Talpidae

Family of small insectivorous mammals

Talpidae

Temporal range: Late Eocene–Recent

PreꞒ

Left column:

*     * Top: Pyrenean desman
* Bottom: European mole
* Right column:
* Top: Small Japanese mole
* Middle: Russian desman
* Bottom: Eastern mole

Scientific classification
Domain:  | Eukaryota
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Chordata
Class:  | Mammalia
Order:  | Eulipotyphla
Superfamily:  | Talpoidea
Family:  | Talpidae
G. Fischer, 1814
Type genus
Talpa

Linnaeus, 1758

Subfamilies

Talpinae
Scalopinae
Uropsilinae

The family Talpidae[1] (/ˈtælpɪdiː/) includes the true moles (as well as the shrew moles and desmans) who are small insectivorous mammals of the order Eulipotyphla. Talpids are all digging animals to various degrees: moles are completely subterranean animals; shrew moles and shrew-like moles somewhat less so; and desmans, while basically aquatic, excavate dry sleeping chambers; whilst the quite unique star-nosed mole is equally adept in the water and underground. Talpids are found across the Northern Hemisphere of Eurasia and North America (although none are found in Ireland nor in the Americas south of northern Mexico), and range as far south as the montane regions of tropical Southeast Asia.

The first talpids evolved from shrew-like animals which adapted to digging late in the Eocene in Europe. Eotalpa anglica is the oldest known mole, it was discovered in the Late Eocene deposits of Hampshire Basin, UK.[2] The most primitive living talpids are believed to be the shrew-like moles, with other species having adapted further into the subterranean, and, in some cases, aquatic lifestyles.[3]

## Characteristics

[edit]

Talpids are small, dark-furred animals with cylindrical bodies and hairless, tubular snouts. They range in size from the tiny shrew moles of North America, as small as 10 cm in length and weighing under 12 grams, to the Russian desman, with a body length of 18–22 cm, and a weight of about 550 grams. The fur varies between species, but is always dense and short; desmans have waterproof undercoats and oily guard hairs, while the subterranean moles have short, velvety fur lacking any guard hairs. The forelimbs of moles are highly adapted for digging, with powerful claws, and the paws turned permanently outwards to aid in shovelling dirt away from the front of the body. By contrast, desmans have webbed paws with a fringe of stiff fur to aid in swimming. Moles generally have short tails, but those of desmans are elongated and flattened.[4]

All species have small eyes and poor eyesight, but only a few are truly blind.[4] The external ears are very small or absent.[5] Talpids rely primarily on their sense of touch, having sensory vibrissae on their faces, legs, and tails. Their flexible snouts are particularly sensitive. Desmans are able to close both their nostrils and ears while diving. Unusually, the penis of talpids points backwards, and they have no scrotum.[4]

Females have six or eight teats. Both sexes have claws on all five fingers and on all five toes. The paw has an additional bone called the os falciforme. In burrowing moles, the clavicle and the humeral head are connected. The tibia and the fibula are partially fused in all talpids. The pubis does not connect the two halves of the pelvic girdle. The skull is long, narrow, and rather flattened.[5]

Talpids are generally insectivorous. Moles eat earthworms, insect larvae, and occasionally slugs, while desmans eat aquatic invertebrates such as shrimps, insect larvae, and snails. Talpids have relatively unspecialized teeth, with the dental formula:

Dentition

2-3.1.3-4.3
1-3.0-1.3-4.3

### Sex characteristics

[edit]

This section is an excerpt from Animal clitoris § Moles.[edit]

Many species of talpid moles exhibit peniform clitorises that are tunneled by the urethra and are found to have erectile tissue, most notably species from the Talpa genus found in Europe.[6] Unique to this clade are the presence of ovotestes, wherein the female ovary also is mostly made up of sterile testicular tissue that secretes testosterone with only a small portion of the gonad containing ovarian tissue. Genetic studies have revealed that females of these species have an XX genotype and do not have any translocated Y-linked genes.[6] Detailed developmental studies of Talpa occidentalis have revealed that the female gonads develop in a "testis-like pattern". DMRT1, a gene that regulates development of Sertoli cells, was found to be expressed in female germ cells before meiosis, however no Sertoli cells were present in the fully-developed ovotestes. Additionally, the female germ cells only enter meiosis postnatally, a phenomenon that has not been found in any other eutherian mammal.[6] Phylogenetic analyses have suggested that, like in lemuroids, this trait must have evolved in a common ancestor of the clade, and has been "turned off and on" in different talpid lineages.[7]

Female European moles are highly territorial and will not allow males in to their territory outside of breeding season, the probable cause of this behavior being the high levels of testosterone secreted by the female ovotestes.[6][7] During the non-breeding season, their vaginal opening is covered by skin, akin to the condition seen in mouse and dwarf lemurs.[6]

### Behavior

[edit]

Molehill

Desmans and shrew moles are primarily nocturnal, but moles are active day and night, usually travelling above ground only under cover of darkness. Most moles dig permanent burrows, and subsist largely on prey that falls into them. The shrew moles dig burrows to access deep sleeping chambers, but forage for food on the forest floor by night. Desmans dig burrows in riverbanks for shelter and forage in the water of rivers and lakes. The star-nosed mole is able to make a living much as other moles do, but are also very capable aquatic creatures, where they are able to smell underwater by using their unique proboscis to hold out a bubble of air into the water.

