Taipei 101

Skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan

"101 Tower" redirects here. For other uses, see 101 Tower (disambiguation).

25°2′1.11″N 121°33′53.59″E﻿ / ﻿25.0336417°N 121.5648861°E﻿ / 25.0336417; 121.5648861

Taipei 101

台北101

Taipei 101 in 2015

Former names| Taipei World Financial Center
Alternative names| Top of Taipei, Taipei Tower, Tower of Taipei
Record height
Tallest in the world from 2004 to 2009[I]
Preceded by| Petronas Towers
Surpassed by| Burj Khalifa
General information
Status| Completed
Type| Skyscraper
Architectural style| Postmodernism
Location| Taipei, Taiwan
Address| No. 7, Section 5, Xinyi Road, Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan
Groundbreaking| 31 January 1999; 25 years ago (1999-01-31)
Construction started| 31 July 1999; 24 years ago (1999-07-31)[1]
Topped-out| 13 June 2001; 23 years ago (2001-06-13) (mall)
1 July 2003; 20 years ago (2003-07-01) (tower)
Completed| 14 November 2003; 20 years ago (2003-11-14) (mall)
31 December 2004; 19 years ago (2004-12-31) (tower)[1]
Opened| 31 December 2004; 19 years ago (2004-12-31)
Cost| NT$58 billion (US$1.9 billion)
Owner| Taipei Financial Center Corporation[2]
Landlord| Taipei City Government
Height
Height| 508.0 m (1,667 ft)
Architectural| 508.2 m (1,667 ft)
Tip| 509.2 m (1,671 ft)
Roof| 449.2 m (1,474 ft)
Top floor| 438.0 m (1,437 ft)
Observatory| 449.2 m (1,474 ft)
Technical details
Floor count| 101[2]
Floor area| 412,500 m2 (4,440,100 sq ft)[3]
Lifts/elevators| 61 installed by Toshiba with KONE EcoDisc motors
Design and construction
Architect(s)| C.Y. Lee and C.P. Wang
Structural engineer| Evergreen Consulting Engineering and Thornton Tomasetti
Main contractor| KTRT Joint Venture[4]

* Kumagai Gumi,
* Taiwan Kumagai,
* RSEA,
* Ta-Yo-Wei
* Samsung C&T[4][5][6][7]

Awards and prizes| Existing Buildings, LEED Platinum O+M
Website
www.taipei-101.com.tw
References
[1][8][2][9][10]
Taipei 101

Chinese| 台北101
Literal meaning| "Tai[wan] North 101"
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Táiběi 101
Bopomofo| ㄊㄞˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄧ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄧ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh| Tairbeei 101
Wade–Giles| Tʻai2-pei3 101
Tongyong Pinyin| Táiběi 101
MPS2| Táiběi 101
IPA| [tʰǎɪ.pèɪ] 101

Suzhounese| Dé-poh 101
Hakka
Romanization| Thòi-pet 101
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization| Tòih-bāk 101
Jyutping| toi4 bak1 101
IPA| [tʰɔːi˩ pɐk̚˥] 101
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ| Tâi-pak 101
Tâi-lô| Tâi-pak 101
Eastern Min
Fuzhou BUC| Dài-báe̤k 101
Taipei World Financial Center

Traditional Chinese| 臺北國際金融中心
Simplified Chinese| 台北国际金融中心
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Táiběi Guójì Jīnróng Zhōngxīn
Bopomofo| ㄊㄞˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄣ
Wade–Giles| Tʻai2-pei3 Kuo2-chi4 Chin1-jung2 Chung1-hsin1
Tongyong Pinyin| Táiběi Guó-jì Jin-róng Jhong-sin
IPA| [tʰǎɪ.pèɪ kwǒ.tɕî tɕín.ɻʊ̌ŋ ʈʂʊ́ŋ.ɕín]
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping| toi4 bak1 gwok3 zai3 gam1 jung4 zung1 sam1
IPA| [tʰɔːi˩ pɐk̚˥ kʷɔːk̚˧ tsɐi˧ kɐm˥ joŋ˩ tsoŋ˥ sɐm˥]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ| Tâi-pak kok-chè kim-iông Tiong-sim

Taipei 101 (Chinese: 台北101; pinyin: Táiběi 101; stylized in all caps),[1] formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center, is a skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. It is owned by Taipei Financial Center Corporation. The building was officially classified as the world's tallest from its opening on 31 December 2004 (in time to celebrate New Year's Eve). However, the Burj Khalifa surpassed Taipei 101 in 2010. Upon completion, it became the world's first skyscraper to exceed a height of half a kilometer (about 0.3 miles). As of 2023, Taipei 101 is the tallest building in Taiwan and the eleventh tallest building in the world.[11][12]

The elevators of Taipei 101 that transport passengers from the 5th to the 89th floor in 37 seconds (attaining 60.6 km/h (37.7 mph)) set speed records.[11][a] In 2011, Taipei 101 was awarded a Platinum certificate rating under the LEED certification system for energy efficiency and environmental design, becoming the tallest and largest green building in the world.[13] The structure regularly appears as an icon of Taipei in international media, and the Taipei 101 fireworks displays are a regular feature of New Year's Eve broadcasts and celebrations.

Taipei 101's postmodernist architectural style evokes traditional Asian aesthetics in a modern structure employing industrial materials. Its design incorporates a number of features that enable the structure to withstand the Pacific Ring of Fire's earthquakes and the region's tropical storms. The tower houses offices, restaurants, shops, and indoor and outdoor observatories. The tower is adjoined by a multilevel shopping mall that has the world's largest ruyi symbol as an exterior feature.

