Sydney Grammar School

Grammar school in Sydney, Australia

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages)

The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (July 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

This article contains promotional content. Please help improve it by removing promotional language and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a neutral point of view. (July 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources.
Find sources: "Sydney Grammar School" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

(Learn how and when to remove this message)

Sydney Grammar School

'Big School'

Location

Darlinghurst, Edgecliff and St Ives, Sydney

New South Wales

Australia

Coordinates| 33°52′29″S 151°12′47″E﻿ / ﻿33.87472°S 151.21306°E﻿ / -33.87472; 151.21306
Information
Type| Independent, day school
Motto| Latin: Laus Deo
(Praise be to God)
Religious affiliation(s)| None
Established| 1857; 168 years ago (1857)[1]
Founder| Laurence Hynes Halloran
Chairman| Professor Eric Knight [2]
Headmaster| Dr RB Malpass
Staff| 63 (Darlinghurst),[3]
15 (Edgecliff),[3]
21 (St Ives)[3]
Teaching staff| 153 (Darlinghurst),[3]
52 (Edgecliff),[3]
47 (St Ives)[3]
Gender| Boys
Enrolment| 1,152 (Darlinghurst),[3]
306 (Edgecliff),[3]
413 (St Ives)[3] (2011)
Colour(s)| Black and gold
Athletics| AAGPS
Alumni| Old Sydneians
School song| Carmen Sydneiense
Website| www.sydgram.nsw.edu.au

Sydney Grammar School (SGS, colloquially known as Grammar)[4] is an independent, non-denominational day school for boys, located in Sydney, Australia.

Incorporated in 1854 by an Act of Parliament[5] and opened in 1857, the school claims to offer "classical" or "grammar" school education thought of as liberal, humane, pre-vocational pedagogy.[4]

As of 2006, Sydney Grammar School had an enrolment of approximately 1,841 students from kindergarten to Year 12, over three campuses.[6] The two preparatory schools (K to 6), are located at Edgecliff in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs,[7] and St Ives, on the Upper North Shore.[8] The College Street campus caters for students from Forms I to VI (Years 7–12), and is located in Darlinghurst.

The school is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA),[9] Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA),[10] Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference,[11] and is a founding member of the Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of New South Wales (AAGPS).[12]

As of 2025, Sydney Grammar School (senior) had an average annual school fee of A$49,209 per student.[13]

## History

[edit]

### Foundation

[edit]

Collectible Cigarette card featuring the Grammar colours and crest, c. 1910s

The Sydney Public Free Grammar School was opened in 1825 by Laurence Hynes Halloran, born County Meath, Ireland (1765–1831). Previously, Halloran had operated a private school in Exeter, England, however fled in 1796 due to debts, after being accused of immorality. It subsequently emerged that his degrees (in divinity) were self-awarded. He eventually returned to Britain but was arrested for forgery and transported to the penal colony of New South Wales, arriving there in 1819. He was immediately granted a ticket-of-leave.[citation needed]

In 1854, Sydney Grammar School (SGS) was incorporated by an Act of Parliament[5] and acquired the land and building in College Street which had been temporarily occupied by the newly founded University of Sydney in 1852. It was opened on 3 August 1857, specifically as a feeder school for the university.

The preamble of the Sydney Grammar School Act 1854 states:

> It is deemed expedient for the better advancement of religion and morality and the promotion of useful knowledge to establish in Sydney a public school for conferring on all classes and denominations of Her Majesty’s subjects resident in the Colony of New South Wales without any distinction whatsoever the advantages of a regular and liberal course of education.[14]

The act provides that the trustees of the school shall consist of twelve persons, of whom six shall be persons holding the following offices respectively:

* The Honourable the Attorney-General of New South Wales
* The Honourable the President of the New South Wales Legislative Council
* The Honourable the Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
* The Chancellor of the University of Sydney
* The Principal Professor of Classics of the University of Sydney
* The Senior Professor of Mathematics of the University of Sydney

