Tacoma, Washington

"Tacoma" redirects here. For the volcano after which the city is named, see Mount Rainier. For the vehicle, see Toyota Tacoma. For other uses, see Tacoma (disambiguation).

Not to be confused with Takoma (Washington, D.C.) or Tecoma, Victoria.

City in Washington, United States

Tacoma

City

Aerial view of Downtown Tacoma with Mount Rainier in the background

Flag

Seal

Nickname(s):

City of Destiny, Grit City

Location of Tacoma in Pierce County, Washington

Tacoma

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Tacoma

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Coordinates: 47°14′45″N 122°27′34″W﻿ / ﻿47.24583°N 122.45944°W﻿ / 47.24583; -122.45944
Country| United States
State| Washington
County| Pierce
Adopted| 1868[1]
Founded| 1872
Incorporated| November 12, 1875
Named after| Tahoma
Government

• Type| Council–manager
• Mayor| Victoria Woodards (D)
Area

[2]

• City

| 62.42 sq mi (161.68 km2)
• Land| 49.71 sq mi (128.76 km2)
• Water| 12.71 sq mi (32.92 km2)
Elevation

[1]

| 387 ft (118 m)
Population

(2020)[3]

• City

| 219,346

• Estimate

(2023)[4]

| 222,906
• Rank| US: 105th
WA: 3rd
• Density| 4,412.51/sq mi (1,703.53/km2)
• Urban

| 3,544,011 (Seattle urban area) (US: 13th)
• Metro

| 4,034,248 (Seattle metropolitan area) (US: 15th)
Demonym| Tacoman (plural: Tacomans)
Time zone| UTC–8 (Pacific (PST))
• Summer (DST)| UTC–7 (PDT)
ZIP codes|

Zip codes[5]

* 98401–98409, 98411–98413, 98415–98419, 98421–98422, 98424, 98430–98431, 98433, 98438–98439, 98443–98448, 98464–98467, 98471, 98481, 98490, 98493, 98496–98499

Area code| 253
FIPS code| 53-70000
GNIS feature ID| 2412025[1]
Website| cityoftacoma.org

Tacoma (/təˈkoʊmə/ tə-KOH-mə) is a city in and the county seat of Pierce County, Washington, United States.[6] A port city, it is situated along the Puget Sound roughly 30 miles (48 km) from Seattle and Olympia, and 58 miles (93 km) northwest of Mount Rainier National Park. Tacoma is the second-largest city in the Puget Sound area and the third-most populous city in the state with a population of 219,346 at the 2020 census.[3] Tacoma is the economic and cultural center of the South Sound region, which has a population of about 1 million.

Tacoma adopted its name after the nearby Mount Rainier, called təˡqʷuʔbəʔ in the Puget Sound Salish dialect, and "Takhoma" in an anglicized version. It is locally known as the "City of Destiny" because the area was chosen to be the western terminus of the Northern Pacific Railroad in the late 19th century. The decision of the railroad was influenced by Tacoma's neighboring deep-water harbor, Commencement Bay. By connecting the bay with the railroad, Tacoma's motto became "When rails meet sails". Commencement Bay serves the Port of Tacoma, a center of international trade on the Pacific Coast and Washington's largest port. The city gained notoriety in 1940 for the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, which earned the nickname "Galloping Gertie" due to the vertical movement of the deck during windy conditions.

Like most industrial cities, Tacoma suffered a prolonged decline in the mid-20th century as a result of suburbanization and divestment. Since the 1990s, downtown Tacoma has experienced a period of revitalization. Developments in the downtown include the University of Washington Tacoma; the T Line (formerly Tacoma Link), the first modern electric light rail service in the state; the state's highest density of art and history museums; and a restored urban waterfront, the Thea Foss Waterway.

## History

[edit]

### Early history

[edit]

The Commencement Bay Land and Improvement Co. played a major role in the city's early growth.

The area was inhabited for thousands of years by Native Americans, most recently the Puyallup people, who lived in settlements on the delta. In 1852, Swedish immigrant Nicolas Delin built a water-powered sawmill on a creek near the head of Commencement Bay, but the small settlement that grew around it was abandoned during the Indian War of 1855–56. In 1864, pioneer and postmaster Job Carr, a Civil War veteran and land speculator, built a cabin (which also served as Tacoma's first post office; a replica was built in 2000 near the original site in "Old Town").[7] Carr hoped to profit from the selection of Commencement Bay as the terminus of the Transcontinental Railroad, and sold most of his claim to developer Morton M. McCarver (1807–1875), who named his project Tacoma City, derived from the indigenous name for the mountain.

Tacoma was incorporated on November 12, 1875, following its selection in 1873 as the western terminus of the Northern Pacific Railroad due to lobbying by McCarver, future mayor John Wilson Sprague, and others. However, the railroad built its depot in New Tacoma, two miles (3 km) south of the Carr–McCarver development. The two communities grew together and joined, merging on January 7, 1884. The transcontinental link was effected in 1887, and the population grew from 1,098 in 1880 to 36,006 in 1890. Rudyard Kipling visited Tacoma in 1889 and said it was "literally staggering under a boom of the boomiest".[8]

Sidewheel steamer Alaskan at the Northern Pacific Dock c. 1880

In November 1885, white citizens led by then-mayor Jacob Weisbach expelled several hundred Chinese residents peacefully living in the city. As described by the account prepared by the Chinese Reconciliation Project Foundation, on the morning of November 3, "several hundred men, led by the mayor and other city officials, evicted the Chinese from their homes, corralled them at 7th Street and Pacific Avenue, marched them to the railway station at Lakeview and forced them aboard the morning train to Portland, Oregon. The next day two Chinese settlements were burned to the ground."

George Francis Train was a resident for a few years in the late 19th century. In 1890, he staged a global circumnavigation starting and ending in Tacoma to promote the city. A plaque in downtown Tacoma marks the start and finish line. The discovery of gold in the Klondike in 1898 led to Tacoma's prominence in the region being eclipsed by the development of Seattle. A major tragedy marred the end of the 19th century, when a streetcar accident resulted in significant loss of life on July 4, 1900.

### Early 20th century

[edit]

Odd Fellows Parade at C Street and 9th Street, 1893

From May to August 1907, the city was the site of a smelter workers' strike organized by Local 545 of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), with the goal of a fifty-cent per day pay raise.[9][10] The strike was strongly opposed by the local business community, and the smelter owners threatened to blacklist organizers and union officials. The IWW opposed this move by trying to persuade inbound workers to avoid Tacoma during the strike.[11] By August, the strike had ended without meeting its demands.[9]

Tacoma was briefly (1915–1922) a major destination for big-time automobile racing, with one of the nation's top-rated racing venues just outside the city limits, at the site of today's Clover Park Technical College.

In 1924, Tacoma's first movie studio, H. C. Weaver Studio, was sited at present-day Titlow Beach. At the time, it was the third-largest freestanding film production space in America, with the two larger facilities being located in Hollywood.[12] The production studio was also the first of its kind in the Pacific Northwest[13] The first film produced in Tacoma was Hearts and Fists, which starred John Bowers and premiered at Tacoma's Rialto Theater. The studio's importance has undergone a revival with the discovery of one of its most famous lost films, Eyes of the Totem. In 1932, the studios burned to the ground in a mysterious fire, and the production facility was never rebuilt. Several films were destroyed in the fire as old nitrate-based film did not survive.[13]

Tacoma manufacturing district and tide flats, 1912.

### Great Depression

[edit]

Tacoma harbor pictured in 1925

The 1929 crash of the stock market, resulting in the Great Depression, was only the first event in a series of misfortunes to hit Tacoma in the winter of 1929–30. In one of the coldest winters on record, Tacoma experienced mass power outages and eventually the shutdown of major power supply dams, leaving the city without sufficient power and heat.[14] During the 30-day power shortage in the winter of 1929 and 1930, the engines of the aircraft carrier USS Lexington provided Tacoma with electricity.[15][16]

A power grid failure paired with a newly rewritten city constitution – put into place to keep political power away from a single entity such as the railroad – created a standstill in the ability to further the local economy. Local businesses were affected as the sudden stop of loans limited progression of expansion and renewal funds for maintenance, leading to foreclosures.[17] Families across the city experienced the fallout of economic depression as breadwinners sought to provide for their families. Shanty-town politics began to develop as the destitute needed some form of leadership to keep the peace.[18]

#### Hooverville

[edit]

At the intersection of Dock Street EXD and East D Street in the train yard, a shanty town became the solution to the growing scar of the depression. Tacoma's Hooverville grew in 1924 as the homeless community settled on the waterfront.[19][20] In 1927, Tacoma's Hooverville was coined "Hollywood" due to the type of crimes at the camp.[19][20] The population boomed in November 1930 through early 1931 as families from the neighboring McKinley and Hilltop areas were evicted.

Collecting scraps of metal and wood from local lumber stores and recycling centers, families began building shanties (shacks) for shelter. By 1934, alcoholism and suicide were a common event in the Hooverville[19][20] that eventually led to its nickname of "Hollywood on the Tide Flats", because of the Hollywood-style crimes and events taking place in the camp.[further explanation needed]

In 1935, Tacoma received national attention when George Weyerhaeuser, the nine-year-old son of prominent lumber industry executive J.P. Weyerhaeuser, was kidnapped[21] while walking home from school. FBI agents from Portland handled the case, in which a ransom of $200,000 secured the release of the victim. Four persons were apprehended and convicted; the last to be released was paroled from McNeil Island in 1963. George Weyerhaeuser went on to become chairman of the board of the Weyerhaeuser Company.