Talpids appear to be generally quite antisocial animals, and although at least one species, the star-nosed mole, will share burrows, talpids are known to engage in much territorial behavior, including extraordinarily fast battles.[4]

## Classification

[edit]

Further information: List of talpids

The family is divided into three subfamilies, 19 genera and 59 species.

* Family Talpidae
* Subfamily Uropsilinae \- Asian shrew-like moles (Chinese shrew moles)
* Genus Uropsilus \- eight species in China, Bhutan, and Myanmar
* Equivalent-teeth shrew mole, U. aequodonenia
* Anderson's shrew mole, U. andersoni
* Black-backed shrew mole, U. atronates
* Dabie Mountains shrew mole, U. dabieshanensis
* Gracile shrew mole, U. gracilis
* Inquisitive shrew mole, U. investigator
* Snow Mountain shrew mole, U. nivatus
* Chinese shrew mole, U. soricipes
* Subfamily Scalopinae \- New World moles
* Tribe Condylurini \- condylurine moles
* Genus Condylura \- one species in eastern North America
* Star-nosed mole, C. cristata
* Tribe Scalopini \- scalopine moles
* Genus Alpiscaptulus \- one species in China
* Medog mole, A. medogensis
* Genus Parascalops \- one species in northeastern North America
* Hairy-tailed mole, P. breweri
* Genus Scalopus \- one species in eastern North America
* Eastern mole, S. aquaticus
* Genus Scapanulus \- one species in China
* Gansu mole, S. oweni
* Genus Scapanus \- five species in western North America
* Mexican mole, S. anthonyi[8]
* Northern broad-footed mole, S. latimanus
* Southern broad-footed mole, S. occultus[9]
* Coast mole, S. orarius
* Townsend's mole, S. townsendii
* Subfamily Talpinae \- Old World moles, desmans, and shrew moles
* Tribe Talpini \- talpine moles
* Genus Euroscaptor \- ten species in East, South, and Southeast Asia
* Greater Chinese mole, E. grandis
* Kloss's mole, E. klossi
* Kuznetsov's mole, E. kuznetsovi
* Long-nosed mole, E. longirostris
* Malaysian mole, E. malayanus [10]
* Himalayan mole, E. micrurus
* Ngoc Linh mole, E. ngoclinhensis
* Orlov's mole, E. orlovi
* Small-toothed mole, E. parvidens
* Vietnamese mole, E. subanura[11]
* Genus Mogera \- nine species from East Asia
* Echigo mole, M. etigo
* Small Japanese mole, M. imaizumii
* Insular mole, M. insularis
* Kano's mole, M. kanoana
* La Touche's mole, M. latouchei
* Ussuri mole, M. robusta
* Sado mole, M. tokudae
* Senkaku mole, M. uchidai
* Japanese mole, M. wogura
* Genus Oreoscaptor \- one species in Japan
* Japanese mountain mole, O. mizura
* Genus Parascaptor \- one species in southern Asia
* White-tailed mole, P. leucura
* Genus Scaptochirus \- China
* Short-faced mole, S. moschatus
* Genus Talpa \- thirteen species, Europe and western Asia
* Altai mole, T. altaica
* Aquitanian mole, T. aquitania[12]
* Blind mole, T. caeca
* Caucasian mole, T. caucasica
* Père David's mole, T. davidiana
* European mole, T. europaea
* Levant mole, T. levantis
* Martino's mole, T. martinorum
* Spanish mole, T. occidentalis
* Ognev's mole, T. ognevi
* Roman mole, T. romana
* Balkan mole, T. stankovici
* Talysch mole, T. talyschensis
* Tribe Scaptonychini
* Genus Scaptonyx \- one species in China and Myanmar
* Long-tailed mole, S. fusicauda
* Tribe Desmanini \- desmans
* Genus Desmana
* Russian desman, D. moschata
* Genus Galemys
* Pyrenean desman, G. pyrenaicus
* Tribe Urotrichini \- Japanese shrew moles
* Genus Dymecodon
* True's shrew mole, D. pilirostris
* Genus Urotrichus
* Japanese shrew mole, U. talpoides
* Tribe Neurotrichini \- New World shrew moles
* Genus Neurotrichus \- Pacific northwest US, southwest British Columbia
* American shrew mole, N. gibbsii

Some studies suggest that this classification into three subfamilies is not entirely accurate, finding Uropsilinae to be the most basal member, then Desmanini, then a clade comprising Neurotrichini, Scaptonychini, and Urotrichini, then the Condylurini, and then Talpini and Scalopini being sister groups to one another. The current classification into 3 subfamilies renders both Talpinae and Scalopinae paraphyletic.[13]

### Unrelated mammals built like moles

[edit]

The following mammals have burrowing habits, and have by virtue of convergent evolution many derived characters in common with true moles from the family Talpidae but are nonetheless unrelated.

