Taizhou
* Wuxi
* Xuzhou
* Yangzhou
* Zhenjiang

|

Shanghai|

* Shanghai
* Baoshan
* Jiading
* Minhang
* Pudong
* Qingpu
* Songjiang

Zhejiang|

* Hangzhou
* Huzhou
* Jiaxing
* Jinhua
* Lishui
* Ningbo
* Quzhou
* Shaoxing
* Taizhou
* Wenzhou
* Zhoushan

Anhui|

* Chuzhou
* Hefei
* Huainan
* Ma'anshan
* Wuhu

Pearl River Delta
a.k.a. Greater Bay Area
(Economic Zone)|

| Guangdong|

* Dongguan
* Foshan
* Guangzhou
* Huadu
* Nansha
* Panyu
* Huizhou
* Jiangmen
* Shenzhen
* Bao'an
* Zhaoqing
* Zhongshan
* Zhuhai
* Hengqin

|

SARs|

* Hong Kong
* Kowloon
* Macau
* Cotai

West Triangle
Economic Zone|

| Chongqing|

* Chongqing
* Fuling
* Liangjiang
* Qianjiang
* Wanzhou
* Xinbei

|

Sichuan|

* Chengdu
* Dazhou
* Deyang
* Guang'an
* Leshan
* Luzhou
* Meishan
* Mianyang
* Nanchong
* Neijiang
* Suining
* Yibin
* Zigong
* Ziyang

Shaanxi|

* Baoji
* Tongchuan
* Weinan
* Xi'an
* Xianyang
* Yangling

Central Plain Megalopolis|

| Henan|

* Jiaozuo
* Jiyuan
* Kaifeng
* Luohe
* Luoyang
* Pingdingshan
* Xinxiang
* Xuchang
* Zhengzhou

|

Harbin-Changchun Megalopolis
(Northeastern Cities)|

| Heilongjiang|

* Harbin
* Daqing
* Mudanjiang
* Qiqihar

|

Jilin|

* Changchun
* Jilin
* Siping
* Yanji

Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/
Yangtze River Valley
(Central Triangle Economic Zone)|

| Hubei|

* Ezhou
* Huanggang
* Huangshi
* Qianjiang
* Tianmen
* Wuhan
* Xianning
* Xiantao
* Xiaogan

|

Hunan|

* Changde
* Changsha
* Hengyang
* Loudi
* Xiangtan
* Yiyang
* Yueyang
* Zhuzhou

Jiangxi|

* Fuzhou
* Ji'an
* Jingdezhen
* Jiujiang
* Nanchang
* Shangrao
* Xinyu
* Yichun
* Yingtan

Anhui|

* Anqing
* Bengbu
* Chizhou
* Chuzhou
* Hefei
* Huainan
* Lu'an
* Ma'anshan
* Tongling
* Wuhu
* Xuancheng

(North) Bohai Economic Rim|

| Liaoning|

* Anshan
* Dalian
* Lüshun
* Huludao
* Jinzhou
* Panjin
* Shenyang
* Yingkou

|

(South) Bohai Economic Rim|

| Shandong|

* Binzhou
* Dongying
* Jinan
* Qingdao
* Weifang
* Weihai
* Yantai
* Zibo

|

Regions|

* East
* Northeast
* North
* South Central
* Central
* South
* Huizhou
* Western
* Northwestern
* Southwestern

Administrative
divisions|

* By GDP
* By GDP per capita
* By Human Development Index
* Prefecture-level divisions
* County-level divisions

Cities|

* Direct-administered municipality
* Prefecture-level city
* Sub-provincial city
* County-level city
* List of cities in China
* by GDP per capita
* by population

Capitals|

* Historical capitals
* Current and former capitals

* Categories: Subdivisions
* Regions
* Cities

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
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Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Other|

* IdRef
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