Tammuz (Hebrew month)

4th month of the Hebrew calendar

This article is about the Hebrew month. For the Mesopotamian god after which the month takes its name, see Dumuzid. For the corresponding Babylonian month, see Tammuz (Babylonian calendar).

Tammuz

Tammuz is the month of the sin of the golden calf, which resulted in Moses breaking the tablets of the Ten Commandments.

Native name| תַּמּוּז‎ (Hebrew)
Calendar| Hebrew calendar
Month number| 4
Number of days| 29
Season| Summer (Northern Hemisphere)
Gregorian equivalent| June–July
Significant days| Seventeenth of Tammuz

← Sivan

Av →

Inscription at the Irish Jewish Museum, with Gregorian and Hebrew dates.

Tammuz (Hebrew: תַּמּוּז‎, Tammūz), or Tamuz, is the tenth month of the civil year and the fourth month of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar, and the modern Assyrian calendar. It is a month of 29 days, which occurs on the Gregorian calendar around June–July.

The name of the month was adopted from the Assyrian and Babylonian month Araḫ Dumuzu, named in honour of the Mesopotamian deity Dumuzid.

## Holidays

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17 Tammuz – Seventeenth of Tammuz – is a fast day from 1 hour before sunrise to sundown in remembrance of Jerusalem's walls being breached. 17 Tammuz is the beginning of The Three Weeks, in which Jews follow similar customs as the ones followed during the Omer from the day following Passover until the culmination of the mourning for the death of the students of Rabbi Akiva (the 33rd day of the Omer – such as refraining from marriage and haircuts.)[1] The Three Weeks culminate with Tisha B'Av (9th of Av).

Ashkenazi communities refrain from wine and meat from the beginning of the month of Av, while Sefardi communities only do so from the second day of the month. The mourning continues until noon on the 10th of Av, the date on which the Second Temple's destruction was complete.

## In Jewish history

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This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2008)

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* 3 Tammuz (c. 1272 BCE)[citation needed] – Joshua stops the sun (Book of Joshua, 10:1–15)
* 3 Tammuz (1982) – Death of Rabbi Shneur Kotler, Rosh Yeshiva of Beth Medrash Govoha of Lakewood, New Jersey.
* 4 Tammuz (1171) – Death of Rabbeinu Tam
* 4 Tammuz (1286) – Meir of Rothenburg imprisoned
* 5 Tammuz (c. 592 BCE) – Ezekiel receives his "Chariot" vision (Book of Ezekiel, 1:4–26)
* 6 Tammuz (1976) – Operation Entebbe
* 9 Tammuz (c. 586 BCE) – Jerusalem walls breached by Nebuchadnezzar II, a date observed as a fast day until the second breaching of Jerusalem's walls by the Roman Empire on the 17th of Tammuz (70 CE)[2]
* 15 Tammuz (1743) – Death of Chaim ibn Attar
* 17 Tammuz (c. 1312 BCE)[citation needed] – golden calf offered by the Jewish people, 40 days after the giving of the Torah at Har Sinai. In response, Moses smashed the first Tablets. This is the first of the five national tragedies mourned on this day.
* 17 Tammuz (c. 586 BCE) – The korban in Solomon's Temple were discontinued.
* 17 Tammuz (70) – Walls of Jerusalem breached by the Roman army.
* 17 Tammuz (135) The Roman general Apostomus burned the Torah and placed an idol in the Second Temple.
* 21 Tammuz (1636) – Death of the Kabbalist Baal Shem Elijah Loans, grandson of Johanan Luria and Josel of Rosheim, and author of the Miklol Yofi (Amsterdam, 1695) commentary on Ecclesiastes.
* 21 Tammuz (2020) The last Remaining Jews of Yemen are captured by the Houthi Militia
* 22 Tammuz (1792) – Death of Rabbi Shlomo of Karlin
* 23 Tammuz (1570) – Death of Rabbi Moses ben Jacob Cordovero
* 26 Tammuz (2005) – Death of Rabbi Shlomo Zev Zweigenhaft
* 28 Tammuz (1841) – Death of Rabbi Moshe Teitelbaum (Ujhel)
* 29 Tammuz (150) – Death of Johanan HaSandlar
* 29 Tammuz (1105) – Death of Rashi
* 29 Tammuz (1940) – Death of Ze'ev Jabotinsky; secular observance by Israel as Jabotinsky Day

## In fiction

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* In the story of Xenogears, Tammuz is the name of a country, named after the Hebrew month. In the official Japanese version translation, however, it was transliterated Tamuzu. This was later further changed by the translation process to "Thames" for the English version.

## See also

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* Jewish astrology
* "Tammūz" (Arabic: ﺗﻤﻮﺯ), is also the name for the month of July in Iraq, the Levant and Turkey ("Temmuz" in Turkish). In Syriac it is ܬܡܘܙ. In Lebanon, Syria, and the Palestinian territories, the 2006 Lebanon War is generally known as حرب تموز Ḥarb Tammūz (i.e. the July War), following the Arab custom of naming the Arab-Israeli wars after months or years.

## References

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1. ^ Ullman, Yirmiyahu. "Laws of the Three Weeks". Ohr Somayach. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
2. ^ This is according to the Talmud, Rosh Hashanah and Tur Orach Chaim 549. However, Karaite Jews continue to observe the fast on Tammuz 9.

## External links

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* This Month in Jewish History

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Jewish and Israeli holidays and observances

Jewish
holidays and
observances

| Shabbat|

* Shabbat
* Special Shabbat

|

High Holy Days|

* Rosh Hashanah
* Ten Days of Repentance
* Yom Kippur

Three Pilgrimage
Festivals

* Passover
* Fast of the Firstborn
* Pesach Sheni
* Shavuot
* Sukkot
* Hoshana Rabbah
* Shemini Atzeret
* Simchat Torah
* Yom tov sheni shel galuyot
* Chol HaMoed
* Isru chag

* Rosh Chodesh
* Fast of Gedalia
* Hanukkah
* Tenth of Tevet
* Tu BiShvat
* Fast of Esther
* Purim
* Purim Katan
* Counting of the Omer
* Lag BaOmer
* 17th of Tammuz
* The Three Weeks
* The Nine Days
* Tisha B'Av
* Tu B'Av
* Rosh Hashanah LeMa'sar Behemah

Israeli public
holidays

* Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day)
* Yom HaZikaron (Memorial Day)
* Yom HaAtzmaut (Independence Day)
* Yom Yerushalayim (Jerusalem Day)
* Yom HaAliyah (Aliyah Day)
* Ben-Gurion Day
* Herzl Day
* Jabotinsky Day
* Rabin Day

Israeli ethnic
holidays

* Mimouna
* Seharane
* Sigd
* Day to Mark the Departure and Expulsion of Jews from the Arab Countries and Iran

Hebrew months|

* Nisan
* Iyar
* Sivan
* Tammuz
* Av
* Elul
* Tishrei
* Cheshvan
* Kislev
* Tevet
* Shevat
* Adar and Adar Sheni

* Jewish and Israeli holidays 2000–2050

Authority control databases: National |

* United States
* Israel

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