In 1940, after eviction notices failed, the police department attempted to burn down Hooverville.[19][20] In 1956, the last occupant of "Hollywood" was evicted and the police used fire to level the grounds and make room for industrial growth.[22][19][20]

### Postwar era

[edit]

In 1951, an investigation by a state legislative committee revealed widespread corruption in Tacoma's government, which had been organized commission-style since 1910. Voters approved a mayor and city-manager system in 1952.

Tacoma was featured prominently in the garage rock sound of the mid-1960s with bands including The Wailers and The Sonics. The surf rock band The Ventures were also from Tacoma.

Downtown Tacoma experienced a long decline through the mid-20th century. Harold Moss, later the city's mayor, characterized late-1970s Tacoma as looking "bombed out" like "downtown Beirut" (a reference to the Lebanese Civil War that occurred at that time); "Streets were abandoned, storefronts were abandoned and City Hall was the headstone and Union Station the footstone" on the grave of downtown.[23]

The first local referendums in the U.S. on computerized voting occurred in Tacoma in 1982 and 1987. On both occasions, voters rejected the computer voting systems that local officials sought to purchase. The campaigns, organized by Eleanora Ballasiotes, a conservative Republican, focused on the vulnerabilities of computers to fraud.[24]

In 1998, Tacoma installed Click! Network, a high-speed fiber optic network throughout the community. The municipally owned power company, Tacoma Power, wired the city. In response, the State of Washington passed RCW 54.16.330 in 2000,[25] effectively preventing further research and development of Click! Network until its repeal in 2021[26] during the COVID-19 pandemic, a period of over 20 years.

### Downtown revival

[edit]

View of Mount Rainier and the Port of Tacoma from Browns Point

Beginning in the early 1990s, city residents and planners took steps to revitalize Tacoma, particularly its downtown. Among the projects were the federal courthouse in the former Union Station (1991); Save Our Station community group; Merritt+Pardini Architect (1991); Reed & Stem Architects (1911); the adaptation of a group of century-old brick warehouses into a branch campus of the University of Washington; the numerous privately financed renovation projects near the campus; the Washington State History Museum (1996), echoing the architecture of Union Station; the Museum of Glass (2002); the Tacoma Art Museum (2003); and the region's first light-rail line (2003).[27] The glass and steel Greater Tacoma Convention Center opened in November 2004.[28] America's Car Museum was completed in late 2011 near the Tacoma Dome.

The Pantages Theater (first opened in 1918) anchors downtown Tacoma's Theatre District. Tacoma Arts Live[29] manages the Pantages, the Rialto Theater, and the Theatre on the Square. Tacoma Little Theatre (opened in 1918) is northwest of downtown in the Stadium District. Other attractions include the Grand Cinema, McMenamins Elks Temple, and the Landmark Temple Theatre.

## Geography

[edit]

Tacoma has an official elevation of 381 feet (116 m), varying between sea level and about 500 feet (150 m).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 62.34 square miles (161.46 km2), of which 49.72 square miles (128.77 km2) is land and 12.62 square miles (32.69 km2) is water.[30]

Tacoma straddles the neighboring Commencement Bay with several smaller cities surrounding it. Large areas of Tacoma have views of Mount Rainier. In the event of a major eruption of Mount Rainier, the low-lying areas of Tacoma near the Port of Tacoma are at risk from a lahar flowing down the Puyallup River.

The city is several miles north of Joint Base Lewis–McChord, formerly known separately as Fort Lewis and McChord Air Force Base.

### Architecture

[edit]

See also: National Register of Historic Places listings in Pierce County, Washington § Tacoma

Panorama of Tacoma from the McKinley neighborhood with the Tacoma Dome in the foreground and Puget Sound in the background

Tacoma is home to numerous architectural landmarks and was shaped by prominent architects such as Everett Phipps Babcock, Frederick Heath, Ambrose J. Russell, and Silas E. Nelsen. The city features two suspension bridges, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, that connect Tacoma to Gig Harbor and the Kitsap Peninsula. The collapse of the original bridge in 1940 remains a well-known case study in engineering and design. Tacoma’s historic preservation program oversees 165 city landmarks and more than 1,000 historic properties within five overlay zones. Several structures are listed on local, state, and national historic registers, including Engine House No. 9 (now a pub and microbrewery), Fireboat No. 1, and the William Ross Rust House.

Other notable sites include the Murray Morgan Bridge, a 1911 steel lift bridge across the Thea Foss Waterway, the National Realty Building, Lincoln High School, Rhodes House, Pythian Temple, Perkins Building, Tacoma Dome, and Rhodesleigh. The Luzon Building and Nihon Go Gakko school house have been demolished, and the MV Kalakala was scrapped in early 2015. University of Puget Sound, Cushman Dam No. 1, Cushman Dam No. 2, Rialto Theater, and Union Station are also noteworthy.

### Neighborhoods

[edit]

Houses on South J Street in the Hilltop neighborhood The First Presbyterian Church in the Stadium District

* Central Tacoma
* Hilltop (shared with Downtown)
* Delong Park
* The Wedge
* McCarver (shared with New Tacoma/Downtown)
* Bryant
* College Heights
* New Tacoma
* Downtown Tacoma
* St. Helens Neighborhood
* Theater District
* Central Business District
* Warehouse/Brewery District
* Thea Foss Waterway
* The McCarver Neighborhood (shared with Central Tacoma/Hilltop)
* Stadium District (shared with North Tacoma)
* Dome District
* Nalley Valley
* Port of Tacoma
* East Tacoma
* McKinley Hill
* Salishan
* Hillsdale
* Swan Creek
* Strawberry Hill
* North Tacoma
* College Park
* North Slope
* Old Tacoma
* Proctor District
* Ruston (separately incorporated)
* Ruston Way
* Sixth Ave District Tacoma, Washington[31]
* Skyline
* Stadium District (shared with Downtown)
* Westgate (shared with West Tacoma)
* Yakima Hill
* Northeast Tacoma
* Browns Point (unincorporated)
* Crescent Heights
* South End
* Fern Hill
* Lincoln International District
* Wapato
* Excelsior
* Stewart Heights
* Larchmont
* South Tacoma
* Edison
* South Park
* Manitou
* Oakland/Madrona
* Tacoma Mall
* West Tacoma
* Highlands
* Narrows
* Titlow
* Salmon Beach
* Westgate (shared with North Tacoma)

### Climate

[edit]

According to the Köppen climate classification, Tacoma has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb). The warmest months are July and August; the coldest month is December.

Climate data for Tacoma, Washington (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1982–present)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °F (°C)  | 66
(19)  | 68
(20)  | 77
(25)  | 83
(28)  | 92
(33)  | 105
(41)  | 94
(34)  | 96
(36)  | 89
(32)  | 82
(28)  | 70
(21)  | 68
(20)  | 105
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C)  | 58.2
(14.6)  | 58.8
(14.9)  | 66.1
(18.9)  | 72.6
(22.6)  | 79.8
(26.6)  | 83.0
(28.3)  | 86.7
(30.4)  | 87.4
(30.8)  | 80.6
(27.0)  | 70.8
(21.6)  | 62.6
(17.0)  | 58.2
(14.6)  | 89.4
(31.9)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)  | 48.1
(8.9)  | 50.3
(10.2)  | 54.7
(12.6)  | 59.8
(15.4)  | 66.5
(19.2)  | 71.1
(21.7)  | 76.8
(24.9)  | 76.9
(24.9)  | 70.7
(21.5)  | 60.7
(15.9)  | 52.4
(11.3)  | 47.3
(8.5)  | 61.3
(16.3)
Daily mean °F (°C)  | 42.8
(6.0)  | 43.9
(6.6)  | 47.4
(8.6)  | 51.8
(11.0)  | 57.8
(14.3)  | 62.2
(16.8)  | 67.0
(19.4)  | 66.9
(19.4)  | 61.9
(16.6)  | 53.7
(12.1)  | 46.5
(8.1)  | 42.1
(5.6)  | 53.7
(12.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)  | 37.4
(3.0)  | 37.4
(3.0)  | 40.1
(4.5)  | 43.7
(6.5)  | 49.1
(9.5)  | 53.4
(11.9)  | 57.2
(14.0)  | 57.0
(13.9)  | 53.0
(11.7)  | 46.6
(8.1)  | 40.5
(4.7)  | 36.9
(2.7)  | 46.0
(7.8)
Mean minimum °F (°C)  | 25.6
(−3.6)  | 27.2
(−2.7)  | 31.2
(−0.4)  | 35.4
(1.9)  | 41.3
(5.2)  | 47.0
(8.3)  | 50.9
(10.5)  | 50.1
(10.1)  | 44.6
(7.0)  | 35.7
(2.1)  | 28.2
(−2.1)  | 25.7
(−3.5)  | 21.9
(−5.6)
Record low °F (°C)  | 17
(−8)  | 11
(−12)  | 15
(−9)  | 29
(−2)  | 34
(1)  | 37
(3)  | 46
(8)  | 41
(5)  | 34
(1)  | 26
(−3)  | 5
(−15)  | 6
(−14)  | 5
(−15)
Average precipitation inches (mm)  | 6.03
(153)  | 4.03
(102)  | 4.38
(111)  | 3.39
(86)  | 2.00
(51)  | 1.42
(36)  | 0.55
(14)  | 0.83
(21)  | 1.57
(40)  | 4.09
(104)  | 6.50
(165)  | 6.02
(153)  | 40.81
(1,037)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 19.5  | 15.9  | 17.4  | 14.7  | 10.6  | 8.3  | 3.4  | 3.9  | 7.0  | 14.3  | 19.5  | 20.4  | 154.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 64  | 113  | 186  | 210  | 248  | 270  | 310  | 279  | 210  | 155  | 60  | 62  | 2,167
Mean daily sunshine hours | 2  | 4  | 6  | 7  | 8  | 9  | 10  | 9  | 7  | 5  | 2  | 2  | 6
Percentage possible sunshine | 22  | 39  | 50  | 51  | 53  | 57  | 65  | 63  | 56  | 46  | 22  | 23  | 46
Source: NOAA,[32][33] The Weather Channel,[34] and Weather Atlas (sun and uv)[35]