## History[edit]

### Planning[edit]

In 1997, led by developer Harace Lin, the Taipei Financial Center Corporation, a team led by several Taiwan banks and insurance companies, won the rights to lease the site for 70 years and develop a building, placing the winning bid of NT$20,688,890,000 for the Build Operate Transfer agreement with the city government.[14]

### Construction[edit]

Looking up a still-incomplete Taipei 101

Taipei 101 near the end of construction during 2003, showing the concrete tower at the top still incomplete. The height of the building was still 449.2 meters at the time.

Planning for Taipei 101 began in July 1997[2] during Chen Shui-bian's term as Taipei mayor. Talks between merchants and city government officials initially centered on a proposal for a 66-story tower to serve as an anchor for new development in Taipei's 101 business district. Planners were considering taking the new structure to a more ambitious height only after an expat suggested it, along with many of the other features used in the design of the building. It was not until the summer of 2000 that the city granted a license for the construction of a 101-story tower on the site. In the meantime, construction proceeded and the first tower column was erected in the summer of 2001.[2][15]

A major earthquake struck Taiwan on 31 March 2002, sending a construction crane falling from the 56th floor to Xinyi Road. The crane crushed several vehicles and caused five deaths - two crane operators and three workers who were not properly harnessed. However, an inspection showed no structural damage to the building, and construction work was able to restart within a week.[16]

Taipei 101's roof was completed three years later on 1 July 2003. In 2004, work on Taipei 101 was completed by Samsung C&T, South Korean construction company.[17] Ma Ying-jeou, in his first term as Taipei mayor, fastened a golden bolt to signify the achievement.[8] The formal opening of the tower took place on New Year's Eve 2004\. President Chen Shui-bian, Taipei Mayor Ma Ying-jeou and Legislative Speaker Wang Jin-pyng cut the ribbon. Open-air concerts featured a number of popular performers, including singers A-Mei and Stefanie Sun. Visitors rode the elevators to the Observatory for the first time. A few hours later the first fireworks show at Taipei 101 heralded the arrival of a new year.[18][19][20] It replaced the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur as the world's tallest building.[21]

### Post-construction[edit]

The Taipei Financial Center Corporation (TFCC) announced plans on 2 November 2009 to make Taipei 101 "the world's tallest green building" by summer of 2011 as measured by LEED standards. The structure was already designed to be energy-efficient, with double-pane windows blocking external heat by 50% and recycled water meeting 20–30% of the building's needs. LEED certification would entail inspections and upgrades in wiring, water and lighting equipment at a cost of NT$60 million (US$1.8 million). Estimates showed the savings resulting from the modifications paid for the cost of making them within three years.[13] The project was carried out under the guidance of an international team composed of Siemens Building Technologies, architect and interior designer Steven Leach Group and the LEED advisory firm EcoTech International.[22] The company applied for a platinum-degree certification with LEED in early 2011.[23] On 28 July 2011, Taipei 101 received LEED platinum certification under "Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance". Although the project cost NT$60 million (US$2.08 million), it is expected to save 14.4 million kilowatt-hours of electricity, or an 18% energy-saving, equivalent to NT$36 million (US$1.2 million) in energy costs each year.[13] In 2019, it was named among the 50 most influential skyscrapers in the world by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.[24]

On 4 January 2020, the building had a condolence message in lights for the victims of a helicopter crash, which included a number of senior government officials.[25] On 8 February 2020, it was reported that that some passengers of the Diamond Princess cruise liner, quarantined for an outbreak of COVID-19, had visited Taipei 101 on 31 January at which point none exhibited symptoms.[26] On 1 April 2020, the shopping center said it was reducing business hours due to the coronavirus pandemic.[27] It had started checking shopper's temperatures in February.[27][28] On 21 May the building said it would resume normal business hours in June, as the country had effectively limited the spread of COVID-19.[29]

## Usages[edit]

### Events and celebrity appearances[edit]

Taipei 101 is the site of many special events. Art exhibits, as noted above, regularly take place in the Observatory. A few noteworthy dates since the tower's opening include these below:

E=mc2 lighting on 19 April 2005

* On 25 December 2004, French rock and urban climber Alain Robert made an authorized climb to the top of the pinnacle in four hours.[30]
* On 28 February 2005, former President of the United States Bill Clinton visited and signed copies of his autobiography.[31]
* On 19 April 2005, the tower displayed the formula "E=mc2" in lights to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the publication of Einstein's theory of relativity. The display, the largest of 65,000 such displays in 47 countries, was part of the international celebration World Year of Physics 2005.[32]
* On 20 November 2005, the First annual Taipei 101 Run Up featured a race up the 2,046 steps from floors 1 to 91. Proceeds were to benefit Taiwan's Olympic teams. Run Ups have continued to be held regularly.[33]
* On 20 October 2006, the tower displayed a pink ribbon in lights to promote breast cancer awareness. The ten-day campaign was sponsored by Taipei 101's ownership and Estée Lauder.[32]
* On 12 December 2007, Austrian BASE jumper Felix Baumgartner survived an unauthorized parachute jump from the 91st floor. Baumgartner was banned from re-entry into Taiwan and Taipei 101 increased security measures along with disciplining security staff for failing to intervene.[34]
* On 6 December 2014, Japanese idol group HKT48 held a small concert on the 91st-floor observatory as the premiere of their tour in Taiwan.[35][36]

### New Year's Eve fireworks displays[edit]

Main article: Taipei New Year's Eve Party

What the tower looked like on New Year's Eve 2008 (top and bottom) and 2009 (middle)

The New Year's Eve Show in Taipei is held at the Taipei City Hall. Visitors have a view of Taipei 101 which is surrounded by fireworks at midnight.[37] Another popular location for crowds to gather to see the fireworks display is the public square of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall.[38]