* Marsupial moles (2 species): Notoryctes typhlops, and N. caurinus.
* Golden moles (21 species), belonging to the Afrotheria.

## Relationship with humans

[edit]

All species in the family Talpidae are classed as "prohibited new organisms" under New Zealand's Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996, preventing them from being imported into the country.[14]

## See also

[edit]

* Mouldwarp

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Hutterer, R. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 300–311\. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
2. ^ Jerry J. Hooker. Skeletal adaptations and phylogeny of the oldest mole Eotalpa (Talpidae, Lipotyphla, Mammalia) from the UK Eocene: the beginning of fossoriality in moles. The Paleontological Association. Volume59, Issue 2, March 2016. pp. 195-216. doi.org/10.1111/pala.12221
3. ^ Savage, RJG, & Long, MR (1986). Mammal Evolution: an illustrated guide. New York: Facts on File. p. 53. ISBN 0-8160-1194-X.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
4. ^ a b c d Gorman, Martyn (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 766–769. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.
5. ^ a b Grzimek, Bernhard. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, Volume 10: Mammals I. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1975. Print.
6. ^ a b c d e Jiménez, R.; Barrionuevo, F.J.; Burgos, M. (2013). "Natural Exceptions to Normal Gonad Development in Mammals". Sexual Development. 7 (1–3): 147–162\. doi:10.1159/000338768. ISSN 1661-5433. PMID 22626995. S2CID 8721211.1–3&rft.pages=147-162&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=1661-5433&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8721211#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:pmid/22626995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1159/000338768&rft.aulast=Jiménez&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Barrionuevo,+F.J.&rft.au=Burgos,+M.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Talpidae" class="Z3988">
7. ^ a b Carmona, F. David; Motokawa, Masaharu; Tokita, Masayoshi; Tsuchiya, Kimiyuki; Jiménez, Rafael; Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R. (15 May 2008). "The evolution of female mole ovotestes evidences high plasticity of mammalian gonad development". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution. 310B (3): 259–266\. doi:10.1002/jez.b.21209. ISSN 1552-5007. PMID 18085526.
8. ^ Yates, Terry L.; Jorge Salazar-Bravo (2004). "A Revision Of Scapanus latimanus, with the Revalidation of a Species Of Mexican Mole". In Sánchez-Cordero V.; Medellín R.A. (eds.). Contribuciones Mastozoológicas En Homenaje A Bernardo Villa (PDF). Instituto De Biología e Ins Tituto De Ecología, Unam, México. pp. 479–496.
9. ^ Castañeda, Sergio Ticul Alvarez; Cortés-Calva, Patrica (2021-05-09). "Revision of moles in the genus Scapanus". THERYA. 12 (2): 275. doi:10.12933/therya-21-1174. ISSN 2007-3364. S2CID 236583289.
10. ^ Redescription of the Malaysian Mole as to be a true species Euroscaptor malayana[permanent dead link]
11. ^ Kawada, S-I.; et al. (2012). "A new species of mole of the genus Euroscaptor (Soricomorpha, Talpidae) from northern Vietnam". Journal of Mammalogy. 93 (3): 839–850\. doi:10.1644/11-MAMM-A-296.1.
12. ^ Nicolas, Violaine; Martínez-Vargas, Jessica; Hugot, Jean-Pierre (2017). "Talpa aquitania sp. nov. (Talpidae, Soricomorpha), a new mole species from SW France and N Spain" (PDF). Mammalia. 81 (6): 641–642\. doi:10.1515/MAMMALIA-2017-0057. S2CID 90926022.
13. ^ Schwermann, Achim H.; He, Kai; Peters, Benjamin J.; Plogschties, Thorsten; Sansalone, Gabriele (2019). "Systematics and macroevolution of extant and fossil scalopine moles (Mammalia, Talpidae)". Palaeontology. 62 (4): 661–676\. Bibcode:2019Palgy..62..661S. doi:10.1111/pala.12422. ISSN 1475-4983. S2CID 134096608.
14. ^ Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 2003 - Schedule 2 Prohibited new organisms, New Zealand Government, retrieved 26 January 2012

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Talpidae (category)

Wikispecies has information related to Talpidae.

* v
* t
* e

Extant species of Eulipotyphla

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Mammalia
* Infraclass: Eutheria
* Superorder: Laurasiatheria

* Family: Erinaceidae
* subfamily: Erinaceinae

| Atelerix|

* Four-toed hedgehog (A. albiventris)
* North African hedgehog (A. algirus)
* Southern African hedgehog (A. frontalis)
* Somali hedgehog (A. sclateri)

|

Erinaceus|

* Amur hedgehog (E. amurensis)
* Southern white-breasted hedgehog (E. concolor)
* West European hedgehog (E. europaeus)
* Northern white-breasted hedgehog (E. roumanicus)

Hemiechinus|

* Long-eared hedgehog (H. auritus)
* Indian long-eared hedgehog (H. collaris)

Mesechinus|

* Daurian hedgehog (M. dauuricus)
* Hugh's hedgehog (M. hughi)
* Gaoligong forest hedgehog (M. wangi)
* Small-toothed forest hedgehog (M. miodon)
* Eastern forest hedgehog (M. orientalis)