## Demographics

[edit]

Historical population Census| Pop.| Note| %±

|
|
|

1870| 73| | —
1880| 1,098| | 1,404.1%
1890| 36,006| | 3,179.2%
1900| 37,714| | 4.7%
1910| 83,743| | 122.0%
1920| 96,965| | 15.8%
1930| 106,817| | 10.2%
1940| 109,408| | 2.4%
1950| 143,673| | 31.3%
1960| 147,979| | 3.0%
1970| 154,407| | 4.3%
1980| 158,501| | 2.7%
1990| 176,664| | 11.5%
2000| 193,556| | 9.6%
2010| 198,397| | 2.5%
2020| 219,346| | 10.6%
2023 (est.)| 222,906| [4]| 1.6%
source:[36]
U.S. Decennial Census[37]
2020 Census[3]

### 2020 census

[edit]

As of the 2020 census, there were 219,346 people and 91,951 households residing in the city.

Tacoma, Washington – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[38] | Pop 2010[39] | Pop 2020[40] | % 2000  | % 2010  | % 2020

|
|
|
|
|
|

White alone (NH)  | 128,696  | 119,981  | 120,118  | 66.49%  | 60.48%  | 54.76%
Black or African American alone (NH)  | 21,187  | 21,222  | 21,708  | 10.95%  | 10.70%  | 9.90%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)  | 3,398  | 2,988  | 2,910  | 1.76%  | 1.51%  | 1.33%
Asian alone (NH)  | 14,508  | 16,013  | 19,932  | 7.50%  | 8.07%  | 9.09%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)  | 1,740  | 2,358  | 4,174  | 0.90%  | 1.19%  | 1.90%
Other race alone (NH)  | 504  | 394  | 1,399  | 0.26%  | 0.20%  | 0.64%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH)  | 10,261  | 13,051  | 20,090  | 5.30%  | 6.58%  | 9.16%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)  | 13,262  | 22,390  | 29,015  | 6.85%  | 11.29%  | 13.23%
Total | 193,556 | 198,397 | 219,346 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00%

### 2010 census

[edit]

As of the 2010 census, there were 198,397 people, 78,541 households, and 45,716 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,864.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,492.2/km2). There were 81,102 housing units at an average density of 1,619.4 per square mile (625.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 64.9% White (60.5% Non-Hispanic White), 12.2% African American, 8.2% Asian (2.1% Vietnamese, 1.6% Cambodian, 1.3% Korean, 1.3% Filipino, 0.4% Chinese, 0.4% Japanese, 0.2% Indian, 0.2% Laotian, 0.1% Thai), 1.8% Native American, 1.2% Pacific Islander (0.7% Samoan, 0.2% Guamanian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian), and 8.1% were from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 11.3% of the population (8.1% Mexican, 1.1% Puerto Rican).

There were 78,541 households, of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.8% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no spouse present, 5.6% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 41.8% were other families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.10.

The median age in the city was 35.1 years. 23% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.6% were from 25 to 44; 25.3% were from 45 to 64; and 11.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.

### 2000 census

[edit]

As of the 2000 census, there were 193,556 people, 76,152 households, and 45,919 families residing in the city. The median income for a household in the city was $37,879, and the median income for a family was $45,567. Males had a median income of $35,820, versus $27,697 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,130. About 11.4% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.6% of those under the age of 18 and 10.9% of those 65 and older.

### Crime

[edit]

Tacoma

Crime rates* (2022)
Violent crimes
Homicide| 41
Rape| 147
Robbery| 752
Aggravated assault| 2,661
Total violent crime| 3,601
Property crimes
Burglary| 2,365
Larceny-theft| 11,027
Motor vehicle theft| 5,582
Arson| 243
Total property crime| 19,217

Notes

*Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population.

2022 population: 221,776

Source: 2022 FBI UCR Data

According to Uniform Crime Report statistics compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 2022, there were 3,601 violent crimes and 19,217 property crimes, for 221,776 residents. Of these, the violent crimes consisted of 147 forcible rapes, 41 murders, 752 robberies and 2,661 aggravated assaults, while 2,365 burglaries, 11,027 larceny-thefts, 5,582 motor vehicle thefts and 243 instances of arson defined the property offenses.

Tacoma's Hilltop neighborhood struggled with crime in the 1980s and early 1990s. The beginning of the 21st century has seen a marked reduction in crime, while neighborhoods have enacted community policing and other policies.[41]

Bill Baarsma (mayor, 2002–2010) was a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition,[42] a bi-partisan group with the goal of "making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets".

Starting in 2020, during the pandemic, Tacoma's crime started to rise again. In 2022, the city of Tacoma had the highest number of murders in its recorded history, at 45 murders,[43] which dropped to 34 in 2023.[44]

## Economy

[edit]

The Port of Tacoma on Commencement Bay is one of the largest seaports in the Pacific Northwest.

Tacoma is the home of several international companies, including staffing company True Blue Inc., lumber company Simpson, and the food companies Roman Meal and Brown and Haley. Frank C. Mars founded Mars, Incorporated, in 1911 in Tacoma.

Beginning in the 1930s, the city became known for the "Tacoma Aroma", a distinctive, acrid odor produced by pulp and paper manufacturing on the industrial tide flats. In the late 1990s, Simpson Tacoma Kraft reduced total sulfur emissions by 90%. This largely eliminated the problem; where once the odor was ever-present, it is now only noticeable occasionally downtown, primarily when the wind is coming from the east. The mill produces pulpwood and linerboard products; previously owned by St. Regis Company,[45] the mill was sold to RockTenn in 2014.[46] The mill's name changed yet again in 2016 to WestRock and closed on September 30, 2023.[47]

U.S. Oil and Refining operates an oil refinery on the tide flats in the Port of Tacoma. Built 73 years ago in Tacoma in 1952, it refines 39,000 barrels of petroleum per day.

The Tacoma Mall is the largest shopping center in Tacoma. It is owned by Simon Property Group. Anchor tenants include JC Penney, Macy's, and Nordstrom.

An economic setback for the city occurred in September 2009 when Russell Investments, which had been in downtown Tacoma since its inception in 1936, announced it was moving its headquarters to Seattle along with several hundred white-collar jobs.[48] A large regional office for State Farm occupied the building until 2018 when the building was purchased by the 909 Destiny Fund LLC. The building reopened as a multi-tenant Class A property. The anchor tenant is TOTE Alaska, which announced in 2019 that it would be relocating its Federal Way headquarters to the 909 A Street building's top two floors.[49]

Hospitals in Tacoma are operated by MultiCare Health System and Franciscan Health System. Hospitals include MultiCare Tacoma General Hospital, Mary Bridge Children's Hospital, MultiCare Allenmore Hospital and St. Joseph Medical Center. The Tacoma–Pierce County Health Department manages public health initiatives across the city and county.

### Top employers

[edit]

According to the city's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[50] the largest employers in the city are:

#  | Employer  | Type of Business  | # of Employees  | Percentage

|
|
|
|

1  | Joint Base Lewis–McChord | Military  | 54,000  | 5.7%
2  | MultiCare Health System | Health Care  | 8,264  | 0.9%
3  | State of Washington | Government  | 7,859  | 0.8%
4  | CHI Franciscan Health | Health Care  | 5,682  | 0.6%
5  | Tacoma Public Schools | Education  | 3,649  | 0.4%
6  | City of Tacoma  | Government  | 3,623  | 0.4%
7  | Pierce County | Government  | 3,304  | 0.3%
8  | Puyallup School District | Education  | 2,711  | 0.3%
9  | Bethel School District | Education  | 2,689  | 0.3%
10  | Safeway and Albertsons | Retail Grocery  | 2,153  | 0.2%
—  | Total employers | —  | 93,934 | 9.9%

## Arts and culture

[edit]

Tacoma's Pantages Theater, a remnant of the vaudeville circuit founded by Alexander Pantages

Tacoma adopted a percent for art ordinance in 1975, allocating one percent of construction costs from major public projects to public art. Though initially managed by the Tacoma Arts Commission, the program was repealed in 1985 following controversy over the use of neon art in the Tacoma Dome.[51][52] It remained largely unenforced for years, despite the city acquiring 136 public artworks by 1986.[53] The program was reinstated in March 2000.[54][55]

A hub for arts and heritage, Tacoma's Museum District includes the Museum of Glass, known for its steel cone hot shop and pedestrian Bridge of Glass featuring works by local glass artist Dale Chihuly. Nearby, the America's Car Museum, opened in 2012, showcases over 300 vehicles and includes "Lucky's Garage," a tribute to Harold LeMay's extensive collection. Founded in 1935, the Tacoma Art Museum moved into a new Pacific Avenue building in 2003, forming a core part of the Museum District alongside the Museum of Glass and the Washington State History Museum. The Foss Waterway Seaport offers hands-on exhibits, a working boat shop, moorage, and the region's largest maritime collection.[56]