## Architecture and design[edit]

### Height[edit]

Various sources, including the building's owners, give the height of Taipei 101 as 508 m (1,667 ft), roof height and top floor height as 448 m (1,470 ft) and 438 m (1,437 ft). This lower figure is derived by measuring from the top of a 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) platform at the base.[1][8] CTBUH standards, though, include the height of the platform in calculating the overall height, as it represents part of the man-made structure and is above the level of the surrounding pavement.[39][40][41][42] Taipei 101 displaced the Petronas Towers as the tallest building in the world by 57.3 m (188 ft).[40][43] The record it claimed for greatest height from ground to pinnacle was surpassed by the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, which is 829.8 m (2,722 ft) in height. Taipei 101's records for roof height and highest occupied floor briefly passed to the Shanghai World Financial Center in 2008, which in turn yielded these records as well to the Burj.[39][40]

Taipei 101 was the world's tallest building, at 508.2 m (1,667 ft) as measured to its architectural top (spire), exceeding that of the Petronas Towers, which were previously the tallest skyscraper at 451.9 m (1,483 ft). The height to the top of the roof, at 449.2 m (1,474 ft), and highest occupied floor, at 439.2 m (1,441 ft), surpassed the previous records of the Willis Tower: 442 m (1,450 ft) and 412.4 m (1,353 ft), respectively.[8][39][41][40][42] It also surpassed the 85-story, 347.5 m (1,140 ft) Tuntex Sky Tower in Kaohsiung as the tallest building in Taiwan and the 51-story, 244.15 m (801 ft) Shin Kong Life Tower as the tallest building in Taipei.[44][45]

Taipei 101 comprises 101 floors above ground, as well as five basement levels. The first building to break the half-kilometer mark in height,[8] it was the world's tallest building from 31 March 2004 to 10 March 2010 (six years)[46][47] until it was surpassed by the Burj Khalifa in 2010. For 12 years it also had the fastest elevator, at 61 kilometres per hour (38 mph). It also has the largest wind damper in the world, at 18 feet across.[48] As of 2023, Taipei 101 is the eleventh-tallest building in the world, according to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat's official rankings.[12]

### Structural design[edit]

Location of Taipei 101's largest tuned mass damper

Taipei 101 is designed to withstand typhoon winds and earthquake tremors that are common in the area in the east of Taiwan. Evergreen Consulting Engineering, the structural engineer, designed Taipei 101 to withstand gale winds of 60 meters per second (197 ft/s), (216 km/h or 134 mph), as well as the strongest earthquakes in a 2,500-year cycle.[49]

Taipei 101 was designed to be flexible as well as structurally resistant, because while flexibility prevents structural damage, resistance ensures comfort both for the occupants and for the protection of the glass, curtain walls, and other features. Most designs achieve the necessary strength by enlarging critical structural elements such as bracing. Because of the height of Taipei 101, combined with the surrounding area's geology—the building is located just 660 ft (200 m) away from a major fault line[50] Outrigger trusses, located at eight-floor intervals, connect the columns in the building's core to those on the exterior.[16]

These features, combined with the solidity of its foundation, made Taipei 101 one of the most stable buildings ever constructed.[51] The foundation is reinforced by 380 piles driven 80 m (262 ft) into the ground, extending as far as 30 m (98 ft) into the bedrock. Each pile is 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in diameter and can bear a load of 1,000–1,320 metric tons (1,100–1,460 short tons).[52]

Motioneering designed a 660-metric-ton (728-short-ton)[53][54][55] steel pendulum that serves as a tuned mass damper, at a cost of NT$132 million (US$4 million).[56] Suspended from the 92nd to the 88th floor, the pendulum sways to offset movements in the building caused by strong gusts. The tuned mass damper is visible to all visitors on the 88th through 92nd floors. It can reduce up to 40% of the tower's movements.[57] Its ball, the largest damper ball in the world, consists of 41 circular steel plates of varying diameters, each 125 mm (4.92 in) thick, welded together to form a 5.5-meter-diameter (18 ft) ball. Two additional tuned mass dampers, each weighing 6 metric tons (7 short tons), are installed at the tip of the spire which help prevent damage to the structure due to strong wind loads.[56][58] On 8 August 2015, strong winds from Typhoon Soudelor swayed the main damper by 1 meter (39 in)—the largest movement ever recorded by the damper.[59][60]

Entrance to Taipei 101 Observation Deck, with Damper Baby

The damper has become such a popular tourist attraction that the city contracted Sanrio to create a mascot: the Damper Baby. Four versions of the Damper Baby ("Rich Gold", "Cool Black", "Smart Silver" and "Lucky Red") were designed and made into figurines and souvenirs sold in various Taipei 101 gift shops. Damper Baby has become a popular local icon, with its own comic book and website.[61][62][63]

### Structural facade[edit]

Taipei 101 during a typhoon

View from the base of the tower, looking up

ruyi figure over one of the building's entrances

Shadow of the tower in the late afternoon; the adjoining park (circular feature, bottom) acts as the face of a sundial.

Feng shui fountain outside Taipei 101

Taipei 101's characteristic blue-green glass curtain walls are double paned and glazed, offer heat and UV protection sufficient to block external heat by 50%, and can sustain impacts of 7 metric tons (8 short tons).[49] The facade system of glass and aluminum panels installed into an inclined movement-resisting lattice contributes to overall lateral rigidity by tying back to the mega-columns with one-story high trusses at every eighth floor. This facade system is, therefore, able to withstand up to 95 mm (4 in) of seismic lateral displacements without damage.[64] The facade system is also known as a Damper.