The act also provides that the Governor of New South Wales shall be the official visitor of the school.[15]

### Site history

[edit]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

Hyde Park with Sydney Grammar School (at that time Sydney College) in the distance, 1842

Sydney Grammar School is the oldest school still in use in the City of Sydney, and is historically the site on which the University of Sydney began. The school buildings also contain examples of early building materials and techniques in pre-Federation Australia.[16]

The site was founded as The Sydney College in 1830, and the following year began operations in a new building in Hyde Park designed by Edward Hallen. It consisted of a single large room (now known as "Big School") with basement rooms beneath. Sydney College continued despite financial difficulties until 1853, when it was taken over by the fledgling University of Sydney until such time as the present Grose Farm site was ready for occupation. The site was then sold in 1856 to the trustees of the newly incorporated Sydney Grammar School, which had been established and endowed with a building fund by Act of Parliament. Edmund Blacket was commissioned to design extensions to the south and north of the Hallen building (now the North and South Blacket rooms), which were completed in 1856 and 1857 respectively. The "Big School" building became central to the Colonial Architect, James Barnet's vision for the cultural focus of Sydney Town.[17][non-primary source needed]

Sydney Grammar School at night

The War Memorial wing, named for its position behind Big School's monument to the Great War, was built at the northern end of Big School in 1953 by the Scott brothers, at the cost of its double staircase. In 1876, the main building was extended to the east by Mansfield Brothers, and this extension was itself extended to the north and south in 1899 by John W Manson. The Science classrooms on Stanley Street were built in 1889–90. Other early buildings on the site, now demolished, included the Sergeant's Lodge, an ablutions block (known as the "White House") on Stanley Street, and a former postal sorting office on Yurong Street (now the Palladium building).[citation needed]

### Today

[edit]

This article appears to be slanted towards recent events. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and add more content related to non-recent events. (July 2021)

|

Sydney Grammar is a private school.[18] Each year up to 26 full scholarships are offered to students who show academic promise and who perform well in the scholarship examination. It is also regarded for its strong academic results: for example, in national government testing ('NAPLAN' testing), it is one of the best performing private school nationwide,[19] and a high performer in the New South Wales Higher School Certificate with over 50% of graduates receiving a 95 ATAR ('Australian Tertiary Admissions Ranking') or higher between 2009 and 2023.[20]

Sydney Grammar is located near the Sydney central business district. The campus is compact and consists of multi-storey buildings (of up to eight floors) in a concrete landscape setting. Sydney Grammar is situated on the eastern side of Sydney's Hyde Park, next to the Australian Museum, and extends from College Street to Yurong Street. The designs of the school's buildings illustrate many different architectural eras: "Big School" (dating from the early 19th century colonial era), the Blacket buildings (annexed onto either side of "Big School" and completed in the 1850s), the original Science building (1891), the Science laboratory block (1960s), the Palladium building (an example of 1970s Modernist architecture), the Stanley Street building and Alastair Mackerras Theatre (1980s), and the A. B. 'Banjo' Paterson Library (1990s).

Weigall Sports Ground overlook

Weigall, the school's sportsground (named after former Headmaster Albert Bythesea Weigall), is located at Rushcutters Bay next to the Edgecliff Preparatory School and includes tennis courts, cricket nets and three fields for cricket, rugby and football. It is routinely used for Saturday sports matches, physical education and as a recreational area for Grammar's Edgecliff Preparatory School next door. There is also a large gymnasium at College Street and full rowing facilities at the school's boatshed at Gladesville.[21]

In May 2005, Headmaster John Vallance announced that the school would lead a consortium to purchase 30 Alma Street Paddington, known as White City, from Tennis New South Wales, thus extending the Weigall grounds substantially.[22] In 2006, development applications to subdivide the White City tennis courts (numbered DA 20/2006 and DA 302/2006) were lodged with Woollahra Council to develop the site to accommodate more tennis and basketball courts; these were subsequently passed.[citation needed]

