Svaneti uprising of 1921

Svanetian uprising of 1921

Part of the Russian Civil War
Red Army invasion of Georgia
| Date| May 1921 – December 1921

|

Location|

Svanetia

Result|  Uprising crushed
Belligerents

Russian SFSR

* Red Army
* Georgian Revkom
* VOKhR

|  National Democrats of Georgia
Commanders and leaders
Lavrentiy Beria|  Mosostr Dadeshkeliani
Nestor Gardapkhadze
Bidzina Pirveli
Strength
1,600 (Soviet sources)|  unknown

* v
* t
* e

Theaters of the
Russian Civil War

* October Revolution
* Left-wing uprisings
* Allied intervention
* Central Powers intervention

Northern

* Finland
* North Russia
* Heimosodat
* Eastern Karelia

Western

* Estonia
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Petrograd
* Poland

Southern

* Ukraine
* Ukrainian-Soviet War
* Western Ukraine
* South Russia
* Bessarabia
* South Caucasus
* Ossetia
* Georgia
* Armenia and Azerbaijan
* Azerbaijan
* Armenia
* Tambov

Eastern

* Czechoslovak Legionary Revolt
* Siberia
* 1st Kazan
* 2nd Kazan
* 1st Perm
* Spring 1919 offensive of the White Army
* Spring 1919 counteroffensive of the Red Army
* Great Siberian Ice March
* Chita
* Mongolia
* Yakut revolt

Central Asian

* Bukhara
* Khiva
* Basmachi

* v
* t
* e

Southern Front
of the Russian Civil War

1917

* 1st Kharkiv

1918

* Mughan
* Shamkhor
* Donbas-Don
* 1st Kiev
* Ice March
* Steppe March
* Iași–Don
* March Days
* 1st Crimea
* Transcaucasia
* Kuban
* Goychay
* Sochi
* Tsaritsyn
* Kurdamir
* Livny
* Baku
* Dibrivka
* Allied intervention

1919

* Voronezh–Povorino
* Katerynoslav March
* Northern Caucasus
* Ukraine
* 2nd Kiev
* Khotyn Uprising
* 1st Donbas
* Hryhoriv Uprising
* Binagadi
* Chapan rebellion
* Vyoshenskaya Uprising
* Alexandrovsky Fort
* Bender Uprising
* Odesa
* 2nd Kharkiv
* Mamontov Raid
* Southern Front counteroffensive
* 3rd Kiev
* Perehonivka
* Advance on Moscow
* Nizhyn–Poltava
* Orel–Kursk
* Voronezh–Kastornoye
* Khopyor–Don
* Pavlohrad–Katerynoslav
* 3rd Kharkiv
* 4th Kiev
* 2nd Donbas

1920

* Rostov–Novocherkassk
* Odesa
* North Caucasus
* Novorossiysk
* Azerbaijan
* Yalama
* Sarvan
* Ochakov
* Anzali
* Lankaran
* Ulagay's Landing
* Obytichnyi Spit
* Armenia
* Northern Taurida
* Dagestan uprising
* Tambov Rebellion
* Perekop–Chonhar
* 2nd Crimea
* Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict

1921

* Anapa
* Georgia

The Svanetian uprising of 1921 was an unsuccessful rebellion against the recently established Bolshevik regime in Georgia.

The uprising broke out in Svaneti, a highland western Georgian province, almost immediately after the Red Army invasion of Georgia and the establishment of the Georgian SSR (February–March 1921). The first disturbances among the local peasants appeared already in May 1921, and quickly developed into an armed revolt against the highly unpopular Revolutionary Committee of Georgia (Revkom), an acting Bolshevik government in the transitional period. The guerrilla detachments led by Mosostr Dadeshkeliani, Nestor Gardapkhadze and Bidzina Pirveli, disarmed the Svaneti-based Red Army units in September, and launched preparations for the march on Kutaisi, the second largest city of Georgia. The Georgian Revkom, which faced the distinct prospect of a nationwide insurrection and civil war,[1] ordered, on October 7, 1921, the formation of special punitive detachments to fight the insurgents who were denounced as "political bandits". On November 15, 1921, Soviet officials reported that the number of Svanetian rebels amounted to 1,600, and their actions were coordinated by the National-Democratic Party of Georgia, which maintained contacts with a Tbilisi-based Menshevik organization.[2]

The fighting in Svaneti continued for six months, but the Soviet troops managed to curb the spread of the uprising into neighboring regions. By late December 1921, the fresh Red Army reinforcements finally crushed the revolt. The chief rebels were executed and severe repressive measures were established in the area. The defeat of the Svanetian rebellion forced major Georgian opposition parties to seek closer cooperation, which would later conclude with the generalization of an anti-Soviet uprising in August 1924.[3]

## See also

[edit]

* August Uprising
* Kakhet–Khevsureti rebellion

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Knight, Amy W. (1993), Beria: Stalin's First Lieutenant, p. 26. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, ISBN 0-691-01093-5
2. ^ (in Georgian) ვალერი ბენიძე (Valeri Benidze) (1991), 1924 წლის აჯანყება საქართველოში (1924 Uprising in Georgia), p. 10. Tbilisi: სამშობლო ("Samshoblo")
3. ^ Jones, Stephen F. (October 1988), "The Establishment of Soviet Power in Transcaucasia: The Case of Georgia 1921–1928". Soviet Studies 40, No. 4: 616-639

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