Fort Nisqually, originally a Hudson's Bay Company fur trading post established in 1833, was reconstructed in the 1930s and now offers a living history experience at its new site in Point Defiance Park. Two original structures, the Factor's House and Granary, were preserved and donated by local citizens.[57] The Buffalo Soldiers Museum highlights the stories of African American soldiers who served in the American West. It is one of only two museums in the U.S. dedicated solely to the Buffalo Soldiers, the other being in Houston.[58] The Washington State History Museum, operated by the Washington State Historical Society, partners with communities to explore state history.[59] Nearby, the Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium, the only combined zoo and aquarium in the Pacific Northwest, is accredited by the Association of Zoos & Aquariums and sits within Point Defiance Park, offering views of Mount Rainier and Puget Sound.[60]

Tacoma Arts Live operates three theaters, two listed on the National Register of Historic Places. These venues host local institutions including the Tacoma Opera, Symphony Orchestra, City Ballet, Northwest Sinfonietta, and Youth Symphony, among others. Annual events include the Tacoma Film Festival at the Grand Cinema, the Daffodil Parade, and seasonal farmers' markets in the Theatre District and Proctor District.[61] Tacoma also made history as the site of the first modern legal marijuana farmers' market and one of the nation's first needle and syringe programmes.[62][63][64] Shakespeare in the Parking Lot performs the works of William Shakespeare in non-traditional venues and provides theatre education[65]

## Sports

[edit]

Team  | Sport  | League  | Founded  | Venue

|
|
|
|

Tacoma Rainiers | Baseball | Pacific Coast League | 1960 | Cheney Stadium
Tacoma Defiance | Soccer | MLS Next Pro | 2014 | Cheney Stadium
Tacoma Stars | Indoor Soccer | Major Arena Soccer League | 2003 | ShoWare Center (Kent)
Cheney Stadium is home to the Tacoma Rainiers minor league baseball team.

The Tacoma Dome is the city's main sports venue and opened in 1983. It hosts traveling sports and other events, such as pro-wrestling, figure-skating tours, and tours by the Harlem Globetrotters. For the 1994–95 season, the Tacoma Dome hosted home games of both the National Basketball Association's Seattle SuperSonics (as the Seattle Center Coliseum was under renovation) and the American Professional Soccer League's Seattle Sounders. The Tacoma Dome also hosted the 1988 and 1989 Women's NCAA Final Four.[66]

The city has hosted several now-defunct minor-league hockey franchises. The original Tacoma Rockets played in the Pacific Coast Hockey League from 1946 to 1953. The Rockets were resurrected in the Western Hockey League in 1991 at the Tacoma Dome to record crowds, before moving to Kelowna, British Columbia in 1995. Filling this void, the Tacoma Sabercats formed in the now-defunct West Coast Hockey League in 1997, winning a title in 1999, and closed their doors in 2002 for financial reasons.

Cheney Stadium is home to the Tacoma Rainiers, a AAA minor league baseball team affiliated with the nearby Seattle Mariners since 1995. Minor-league baseball in the city began with the 1903–05 Tacoma Tigers of the then-independent Pacific Coast League (PCL), who were resurrected in the Western International League and played from 1922 until 1951, winning three titles.[67] Following the construction of Cheney Stadium, the Tacoma Giants returned to the PCL in 1960 and were later renamed to the Rainiers.[68] Both the Tacoma Dome and Cheney Stadium hosted events during the 1990 Goodwill Games, an international multi-sport competition.[69]

Tacoma has also had a long history with soccer. In men's outdoor soccer, the city is currently represented in the third-division MLS Next Pro by the Tacoma Defiance, reserve team of MLS's Seattle Sounders FC. The Defiance were founded in 2015 in the USL Championship in nearby Tukwila, Washington, but have been operated jointly with the Rainiers out of Cheney Stadium since 2019. The city's first professional soccer team were the Tacoma Tides, who played one season in 1976 in the American Soccer League. This team was resurrected in 2006 as the Tacoma Tide in the USL PDL, playing primarily in nearby Sumner, Washington. The Tide were folded into the Sounders organization as their U-23 team in 2012, and played until folding in 2019.

In women's outdoor soccer, Reign FC of the National Women's Soccer League played their home games at Cheney Stadium during the 2019, 2020, and 2021 seasons.[70] The Reign considered plans to build a soccer-specific stadium in Tacoma, but ultimately returned to Seattle in 2022.[71][72]

In 1983, Tacoma's entry into indoor soccer, the Tacoma Stars, began play in the Tacoma Dome as part of the Major Indoor Soccer League. The original Stars folded in 1992, but were reformed in 2003 in the Professional Arena Soccer League. Since 2015, the new Stars have played in the Major Arena Soccer League at the ShoWare Center in nearby Kent, Washington.

Tacoma is home to the all-female flat track roller derby league Dockyard Derby Dames, which fields an away team.[73] Many golf clubs and courses are located in Tacoma including Lake Spanaway Golf Course.[74]

## Parks and recreation

[edit]

Owen Beach at Point Defiance Park

Parks and recreation services in and around Tacoma are governed by Metro Parks Tacoma, a municipal corporation established as a separate entity from the city government in 1907. Metro Parks maintains over fifty parks and open spaces in Tacoma.[75]

Point Defiance Park, one of the largest urban parks in the country (at 700 acres), is in Tacoma.[76] Scenic Five-Mile Drive allows access to many of the park's attractions, such as Owen Beach, Fort Nisqually, old growth forest trails, and the Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium (PDZA). There are many historic structures within the park, including the Pagoda, which was originally built as a streetcar waiting room. It was restored in 1988 and now serves as a rental facility for weddings and private parties.[77] The Pagoda was nearly destroyed by fire on August 15, 2011.[78] Repair work began immediately after the fire and continued until January 2013, at which time the Pagoda was reopened for public use.

Ruston Way is a waterfront area along Commencement Bay north of downtown Tacoma that hosts several public parks connected by a multi-use trail and interspersed with restaurants and other businesses. Public parks along Ruston Way include Jack Hyde Park, Old Town Dock, Hamilton Park, Dickman Mill Park, Les Davis Pier, Marine Park, and Cummings Park.[79] The trail is used by walkers, runners, cyclists, and other recreationalists. There are several beaches along Ruston Way with public access, some of which are also popular for scuba diving.[citation needed]

Another large park in Tacoma is Wapato Park, which has a lake and walking trails that circle the lake. Wapato is in Tacoma's south end, at Sheridan and 72nd St.

Titlow Beach, at the end of 6th Avenue, is also a scuba diving area.

Wright Park

Wright Park, near downtown, is a large, English-style park designed in the late 19th century by Edward Otto Schwagerl and Ebenezer Rhys Roberts. It contains Wright Park Arboretum and the W. W. Seymour Botanical Conservatory. This historic park is also the home of local festivals such as Ethnic Fest,[80] Out in the Park (Tacoma's Pride festival[81]), and the Tacoma Hempfest (Tacoma's annual gathering advocating decriminalization of marijuana).

Jefferson Park in North Tacoma is the location of a new sprayground, an area designed to be a safe and unique play area where water is sprayed from structures or ground sprays and then drained away before it can accumulate.

Frost Park in downtown Tacoma is often utilized for sidewalk chalk contests. Don Pugnetti Park was the site of an Occupy Wall Street encampment.

In response to the Tacoma area's growing dog population and stricter leash laws in many areas, dog parks have begun to be established. Rogers Off-Leash Dog Park is a metro public park established in 1949.[82]

## Government

[edit]

See also: List of mayors of Tacoma, Washington

Old City Hall

The government of Tacoma operates under a council–manager government. The Tacoma City Council consists of an elected mayor and eight elected council members: five from individual city council districts and three others from the city at-large. All serve four-year terms and are elected in odd-numbered years. Victoria Woodards began her term as mayor of Tacoma on January 2, 2018. She is Tacoma's third African-American mayor and third female mayor, and the second African-American female mayor. The council adopts and amends city laws, approves a two-year budget, establishes city policy, appoints citizens to boards and commissions, and performs other actions. The council also meets in "standing committees", which examine the council's work in more defined areas, such as "Environment & Public Works", "Neighborhoods & Housing", and "Public Safety, Human Services & Education". The council meets as a whole most Tuesdays at 5:00 p.m. in the council chambers at 747 Market St. Meetings are open to the public and provide for public input.