The original corners of the facade were tested at RWDI in Ontario, Canada. A simulation of a 100-year storm at RWDI revealed a vortex that formed during a 3-second 105-mile-per-hour (169 km/h) wind at a height of 10 meters, or equivalent to the lateral tower sway rate causing large crosswind oscillations. A double chamfered step design was found to dramatically reduce this crosswind oscillation, resulting in the final design's "double stairstep" corner facade.[65] Architect C.Y. Lee also used extensive facade elements to represent the symbolic identity he pursued. These facade elements included the green tinted glass for the indigenous slender bamboo look, eight upper outwards inclined tiers of pagoda each with eight floors, a ruyi and a money box symbol between the two facade sections among others.[66]

Taipei 101's own roof and facade recycled water system meets 20 to 30% of the building's water needs. In July 2011, Taipei 101 was certified "the world's tallest green building" under LEED standards.[67]

### Symbolism[edit]

The height of 101 floors commemorates the renewal of time: the new century that arrived as the tower was built (100+1) and all the new years that follow (1 January = 1-01). It symbolizes lofty ideals by going one better on 100, a traditional number of perfection. The number also evokes the binary numeral system used in digital technology.[68]

The main tower features a series of eight segments of eight floors each. In Chinese-speaking cultures the number eight is associated with abundance, prosperity and good fortune.[69][70]

The repeated segments simultaneously recall the rhythms of an Asian pagoda (a tower linking earth and sky, also evoked in the Petronas Towers), a stalk of bamboo (an icon of learning and growth), and a stack of ancient Chinese ingots or money boxes (a symbol of abundance). Popular humor sometimes likens the building's shape to a stack of take-out boxes as used in Western-style Chinese food; of course, the stackable shape of such boxes is likewise derived from that of ancient money boxes.[71] The four discs mounted on each face of the building where the pedestal meets the tower represent coins. The emblem placed over entrances shows three gold coins of ancient Chinese design with central holes shaped to imply the Arabic numerals 1-0-1.[68] The structure incorporates many shapes of squares and circles to symbolize yin and yang.[68]

Curled ruyi figures appear throughout the structure as a design motif. Though the shape of each ruyi at Taipei 101 is traditional, its rendering in industrial metal is plainly modern. The ruyi is a talisman of ancient origin associated in art with heavenly clouds. It connotes healing, protection and fulfillment. It appears in celebrations of the attainment of new career heights.[72][73] The sweeping curved roof of the adjoining mall culminates in a colossal ruyi that shades pedestrians.[73] Each ruyi ornament on the exterior of the Taipei 101 tower stands at least 8 m (26 ft) tall.[74]

At night the bright yellow gleam from its pinnacle casts Taipei 101 in the role of a candle or torch upholding the ideals of liberty and welcome. From 6 to 10 p.m.,[75] the tower's lights display one of seven colors, according to a weekly schedule.[76]

Day  | Monday  | Tuesday  | Wednesday  | Thursday  | Friday  | Saturday  | Sunday

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Color  | red  | orange  | yellow  | green  | blue  | indigo  | violet

From 26 February to 6 March 2022, the typical colors were replaced by blue and yellow in solidarity with Ukraine, in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[77]

The adjoining Taipei 101 on the east side connects the landmark further with the symbolism of time. The design of the circular park doubles as the face of a giant sundial. The tower itself casts the shadow to mark afternoon hours for the building's occupants. The park's design is echoed in a clock that stands at its entrance. The clock runs on wind power drawn from the building's wind shear.[78]

Taipei 101, like many of its neighboring buildings, exemplifies the influence of feng shui philosophy. An example appears in the form of a large granite fountain at the intersection of Songlian Road and Xinyi Road near the tower's east entrance.[79] A ball at the fountain's top spins toward the tower. As a work of public art the fountain offers a contrast to the tower in texture even as its design echoes the tower's rhythms. The fountain also serves a practical function in feng shui philosophy. A T intersection near the entrance of a building represents a potential drain of positive energy, or ch'i, from the structure and its occupants.[80][81] Placing flowing water at such spots is thought to help redirect the flow of ch'i.[82][83]

### Interior[edit]

Taipei 101 Mall

Two restaurants have opened on the 85th floor: Diamond Tony's, which offers European-style seafood and steak, and 85TD, which offers Chinese style cuisine. Occupying all of the 86th floor is Taiwanese high-class buffet restaurant A Joy [zh].[84] Din Tai Fung, several international dining establishments and retail outlets also operate in the adjoining mall. The multistory retail mall adjoining the tower is home to hundreds of fashionable stores, restaurants, clubs and other attractions. The mall's interior is modern in design even as it makes use of traditional elements. The curled ruyi symbol is a recurring motif inside the mall. Many features of the interior also observe feng shui traditions.[83]

#### Floor directory[edit]

A tenant directory is posted in the first floor's lobby (visible from the Xinyi entrance). The number 4 is considered an unlucky number in Chinese culture, so instead the 44th floor is renamed the 43rd, and the actual 43rd floor becomes 42A.[85] As of 1 January 2011, the highest occupied office floor (excluding the observatory and restaurants) was 75. The building appears to be at least 70% occupied at this point. The 92nd through 100th floors are officially designated as communication floors, although it is unknown if there are any radio or TV stations currently broadcasting from the top of Taipei 101. The 101st floor indoor/outdoor rooftop observatory opened to the public on 14 June 2019.[86] The top 92-100 floors are labeled as communications floors.[87]

Taipei 101, first from right, compared with other tallest buildings

### Elevator[edit]

The double-deck elevators built by the Japanese Toshiba Elevator and Building Systems Corporation (TELC) set a new record in 2004 with the fastest ascending speeds in the world. At 60.6 kilometers (37.7 mi) per hour, 16.83 m (55.22 ft) per second, or 1,010 m/min,[88] the speed of Taipei 101's elevators is 34.7% faster than the previous record holders of the Yokohama Landmark Tower elevator, Yokohama, Japan, which reaches speeds of 12.5 m (41 ft) per second (45 km/h, 28 mph). Taipei 101's elevators transport visitors from the fifth floor to the 89th-floor observatory in 37 seconds.[a] Each elevator features an aerodynamic body, full pressurization, state-of-the art emergency braking systems, and the world's first triple-stage anti-overshooting system. The cost for each elevator is NT$80 million (US$2.4 million).[89][90] In 2016, the title for the fastest elevator was taken away by the Shanghai Tower in Shanghai.[91] Shortly after, the title for the world's fastest elevator was passed on yet again to the Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre.[92]