Paraechinus|

* Desert hedgehog (P. aethiopicus)
* Brandt's hedgehog (P. hypomelas)
* Indian hedgehog (P. micropus)
* Bare-bellied hedgehog (P. nudiventris)

* Family: Erinaceidae
* subfamily: Galericinae

| Echinosorex|

* Moonrat (E. gymnura)

|

Hylomys|

* Dwarf gymnure (H. parvus)
* Javan short-tailed gymnure (H. suillus)
* Bornean short-tailed gymnure (H. dorsalis)
* Max's short-tailed gymnure (H. maxi)
* Dalat gymnure (H. macarong)
* Northern short-tailed gymnure (H. peguensis)
* Leuser gymnure (H. vorax)

Neohylomys|

* Hainan gymnure (N. hainanensis)

Neotetracus|

* Shrew gymnure (N. sinensis)

Otohylomys|

* Long-eared gymnure (O. megalotis)

Podogymnura|

* Dinagat gymnure (P. aureospinula)
* Mindanao gymnure (P. truei)

* Family: Soricidae
* subfamily: Crocidurinae

| Crocidura
(White-toothed
shrews)|

* Cyrenaica shrew (C. aleksandrisi)
* East African highland shrew (C. allex)
* Andaman shrew (C. andamanensis)
* C. annamitensis
* Ansell's shrew (C. ansellorum)
* Arabian shrew (C. arabica)
* Jackass shrew (C. arispa)
* Armenian shrew (C. armenica)
* Asian gray shrew (C. attenuata)
* Hun shrew (C. attila)
* Bailey's shrew (C. baileyi)
* Kinabalu shrew (C. baluensis)
* Batak shrew (C. batakorum)
* Mindanao shrew (C. beatus)
* Beccari's shrew (C. beccarii)
* Bottego's shrew (C. bottegi)
* Bale shrew (C. bottegoides)
* Thick-tailed shrew (C. brunnea)
* Buettikofer's shrew (C. buettikoferi)
* African dusky shrew (C. caliginea)
* Canarian shrew (C. canariensis)
* Caspian shrew (C. caspica)
* Cinderella shrew (C. cinderella)
* Congo white-toothed shrew (C. congobelgica)
* C. cranbrooki
* Long-footed shrew (C. crenata)
* Crosse's shrew (C. crossei)
* Reddish-gray musk shrew (C. cyanea)
* Dent's shrew (C. denti)
* Desperate shrew (C. desperata)
* Dhofar shrew (C. dhofarensis)
* Long-tailed musk shrew (C. dolichura)
* Doucet's musk shrew (C. douceti)
* Dsinezumi shrew (C. dsinezumi)
* Eisentraut's shrew (C. eisentrauti)
* Elgon shrew (C. elgonius)
* Elongated shrew (C. elongata)
* Heather shrew (C. erica)
* Fischer's shrew (C. fischeri)
* Greater red musk shrew (C. flavescens)
* Flower's shrew (C. floweri)
* Bornean shrew (C. foetida)
* Fox's shrew (C. foxi)
* Southeast Asian shrew (C. fuliginosa)
* Savanna shrew (C. fulvastra)
* Smoky white-toothed shrew (C. fumosa)
* Bicolored musk shrew (C. fuscomurina)
* Glass's shrew (C. glassi)
* Gmelin's white-toothed shrew (C. gmelini)
* Goliath shrew (C. goliath)
* Peters's musk shrew (C. gracilipes)
* Large-headed shrew (C. grandiceps)
* Greater Mindanao shrew (C. grandis)
* Grasse's shrew (C. grassei)
* Luzon shrew (C. grayi)
* Greenwood's shrew (C. greenwoodi)
* C. guy
* Harenna shrew (C. harenna)
* C. hikmiya
* Hildegarde's shrew (C. hildegardeae)
* Hill's shrew (C. hilliana)
* Lesser red musk shrew (C. hirta)
* Andaman spiny shrew (C. hispida)
* Horsfield's shrew (C. horsfieldii)
* Hutan shrew (C. hutanis)
* North African white-toothed shrew (C. ichnusae)
* Indochinese shrew (C. indochinensis)
* Jackson's shrew (C. jacksoni)
* Jenkins's shrew (C. jenkinsi)
* Jouvenet's shrew (C. jouvenetae)
* Katinka's shrew (C. katinka)
* Ke Go shrew (C. kegoensis)
* Kivu shrew (C. kivuana)
* Lamotte's shrew (C. lamottei)
* Kivu long-haired shrew (C. lanosa)
* Ussuri white-toothed shrew (C. lasiura)
* Latona's shrew (C. latona)
* Sulawesi shrew (C. lea)
* Sumatran giant shrew (C. lepidura)
* Bicolored shrew (C. leucodon)
* Sulawesi tiny shrew (C. levicula)
* Butiaba naked-tailed shrew (C. littoralis)
* Savanna swamp shrew (C. longipes)
* Lucina's shrew (C. lucina)
* Ludia's shrew (C. ludia)
* Moonshine shrew (C. luna)