Normal day-to-day operations of the city government are administered by Tacoma's city manager, who is appointed by the city council. Elizabeth Pauli was appointed Interim City Manager on February 6, 2017.[83][84] She replaced former manager T. C. Broadnax, who was appointed to the office in January 2012[85] and left in 2017 to become the city manager of Dallas, Texas.[86]

At the federal level, Tacoma is part of two congressional districts. The western and northern portions of the city are part of the 6th District, represented by Emily Randall. The eastern portion is in the 10th District, represented by former Tacoma mayor Marilyn Strickland.[87]

## Education

[edit]

Stadium High School

The majority of Tacoma is within the boundaries of Tacoma Public Schools.[88] The district contains 36 elementary schools, eleven middle schools, and 10 high schools, including three non-traditional high schools (SAMi, SOTA, and iDEA) and two alternative high schools (Oakland and Willie Stewart Academy). Tacoma is also home to three charter public schools: SOAR Academy (elementary), Green Dot Destiny (middle) and Summit Olympus (high) school.[89]

Henry Foss High School operates an International Baccalaureate program. Sheridan Elementary School operated three foreign-language immersion programs (Spanish, French, and Japanese). Mount Tahoma High School opened a new building in South Tacoma in the fall of 2004. Stadium High School and Wilson High School were remodeled/refurbished and reopened in September 2006. Tacoma School of the Arts, opened in 2001 in downtown Tacoma, is a public arts-focused high school and is one of the nation's first schools to implement standards-based instruction. In 2009, SOTA's staff expanded to a second, STEM-based high school located in Point Defiance Park, the Science and Math Institute (SAMI). In 2017, the school district opened a third non-traditional high school in the same vein as SAMI and SOTA, called iDEA (Industrial Design, Engineering, and Art) in south Tacoma. Lincoln High School reopened in the fall of 2007 after a $75 million renovation and expansion.[90][91]

University of Puget Sound campus

Other school districts with territory covering parts of Tacoma are Clover Park School District, Fife Public Schools, Franklin Pierce School District, and University Place School District.[88] The area also has numerous private schools, including Evergreen Lutheran High School, the Annie Wright Schools, Bellarmine Preparatory School, Life Christian Academy, Charles Wright Academy, Covenant High School, and Parkland Lutheran School.

Tacoma's institutions of higher learning include the University of Puget Sound, Tacoma Community College, City University of Seattle-Tacoma, Bates Technical College, Corban University School of Ministry/Tacoma Campus, as well as satellite campuses of The Evergreen State College and the University of Washington. Pacific Lutheran University is in Parkland, just south of the city; nearby Lakewood is the home of Clover Park Technical College and Pierce College.

## Media

[edit]

The city's daily newspaper is The News Tribune, which has a circulation of about 85,000 (100,000 on Sundays), making it the state's third-largest newspaper. The News Tribune was first published on June 17, 1918, as the result of a merger between two competing daily newspapers: The Daily News, started in 1883;[a] and The Tacoma Daily Tribune, started in 1908.[92] The newspaper remained under local ownership until 1986, when it was sold to McClatchy Newspapers.[93] The E. W. Scripps Company published a competing daily, The Tacoma Times, from 1903 to 1949.[92] Other local newspapers include the Tacoma Weekly,[94] the legal paper Tacoma Daily Index,[95] and the alternative newsweekly Weekly Volcano.[96] The University of Washington Tacoma is served by The Ledger, a weekly student newspaper.[97]

Tacoma's media market is shared with Seattle. Four television stations are licensed to the city: KCPQ 13 (Fox), KSTW 11 (Independent), KTBW-TV 20 (TBN), and KWDK 56 (Daystar); with the exception of KSTW, all stations are owned-and-operated by their respective networks.[98][99] Bates Technical College owns the city's PBS member station, KBTC-TV 28, which serves as the market's secondary PBS station. The city government also runs its own government-access television station, TV Tacoma, broadcasting its meetings and other local affairs.[100]

Nine radio stations are licensed to Tacoma, with two AM stations and seven FM stations; the latter includes NPR affiliates KNKX and KVTI.[98][99] KNKX was owned and operated by Pacific Lutheran University as KPLU-FM until 2016, when public outcry over a planned sale of the station to the University of Washington resulted in its transition to a community licensee instead; KVTI, owned by Clover Park Technical College, was run by college students until its operation was outsourced to Northwest Public Broadcasting of Washington State University in 2010.[101][102] Another station involved in campus radio is KUPS, which is run by students at the University of Puget Sound.[103]

## Transportation

[edit]

Tacoma Narrows Bridge

Tacoma's system of transportation is based primarily on the automobile. The majority of the city has a system of gridded streets oriented in relation to A Street (one block east of Pacific Avenue) and 6th Avenue or Division Avenue, both beginning in downtown Tacoma. Within the city, and with a few exceptions, east-to-west streets are numbered and north-to-south streets are given a name or a letter. Some east-to-west streets are also given names, such as S. Center St. and N. Westgate Blvd. Streets are generally labeled "North", "South", "East", or "North East" according to their relationship with 6th Avenue or Division Avenue (west of 'Division Ave', '6th Avenue' is the lowest-numbered street, making it the dividing street between "North" and "South"), 'A Street' (which is the dividing line between "East" and "South"), or 1st Street NE (which is the dividing line between "East" and "North East"). This can lead to confusion, as most named streets intersect streets of the same number in both north and south Tacoma. For example, the intersection of South 11th Street and South Union Avenue is just ten blocks south of North 11th Street and North Union Avenue.

To the east of the Thea Foss waterway and 'A Street', streets are similarly divided into "East" and "Northeast", with 1st Street NE being in-line with the Pierce–King county line. "North East" covers a small wedge of Tacoma and unincorporated Pierce County (around Browns Point and Dash Point) lying on the hill across the tideflats from downtown. Tacoma does have some major roads which do not seem to follow any naming rules. These roads include Schuster Pkwy, Pacific Ave, Puyallup Ave, Tacoma Mall Blvd, Marine View Dr (SR 509), and Northshore Pkwy. Tacoma also has some major roads which appear to change names in different areas (most notable are Tyler St/Stevens St, Oakes St/Pine St/Cedar St/Alder St, and S. 72nd St/S. 74th St). These major arterials actually shift over to align with other roads, which causes them to have the name changed.

This numeric system extends to the furthest reaches of unincorporated Pierce County (with roads outside of the city carrying "East", "West", "North West", and "South West", except on the Key Peninsula, which retains the north–south streets but chooses the Pierce–Kitsap county line as the zero point for east–west streets. Until 2018, Key Peninsula's roads also carried a "KP N" or "KP S" ("Key Peninsula North" or "Key Peninsula South") designation at the end of the street name. From 2018, these designations have switched to "NW" and "SW" respectively.

In portions of the city dating back to the Tacoma Streetcar Period (1888–1938), denser mixed-use business districts exist alongside single family homes. Twelve such districts have active, city-recognized business associations and hold "small town"-style parades and other festivals. The Proctor District, Tacoma, Old Town, Dome, 6th Avenue, Stadium, Lincoln Business District, and South Tacoma Business Districts are some of the more prominent of these and coordinate their efforts to redevelop urban villages through the Cross District Association of Tacoma.[104] In newer portions of the city to the west and south, residential culs-de-sac, four-lane collector roads and indoor shopping centers are more commonplace.

### Roads and highways

[edit]

Seven highways end in or pass through Tacoma: I-5, I-705, SR 7, SR 16, SR 163, SR 167, and SR 509.[105]

The dominant intercity transportation link between Tacoma and other parts of the Puget Sound is Interstate 5, which links Tacoma with Seattle to the north and Portland, Oregon, to the south. It bisects the city for 6.5 miles (10.5 km) and has several overpasses for pedestrians and cross-traffic.[106] State Route 16 runs along a concrete viaduct through Tacoma's Nalley Valley, connecting Interstate 5 with Central and West Tacoma, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, and the Kitsap Peninsula.

### Public transportation

[edit]

The T Line at Union Station/South 19th Street station

Tacoma has a public transportation network that includes buses, commuter rail, light rail, and ferries.[107] Public bus service is primarily provided by Pierce Transit, which serves Tacoma and most of urban Pierce County. Pierce Transit operates 38 bus routes[107]: 12–97  using a fleet of more than 200 buses powered by compressed natural gas, diesel, and electric batteries.[108] Bus service generally operates at 30–60 minute frequencies on weekdays; prior to service cuts in 2021, several trunk routes had service every 15 to 20 minutes on weekdays.[109][110] The busiest Pierce Transit bus route, serving the Pacific Avenue corridor, was planned to be upgraded into a bus rapid transit line by 2022, at a cost of $150 million. Significant cost increases during the COVID-19 pandemic caused Pierce Transit to pause the construction of the bus rapid transit line, named the Stream Community Line, and instead launch a limited-stop "enhanced bus" on the corridor in 2024.[111][112]

The city's main train and bus station is Tacoma Dome Station, a multimodal hub near the Tacoma Dome southeast of downtown. The station is also served by Sounder commuter rail trains to Seattle and intercity Amtrak trains on both the Cascades and Coast Starlight.[113] Sound Transit, the regional transit authority, operates Sounder, the T Line (part of the Link light rail system), and daily Sound Transit Express bus service to and from Seattle. The T Line connects Tacoma Dome Station to Downtown Tacoma, the University of Washington campus, and the Hilltop neighborhood.[114] Sound Transit plans to extend the Tacoma Link light rail further west towards Tacoma Community College along South 19th Street by 2039 or 2041.[115]

The Washington State Ferries system, which has a dock at Point Defiance, provides automobile ferry access to Tahlequah at the southern tip of Vashon Island. Proposals for a passenger-only ferry linking Downtown Tacoma to Seattle have been studied since the 2010s but remain unrealized.[116]

### Aviation

[edit]

Seattle–Tacoma International Airport lies 22 miles (35 km) north, in the city of SeaTac. The city of Tacoma contributed $100,000 to the airport's construction, in return for it being constructed at Bow Lake. The other proposed location near Lake Sammamish is much further from Tacoma, while Bow Lake is halfway between Seattle and Tacoma.[117]

A seaplane service with tours of the Tacoma area is operated by Kenmore Air from a dock near Old Town. It was started in August 2023 as part of a partnership with the Puyallup Tribe; Kenmore also plans to offer flights from the dock to other destinations in the region.[118]

## Utilities

[edit]

Tacoma's relationship with public utilities extends back to 1893. At that time the city was undergoing a boom in population, causing it to exceed the available amount of fresh water supplied by Charles B. Wright's Tacoma Light & Water Company. In response to both this demand and a growing desire to have local public control over the utility system, the city council put up a public vote to acquire and expand the private utility. The measure passed on July 1, 1893, with 3,195 in favor of acquiring the utility system and 1,956 voting against. Since then, Tacoma Public Utilities (TPU) has grown from a small water and light utility to be the largest department in the city's government, employing about 1,200 people.