On 14 June 2008 the new field now known as Weigall 4 was opened with a range of guests including Frank Lowy, president of Football Federation Australia.[citation needed]

In 2009, the school began the construction of a new, underground multi-purpose hall featuring a seating capacity of over 1,500 seats, now called the John Vallance Hall (formerly The New Hall from its opening until 2017).[23] Completed in August 2011, it was primarily designed to accommodate the entirety of the current students and teaching staff under one roof while being acoustically sound for orchestral performances.[citation needed] The hall was officially opened by the headmaster on 18 August 2011 with a celebratory concert featuring performances from a large number of Grammar boys past and present. The John Vallance Hall is now used by the two preparatory schools as well.[citation needed]

## Headmasters

[edit]

The current acting headmaster of Sydney Grammar School is Phillip Barr[24], who was appointed after the departure of Richard Malpass in August 2025. He will be replaced by the thirteenth headmaster Stuart McPherson in January of 2026[25].

Years | Sydney College

|

1825–1827 | Laurence Hynes Halloran
1835–1841 | William Timothy Cape
1841–1846 | Thomas Henry Braim, MA
1847–1849 | David Patterson
1850 | Charles Woodward, LLB
Years | Sydney Grammar School
1857–1866 | William John Stephens, MA
1867–1912 | Albert Bythesea Weigall, CMG, MA
1913–1920 | Henry Newman Penrose Sloman, MC, MA
1920–1923 | Arthur Henry Shakespeare Lucas, MA, BSc
1923–1939 | Herbert Stanley Dettmann, MA, BCL
1940–1950 | Frederick George Phillips, MA
1951–1964 | Colin Oswald Healey, OBE, TD, MA
1965–1968 | Samuel Peter Truman Houldsworth, MA, DipEd
1969–1989 | Alastair MacLaurin Mackerras, AO, MA
1989–1999 | Dr Ralph Douglas Townsend, MA, D.Phil.
1999–2017[26] | Dr John Taber Vallance, MA, PhD
2017– August 2025 | Dr Richard Malpass, BA, DipEd, PhD
August 2025 – 2026 [24] | Phillip Barr, BA, DipEd (Acting)
2026 – [25] | Stuart McPherson, MA

## Co-curriculum

[edit]

### Music

[edit]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

SGS has won the AMEB Music Shield 23 times in the past 25 years.[27] Two-thirds of pupils in the school play a musical instrument or are involved with music in some way. SGS has scores of musical groups in mostly classical, chamber and jazz styles. The School Orchestra engages in both national and international tours. Grammar's choir program involves hundreds of students, old boys, and parents, participating in its many annual concerts. The school's senior a cappella group is known as The Grammarphones and is composed of the best tenors, basses and baritones in the senior years. The school's senior jazz orchestra, the Sydney Grammar School Jazz Orchestra, is a regular feature at the Manly Jazz Festival.

SGS embarked on a five-year program entitled "Bach: 2010", in which all the known choral cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach were performed in a series of concerts between 2005 and 2010.[28] Sydney Grammar is one of the few institutions in the world that has engaged in such an exercise and was aided by the Mander organ in the Big School.[29] A performance has been held every year since by head of practical music studies, Robert Wagner, on the Bach's birthday.[30]

Under the current Head Master, an organic rock-&-roll movement has emerged and is currently thriving. The end of 2004 saw the consummation of years of practice in the first Grammarpalooza rock concert, which included the musical style of Old Boy band, Dappled Cities Fly.

### Sport

[edit]

This article contains promotional content. Please help improve it by removing promotional language and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a neutral point of view. (June 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

Head of the River crew, 1934

Sydney Grammar School is a member of the Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of NSW (GPS), Australia's oldest school sporting association. GPS sporting events include rugby union, football, cricket, tennis, volleyball, cross country, basketball, rowing, swimming, athletics, rifle shooting, and debating.[31][32] The school also competes in fencing and chess[33] competitions.