### Artworks[edit]

Many works of art appear in and around Taipei 101. These include: German artist Rebecca Horn's Dialog between Yin and Yang in 2002 (steel, iron), American artist Robert Indiana's 1-0 in 2002 and Love in 2003 (aluminum), French artist Ariel Moscovici's Between Earth and Sky in 2002 (rose de la claret granite), Taiwanese artist Chung Pu's Global Circle In 2002 (black granite, white marble), British artist Jill Watson's City Composition in 2002 (Bronze), and Taiwanese artist Kang Mu Hsiang's Infinite Life in 2013 (aluminum).[14] Moreover, the Indoor Observatory hosts a regular series of exhibitions. The artists represented have included Wu Ching (gold sculpture), Ping-huang Chang (traditional painting) and Po-lin Chi (aerial photography).[32]

## Floor plan[edit]

Levels  | Purposes

|

101  | Outdoor Observation Deck (Skyline 460/ Sky Top)
100  | Mechanical

92  | Tuned Mass Damper
91  | Outdoor Observatory Deck (Sky Deck)
90  | Mechanical
89  | Indoor Observatory Deck (Sky View) / KafeD (Coffee Cafe) / Taipei 101 Souvenir Shop
88  | Indoor Observatory Deck (Exit Floor) / Simple Kaffa Sola (Coffee Cafe)
87  | Mechanical
86  | Restaurant  | A Joy
85  | Diamond Tony's 101 Panorama,

85TD

84  | High Zone Office
83  | Morgan Stanley
82  | Mechanical
81  | Alliance Bernstein
80  | CARDIF Assurance Vie, Taiwan Branch

78  | CARDIF Assurances Risques Divers, Taiwan Branch
77  | CIMB Securities Limited
76  | CIMB Securities Limited, RBS Securities (Room C-D)

74  | Mechanical
73  | Google
72  | BNP Paribas
71  | BNP Paribas
70  | ING Wholesale Bank

68  | KPMG
67  |
66  | Mechanical
65  |
64  |
63  |
62  | Chien Yeh Law Offices
61  | Boston Consulting Group (Unit F), Air China, KPMG, Natixis
60  | Skylobby
59  | Skylobby
58  | Mid Zone Office  | Mechanical
57  | The Executive Centre / Amicorp

55  | Legg Mason (Suite E), Bayer
54  | Bayer / HSBC Securities (Taiwan) Corporation Limited
53  | Bayer
52  | HRnetOne
51  | Winterthur Life (Taiwan Branch)
50  | Mechanical
49  | S&P Global
48  | Bank of America
47  | McKinsey & Company
46  | Development Dimensions International, Canonical
45  | Perkins Coie (Suite F), Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (Unit D)

42A  | Bank of America
42  | Mechanical

40  |
39  | French Office in Taipei
38  | Volvo
37  | The Executive Centre, Crimson Education, VF Corporation
36  | Skylobby

Taipei 101 Conference Center[2]

Sui Business Lounge

35  | Skylobby/ Rookie Shumai 35 VEGEtable (Restaurant)
34  | Low Office Zone  | Mechanical
33  | German Institute Taipei

31  |
30  | Nomura (Asset Management)
29  | Bank of Communications (Taipei Branch)
28  | DBS Bank
27  | Korn Ferry (Room D-1), Morningstar
26  | Mechanical

24  | Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe C-1,
23  | L'Oreal
22  | L'Oreal
21  | PPD, Inc. Unit A,
20  | Jones Lang LaSalle

18  | Mechanical

15  | ANZ
14  | ANZ
13  | Coupang
12  | Taiwan Stock Exchange
11  | Taiwan Stock Exchange
10  | Taiwan Stock Exchange
9  | Taiwan Stock Exchange
8  | Mechanical

6  | Gymnasium
5  | Taipei 101 Shopping Mall | Taipei 101 Observatory Ticket Entrance

2  | Lobby

B1  | Taipei 101–World Trade Center Station Metro (Exit 4)
B2  | Parking Lot

### Observation deck[edit]

91F outdoor observatory at 391.8 m (1,285 ft)

89F indoor observatory

Artwork outside the mall at night

Taipei 101 features an indoor observation deck on the 88th and 89th floors, and two outdoor observation decks (91st floor and 101st floor), all offering 360-degree views and attract visitors from around the world. The Indoor Observatory stands 383.4 m (1,258 ft) above ground, offering a comfortable environment, large windows with UV protection, recorded voice tours in eight languages, and informative displays and special exhibits. Here, one may view the skyscraper's main damper, which is the world's largest and heaviest visible damper, and buy food, drinks and gift items. Two more flights of stairs take visitors up to the Outdoor Observatory. The Outdoor Observatories, at 391.8 m (1,285 ft) and 449.2 m (1,474 ft) above ground,[8][93] is the second-highest observation deck ever provided in a skyscraper and the highest such platform in Taiwan.[44][94]

The Indoor Observatory is open thirteen hours a day (9:00 am–10:00 pm) throughout the week as well as on special occasions; the Outdoor Observatory is open during the same hours as weather permits. Tickets may be purchased on site in the shopping mall (5th floor) or in advance through the Observatory's website[95] and allow access to the 88th through 91st floors via high-speed elevator.[96]

In 2019, its 101 top floor opened for the first time to the public,[97] starting 14 June with only 36 people given access each day.[98] The 91st-floor observatory used to be the highest floor that open to the public until 14 June 2019 when it was announced by the building's management team that the 101st floor (at 460 meters above sea level) will be opened to the general public, with a quota of 36 people per day and is subject to prior booking.[97] Going onto the outdoor viewing platform requires safety equipment, such as a safety belt buckled to the railing.[99]

## Awards[edit]

Taipei 101 New Year 17 fireworks.