Tacoma Power, a division of TPU, provides residents of Tacoma and several bordering municipalities with electrical power generated by eight hydroelectric dams on the Skokomish River and elsewhere. Environmentalists, fishermen, and the Skokomish Tribe have criticized TPU's operation of Cushman Dam on the North Fork of the Skokomish River; the tribe's $6 billion claim[119] was denied by the U.S. Supreme court[120] in January 2006. The capacity of Tacoma's hydroelectric system as of 2004 was 713,000 kilowatts, or about 50% of the demand made up by TPU's customers (the rest is purchased from other utilities). According to TPU, hydroelectricity provides about 87% of Tacoma's power; coal 3%; natural gas 1%; nuclear 9%; and biomass and wind at less than 1%. Tacoma Power also operates the Click! Network, a municipally owned cable television and internet service. The residential cost per kilowatt hour of electricity is just over 6 cents.

Tacoma Water provides customers in its service area with water from the Green River Watershed. As of 2004, Tacoma Water provided water services to 93,903 customers. The average annual cost for residential supply was $257.84.

Tacoma Rail, initially a municipally owned street railway line running to the tideflats, was converted to a common-carrier rail switching utility. Tacoma Rail is self-supporting and employs over 90 people.

In addition to municipal garbage collection, Tacoma offers commingled recycling services for paper, cardboard, plastics, and metals.

## Notable people

[edit]

See also: Category:People from Tacoma, Washington

* Pat Austin, drag racer[121]
* Zach Banner, NFL player[122]
* Calvin S. Barlow, Tacoma pioneer
* Alice D. Engley Beek, painter
* Tucker Bone, soccer player[123]
* Avery Bradley, NBA player[124]
* Richard Brautigan, novelist, poet, and short story writer[125]
* Jeff Brotman, attorney[126]
* Brandon Brown (born 1989), basketball player for Hapoel Jerusalem of the Israeli Basketball Premier League
* Angela Warnick Buchdahl (born 1972), rabbi[127]
* Ted Bundy, serial killer [128]
* Jose Calugas, Medal of Honor recipient[129]
* Dyan Cannon, actress[130]
* Jerry Cantrell, guitarist
* Neko Case, musician[131]
* Dale Chihuly, glass sculptor[132]
* Pat Comfort, politician
* Robert Cray, guitarist and singer[133]
* Bing Crosby, singer and actor[134]
* Elinor Donahue, actress[135]
* Joseph Edward Duncan, serial killer and child molester[136]
* Clinton P. Ferry, Tacoma pioneer and founder, known as the Duke of Tacoma
* Malachi Flynn, basketball player for the Detroit Pistons
* David Friesen, musician
* Abdul Gaddy, basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
* Kathryn O. Galbraith, writer of children's books
* Cam Gigandet, actor
* Frank Herbert, author
* Abby Williams Hill, artist[137]
* Eleanor Janega, medieval historian, author, broadcaster
* Jo Koy, comedian
* Ron Magden, historian[138]
* Gary Larson, cartoonist[139]
* John Lippman, television executive and the acting director of Voice of America
* Lawyer Milloy, New England Patriots/ Seattle Seahawks, Super Bowl Champion[140]
* KC Montero, actor
* Pamela Reed, actress
* Kelee Ringo, college football player for the Georgia Bulldogs[141]
* Darrell Robinson, track and field athlete[142]
* John Henry Ryan, businessman, newspaperman, and state legislator
* Homer Screws, former professional soccer player, and now coach
* Jessica Spring American letterpress printer, book artist[143]
* Courtney Stodden, media personality
* Swerve Strickland, Professional Wrestler[144]
* Lucy Stedman Lamson, businesswoman, educator
* Jeff Stock, soccer player and businessman[145]
* Michael Swango, serial killer[146]
* Miesha Tate, MMA Champion[147]
* Isaiah Thomas, NBA player[148]
* Aaron Titlow, lawyer, politician, and real estate developer; the original owner of Titlow Beach[149]
* Desmond Trufant, NFL player[150]
* Blair Underwood, actor[151]
* Jessica Wallenfels, actress, choreographer, and movement/theatre director

## Sister cities

[edit]

Tacoma's sister cities are:[152]

* Kitakyushu, Japan (1959)
* Gunsan, South Korea (1978)
* Ålesund, Norway (1986)
* Vladivostok, Russia (1992)
* Fuzhou, China (1994)
* Davao City, Philippines (1994)
* George, South Africa (1997)
* Cienfuegos, Cuba (2000)
* Taichung, Taiwan (2000)
* El Jadida, Morocco (2007)
* Biot, France (2012)
* Boca del Río, Mexico (2016)
* Brovary, Ukraine (2017)

## See also

[edit]

* United States portal
* Pacific Northwest portal

* Aroma of Tacoma
* Tacoma Public Library
* Urban Grace Church
* USS Tacoma, 4 ships