Grammar participates in the annual Tri-Grammar competitions, a series of cricket competitions between the Firsts teams of Sydney Grammar School, Melbourne Grammar School and Brisbane Grammar School. Sydney and Melbourne Grammar School also compete for "The Bat" in the same competition. The Sydney–Melbourne match dates back to 1876, and in 1976, to mark the centenary of this rivalry, a "Bat" was struck, with the winner of the annual match taking possession. The bat was donated by John Crawford, the father of the captain of the 1976 premiership winning side Andrew Crawford.

The school launched its rowing program in 1878, and has maintained it since.[34] Competition in rowing culminates in the Riverview Gold Cup for Junior Crews and the Head of the River for Senior Crews. Grammar's boatshed is on the Parramatta River at Gladesville.

On 2 April 2011, Sydney Grammar School first eight won the Major Rennie Trophy at the AAGPS Head of the River.[35] This marked the first victory for the school since 1978. In its history, Grammar has won the race sixteen times, the most after the Shore School. Many rowers have gone on to row in Varsity Crews at a university level.[36] In the 2014–2015 Harvard University rowing roster, Sydney Grammar had the most rowers out of any high school globally and two Sydney Grammar rowers were in Harvard's top crew (First Varsity Eight).[37]

### Academic extension

[edit]

The school operates academic extension programmes in both sciences and humanities, which includes olympiad programmes and hosting visiting scholars who spend time teaching and giving a public lecture. Notable scholars have included metaethicist Simon Blackburn, science and medical historian Sir Geoffrey Lloyd, zoologist Andrew Parker, astronomer and 1999 Young Australian of the Year Bryan Gaensler, historian Sir Christopher Clark, professor of English Dame Marina Warner, professor of Greek Richard Hunter, and composer Robin Holloway.[38]

Pyrimethamine structure

This section may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help improve it by rewriting it to create a more balanced presentation. Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message. (July 2021)

|

As part of an academic extension activity, a group of year 11 students attempted to prepare the medication pyrimethamine (sold as Daraprim) in 2016. Pyrimethamine is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system, for both adults[39] and children.[40][41] It is used to treat toxoplasmosis,[42] cystoisosporiasis, and malaria (in combination with sulfadoxine).[43] It received significant attention when its manufacturer in the United States was acquired by Turing Pharmaceuticals, and its CEO Martin Shkreli decided to increase the price from US$13.50 to US$750 a dose.[44][45] Hence, a group of year 11 students from Grammar, supported by Matthew H. Todd from the University of Sydney and the Open Source Malaria consortium, have prepared pyrimethamine.[46] The students started with 17 g of (4-chlorophenyl)acetonitrile (which is available from Sigma-Aldrich for $36.50 per 100 g) and prepared 3.7 g of pyrimethamine, which is about US$110,000 at Turing's prices.[47]

Their work has attracted attention from around the world, being reported in The Independent,[48] the Daily Telegraph,[49] and BBC News[50] in the United Kingdom, the Washington Post,[51] New York Daily News,[52] and U.S. News & World Report[53] in the United States, among others.[54] By replacing expensive chemicals with alternatives available in a high school laboratory, they demonstrated that the synthesis can be carried out fairly simply and safely, and at a cost of approximately A$2 per dose.[55] Business magazine Forbes described the work as figuratively "punch[ing] Martin Shkreli in the face" and as raising questions about pharmaceutical companies which do not do substantial amounts of research.[56] Unfortunately, as a consequence of the closed distribution model which Turing employs in the United States, any competing company seeking to market a generic alternative to Daraprim (including using the approach the boys developed with their teacher) would need to compare their product with a sample of Daraprim provided directly by Turing; if Turing refuses to provide that sample, the competitor would need to undertake a complete new clinical trial,[49] which creates a prohibitive barrier to entering the market. The boys are quoted making comments highly critical of Shkreli's and Turing's behaviour,[46][50][55] and have been applauded on social media with comments that their work highlights Shkreli's greed, though he has minimised their achievement.[51]