On its opening date, Taipei 101 was awarded the Emporis Skyscraper Award, coming in 1st place.[100] Taipei 101 was awarded the top award platinum rating, by the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), the globally recognized green building ranking system of the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), making the skyscraper the tallest energy conservation building in the world.[101] In 2017, Taipei 101 was awarded the Asia Responsible Entrepreneurship Award (AREA).[102] Taipei 101 was awarded the CTBUH Skyscraper Award on the Performance award category.[103]

## Gallery[edit]

* Taipei Skyline in 2022

* Taipei 101 viewed from below

* Tip of Taipei 101 illuminated on a Sunday night (purple)

* Taipei 101 at twilight

* Tip of Taipei 101

* Taipei 101 next to Taipei Nan Shan Plaza

* Taipei 101 next to Taipei Nan Shan Plaza

* Taipei 101 New Year fireworks in 2016, with Taipei Nan Shan Plaza on the side, nearing completion

## See also[edit]

* Taiwan portal
* Architecture portal

* List of tallest buildings in Taipei
* List of tallest buildings in Taiwan
* Taipei Nan Shan Plaza
* List of tourist attractions in Taipei
* List of most expensive buildings

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ a b 1,010 m/min elevator speed makes this true

## References[edit]

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## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Taipei 101.

* Taipei 101 Official Website
* Website for Vietnamese
* Taipei 101 Official Website – Observatory
* Taipei 101 Official Website – Mall
* YouTube – Taipei 101 New Year Fireworks 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
* National Geographic Channel – Richard Hammond examines Taipei 101
* Consulting services by RWDI (wind engineering and emergency ventilation) and Motioneering (tuned mass damper)
* Megastructure Supports Taipei's 508-Meter 'Megatower' by Engineering News-Record, a weekly magazine by McGraw-Hill Construction of McGraw-Hill
* LEED Official Site
* C. Y. Lee Architects Office Official Website

## Further reading[edit]

* Geographic data related to Taipei 101 at OpenStreetMap

Records

Preceded by

Petronas Towers
451.9 m (1,483 ft)

|  World's tallest building
509.2 m (1,671 ft)
2004–2009  | Succeeded by

Burj Khalifa
829.8 m (2,722 ft)

Preceded by

Willis Tower
442 m (1,450 ft) & 412.4 m (1,353 ft)

|  World's highest roof & highest occupied floor
449.2 m (1,474 ft) & 439.2 m (1,441 ft)
2003–2008  | Succeeded by

Shanghai World Financial Center
492 m (1,614 ft) & 474 m (1,555 ft)

Preceded by

Yokohama Landmark Tower
12.5 m/s (41 ft/s) (45 km/h, 28 mph)

|  World's fastest elevator
16.83 m/s (55.22 ft/s) (60.6 km/h, 37.7 mph)
2003–2016  | Succeeded by

Shanghai Tower
20.5 m/s (67.26 ft/s) (73.8 km/h, 45.9 mph)

Preceded by

Tuntex Sky Tower
347.5 m (1,140 ft)

|  Tallest building in Taiwan
509.2 m (1,671 ft)
2004–present  | Incumbent
Preceded by

Bank of America Tower

|  World's tallest & highest-use green building
(LEED platinum rating)
2011–present
Preceded by

Environmental Protection Agency building
(Florida, U.S.)

|  World's largest green building
(LEED platinum rating)
2011–present
Preceded by

Unknown

|  World's largest & heaviest wind damper
diameter 5.5 m (18 ft) & 660 metric tons (728 short tons)
2003–present
Preceded by

unknown

|  World's tallest building of earthquake hotspot
(platinum rating)
2003–present

* v
* t
* e

Emporis Skyscraper Award

* Sofitel New York Hotel (2000)
* One Wall Centre (2001)
* Kingdom Centre (2002)
* The Gherkin (2003)
* Taipei 101 (2004)
* Turning Torso (2005)
* Hearst Tower (2006)
* Het Strijkijzer (2007)
* Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower (2008)
* Aqua (2009)
* Hotel Porta Fira (2010)
* 8 Spruce Street (2011)
* Absolute World (2012)
* The Shard (2013)
* Wangjing SOHO (2014)
* Shanghai Tower (2015)
* VIA 57 West (2016)
* Lotte World Tower (2017)
* MGM Cotai (2018)
* Lakhta Center (2019)
* Crown Sydney (2020)
* Valley Amsterdam (2021)

* v
* t
* e

Supertall skyscrapers (300 m/984 ft and taller)

Completed

Americas

| Chile|

* Gran Torre Santiago

|

Mexico|

* Torres Obispado

United States|

* 1 Manhattan West
* 111 West 57th Street
* 3 World Trade Center
* 30 Hudson Yards
* 35 Hudson Yards
* 432 Park Avenue
* 50 Hudson Yards
* 53W53
* 875 North Michigan Avenue
* Aon Center
* Bank of America Plaza
* Bank of America Tower
* Central Park Tower
* Chrysler Building
* Comcast Technology Center
* Empire State Building
* Franklin Center
* JPMorgan Chase Tower
* One57
* One Vanderbilt
* One World Trade Center
* Salesforce Tower
* St. Regis Chicago
* The Brooklyn Tower
* The New York Times Building
* The Spiral
* Trump International Hotel and Tower
* Two Prudential Plaza
* U.S. Bank Tower
* Wells Fargo Plaza
* Willis Tower
* Wilshire Grand Center
* World Trade Center (1973–2001) †

Asia

| China|

See Template:Supertall skyscrapers in China

|

Hong Kong|

* Bank of China Tower
* Central Plaza
* International Commerce Centre
* International Finance Centre
* Nina Tower
* The Center