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ The News was first published as a weekly in 1881 and became a daily in 1883.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Tacoma, Washington
2. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
3. ^ a b c "Explore Census Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
4. ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 20,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2023 Population: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. May 2024. Retrieved December 23, 2024.
5. ^ "Zip Code Lookup". USPS. Retrieved January 5, 2024.
6. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
7. ^ "Job Carr Cabin Museum". Job Carr Cabin Museum.
8. ^ Gallacci, Caroline Denyer (2001). The City of Destiny and the South Sound: An Illustrated History of Tacoma and Pierce County. Carlsbad, California: Heritage Media Corp. p. 49.
9. ^ a b Hermida, Arianne. "IWW Yearbook 1907". IWW History Project. University of Washington. Archived from the original on June 1, 2016. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
10. ^ "To Whom It May Concern". Industrial Union Bulletin. Vol. 1, no. 20\. July 13, 1907. p. 2.
11. ^ "The Strike at Tacoma". Industrial Union Bulletin. Vol. 1, no. 12\. May 18, 1907. p. 2.
12. ^ "Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List". www.silentera.com.
13. ^ a b Stover, Karla (2012). Hidden History of Tacoma: Little-Known Tales from the City of Destiny. Charleston, SC: The History Press. p. 125\. ISBN 978-1-60949-470-4.
14. ^ Hollywood-on-the-Tide flats, 1938. Richard Studio Collection, Northwest Room Tacoma Public Library, Tacoma, WA.
15. ^ "U.S.S. Lexington provides electricity to Tacoma beginning about on December 17, 1929". HistoryLink.org.
16. ^ In late 1929, Tacoma had no electricity; the USS Lexington brought the power Archived June 30, 2013, at archive.today
17. ^ Mullins, William H. (1991). The Depression and the Urban West Coast, 1929–1933: Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and Portland. Indiana. Indiana University Press.
18. ^ Schmid, Calvin F. (1944). "Social Trends in Seattle, 1944" (PDF). University of Washington Publications in the Social Sciences. 14: 286–293.
19. ^ a b c d e Tacoma News Tribune. Tacoma Hooverville Archive, September 4, 1940 – July 24, 1974. Northwest Room Special Collections and Archives, Tacoma Public Library. Tacoma, Washington.
20. ^ a b c d e Tacoma Daily Ledger. Tacoma Hooverville Archive, July 18, 1924 – September 4, 1940. Northwest Room Special Collections and Archives, Tacoma Public Library. Tacoma, Washington.
21. ^ "Famous Cases: The Weyerhaeuser Kidnapping". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Archived from the original on March 12, 2008. Retrieved March 27, 2008.
22. ^ Anderson, Hilary. "A Tale of Two Shantytowns." Columbia: The Magazine of Northwest History 26, no. 2 (Summer 2012): 10-14. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost.
23. ^ Erik Hanberg, An Exercise in Hope, Faith, Vision, and Guts Archived December 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Weekly Volcano (Tacoma), December 24, 2008. Accessed online December 4, 2009.
24. ^ Dugger, Ronnie (November 7, 1988). "Counting Votes". New Yorker.
25. ^ "SUBSTITUTE SENATE BILL 6685, WA 56th Legislature, 2000 Regular Session" (PDF).
26. ^ "ENGROSSED SUBSTITUTE HOUSE BILL 1336, WA 67th Legislature, 2021 Regular Session" (PDF).
27. ^ Lawrence W. Cheek, On Architecture: Tacoma's downtown renaissance stumbles with the bland Marriott Courtyard, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, April 5, 2005. Accessed online December 5, 2009.
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37. ^ United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved July 25, 2014.
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39. ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Tacoma city, Washington". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
40. ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Tacoman city, Washington". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
41. ^ Robinson, Sean (September 27, 2009). "Ash Street shootout: The night that changed Tacoma's Hilltop". The News Tribune. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013.
42. ^ "Mayors Against Illegal Guns: Coalition Members". Archived from the original on February 19, 2008. Retrieved March 27, 2008.
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44. ^ Bsanti, Puneet (January 15, 2024). "Tacoma hit its highest tally of homicides two years ago. 2023 saw a turnaround". Tacoma News Tribune. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
45. ^ "3 pulp mills ask compliance extension". Spokane Daily Chronicle. (Washington). Associated Press. November 29, 1972. p. 23.
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48. ^ "Russell Investments will leave Tacoma for Seattle". Everett Herald. Associated Press. September 9, 2009. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
49. ^ Peterson, Blake (March 4, 2021). "Tacoma's 909 a Street Building Starts its Second Act". South Sound Business. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
50. ^ "City of Tacoma 2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report" (PDF). January 5, 2024. p. 286.
51. ^ Tucker, Cheryl (April 22, 1984). "1% for Art: Whether you love it or loathe it, it's helping local artists and business". The News Tribune. p. E1. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
52. ^ Duncan, Don (November 14, 1985). "Tacoma voters brush aside ordinance requiring spending on art". The Seattle Times. p. B5.
53. ^ "Free: View 136 pieces of public art in Tacoma". The News Tribune. June 20, 1986. pp. 10–11.
54. ^ Graves, Jen (March 8, 2000). "Tacoma restores 1 percent for art". The News Tribune. p. B1. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
55. ^ "Public Art". City of Tacoma. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
56. ^ "About | Foss Waterway Seaport". www.fosswaterwayseaport.org. Retrieved April 17, 2024.
57. ^ "FORT NISQUALLY".
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59. ^ "About". Washington State Historical Society.
60. ^ "About Us at Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium: team, mission, vision, history". Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium. Retrieved April 17, 2024.
61. ^ Sherred, Kristine (June 12, 2024). "Here are 13 farmers markets in Pierce, Thurston counties for local produce, bite of lunch". The News Tribune. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
62. ^ "Tacoma Cannabis Farmers Market", Farmer's Market Online. Retrieved January 27, 2013.
63. ^ "About Us" Archived January 29, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Cannabis Farmer's Market. Retrieved January 27, 2013.
64. ^ Sherman, Susan G.; Purchase, Dave (April 1, 2001). "Point Defiance: a case study of the United States' first public needle exchange in Tacoma, Washington". International Journal of Drug Policy. 12 (1): 45–57\. doi:10.1016/S0955-3959(00)00074-8. ISSN 0955-3959. PMID 11275503.
65. ^ Ponnekanti, Rosemary (November 11, 2006). "Parking Lot provides creatively corporate 'Hamlet'". The News Tribune. p. E9. Retrieved December 15, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
66. ^ Jasmin, Ernest A. (April 13, 2003). "A nice, round 20". The News Tribune. pp. D1, D5. Retrieved December 29, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
67. ^ McGarth, John (May 24, 1999). "Tacoma to thank Clay for many feats". The News Tribune. p. D1.
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69. ^ Hallenbeck, Mark (May 1991). Traffic Impacts During the Goodwill Games (PDF) (Report). Washington State Department of Transportation. pp. 1, 10–13. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
70. ^ Baker, Geoff (January 30, 2019). "Reign FC announces immediate move to Tacoma, dropping Seattle from name". The Seattle Times. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
71. ^ Reichard, Kevin (January 30, 2019). "Seattle Reign FC to Tacoma; Tacoma Defiance New USL Brand". Soccer Stadium Digest. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
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73. ^ Means, Sean P. (October 4, 2010). "Roller derby update: Big in Boise". Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on October 21, 2014. Retrieved December 29, 2022.
74. ^ "USA Winter Cross Country National Championships". pntf.org. Retrieved September 8, 2018.
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79. ^ "Metro Parks Tacoma".
80. ^ MetroParksTacoma – Ethnic Fest
81. ^ TacomaPride – Pride Festival
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83. ^ Ruud, Candice. "Tacoma council picks longtime city attorney as interim city manager". The News Tribune. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
84. ^ "City Manager Executive Profile". City of Tacoma. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
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86. ^ Martinez, Krystina. "New City Manager T. C. Broadnax Says 'It's A Great Time' To Come To Dallas". KERA. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
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90. ^ "History intact at renovated Lincoln High". The News Tribune. March 22, 2007. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved March 27, 2008.
91. ^ "It's awesome, say Abes". The News Tribune. September 16, 2007. Archived from the original on September 19, 2012.
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93. ^ McDermott, Terry (June 19, 1986). "Jobs at Tacoma paper up in the air". The Seattle Times. p. C1.
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95. ^ "David Black's empire". The Seattle Times. January 21, 2007. p. F5.
96. ^ "Poster artists, music group, paper win city recognition". The News Tribune. September 30, 2007. p. E4. Retrieved March 12, 2024 – via NewsBank.
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98. ^ a b "Facilities Search Results". Licensing and Management System. Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
99. ^ a b "Tacoma - Search Results". FCC Public Inspection Files. Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
100. ^ "TV Tacoma". City of Tacoma. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
101. ^ Kiley, Brendan (August 31, 2016). "KPLU officially begins broadcasting as KNKX". The Seattle Times. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
102. ^ "NWPR to manage college radio station in Lakewood" (Press release). Pullman, Washington: Washington State University. April 6, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
103. ^ Morford, Morf (May 9, 2018). "Radio, near or far, old or new, is still around". Tacoma Daily Index. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
104. ^ "Tacoma Business Districts". www.tacomabusinessdistricts.com.
105. ^ City of Tacoma Community & Economic Development Department, GIS Analysis & Data Services (October 8, 2009). "City of Tacoma Streets" (PDF). Retrieved October 15, 2009.
106. ^ Sailor, Craig (March 17, 2024). "It literally cut Tacoma in two 60 years ago. Now the city has $1.3M to study fixes". The News Tribune. Retrieved May 26, 2024.
107. ^ a b "Chapter 12: Transportation Element". Pierce County Comprehensive Plan. Pierce County. 2015. pp. 12–11, 12–12. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
108. ^ Ryan, John (December 6, 2021). "New bus fuel is 'carbon neutral,' Pierce Transit claims. It's not". KUOW. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
109. ^ Sailor, Craig (November 4, 2021). "Pierce Transit, Sound Transit to reduce bus service this month. Here's how and why". The News Tribune. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
110. ^ Lynn, Adam (September 9, 2016). "Changes are coming to a Pierce Transit bus route near you". The News Tribune. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
111. ^ Sailor, Craig (August 16, 2024). "Pierce Transit puts troubled Bus Rapid Transit project on hold and turns to quicker fix". The News Tribune. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
112. ^ Sailor, Craig (February 29, 2024). "It's not bus rapid transit, but Pierce Transit hopes this new bus line will save you time". The News Tribune. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
113. ^ Sailor, Craig (November 18, 2021). "Amtrak resumes service on Point Defiance Bypass route where 3 died in 2017". The News Tribune. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
114. ^ Metzger, Katie (August 17, 2023). "Tacoma transit connections: How to link up with the extended T Line". The Platform. Sound Transit. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
115. ^ Needles, Allison (August 9, 2021). "Sound Transit has $6.5 billion ST3 budget gap. What does that mean for Tacoma projects?". The News Tribune. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
116. ^ Cockrell, Debbie (February 16, 2021). "Passenger-only Tacoma-Seattle ferry service is highly desired. What are the prospects?". The News Tribune. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
117. ^ Crowley, Walt. "Sea-Tac International Airport: Part 1 — Founding". HistoryLink. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
118. ^ Glenn, Jack (August 10, 2023). "'It's a beautiful thing.' Puyallup Tribe, Kenmore Air kick off scenic tours from Tacoma". The News Tribune. Retrieved August 11, 2023.
119. ^ Sherman, Chris (January 12, 2006). "Court Ends Fight Over Dams". Foundation for Water and Energy Education, quoting The News Tribune. Retrieved March 27, 2008.
120. ^ "Docket for 05-434".
121. ^ Miles, Todd (July 30, 2014). "It is Drew's turn – third-generation Austin now drag racing".
122. ^ "Ex-Lakes High star Zach Banner keeps an eye on younger brother Xavier, who's forging his own path". thenewstribune. Archived from the original on December 25, 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2025.
123. ^ "Tucker Bone". Seattle Sounders. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
124. ^ Quinn, Justin. "On this day: Avery Bradley born; Delonte West debuts; Sherman Douglas traded to Bucks". Celtics Wire. Retrieved June 3, 2025.
125. ^ "The New Harry Styles Album Pays Tribute to... Oregon Poet Richard Brautigan?". Portland Monthly. Retrieved June 3, 2025.
126. ^ "Jeff Brotman, Tacoma-born Costco co-founder, dies". thenewstribune. Archived from the original on May 17, 2019. Retrieved June 3, 2025.
127. ^ "Rabbi Angela Buchdahl on her journey as a Korean-Jewish leader". Northwest Asian Weekly. December 19, 2024. Retrieved June 3, 2025.
128. ^ "Ted Bundy's childhood home". OddStops. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
129. ^ "Sergeant Jose Calugas Medal of Honor". The National WWII Museum. May 19, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
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131. ^ "Neko Case shares memories of harrowing childhood and love for Tacoma in new memoir". king5.com. February 4, 2025. Retrieved June 4, 2025.
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138. ^ "Tacoma's renowned chronicler of the working waterfront has died. Ron Magden was 92". Tacoma News Tribune. Archived from the original on June 1, 2025. Retrieved June 4, 2025.
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143. ^ "Dead feminists come to artistic life in a new Tacoma letterpress book". thenewstribune. Archived from the original on November 15, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2025.
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148. ^ "Tacoma's Isaiah Thomas still seeking last NBA shot — and giving to his community". Tacoma News Tribune. Archived from the original on November 18, 2024. Retrieved June 6, 2025.
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## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tacoma, Washington.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Tacoma, Washington.