Shkreli subsequently posted a video about the achievement, declaring his "delight" about students entering the STEM field, describing them as "proof that the 21st century economy will solve problems of human suffering through science and technology", and stating that "[w]e should congratulate these students for their interest in chemistry and all be excited about what is to come in the STEM-focused 21st century."[57] The students presented their work at the Royal Australian Chemical Institute's NSW Organic Chemistry symposium alongside students at fourth-year undergraduate and postgraduate levels, as well as postdoctoral researchers.[47]

### Clubs and Societies

[edit]

The school has numerous clubs and societies for students. Notable examples include:

* Australian Air Force Cadets[58] (Established in 1942[59])
* Australian Army Cadets[58] (Founded in 1871 by School Headmaster Albert Bythesea Weigall, the Corps is one of the oldest military units in the nation, even predating the Australian Army.[16][60])
* Creative Writing Club,[58] run by notable author John Hughes
* Chess Club
* Duke of Edinburgh Award Scheme
* Debating

A number of boys also assist in editing the school's yearly almanac, The Sydneian,[58] over 400 editions of which have been produced since 1875.

## Notable alumni

[edit]

Old Sydneians' Union Logo

Main article: List of Old Sydneians

Alumnus of Sydney Grammar School are commonly referred to as Old Boys or Old Sydneians,[61] and may elect to join the schools alumni association, the Old Sydneians' Union (OSU).[62][63]

Grammar is notable for having educated many Rhodes Scholars,[64][65][66] High Court judges (Australia's highest court) and the equal highest number of Australian Prime Ministers, out of any school in Australia. Its alumni also include influential figures in business, international sport, science and medicine, and the performing arts, like David Gonski (leading Australian philanthropist, chairman of the Future Fund, chancellor of the New South Wales) and Rowan Gillies (former international president of Médecins Sans Frontières).