Japan|

* Abeno Harukas
* Azabudai Hills Mori JP Tower

Kazakhstan|

* Abu Dhabi Plaza

Kuwait|

* Al Hamra Tower
* Arraya Tower

Malaysia|

* The Exchange 106
* Four Seasons Place Kuala Lumpur
* Merdeka 118
* Petronas Towers
* Telekom Tower

Philippines|

* Metrobank Center

Qatar|

* Aspire Tower

Saudi Arabia|

* The Clock Towers
* Kingdom Centre
* PIF Tower

South Korea|

* Haeundae Doosan We've the Zenith
* Haeundae LCT The Sharp
* Lotte World Tower
* Parc1
* Posco Tower-Songdo

Taiwan|

* 23 Marina
* 85 Sky Tower
* Taipei 101

Thailand|

* Baiyoke Tower II
* ICONSIAM
* MahaNakhon

United Arab
Emirates|

* Address Boulevard
* Address Downtown
* ADNOC Headquarters
* Almas Tower
* Burj Al Arab
* Burj Khalifa
* Cayan Tower
* DAMAC Residenze
* Elite Residence
* Emirates Office Tower
* Etihad Towers
* Gevora Hotel
* HHHR Tower
* The Index
* Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel
* JW Marriott Marquis Dubai
* The Landmark
* Marina 101
* The Marina Torch
* Ocean Heights
* Princess Tower
* Rose Tower
* World Trade Center Abu Dhabi

Vietnam|

* Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower
* Landmark 81

Europe

| Poland|

* Varso Tower

|

Russia|

* City of Capitals
* Eurasia
* Federation Tower
* Lakhta Center
* Mercury City Tower
* Neva Towers 2
* OKO Tower

United Kingdom|

* The Shard

Oceania

| Australia|

* Australia 108
* Q1 Tower

|

* † No longer standing.

Under construction

| Africa|

Iconic Tower

|

Asia|

| China|

* Chongqing Corporate Avenue 1
* Evergrande Center
* Eye of Spring Trade Center
* Greenland Group Suzhou Center
* Haikou Tower
* Nanjing World Trade Center Tower 1
* Ningbo Center
* North Bund Centre
* Shandong IFC
* South Asian Gate
* Suzhou Zhongnan Center
* Tianshan Gate of the World Plots 27 and 28
* Wuhan CTF Finance Center
* Xi'an Greenland Center
* Xiamen International Centre
* Xiangmi Lake New Financial Center

|

Other|

* Legacy Tower
* One Bangkok
* Taipei Twin Towers
* Thamrin Nine
* Torch Tower

North America|

* 270 Park Avenue
* 520 Fifth Avenue
* The One
* Waldorf Astoria Miami

On hold

* 2 World Trade Center
* 45 Broad Street
* Baoneng Shenyang Global Financial Center
* Busan Lotte Town Tower
* Chengdu Greenland Tower
* Chongqing Tall Tower
* Dalian Greenland Center
* Diamond Tower (Jeddah)
* Dubai Pearl
* Dubai Towers Doha
* Forum 66
* Gate of Kuwait
* Goldin Finance 117
* Hyundai Global Business Center
* Jeddah Tower
* Lamar Towers
* Mandarin Oriental Chengdu
* Marina 106
* Namaste Tower
* Nanjing Olympic Suning Tower
* One Tower
* Palais Royale, Mumbai
* Pentominium
* Runhua Global Center 1
* Ryugyong Hotel
* Sino-Steel Tower
* Skycity
* Square Capital Tower
* The Stratford Residences
* Tameer Commercial Tower
* Tianjin R&F Guangdong Tower
* Tour Financial Hub Center
* Tower Infinity
* VietinBank Business Center Office Tower

See also
Proposed supertall skyscrapers
List of architects of supertall buildings

* v
* t
* e

Economy of Taiwan

History|

* Four Asian Tigers
* CNS
* China Circle
* Taiwan Miracle
* Formosa bond

Currency|

* New Taiwan dollar
* Fifth series banknotes
* Old Taiwan dollar
* Taiwanese yen

Banking and finance|

* Taiwan Stock Exchange
* Taipei Exchange
* Taiwan Futures Exchange
* Taiwan Capitalization Weighted Stock Index

Government agencies|

* Ministry of Economic Affairs
* Fair Trade Commission
* Financial Supervisory Commission
* Consumer Protection Commission
* Taiwan External Trade Development Council
* Central Bank
* Central Mint
* Central Engraving and Printing Plant

Research|

* Taiwan Institute of Economic Research
* Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research
* Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica
* Industrial Technology Research Institute

Sectors|

* Agriculture
* Aquaculture
* Floriculture
* Automotive
* Defense
* Electricity
* Energy
* Maritime
* Mining
* Semiconductor
* Telecommunications
* Textile
* Transportation
* Water Supply and Sanitation
* State-owned enterprises

Industrial parks|

* Central Taiwan Science Park
* Changhua Coastal Industrial Park
* Hsinchu Science Park
* Kaohsiung Science Park
* Linhai Industrial Park
* Tainan Science Park

Associations|

* American Chamber of Commerce in Taiwan
* US–Taiwan Business Council
* Taiwan Confederation of Trade Unions

Other|

* Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
* Made in Taiwan
* Minimum wage
* International rankings
* Labor movement

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

Skyscrapers in Taiwan (150m+)