* Mauritanian shrew (C. lusitania)
* MacArthur's shrew (C. macarthuri)
* MacMillan's shrew (C. macmillani)
* Nyiro shrew (C. macowi)
* Malayan shrew (C. malayana)
* Manenguba shrew (C. manengubae)
* Makwassie musk shrew (C. maquassiensis)
* Swamp musk shrew (C. mariquensis)
* Gracile naked-tailed shrew (C. maurisca)
* Javanese shrew (C. maxi)
* Mindoro shrew (C. mindorus)
* Sri Lankan long-tailed shrew (C. miya)
* Kilimanjaro shrew (C. monax)
* Sunda shrew (C. monticola)
* Montane white-toothed shrew (C. montis)
* West African long-tailed shrew (C. muricauda)
* Mossy forest shrew (C. musseri)
* Ugandan musk shrew (C. mutesae)
* Somali dwarf shrew (C. nana)
* Savanna dwarf shrew (C. nanilla)
* Peninsular shrew (C. negligens)
* Negros shrew (C. negrina)
* Nicobar shrew (C. nicobarica)
* Nigerian shrew (C. nigeriae)
* Blackish white-toothed shrew (C. nigricans)
* Black-footed shrew (C. nigripes)
* African black shrew (C. nigrofusca)
* Nimba shrew (C. nimbae)
* Niobe's shrew (C. niobe)
* West African pygmy shrew (C. obscurior)
* African giant shrew (C. olivieri)
* Oriental shrew (C. orientalis)
* Ryukyu shrew (C. orii)
* Palawan shrew (C. palawanensis)
* Panay shrew (C. panayensis)
* Sumatran long-tailed shrew (C. paradoxura)
* Small-footed shrew (C. parvipes)
* Sahelian tiny shrew (C. pasha)
* Pale gray shrew (C. pergrisea)
* Guramba shrew (C. phaeura)
* C. phanluongi
* Phu Hoc shrew (C. phuquocensis)
* Cameroonian shrew (C. picea)
* Pitman's shrew (C. pitmani)
* Flat-headed shrew (C. planiceps)
* Fraser's musk shrew (C. poensis)
* Polia's shrew (C. polia)
* Kashmir white-toothed shrew (C. pullata)
* Rainey's shrew (C. raineyi)
* Negev shrew (C. ramona)
* Chinese white-toothed shrew (C. rapax)
* Egyptian pygmy shrew (C. religiosa)
* Sulawesi white-handed shrew (C. rhoditis)
* Roosevelt's shrew (C. roosevelti)
* Greater white-toothed shrew (C. russula)
* Ugandan lowland shrew (C. selina)
* Lesser rock shrew (C. serezkyensis)
* Asian lesser white-toothed shrew (C. shantungensis)
* Siberian shrew (C. sibirica)
* Sicilian shrew (C. sicula)
* Lesser gray-brown musk shrew (C. silacea)
* Desert musk shrew (C. smithii)
* Sokolov's shrew (C. sokolovi)
* Somali shrew (C. somalica)
* Kahuzi swamp shrew (C. stenocephala)
* Lesser white-toothed shrew (C. suaveolens)
* Iranian shrew (C. susiana)
* Tanzanian shrew (C. tansaniana)
* Tarella shrew (C. tarella)
* Saharan shrew (C. tarfayensis)
* Telford's shrew (C. telfordi)
* Timor shrew (C. tenuis)
* Thalia's shrew (C. thalia)
* Therese's shrew (C. theresae)
* São Tomé shrew (C. thomensis)
* Christmas Island shrew (C. trichura)
* Turbo shrew (C. turba)
* Ultimate shrew (C. ultima)
* Usambara shrew (C. usambarae)
* Savanna path shrew (C. viaria)
* Mamfe shrew (C. virgata)
* Voi shrew (C. voi)
* Voracious shrew (C. vorax)
* Banka shrew (C. vosmaeri)
* Lesser Ryukyu shrew (C. watasei)
* Whitaker's shrew (C. whitakeri)
* Wimmer's shrew (C. wimmeri)
* Hainan Island shrew (C. wuchihensis)
* Xanthippe's shrew (C. xantippe)
* Yankari shrew (C. yankariensis)
* Mikhail Zaitsev's shrew (C. zaitsevi )
* Zaphir's shrew (C. zaphiri)
* Zarudny's rock shrew (C. zarudnyi)
* Upemba shrew (C. zimmeri)
* Cretan shrew (C. zimmermanni)

|

* Family: Soricidae
* subfamily: Crocidurinae (continued)

| Diplomesodon|

* Piebald shrew (D. pulchellus)

|

Feroculus|

* Kelaart's long-clawed shrew (F. feroculus)

Palawanosorex|

* Palawan moss shrew (P. muscorum)

Paracrocidura
(Large-headed
shrews)|

* Grauer's large-headed shrew (P. graueri)
* Greater large-headed shrew (P. maxima)
* Lesser large-headed shrew (P. schoutedeni)

Ruwenzorisorex|

* Ruwenzori shrew (R. suncoides)