Notable alumni also include Sir Edmund Barton, the first Prime Minister of Australia (1901–1903),[67] Sir William McMahon, 20th Prime Minister of Australia (1971–1972),[68] Malcolm Turnbull, 29th Prime Minister of Australia (2015–2018),[69] Bruce Gyngell, first person to appear on Australian television,[70] Andrew "Boy" Charlton, an Olympic gold medallist swimmer,[71] and also Banjo Paterson – bush poet and balladist, and author of "The Man From Snowy River" and "Waltzing Matilda," and who now has the school library named after him.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Sydney Grammar School". New South Wales. School Choice. 2007. Archived from the original on 21 August 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
2. ^ "Trustees – Sydney Grammar School". Sydney Grammar School. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "My School". NSW Government. 2011. Archived from the original on 3 April 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
4. ^ a b Vallance, J.T. (2007). "Headmaster's Introduction". College St. Sydney Grammar School. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007. "If you think you might like to come to Grammar"
5. ^ a b "Sydney Grammar School Act 1854". New South Wales Consolidated Acts. AustLII. 10 May 1995. Archived from the original on 16 November 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
6. ^ "2006 Annual Report" (PDF). Annual Reports. Sydney Grammar School. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
7. ^ "Sydney Grammar School". Directory. Sydney's Child. Archived from the original on 19 October 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
8. ^ "Sydney Grammar School". Participating schools. North Shore independent schools. 10 May 1995. Archived from the original on 11 September 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
9. ^ "AHISA Schools". New South Wales. Association of Heads of independent schools of Australia. April 2007. Archived from the original on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
10. ^ "JSHAA New South Wales Directory of Members". New South Wales Branch. Junior School Heads' Association of Australia. 2007. Archived from the original on 17 January 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
11. ^ "HMC Schools: International Members". HMC Schools. Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. 2007. Archived from the original on 15 March 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
12. ^ "AAGPS History". Info. Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of New South Wales. 2007. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2007.
13. ^ "Fees - Sydney Grammar School". www.sydgram.nsw.edu.au. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
14. ^ "Sydney Grammar School Act 1854 (Private Act)". NSW legislation. Parliamentary Counsel's Office. Archived from the original on 15 May 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
15. ^ "History of the School - Sydney Grammar School". www.sydgram.nsw.edu.au. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
16. ^ a b "Sydney Grammar School". Sydney Architecture Images- Central Business District. Sydney Architecture. 2004. Archived from the original on 6 July 2008. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
17. ^ "History". SGS Archives. Sydney Grammar School. 2003. Archived from the original on 8 March 2008. Retrieved 12 March 2008.
18. ^ Patty, Anna (30 July 2007). "Lessons in choice". News and Features. Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney. p. 14\. Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
19. ^ "Sydney Grammar School, Only private school in top 10 NAPLAN schools". Archived from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
20. ^ "Academic Results - Sydney Grammar School". www.sydgram.nsw.edu.au. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
21. ^ Sport Sydney Grammar School
22. ^ Dick, Tim (24 May 2005). "Match point in tennis centre sale". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 10 January 2008. Retrieved 11 September 2007.
23. ^ "Our largest building project?" (PDF). Foundations. November 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
24. ^ a b "Acting Headmaster's Introduction - Sydney Grammar School". www.sydgram.nsw.edu.au. Retrieved 1 August 2025.
25. ^ a b "Sydney Grammar School appoints new Headmaster". newscentre.sydgram.nsw.edu.au. Retrieved 1 August 2025.
26. ^ "Sydney Grammar School headmaster John Vallance resigns". Smh.com.au. 19 February 2016. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
27. ^ "Sydney Grammar School Magazine". Winter 2018. p. 17\. Archived from the original on 13 March 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
28. ^ "Sydney Grammar School". Conference Program – Sydney. Organ Historical Trust of Australia. 2005. Archived from the original on 14 March 2008. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
29. ^ "Sydney Grammar School". Portfolio. Mander Organs. 2003. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
30. ^ "Bach's 330th birthday organ concert - Robert Wagner @ Sydney Grammar". Meetup. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
31. ^ "Sport". Sydney Grammar School. Archived from the original on 7 May 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
32. ^ "Debating". Sydney Grammar School. Archived from the original on 7 May 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
33. ^ "Chess". Sydney Grammar School. Archived from the original on 7 May 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
34. ^ http://www.rowinghistory-aus.info/club-histories/sydney/03-1.php Archived 11 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine Early rowing clubs
35. ^ "AAGPS Head of the River Results 2011" (PDF). 2010 – 2011 Regatta Calendar. Rowing NSW. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
36. ^ "Sydney Grammar School Magazine June 2012, see page 3". Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
37. ^ "Harvard University Heavyweight Roster 2014–2015". Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
38. ^ Academic Extension, Sydney Grammar School, 2016
39. ^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (PDF) (19th ed.). World Health Organization. November 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
