Tōnankai earthquakes

Tōnankai earthquakes are caused by ruptures in the middle zone (C and/or D segments) of the Nankai megathrust

The Tōnankai earthquakes are major megathrust earthquakes that affect the Tōnankai region (Southeastern Sea) of Japan, between the Tōkai region (Eastern Sea) and Nankaidō (Southern Sea Circuit) region, and are caused by ruptures in the Tōnankai zone of the Nankai megathrust, specifically segments C and/or D.

These are a class of Nankai megathrust earthquakes, frequently occurring in combination with a rupture of segment E (Tōkai zone, yielding Tōkai earthquakes), and either in combination with or followed by a rupture of segment A and/or B (Nankai zone, yielding Nankai earthquakes).[1]

The most notable Tōnankai earthquake, and the only earthquake known to have consisted of ruptures in the Tōnankai zone only, is the 1944 Tōnankai earthquake.[2]

## History

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The distinction of Tōnankai earthquakes, and the Tōnankai region itself, is a recent one, dating to the 1944 Tōnankai earthquake. Nankai (Southern Sea) and Nankaidō (Southern Sea Way), and likewise Tōkai (Eastern Sea) and Tōkaidō (Eastern Sea Way) are historical names and divisions of Japan, but following the 1944 earthquake, it was recognized that there were distinct segments in between these, which could independently rupture, and thus a different category was created.

## References

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1. ^ Spurr, D.D. (2010). "Nankai-Tokai subduction hazard for catastrophe risk modeling". American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2010, Abstract #S41A-1994. 41: S41A–1994. Bibcode:2010AGUFM.S41A1994S.
2. ^ Garrett, Ed; Fujiwara, Osamu; Riedesel, Svenja; Walstra, Jan; Deforce, Koen; Yokoyama, Yusuke; Schmidt, Sabine; Brückner, Helmut; De Batist, Marc; Heyvaert, Vanessa MA (2018). "Historical Nankai-Suruga megathrust earthquakes recorded by tsunami and terrestrial mass movement deposits on the Shirasuka coastal lowlands, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan". Holocene. doi:10.1177/0959683617752844. ISSN 1477-0911.

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Earthquakes in Japan

Historical|

* 679 Tsukushi
* 684 Hakuho
* 869 Jōgan
* 1026 Manju
* 1096 Eicho
* 1293 Kamakura
* 1361 Shōhei
* 1498 Meiō
* 1586 Tenshō
* 1596 Fushimi
* 1605 Keichō
* 1611 Aizu
* 1611 Sanriku
* 1662 Kanbun
* 1662 Hyūga-nada
* 1677 Bōsō
* 1703 Genroku
* 1707 Hōei
* 1741 Kampo
* 1751 Takada
* 1771 Great Yaeyama
* 1792 Unzen
* 1804 Kisakata
* 1828 Sanjō
* 1833 Shōnai
* 1847 Zenkoji
* 1854 Iga–Ueno
* 1854 Nankai
* 1854 Tōkai
* 1855 Edo
* 1858 Hietsu
* 1872 Hamada
* 1889 Kumamoto
* 1891 Mino–Owari
* 1894 Tokyo
* 1894 Shōnai
* 1896 Sanriku
* 1896 Rikuu

20th century|

* 1909 Anegawa
* 1911 Kikai Island
* 1914 Senboku
* 1922 Shimabara
* 1923 Great Kantō
* 1925 North Tajima
* 1927 North Tango
* 1930 North Izu
* 1933 Sanriku
* 1936 Miyagi
* 1939 Oga
* 1940 Shakotan
* 1941 Hyūga-nada
* 1943 Tottori
* 1944 Tōnankai
* 1945 Mikawa
* 1946 Nankai
* 1948 Fukui
* 1952 Tokachi
* 1961 North Mino
* 1963 Kuril Islands
* 1964 Niigata
* 1968 Ebino
* 1968 Hyūga-nada
* 1968 Tokachi
* 1973 Nemuro Peninsula
* 1974 Izu Peninsula
* 1978 Izu Ōshima
* 1978 Miyagi
* 1982 Urakawa
* 1983 Sea of Japan
* 1984 Nagano
* 1993 Kushiro
* 1993 Okushiri
* 1994 offshore Sanriku
* 1995 Hanshin
* 2000 Izu Islands
* 2000 Tottori

21st century|

* 2001 Geiyo
* 2003 Miyagi
* 2003 Tokachi
* 2004 Chūetsu
* 2005 Fukuoka
* 2005 Miyagi
* 2006 Kuril Islands
* 2007 Chūetsu
* 2007 Kuril Islands
* 2007 Noto
* 2008 Iwate–Miyagi
* 2008 Iwate
* 2009 Shizuoka
* 2011 Tōhoku
* 2011 Nagano
* 2011 Shizuoka
* 2011 Miyagi
* 2011 Fukushima
* 2012 Chiba
* 2012 Sanriku
* 2014 Nagano
* 2015 Ogasawara
* 2016 Kumamoto
* 2016 Tottori
* 2016 Fukushima
* 2018 Osaka
* 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi
* 2019 Yamagata
* 2021 Fukushima
* 2021 Miyagi
* 2021 Chiba
* 2022 Fukushima
* 2023 Noto
* 2024 Noto
* 2024 Hyūga-nada
* 2025 Tokara

Related articles|

* Nankai megathrust earthquakes
* Tōkai earthquakes
* Tōnankai earthquakes
* Nankai earthquakes
* South Kantō earthquakes
* Matsushiro earthquake swarm

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