Scutisorex|

* Hero shrew (S. somereni)
* Thor's hero shrew (S. thori)

Solisorex|

* Pearson's long-clawed shrew (S. pearsoni)

Suncus|

* Taita shrew (S. aequatorius)
* Black shrew (S. ater)
* Day's shrew (S. dayi)
* Etruscan shrew (S. etruscus)
* Sri Lankan shrew (S. fellowesgordoni)
* Bornean pygmy shrew (S. hosei)
* Least dwarf shrew (S. infinitesimus)
* Greater dwarf shrew (S. lixus)
* Madagascan pygmy shrew (S. madagascariensis)
* Malayan pygmy shrew (S. malayanus)
* Climbing shrew (S. megalura)
* Flores shrew (S. mertensi)
* Asian highland shrew (S. montanus)
* Asian house shrew (S. murinus)
* Remy's pygmy shrew (S. remyi)
* Anderson's shrew (S. stoliczkanus)
* Lesser dwarf shrew (S. varilla)
* Jungle shrew (S. zeylanicus)

Sylvisorex
(Forest shrews)|

* Dudu Akaibe's pygmy shrew (S. akaibei)
* Cameroonian forest shrew (S. cameruniensis)
* Corbet's forest shrew (S. corbeti)
* Grant's forest shrew (S. granti)
* Howell's forest shrew (S. howelli)
* Bioko forest shrew (S. isabellae)
* Johnston's forest shrew (S. johnstoni)
* Kongana shrew (S. konganensis)
* Moon forest shrew (S. lunaris)
* Mount Cameroon forest shrew (S. morio)
* Greater forest shrew (S. ollula)
* Lesser forest shrew (S. oriundus)
* Rain forest shrew (S. pluvialis)
* Volcano shrew (S. vulcanorum)

* Family: Soricidae
* subfamily: Soricinae

| Anourosoricini|

| Anourosorex
(Asian mole shrews)|

* Assam mole shrew (A. assamensis)
* Giant mole shrew (A. schmidi)
* Chinese mole shrew (A. squamipes)
* Taiwanese mole shrew (A. yamashinai)

|

Blarinellini|

| Blarinella
(some Asiatic short-tailed
shrews)|

* Asiatic short-tailed shrew (B. quadraticauda)
* Burmese short-tailed shrew (B. wardi)

|

Parablarinella
(some Asiatic short-tailed
shrews)|

* Indochinese short-tailed shrew (P. griselda)
* Anhui short-tailed shrew (P. latimaxillata)

Blarinini|

| Blarina
(American short-tailed
shrews)|

* Northern short-tailed shrew (B. brevicauda)
* Southern short-tailed shrew (B. carolinensis)
* Elliot's short-tailed shrew (B. hylophaga)
* Everglades short-tailed shrew (B. peninsulae)
* Sherman's short-tailed shrew (B. shermani)

|

Cryptotis
(Small-eared
shrews)|

C. mexicana group
Mexican small-eared shrew (C. mexicana)
Nelson's small-eared shrew (C. nelsoni)
Grizzled Mexican small-eared shrew (C. obscura)
Phillips' small-eared shrew (C. phillipsii)

C. goldmani set
Central Mexican broad-clawed shrew (C. alticola)
Goldman's broad-clawed shrew (C. goldmani)
Goodwin's broad-clawed shrew (C. goodwini)
Guatemalan broad-clawed shrew (C. griseoventris)
C. lacertosus
C. mam
Oaxacan broad-clawed shrew (C. peregrina)

C. nigrescens group
Eastern Cordillera small-footed shrew (C. brachyonyx)
Colombian small-eared shrew (C. colombiana)
Honduran small-eared shrew (C. hondurensis)
Yucatan small-eared shrew (C. mayensis)
Darién small-eared shrew (C. mera)
Merriam's small-eared shrew (C. merriami)
Blackish small-eared shrew (C. nigrescens)

C. thomasi group
Southern Colombian small-eared shrew (C. andinus)
Ecuadorian small-eared shrew (C. equatoris)
Rainer's small-eared shrew (C. huttereri)
Medellín small-eared shrew (C. medellinia)
Merida small-eared shrew (C. meridensis)
Wandering small-eared shrew (C. montivaga)
Peruvian small-eared shrew (C. peruviensis)
Scaly-footed small-eared shrew (C. squaipes)
Tamá small-eared shrew (C. tamensis)
Thomas's small-eared shrew (C. thomasi)

C. parva group
Central American least shrew (C. orophila)
North American least shrew (C. parva)
Tropical small-eared shrew (C. tropicalis)

Ungrouped / relict
Enders's small-eared shrew (C. endersi)
Talamancan small-eared shrew (C. gracilis)
Big Mexican small-eared shrew (C. magna)