Completed|

| Taipei|

* Taipei 101 (508 m, 2004)
* The Sky Taipei (280 m, 2023)
* Taipei Nan Shan Plaza (272 m, 2018)
* Fubon Xinyi A25 (266 m, 2022)
* Shin Kong Life Tower (245 m, 1993)
* Cathay Landmark (212 m, 2015)
* Farglory Financial Center (208 m, 2012)
* Far Eastern Plaza Towers 1 & 2 (165 m, 1994)
* Yihwa International Residential Towers A & B (160 m, 2014)
* Huaku Sky Garden (157 m, 2016)
* Hua Nan Bank Headquarters (155 m, 2014)
* Uni-President International Tower (154 m, 2004)
* Kee Tai Zhongxiao (152 m, 2019)
* Taipei City Hall Bus Station (151 m, 2010)
* Marriott Taipei (150 m, 2014)

|

New Taipei|

* Far Eastern Mega Tower (207 m, 2013)
* Neo Sky Dome Block B (188 m, 2010)
* Farglory 95rich (184 m, 2017)
* Chicony Electronics Headquarters (181 m, 2015)
* HongWell i-Tower (181 m, 2020)
* Panhsin Twin Towers (180 m, 2009)
* Neo Sky Dome Blocks C & D (178 m, 2010)
* Sunland 41 Blocks A & B (161 m, 2020)
* Farglory U-Town Towers B & C (160 m, 2014)
* The Crystal Plaza (160 m, 2012)
* Neo Sky Dome Block A (156 m, 2010)
* Tuntex Highrise Building (153 m, 1998)
* Farglory U-Town Towers A & D (151 m, 2014)
* Blue Ocean (150 m, 2010)

Taoyuan|

* ChungYuet Royal Landmark Towers A, B & C (153 m, 2012)
* ChungYuet World Center (150 m, 2012)

Taichung|

* Taichung Commercial Bank Headquarters (225 m, 2023)
* The Landmark (192 m, 2018)
* Shr-Hwa International Tower (192 m, 2004)
* Le Meridien Taichung (178 m, 1998)
* Plato Palace (172 m, 2021)
* Global Strategy Center (170 m, 2015)
* City Center Plaza (168 m, 2010)
* National Trade Center (165 m, 2018)
* Fuyu Oriental Crown (165 m, 2014)
* Yang Ma Tower (164 m, 2019)
* Pao Huei Solitaire (161 m, 2016)
* Treasure Garden (160 m, 2017)
* Long-Bang Trade Plaza Towers 1 & 2 (160 m, 1993)
* Ding Sheng BHW Taiwan Central Plaza (159 m, 2015)
* Royal Landmark Tower (158 m, 2010)
* Daan International Building (158 m, 1997)
* Savoy Palace (157 m, 2017)
* Fountain Palace (155 m, 2010)
* Fubon Sky Tree (155 m, 2016)
* Daan King Building (151 m, 1995)
* Cosmos (150 m, 2018)

Kaohsiung|

* 85 Sky Tower (348 m, 1997)
* Farglory THE ONE (269 m, 2019)
* Chang-Gu World Trade Center (222 m, 1992)
* Han-Lai New World Center (186 m, 1995)
* Guo-Yan Building BC (171 m, 2013)
* Asia-Pacific Financial Plaza (170 m, 1992)
* Next 100 (163 m, 2021)
* Han-Hsien International Hotel (160 m, 1994)
* Kaohsiung Marriott Hotel (156 m, 2019)
* Kingtown King Park (154 m, 2015)
* Highwealth - City of Leadership Towers A & B (150 m, 2016)

Under
construction|

* Eastern Group Headquarters
* Four Seasons Hotel Taipei
* Fubon Aozihdi
* Kuma Tower
* Nanshan Xinyi A21
* New Kinpo Group Headquarters
* Taipei Twin Towers

Proposed|

* Asia Plaza
* CHP Tower
* Intelligence Operation Center
* Fong Yi Huiguo 174
* Fong Yi Huimin 118
* Taiwan Tower

* v
* t
* e

Xinyi Planning District

Municipal|

Taipei City Hall \- Discovery Center of Taipei \- Taipei City Council \- Taipei City Hall Square

Taipei World Trade Center|

Exhibition Building (Hall 1) - Exhibition Hall 3 - TWTC International Trade Building \- Taipei International Convention Center

Hotels|

Grand Hyatt Taipei \- Le Méridien Taipei \- W Taipei

Attractions & Malls|

Taipei 101 \- ATT 4 FUN \- Vieshow Cinemas \- SKM Xinyi Place \- Breeze XIN YI \- Breeze SONG GAO \- Bellavita \- Eslite Xinyi \- FEDS Xinyi A13 \- Uni-Style Taipei \- Neo19 \- Breeze NAN SHAN \- Four Four South Village

Office buildings|

Hua Nan Bank Headquarters \- Cathay Financial Center \- Shin Kong Manhattan Building \- Walsin Lihwa Building \- Farglory Financial Center \- Taipei 101 \- Uni-President International Tower \- Cathay Landmark \- Taipei Nan Shan Plaza \- Fubon Xinyi A25 \- CPC Building \- Aurora Plaza Taipei \- Hontai Trade Plaza \- Taipei Sky Tower \- Sinyi Realty Building \- United Daily News Office Building \- Hsin Ji Building \- Kelti Group Headquarters

Public facilities &
Diplomatic missions|

Diplomatic missions: Argentina \- Australia \- Canada \- EU \- Germany \- Hong Kong \- India \- Macau \- Mexico \- Mongolia \- Netherlands \- New Zealand \- Russia \- South Korea \- Sweden \- Turkey \- United Kingdom
Public facilities: Public Construction Commission \- Veterans Affairs Council \- Fiscal Information Agency \- Criminal Investigation Bureau \- Taipei City Fire Department \- Xinyi Administration Center \- Songshou Plaza - Xinyi Plaza

Transportation|

Taipei City Hall Bus Station
：Taipei City Hall metro station \- Yongchun metro station
：Taipei 101–World Trade Center metro station \- Xiangshan metro station
Highway：Keelung Road \- Xinyi Expressway \- Civic Boulevard \- HuanDong Boulevard
Main road：Zhongxiao Road（Provincial Highway 5）- Keelung Road \- Xinyi Road

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz place
* Structurae

*[CTBUH]: Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
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