40. ^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (PDF) (5th ed.). World Health Organization. August 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
41. ^ "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
42. ^ Hamilton, Richard J. (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2016 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 63\. ISBN 9781284095289.
43. ^ American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (8 February 2016). "Pyrimethamine". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
44. ^ Pollack, Andrew (20 September 2015). "Drug Goes From $13.50 a Tablet to $750, Overnight". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
45. ^ Mullin, Emily (21 December 2015). "Turing Pharma Says Daraprim Availability Will Be Unaffected By Shkreli Arrest". Forbes. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
46. ^ a b Davey, Melissa (1 December 2016). "Australian students recreate Martin Shkreli price-hike drug in school lab". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
47. ^ a b Strom, Marcus (30 November 2016). "Sydney schoolboys take down Martin Shkreli, the 'most hated man in the world'". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
48. ^ Garcia, Feliks (1 December 2016). "Martin Shkreli-hiked drug Daraprim recreated by Australian schoolboys for $20 a pill". The Independent. Archived from the original on 3 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
49. ^ a b Palazzo, Chiara (2 December 2016). "Breaking good: Australian schoolboys reproduce Martin Shkreli-hiked drug for £1 a pill". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
50. ^ a b Dunlop, Greg (2 December 2016). "Martin Shkreli: Australian boys recreate life-saving drug". BBC Online. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
51. ^ a b Schmidt, Samantha (1 December 2016). "Sydney high school students 'show up' Martin Shkreli, recreating price-hiked pill for $2". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
52. ^ Salinger, Tobias (30 November 2016). "Australian high school boys create Martin Shkreli's price-hiked drug using $20 and science". The New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
53. ^ Dicker, Rachel (1 December 2016). "Australian High School Students Make Martin Shkreli's $750 Daraprim Drug for $2 per Pill". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
54. ^ Ghoshal, Arkadev (1 December 2016). "Take that, Pharma Bro: Australian students recreate $110,000 AIDS drug ingredient for $20". International Business Times (India Edition). Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
55. ^ a b Davey, Melissa (2 December 2016). "Martin Shkreli branded an 'attention seeker' as Sydney student hits back". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
56. ^ Lee, Bruce Y. (1 December 2016). "High Schoolers Punch Martin Shkreli in the Face, Figuratively". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
57. ^ "Martin Shkreli responds to Sydney schoolboys who recreated drug in Daraprim". The Australian. 2 December 2016. Archived from the original on 20 May 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
58. ^ a b c d "Clubs and Societies". College Street. Sydney Grammar School. Archived from the original on 21 January 2008. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
59. ^ "A brief history of 306 Squadron". About 306 Squadron. Australian Air Force Cadets. Archived from the original on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
60. ^ J. B. Windeyer (1976). "Albert Bythesea Weigall (1840–1912)". Weigall, Albert Bythesea (1840–1912). MUP. pp. 375–376\. Archived from the original on 19 June 2007. Retrieved 12 August 2007. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)
61. ^ "Old Sydneians' Union". College St. Sydney Grammar School. 2007. Archived from the original on 8 October 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
62. ^ "Old Sydneians' Union". Welcome. OSU Sydney Grammar School Old Sydneians' Union. 2007. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
63. ^ "Membership". OSU Sydney Grammar School Old Sydneians' Union. Archived from the original on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 25 October 2007.
64. ^ "Sydney Grammar School 26th Rhode Scholar in 2005". Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
65. ^ "News". The University of Sydney. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
66. ^ "Sydney Grammar School 28th Rhode Scholar in 2013". Archived from the original on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
67. ^ "Edmund Barton". Player Profile. cricinfoaustralia. Archived from the original on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
68. ^ "William McMahon". Fast Facts – Australia's Prime Ministers. National Archives of Australia. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
69. ^ "Malcolm Turnbull: The man destined for the crown - 9news.com.au". 14 September 2015. Archived from the original on 16 September 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
70. ^ "GYNGELL, BRUCE". Archives. The Museum of Broadcast Communications. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008. Retrieved 11 March 2008.
71. ^ "Andrew "Boy" Charlton – An Australian Legend". Dive into spring. Sydney Media. 1 September 2006. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 11 March 2008.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Sheldon, J.S 1997. The Big School Room at Sydney Grammar School with an Account of the Decline & Fall of Sydney College. Sydney Grammar School Press, Sydney, NSW. ISBN 0-646-30507-7.
* Turney, C. 1989. Grammar: A History of Sydney Grammar School 1819 – 1988. Allen & Unwin with Sydney Grammar School, Sydney, NSW. ISBN 0-04-910115-3.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website
* The Old Sydneians Union

* v
* t
* e

Members of the Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of New South Wales, Australia

* Newington College
* Shore School
* St Ignatius' College
* St Joseph's College
* Sydney Boys High School
* Sydney Grammar School
* The Armidale School
* The King's School
* The Scots College

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* United States

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz place

*[c.]: circa
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template