Nectogalini|

| Chimarrogale
(Asiatic water
shrews)|

* Malayan water shrew (C. hantu)
* Himalayan water shrew (C. himalayica)
* Bornean water shrew (C. phaeura)
* Japanese water shrew (C. platycephalus)
* Chinese water shrew (C. styani)
* Sumatran water shrew (C. sumatrana)

|

Chodsigoa|

* Van Sung's shrew (C. caovansunga)
* De Winton's shrew (C. hypsibia)
* Lamulate shrew (C. lamula)
* Lowe's shrew (C. parca)
* Pygmy brown-toothed shrew (C. parva)
* Salenski's shrew (C. salenskii)
* Smith's shrew (C. smithii)
* Lesser Taiwanese shrew (C. sodalis)

Episoriculus|

* Hodgsons's brown-toothed shrew (E. caudatus)
* Taiwanese brown-toothed shrew (E. fumidus)
* Long-tailed brown-toothed shrew (E. leucops)
* Long-tailed mountain shrew (E. macrurus)

Nectogale|

* Elegant water shrew (N. elegans)

Neomys|

* Mediterranean water shrew (N. anomalus)
* Eurasian water shrew (N. fodiens)
* Transcaucasian water shrew (N. teres)

Soriculus|

* Himalayan shrew (S. nigrescens)

Notiosoricini|

| Megasorex|

* Mexican shrew (M. gigas)

|

Notiosorex|

* Cockrum's gray shrew (N. cockrumi)
* Crawford's gray shrew (N. crawfordi)
* Large-eared gray shrew (N. evotis)
* Villa's gray shrew (N. villai)

* Family: Soricidae
* subfamily: Soricinae (tribe: Soricini)

| Sorex
(Long-tailed
shrews)|

| Subgenus
Otisorex|

* Long-tailed shrew (S. dispar)
* Smoky shrew (S. fumeus)
* American pygmy shrew (S. hoyi)
* Large-toothed shrew (S. macrodon)
* Carmen mountain shrew (S. milleri)
* Dwarf shrew (S. nanus)
* Mexican long-tailed shrew (S. oreopolus)
* Orizaba long-tailed shrew (S. orizabae)
* Ornate shrew (S. ornatus)
* Inyo shrew (S. tenellus)
* Verapaz shrew (S. veraepacis)

S. vagrans complex
Glacier Bay water shrew (S. alaskanus)
Baird's shrew (S. bairdii)
Marsh shrew (S. bendirii)
Montane shrew (S. monticolus)
New Mexico shrew (S. neomexicanus)
Pacific shrew (S. pacificus)
American water shrew (S. palustris)
Fog shrew (S. sonomae)
Vagrant shrew (S. vagrans)

S. cinereus group
Kamchatka shrew (S. camtschatica)
Cinereus shrew (S. cinereus)
Prairie shrew (S. haydeni)
Saint Lawrence Island shrew (S. jacksoni)
Paramushir shrew (S. leucogaster)
Southeastern shrew (S. longirostris)
Mount Lyell shrew (S. lyelli)
Portenko's shrew (S. portenkoi)
Preble's shrew (S. preblei)
Pribilof Island shrew (S. pribilofensis)
Olympic shrew (S. rohweri)
Barren ground shrew (S. ugyunak)

|

Subgenus
Sorex|

* Dneper common shrew (S. averini)
* Lesser striped shrew (S. bedfordiae)
* Greater stripe-backed shrew (S. cylindricauda)
* Chinese highland shrew (S. excelsus)
* Azumi shrew (S. hosonoi)
* Chinese shrew (S. sinalis)
* Alaska tiny shrew (S. yukonicus)

S. alpinus group
Alpine shrew (S. alpinus)
Ussuri shrew (S. mirabilis)

S. araneus group
Valais shrew (S. antinorii)
Common shrew (S. araneus)
Udine shrew (S. arunchi)
Crowned shrew (S. coronatus)
Siberian large-toothed shrew (S. daphaenodon)
Iberian shrew (S. granarius)
Caucasian shrew (S. satunini)

S. arcticus group
Arctic shrew (S. arcticus)
Maritime shrew (S. maritimensis)

S. tundrensis group
Tien Shan shrew (S. asper)
Gansu shrew (S. cansulus)
Tundra shrew (S. tundrensis)

S. minutus group
Buchara shrew (S. buchariensis)
Kozlov's shrew (S. kozlovi)
Caucasian pygmy shrew (S. volnuchini)

S. caecutiens group
Laxmann's shrew (S. caecutiens)
Taiga shrew (S. isodon)
Eurasian least shrew (S. minutissimus)
Eurasian pygmy shrew (S. minutus)
Flat-skulled shrew (S. roboratus)
Shinto shrew (S. shinto)
Long-clawed shrew (S. unguiculatus)

S. gracillimus group
Slender shrew (S. gracillimus)

S. raddei group
Radde's shrew (S. raddei)

S. samniticus group
Apennine shrew (S. samniticus)

incertae sedis|

* Arizona shrew (S. arizonae)
* Zacatecas shrew (S. emarginatus)
* Merriam's shrew (S. merriami)
* Kashmir pygmy shrew (S. planiceps)
* Saussure's shrew (S. saussurei)
* Sclater's shrew (S. sclateri)
* San Cristobal shrew (S. stizodon)
* Tibetan shrew (S. thibetanus)
* Trowbridge's shrew (S. trowbridgii)
* Chestnut-bellied shrew (S. ventralis)
* Veracruz shrew (S. veraecrucis)