Look up Tacoma in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Tacoma".

* Official city website
* Tacoma Regional Convention and Visitor Bureau
* Alvin H. Waite Photography Collection Prolific Photographer of Tacoma; University of Washington Library

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and communities of Pierce County, Washington, United States

County seat: Tacoma

Cities|

* Auburn‡
* Bonney Lake
* Buckley
* DuPont
* Edgewood
* Enumclaw‡
* Fife
* Fircrest
* Gig Harbor
* Lakewood
* Milton‡
* Orting
* Pacific‡
* Puyallup
* Roy
* Ruston
* Sumner
* Tacoma
* University Place

Map of Washington highlighting Pierce County

Towns|

* Carbonado
* Eatonville
* South Prairie
* Steilacoom
* Wilkeson

CDPs|

* Alder
* Alderton
* Anderson Island
* Artondale
* Ashford
* Browns Point
* Canterwood
* Clear Lake
* Clover Creek
* Crocker
* Dash Point
* Elbe
* Elk Plain
* Fife Heights
* Fort Lewis
* Fox Island
* Frederickson
* Graham
* Greenwater
* Herron Island
* Home
* Kapowsin
* Ketron Island
* Key Center
* La Grande
* Lake Tapps
* Longbranch
* Maplewood
* McChord AFB
* McKenna
* McMillin
* Midland
* North Fort Lewis
* North Puyallup
* Parkland
* Prairie Heights
* Prairie Ridge
* Purdy
* Raft Island
* Rosedale
* South Creek
* South Hill
* Spanaway
* Stansberry Lake
* Summit
* Summit View
* Tehaleh
* Vaughn
* Waller
* Wauna
* Wollochet

Other
communities|

* Burnett
* Cromwell
* Electron
* Glencove
* Lakebay
* McNeil Island
* Paradise
* Reliance

Indian reservation|

* Muckleshoot‡
* Puyallup

Military bases|

* Joint Base Lewis–McChord (Fort Lewis, McChord Field)

Ghost towns|

* Fairfax
* Hillhurst
* Melmont

Footnotes|

‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

* Washington portal
* United States portal

* v
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State of Washington

Olympia (capital)

Topics|

* Outline
* Climate change
* Municipalities
* Census-designated places
* Federal lands
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* Geography
* Earthquakes
* History
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Society|

* Abortion
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* Culture
* Demographics
* Economy
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* Education
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* Politics

Politics|

| Government|

* Law
* Constitution
* Governors
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* Congressional districts
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State agencies|

* Agriculture
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* State Patrol
* Student Achievement Council
* Transportation
* Utilities and Transportation

Regions|

| Western|

* Kitsap Peninsula
* Long Beach Peninsula
* Olympic Peninsula
* Puget Sound
* San Juan Islands
* Skagit Valley

|

Eastern/Inland|

* Central Washington
* Columbia Plateau
* Methow Valley
* Okanogan Country
* Palouse
* Yakima Valley

Shared|

* Cascade Range
* Columbia Gorge
* Columbia River

Largest
cities|

* Seattle
* Spokane
* Tacoma
* Vancouver
* Bellevue
* Kent
* Everett
* Renton
* Spokane Valley
* Federal Way
* Yakima
* Kirkland
* Bellingham
* Auburn
* Kennewick
* Pasco
* Redmond
* Marysville
* Sammamish
* Lakewood
* Richland
* Shoreline
* Olympia
* Lacey
* Burien

Metropolitan
areas|

* Greater Seattle
* Greater Spokane
* Tri-Cities metropolitan area
* Wenatchee metropolitan area
* Greater Portland and Vancouver

Counties|

* Adams
* Asotin
* Benton
* Chelan
* Clallam
* Clark
* Columbia
* Cowlitz
* Douglas
* Ferry
* Franklin
* Garfield
* Grant
* Grays Harbor
* Island
* Jefferson
* King
* Kitsap
* Kittitas
* Klickitat
* Lewis
* Lincoln
* Mason
* Okanogan
* Pacific
* Pend Oreille
* Pierce
* San Juan
* Skagit
* Skamania
* Snohomish
* Spokane
* Stevens
* Thurston
* Wahkiakum
* Walla Walla
* Whatcom
* Whitman
* Yakima

* Washington (state) portal
* Pacific Northwest portal

* v
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Seattle metropolitan area

Puget Sound region

Principal cities|

* Seattle
* Tacoma
* Bellevue
* Kent
* Everett
* Renton
* Auburn
* Redmond
* Lakewood

Other cities|

* Bremerton
* Mount Vernon
* Oak Harbor
* Silverdale
* Anacortes
* Shelton
* Olympia
* Centralia

Counties|

* King
* Pierce
* Snohomish
* Thurston
* Kitsap
* Skagit
* Island
* Mason

Geography|

* Puget Sound
* Cascade Range
* Mount Rainier
* Glacier Peak
* Lake Washington
* Lake Sammamish

* v
* t
* e

All-America City Award Hall of Fame (1949–2023)

Three-time winners|

* Alexandria, VA (1963, 1984, 1985)
* Allentown, PA (1962, 1974, 1975)
* Asheville, NC (1951, 1969, 1997)
* Bloomington, IN (1958, 1981, 1982)
* Boston, MA (1949, 1951, 1962)
* Cincinnati, OH (1949, 1950, 1981)
* Dayton, OH (1951, 1978, 1991)
* Delray Beach, FL (1993, 2001, 2017)
* Edinburg, TX (1968, 1995, 2000)
* Fort Worth, TX (1964, 1993, 2011)
* Gastonia, NC (1963, 2000, 2010)
* Grand Rapids, MI (1949, 1960, 1981)
* Hickory, NC (1967, 1987, 2007)
* Independence, MO (1961, 1982, 2001)
* Laurinburg, NC (1956, 1967, 2003)
* Mount Pleasant, SC (2010, 2018, 2023)
* Norfolk, VA (1959, 2013, 2016)
* Rochester, New York (1981, 1998, 2020)
* Seward, AK (1963, 1965, 2005)
* Shreveport, LA (1953, 1980, 1999)
* Somerville, MA (1972, 2009, 2015)
* Spokane, WA (1975, 2004, 2015)
* Tacoma, WA (1956, 1984, 1998)

Four-time winners|

* Akron, OH (1980, 1981, 1995, 2008)
* Anchorage, AK (1956, 1965, 1985, 2002)
* Baltimore, MD (1952, 1977, 1991, 2012)
* Columbus, OH (1958, 1987, 1992, 2006)
* Fayetteville, NC (1985, 2001, 2011, 2023)
* Fort Wayne, IN (1983, 1998, 2009, 2021)
* Grand Island, NE (1955, 1967, 1981, 1982)
* Hampton, VA (1972, 2002, 2014, 2023)
* Louisville, KY (1963, 1995, 2012, 2022)
* Peoria, IL (1953, 1966, 1989, 2013)
* Philadelphia, PA (1949, 1951, 1957, 1994)
* Rockville, MD (1954, 1961, 1977, 1979)
* Toledo, OH (1950, 1983, 1984, 1998)

Five-time winners|

* Cleveland, OH (1949, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1993)
* Dubuque, IA (2007, 2012, 2013, 2017, 2019)
* El Paso, TX (1969, 2010, 2018, 2020, 2021)
* New Haven, CT (1958, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2022)
* Stockton, CA (1999, 2004, 2015, 2017, 2018)
* Tupelo, MS (1967, 1989, 1999, 2011, 2015)
* Wichita, KS (1961, 1993, 1999, 2009, 2019)
* Worcester, MA (1949, 1960, 1965, 1981, 2000)

Six-time winners|

* Des Moines, IA (1949, 1977, 1982, 2003, 2010, 2017)
* Phoenix, AZ (1950, 1958, 1980, 1989, 2009, 2022)

Seven-time winners|

* Kansas City, MO (1950, 1951, 1986, 1994, 2006, 2017, 2021)
* Roanoke, VA (1952, 1979, 1982, 1988, 1996, 2012, 2017)

Nine-time winners|

* San Antonio, TX (1949, 1951, 1983, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2023)

* v
* t
* e

Places adjacent to Tacoma, Washington

| Gig Harbor | Vashon Island | Federal Way

|
|

|  |
Fox Island |

Tacoma

| Fife
|  |
Lakewood | Parkland | Puyallup

* v
* t
* e

County seats of Washington

* Asotin
* Bellingham
* Cathlamet
* Chehalis
* Colfax
* Colville
* Coupeville
* Davenport
* Dayton
* Ellensburg
* Ephrata
* Everett
* Friday Harbor
* Goldendale
* Kelso
* Montesano
* Mount Vernon
* Newport
* Okanogan
* Olympia
* Pasco
* Pomeroy
* Port Angeles
* Port Orchard
* Port Townsend
* Prosser
* Republic
* Ritzville
* Seattle
* Shelton
* South Bend
* Spokane
* Stevenson
* Tacoma
* Vancouver
* Walla Walla
* Waterville
* Wenatchee
* Yakima

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Czech Republic
* Israel

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Other|

* NARA

*[c.]: circa
*[Pop.]: Population
*[%±]: Percent change
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