* Family: Soricidae
* subfamily: Myosoricinae

| Congosorex
(Congo shrews)|

* Phillips's shrew (C. phillipsorum)
* Greater Congo shrew (C. polli)
* Lesser Congo shrew (C. verheyeni)

|

Myosorex
(Mouse shrews)|

* Babault's mouse shrew (M. babaulti)
* Montane mouse shrew (M. blarina)
* Bururi forest shrew (M. bururiensis)
* Dark-footed mouse shrew (M. cafer)
* Eisentraut's mouse shrew (M. eisentrauti)
* Geata mouse shrew (M. geata)
* Nyika mouse shrew (M. gnoskei)
* Kihaule's mouse shrew (M. kihaulei)
* Long-tailed forest shrew (M. longicaudatus)
* Oku mouse shrew (M. okuensis)
* Rumpi mouse shrew (M. rumpii)
* Schaller's mouse shrew (M. schalleri)
* Sclater's mouse shrew (M. sclateri)
* Thin mouse shrew (M. tenuis)
* Forest shrew (M. varius)
* Kilimanjaro mouse shrew (M. zinki)

Surdisorex
(African mole
shrews)|

* Aberdare mole shrew (S. norae)
* Mount Kenya mole shrew (S. polulus)

* Family: Talpidae

| Scalopinae
(New World moles
and relatives)|

| Condylura|

* Star-nosed mole (C. cristata)

|

Parascalops|

* Hairy-tailed mole (P. breweri)

Scalopus|

* Eastern mole (S. aquaticus)

Scapanulus|

* Gansu mole (S. oweni)

Scapanus
(Western North
American moles)|

* Broad-footed mole (S. latimanus)
* Coast mole (S. orarius)
* Townsend's mole (S. townsendii)

Talpinae
(Old World moles
and relatives)|

| Desmana|

* Russian desman (D. moschata)

|

Dymecodon|

* True's shrew mole (D. pilirostris)

Euroscaptor|

* Greater Chinese mole (E. grandis)
* Kloss's mole (E. klossi)
* Long-nosed mole (E. longirostris)
* Himalayan mole (E. micrura)
* Small-toothed mole (E. parvidens)
* Vietnamese mole (E. subanura)

Galemys|

* Pyrenean desman (G. pyrenaicus)

Mogera|

* Echigo mole (M. etigo)
* Insular mole (M. insularis)
* Kano mole (M. kanoana)
* Kobe mole (M. kobeae)
* Small Japanese mole (M. imaizumii)
* Large mole (M. robusta)
* Sado mole (M. tokudae)
* Japanese mole (M. wogura)
* Senkaku mole (M. uchidai)

Neurotrichus|

* American shrew mole (N. gibbsii)

Oreoscaptor|

* Japanese mountain mole (O. mizura)

Parascaptor|

* White-tailed mole (P. leucura)

Scaptochirus|

* Short-faced mole (S. moschatus)

Scaptonyx|

* Long-tailed mole (S. fusicaudus)

Talpa|

* Altai mole (T. altaica)
* Aquitanian mole (T. aquitania)
* Blind mole (T. caeca)
* Caucasian mole (T. caucasica)
* European mole (T. europaea)
* Père David's mole (T. davidiana)
* Levant mole (T. levantis)
* Martino's mole (T. martinorum)
* Iberian mole (T. occidentalis)
* Ognev's mole (T. ognevi)
* Roman mole (T. romana)
* Balkan mole (T. stankovici)
* Talysch mole (T. talyschensis)

Urotrichus|

* Japanese shrew mole (U. talpoides)

Uropsilinae
(Chinese shrew-like
moles)|

Uropsilus

* Equivalent-teeth shrew mole (U. aequodonenia)
* Anderson's shrew mole (U. andersoni)
* Black-backed shrew mole (U. atronates)
* Dabie Mountains shrew mole (U. dabieshanensis)
* Gracile shrew mole (U. gracilis)
* Inquisitive shrew mole (U. investigator)
* Snow Mountain shrew mole (U. nivatus)
* Chinese shrew mole (U. soricipes)

|

* Family: Solenodontidae

| Atopogale|

* Cuban solenodon (A. cubana)

|

Solenodon|

* Hispaniolan solenodon (S. paradoxus)

Taxon identifiers

Talpidae|

* Wikidata: Q104825
* Wikispecies: Talpidae
* ADW: Talpidae
* BOLD: 979
* CoL: GWL
* EoL: 8715
* EPPO: 1TALPF
* Fauna Europaea: 12621
* Fauna Europaea (new): bcbbea7b-f6b6-4c94-bcf5-40753a8af02f
* GBIF: 9469
* iNaturalist: 46927
* IRMNG: 104338
* ITIS: 179962
* MSW: 13700625
* NBN: NHMSYS0000376159
* NCBI: 9373
* Open Tree of Life: 222358
* Paleobiology Database: 67887
* Paleobiology Database: 40398

Authority control databases: National |

* Germany
* Japan
* Czech Republic

|

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